HGH in Conjunction with IGF: Liver Cell

Maureen MaherTatiana Patton

LIVER CELL

Click icon to add pictureHepatocyte is known as the liver cell, making up 80% of the liver.

Round

Contains a nucleus

Cellular organelles associated with metabolic and secretory functions.

ER, smooth and rough, and golgi apparatus for secretory purposes.

High number of mitochondria to provide energy to support activity.

Liver

Digest fats Store nutrients reserves Filter poisons and wastes from blood Synthesize variety of proteins Regulate levels of several chemicals

from bloodstream

The Liver-Endocrine System

Besides the organs known as “Endocrine”, there are non-endocrine

organs that create endocrine hormones as well.

Example: Liver

The liver creates three different endocrine hormones.

Angiotensinogen, Thrombopoietin, and Insulin like Growth Factor

The Endocrine System

Composed of glands that produce hormones that regulate growth,

metabolism, sexual development, and function.

Hormones are “chemical messengers” released into the blood streams

The Endocrine System

Insulin growth is controlled overall by the endocrine system, which sends

out messengers throughout the whole body.

Hormones regulates growth, glucose metabolism, body temperature, etc. It is released and can changes the target cells’ actions while traveling through

the circulatory system.

Liver, HGH, & IGF

The human growth hormone (HGH) is sent from the pituitary gland and sent into the bloodstream. It then

stimulates in the liver the production of a hormone known as insulin like

growth factor (IGF)Purpose of IGF:

“produce growth in the cells of the body”

Signaling

The signaling method is known as long distance signaling of chemical

messages. Hormones are being sent through the bloodstream to target cells where a receptor receives the

signal or message to trigger a function.

IGF/HGH levels

IGF levels are produced throughout one’s life, with the highest rates during the pubertal growth spurt.

Factors varying HGH and IGF include: age, sex, genetic make up, exercise, nutrition, body mass, disease, etc.

IGF Deficiency

IGF Deficiency/Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome/Growth

Hormone Resistance Syndrome

IGF deficiency can be caused by a lack of GH receptors or a malfunction or

“block” of the growth hormone to the receptor, causing less IGF production

Common Diseases/ Disorders

Cancers of the endocrine glands

Excessive growth or

acromegaly/gigantism

High blood cholesterol or lipid abnormalities associated with

heart disease

High blood pressure due to endocrine dysfunctions like

adrenal gland tumors

pheochromocytoma

Infertility

Lack of growth (short stature)

Menopause and its hormonal unbalances

Metabolic diseases

Osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency leading to

osteomalacia and rickets in children

Over- or underproduction of hormones

Pediatric endocrine diseases

Precocious puberty

Immediate Effect of IGF Deficiency

IGF has “growth-promoting effects on almost every cell.” Without IGF production, growth is affected

greatly. However, some cases of IGF deficiency or more severe than

others.

One effect is Laron’s dwarfism.

Laron’s Syndrome

Short Stature (Dwarfism)

Resistance to diabetes and cancer

CAPTION: This Ecuadorian man with Laron syndrome (shown with his children in the early 1990s) lived free of cancer and diabetes to age 87, a decade longer

than the average Ecuadorian. He was killed in a car accident in 2012.

Rosenbloom, Arlen. Ecuadorian Man with Laron's Disease. 1990's. Discover Magazine. Discover

Magazine. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

Living with Laron’s Dwarfism

Laron’s Syndrome is a rare disease.

Usually Laron’s syndrome comes with prominent foreheads, obese and

obviously incredibly short.

Complications happen, but it can be diagnosed and treated early.

Evolving Cell Communication

Particular cell signaling that has been known for multi-cellular organisms

have been traced back to uni-cellular organisms. Receptor tyrosine kinase.

This example helps us to look at how cell communication originated.

Student Study Guide

Power Point will be added to School Rack for reference!!!

Work Cited

Backeljauw, Philippe, MD. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I DEFICIENCY(2008): n. pag. Human Growth Foundation Inc. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

"HGH - Complete Information Guide on Human Growth Hormone (HGH)."HGH - Complete Information Guide on Human Growth Hormone (HGH). N.p., 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

"Hormones of the Liver." Hormones of the Liver. N.p., 5 May 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2015."Insulin-like Growth Factor 1." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Feb. 2015. Web. 19

Feb. 2015.Kemp, Stephen, MD, PhD. "Endocrine System Anatomy: Get Facts on Glands and

Functions." EMedicineHealth. Ed. Mellisa Conrad Stoppler. WebMD, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

"Laron Syndrome." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Jan. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.Rolfe, Viv, MD. "RLO: The Anatomy of the Liver." : Hepatocytes. School of Nursing and

Academic Division of Midwifery, University of Nottingham, 5 Oct. 2004. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.

Tyson, Peter. "Gigantism & Dwarfism on Islands." PBS. PBS, 01 Nov. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

Kemp, Stephen, MD, PhD. "EMedicineHealth.com." Endocrine System Anatomy: Get Facts on Glands and Functions. Ed. Melissa C. Stopper. WebMD, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

"Endocrine System - On a Molecular Level." Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: Endocrine System. Andrew Rader Studios, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

Taubes, Gary. "March 2015." Discover Magazine. Kalmbach Publishing Co., 27 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

Carrol, Sean B., PhD. "Primitive Microbe Offers Glimpse of Animal Evolution | Howard Hughes Medical Institute." HHMI.org. HHMI, 18 Dec. 2001. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.