matter what is matter? anything that has mass and takes up space. what do we use to measure mass?...
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Matter
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What is matter?• Anything that has mass and takes up space.• What do we use to measure mass?
– Balance– What are the units associated with mass?
• Grams
• Do these have matter?– Balloon
• Atmospheric pressure = mass • Therefore, gas has mass and takes up space
– Cube
• What are all of these made of?– Atoms
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Not Matter
• What then is not matter?– Light
• It is Energy
• Doesn’t take up space and has no mass
– Waves• Light waves, sound waves, water waves
– Heat/Cold• Energy or the lack of energy
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Atoms
• All matter is made of atoms
• To make a substance, these atoms are arranged in a certain way.
• The arrangement determines the properties of that substance.
• What kinds of properties are there?
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Properties of Matter
• Shape• Color• Texture• Odor• Luster• Transparency• Density• Size• Volume
• Mass• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Freezing Point• Hardness• Resistance• Flamable• Will every substance have all of
these properties?
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Properties of Matter
• Conductivity– Will it conduct
electricity?
• Magnetism• Solubility
– Will it dissolve in water?
• Brittleness– Is the lead brittle? NO
• Insulator• Are there more?• Yes• You should be able to
list at least 7.
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Property•Is the absence of a property a property?
•The lack of it is just as good as having it.
•Ie – odor – lack of odor
•Luster – lack of luster
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Determines?
• What determines the properties of matter?
• The arrangement of atoms
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Scribble on a piece of paper
• What is graphite made of?– Layers of Carbon – Element #6
• Graphite comes off in layers
• It is soft – that is why it comes off
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Another Substance Made of Carbon
• What is another substance made of Carbon?
• Graphite = Carbon
• Coal = Carbon
• Charcoal = Carbon
• Diamond = Carbon
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Cut Down Trees
• What happens when we cut down trees?
• Smolder trees?
• Left with Carbon
• Compact Carbon together and we get bricks.
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The Difference…
• The difference between pencil graphite and diamond is the arrangement of atoms.
• Manmade diamonds are industrial made – used on drill bits, saws, etc
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Bucky Ball
• Newly discovered molecular structure of carbon
• No uses for it yet
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Phases of Matter
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Phases of MatterPhases Of Matter
Definite Volume
Shape Motion of Particles
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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Solid
• Does a solid have a definite volume?
• Yes
• A definite shape?
• Yes
• Motion of particles?
• Yes
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Phases Of Matter
Definite Volume
Shape Motion of Particles
Solid Yes Yes Vibrate
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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Liquid
• Blue liquid in syringe
• Can I compress it?
• No
• Therefore definite volume
• Pouring liquid out
• Definite shape?
• No
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Phases Of Matter
Definite Volume
Shape Motion of Particles
Solid Yes Yes Vibrate
Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact
Gas
Plasma
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Gas• Balloon• Push and squeeze it• Will it move?• Yes• Therefore, no definite shape• Put air in syringe• Can I compress it?• Yes• Therefore, empty space in between particles and
no definite volume
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Phases Of Matter
Definite Volume
Shape Motion of Particles
Solid Yes Yes Vibrate
Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact
Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact
Plasma
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Plasma• Examples of plasma• Sun• Stars• Only exists at high temperatures• Definite Volume?• Yes• Definite Shape?• No• Speed of molecules?• Very Very Fast
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Phases Of Matter
Definite Volume
Shape Motion of Particles
Solid Yes Yes Vibrate
Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact
Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact
Plasma Yes No Very Very Fast
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Physical Change• What is it?• When matter undergoes a change in size, shape, or
phase.• Rip paper• Twist paper• You still have paper• Blow up balloon – size change, shape change.• Pop it – still a balloon• Did it change chemically?• No
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More Examples
• Paper torn –• Size and shape• Balloons Blown up• Size and shape• Roads• Size and shape• Boiled Water • Liquid water into gas
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Chemical Change
• A new substance formed with new properties• Paper • Color, texture, odor, shape, volume, mass• What is rust?• Iron and Oxygen• Limestone and Acid• Gas (Bubbles)
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Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
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Properties of a Compound• The components of a compound do not retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt - NaCl - is absolutely essential to life.
• It takes a large amount of energy to separate the components of a compound.
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Examples of a Compound
• Water - H2O
• Salt - NaCl
• Sugar - C12H22O11
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Properties of Mixtures
• Each of its components retains its characteristic properties.
• Its components are easily separated.
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Examples of Mixtures
• Air• Soil• Ocean Water