matter mixtures solutions. matter and energy the big bang
TRANSCRIPT
Matter
Mixtures
Solutions
Matter and Energy
The Big Bang
Formation of Matter• Big Bang Time, Space, Energy – Light• Quarks and Gluons (E=MC2)• 10-6 seconds Hadrons – Protons, Neutrons• 105 years Atoms - Hydrogen, Helium• Billions of years – Stars, Heavier Elements,
Molecules (Carbon, Oxygen, Water)• 1010 years Substances – Our Sun, Earth,
Rocks• DNA, Proteins• Life – Plants , Animals• 13,500,000,000 years - Us
Four States of Matter
Solid Liquid
Gas Plasma
Solid
A solid has a definite shape and volume. Examples of solids include ice (solid water), a bar of steel, and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
Liquid
A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container.
Examples of liquids include water and oil.
Gas
A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Examples of gases are air, oxygen, and helium.
PlasmaPlasma has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Plasma often is seen in ionized gases. Plasma is distinct from a gas because it possesses unique properties. Free electrical charges (not bound to atoms or ions) cause plasma to be electrically conductive. Plasma may be formed by heating and ionizing a gas.
Stars are made of plasma. Lightning is plasma. You can find plasma inside fluorescent lights and neon signs.
Microscopic PropertiesDifferent States of Water
• Solid: Ice
• Liquid: Water
• Gas: Water Vapor
Mixtures
• Combination of two or more substances in which the individual substances do not lose their physical or chemical properties.
• Individual components can be physically separated.
Solutions
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these.
Homogeneous: of uniform structure or composition throughout
Solution Components
Solute: Substance dissolved in a given solution
Solvent: Substance that dissolves a solute
Sodium Chloride (Salt) Crystal
Water Molecule
Solubility
• The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
• Exothermic process: Gives of heat
• Endothermic process: Requires heat input
Solubility As A Function of Temperature
Solutions – Separation of Solute from Solvent