matter ice-water granite brass air salt water milk oil-water
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Solution Propertieswt% Freezing Pt. [oC] Density [g/mL] Viscosity [mPa sec]0.0 0.00 0.99821 1.0020.5 -0.15 0.9988 1.0101.0 -0.30 0.9995 1.0202.0 -0.61 1.0007 1.0483.0 -0.92 1.0019 1.0744.0 -1.24 1.0032 1.0995.0 -1.58 1.0044 1.1256.0 -1.91 1.0057 1.153
Distilled Spirit Ferment Notes
Brandy Grapes, apple, pear Distilled Wine(Cognac is double distilled in a pot still)
Whisky Barley, malted barley, rye, wheat, corn
Distilled and Aged in a Wooden Cask
Bourbon Mash greater than 51% maize Distilled and Aged in New, Charred Oak Cask(Straight Bourbon is aged at least 2 years)
Gin Grapes, sugar beets, sugarcane Neutral Grain Spirit with Juniper Berries added and Redistilled
Vodka Grain, potatoes, molasses Multiply Distilled
Distillation of Crude Oil
Medium Heavy Crude
Fraction # C’s BP Range
Natural Gas 1 - 4 Below 20
Petroleum Ether 5 – 6 30 – 60
Ligroin 7 60 – 90
Straight-Run Gasoline 6 - 12 85 – 200
Kerosene 12 - 15 200 – 300
Fuel Oil 15 - 18 300 – 400
Lubricating OilParaffin WaxAsphalt
16 - 24 Above 400