PHASES OF MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER?

Anything that occupies SPACE and has MASS.

Everything we see around us are MATTER.

3 PHASES

MATTER

OF

A phase is a distinct and homogeneous state of a system with no visible boundary separating it into parts.

Conversion between these states is called a phase transition.

SOLIDS

A solid is matter in which the molecules are very close together and cannot move around.

LIQUIDS

A liquid is matter in which the molecules are close together and move around slowly.

GASES

A gas is matter in which the molecules are widely separated, move around freely, and move at high speeds.

Summary of the characteristics of Solid liquid and gas

gas liquid solidassumes the shape and

volume of its container

assumes the shape of the part of the

container which it occupies 

retains a fixed volume and

shape 

compressible  not easily compressible 

not easily compressible 

flows easily  flows easily  does not flow easily 

ARE THERE ONLY 3 PHASES OF MATTER????

4th phase of matter PLASMA

5th Phase of matter- BEC or Bose-Einstein Liquid condensate

PLASMA

Eventually, given enough heat, the electrons and nucleus become separated and into positively, charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

This group or cluster of ions and electrons is known as a plasma.

PLASMA particles are VERY EXCITED PARTICLES.

Sir William Crookes, an English physicist, identified a fourth state of matter, now called plasma, in 1879.

EXAMPLES OF PLASMA

An aurora  is a natural light display in the sky particularly in the high latitude (Arctic and Antarctic) regions, caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere 

Modern plasma lamps are a family of light sources that generate light by exciting a plasma inside a closed transparent burner or bulb using radio frequency (RF) power. AURORA BOREALIS

PLASMA LAMP

BEC OR BOSE-EINSTEIN LIQUID CONDENSATE

In 1995, two scientists, Eric AllinCornell and Carl Weiman, finally created the condensate

 Two other scientists, Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein, had predicted it in the 1920s, but they didn't have the equipment and facilities to make it happen at that time.

They are super unexcited and super cold atoms. 

HOW CAN PARTICLES BE EXCITED??

Remember these pictures

MATTER HAS ENERGY