matsol presentation - sentence frames
TRANSCRIPT
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Sentence Frames to Promote Critical
Thinking & Access Background Knowledge
Melissa DaPonte Katz, Ed.M.MATSOL 2013
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● Terms sometimes used interchangeably
● Both valuable for ELLs
Sentence Stems vs.
Sentence FramesWhich is it?
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Sentence Stemsgenerally encourage students to complete
a thought in an open-ended way
●If I had three wishes...
●My favorite animal is...
●My ideal vacation would be...
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Sentence Framesteach language patterns and provide the linguistic structure to speak or write
about a topic or concept
● One similararity between _____ and _____ is _____. One difference between _____ and ______ is _____.
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Why Use Frames?
Academic Proficiency
● Provide structural supports for thinking, speaking and writing, quickly moving ELLs beyond “the basics” to higher-order thought processes
● Elevate class discussions
● Promote oral language development, which plays a key role in reading comprehension
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Why Use Frames?
Language Proficiency
● Provide linguistic scaffolding to balance cognitive demands with language demands
● Enable students to see the patterns in language
● Help students build internal templates for expressive language (not a crutch)
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Benefits
● Enable teachers to model what a good response looks like
● Help students make meaning by tying ideas together
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Using Frames With Visual Aids
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Benefits of FramesStudent Perspective
● Bring ELLs into the discussion from the beginning
● Build confidence & decrease anxiety about being called on and knowing what to say
● Allow students to focus on the content and concepts and on the background knowledge they bring
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How can I Include Frames in My ESL setting?
● Push-in: Portable sentence strips or fold-out display board
● Classroom: Language posted on walls
● Both: Small sheet taped your ELLs' desks or notebook
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Building Bridges to What Students Know
Despite all they bring, ELLs typically have:
● Decreased opportunities to discuss topics in English and hear associated vocabulary and sentence structures outside of school
● Decreased opportunities to connect what they already know (background knowledge) to topics raised at school
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Introducing Vocabulary
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How Can I Integrate Frames Into My Lesson Plans?
Sentence frames can be used
● across content areas● during partner work: "Turn-and-Talk"● for prompts in writing journals● activation or closing activity (ticket out)● assessment: determine understanding of a
complex concept or skill without interference from language differences
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Using Frames With Graphic Organizers and Other Visuals
● With visuals, students may get the concept, but are they able to articulate what they know?
● By keeping language demands down, mental space and energy are freed up to take in higher-level concepts.
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Introducing Vocabulary
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Background Knowledge
● Introduce new vocabulary by linking to background knowledge
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Introducing Vocabulary
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Introducing Vocabulary
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Reader Response
●Students respond to text while demonstrating key comprehension skills and strategies
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Before Reading: Turn & Talk to Predict & Connect
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After Reading: Turn & Talk, Author’s Purpose
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After Reading: Determine Genre With Partners
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Go Back to Text: Give Genre Details
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Cause & Effect: Find Examples in the Text
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Compare & Contrast With Partners
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Additional ResourcesLiteracyMalden
●http://literacymalden.wikispaces.com/Oral+Language (contains list of stems and frames)
●http://literacymalden.wikispaces.com/Higher+Order+Thinking
●http://literacymalden.wikispaces.com/QuestionAnswerRelationships
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Presenter Information
I hold an Ed.M. from the Harvard Graduate School of Education and a B.A. in Writing. I currently teach ESL K-8 in Malden and have previously worked as a journalist and as a writer/editor at the Education Alliance at Brown University.