mats lindroos future r&d: beta-beam mats lindroos

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Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

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Page 1: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Future R&D: beta-beam

Mats Lindroos

Page 2: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Production

• Test of target prototypes at e.g. TRIUMF (ISAC facility).

• Prototyping of a ring with ionization cooling for production of beta-beam isotopes.– C. Rubbia et co-workers (NIM A, In press),

for production of radioactive ions and with long. and trans. cooling

– Proposal by Y. Mori, NIM A 562(2006)591, for neutrons (and RIB) with trans. cooling using an FFAG.

Page 3: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Production ring with ionization cooling

Page 4: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

A new approach

Beam cooling with ionisation losses – C. Rubbia, A Ferrari, Y. Kadi and V. Vlachoudis in NIM A, In press

“Many other applications in a number of different fieldsmay also take profit of intense beams of radioactive ions.”

7Li(d,p)8Li6Li(3He,n)8B

7Li6Li

Missed opportunities

Page 5: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Transverse cooling in paper by Carlo Rubbia et al.

“In these conditions, like in the similar case of the synchrotron radiation, the transverse emittance will converge to zero. In the case of ionisation cooling, a finite equilibrium emittance is due to the presence of the multiple Coulomb scattering.”

Page 6: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Longitudinal cooling in paper by Carlo Rubbia et al.

“In order to introduce a change in the dU/dE term — making it positive in order to achieve longitudinal cooling — the gas target may be located in a point of the lattice with a chromatic dispersion. The thickness of the foil must be wedge-shaped in order to introduce an appropriate energy loss change, proportionally to the displacement from the equilibrium orbit position.”

Number of turns

1) Without wedge, dU/dE<0

2) Wedge with dU/dE=0, no longitudinal cooling

3) Wedge with dU/dE=0.0094

4) Electrons, cooling through synchrotron radiation

Page 7: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Inverse kinematics production and ionisation parameters in paper by Carlo Rubbia et al.

7Li(d,p)8Li6Li(3He,n)8B

Page 8: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Collection in paper by Carlo Rubbia et al.

“The technique of using very thin targets in order to produce secondary neutral beams has been in use for many years. Probably the best known and most successful source of radioactive beams is ISOLDE.”

Protons

+/- 8V500A

+/- 9V1000A

*

Page 9: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Reactions of interest for our application

• 27Al(4He,n)30P ?– D.J.Frantsvog et al, PRC 25(1982)770: 8.8-15.8 MeV, 480(50) mb

• 14N(2H,n)15O ?– S.Takacs et al, NIM/B,211(2003) 169

• 24Mg(3He,2H)25Al ?– D.J.Frantsvog et al, PRC 25(1982)770: 7.2-15.3 MeV, 430(70) mb

Page 10: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

6He production from 9Be(n,)

• Converter technology preferred to direct irradiation (heat transfer and efficient cooling allows higher power compared to insulating BeO).

• 6He production rate is ~2x1013 ions/s (dc) for ~200 kW on target.

Converter technology: (J. Nolen, NPA 701 (2002) 312c)

20 March 2006 EURISOL – Task #3T. Stora, CERN

Conceptual design of the dual converter-BeO target

• Be (n,) 6He

Page 11: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

ISAC at TRIUMF: First high power ISOL facility!

Page 12: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Ionization and Bunching

• Test of all concepts for efficient ionization and bunching.

Page 13: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

60 GHz « ECR Duoplasmatron » for gaseous RIB

Very high densitymagnetized plasma

ne ~ 1014 cm-3

2.0 – 3.0 T pulsed coils or SC coils

60-90 GHz / 10-100 KW10 –200 µs / = 6-3 mm

optical axial coupling

optical radial (or axial) coupling(if gas only)

1-3 mm100 KV

extractionUHF windowor « glass » chamber (?)

Target

Rapid pulsed valve ?

20 – 100 µs20 – 200 mA

1012 per bunchwith high efficiency

Small plasmachamber ~ 20 mm / L ~ 5 cm

Arbitrary distanceif gas

P.Sortais et al.

Page 14: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

cryogenictraptarget

largeplasma chamber

efficient pumping(minimize charge exchange)

+ 20 kV

multi electrodesystem

28 GHz+

37 GHz(15 kW)

5 T 2.5 T

Source scheme

D. Hitz, CEA

Page 15: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

injectionside extraction

side2 to 4 central coils

hexapolar radial field

or dodecapolar radial fieldfor a better emittance

several central coils for a good confinement nearby injection side and worse confinement at extraction side

Magnets

Page 16: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Accumulation

• Design of accumulation ring

Page 17: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Accumulation at 400 MeV/u

2 4 6 8 10

Accumulationtime

21018

41018

61018

81018

11019

1.2 1019

Annualrate 6HeT1/2=1.67 s

T1/2=17 s

T1/2=0.67 s

Page 18: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

The annual rate

• The annual rate at the EURISOL beta-beam facility is a factor of two below the annual rate assumed in most calculation– Is it possible to re-gain this missing

factor of two within the present base-line?

Page 19: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

High gamma beta-beam

Gamma Rigidity[Tm]

Ring length T=5 Tf=0.36

Dipole Fieldrho=300 mLength=6885m

100 938 4916 3.1

150 1404 6421 4.7

200 1867 7917 6.2

350 3277 12474 10.9

500 4678 17000 15.6Civil engineering

Magnet R&D

New SPS

Page 20: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Summary

Project Subjects Cost Other communities

Production •Production ring•Target tests

5-25 MEuro10-50 FTE

Nuclear Astrophysics, Hadron therapy

Ionization and bunching

•60 GHz ECR (2 types)•BNL EBIS?

5-10 MEuro5-10 FTE

Nuclear physics

Machine studies •HI acceleration•Accumulation•Higher gamma beta-beam

5-10 FTE Heavy ion physics, Nuclear physics

Page 21: Mats Lindroos Future R&D: beta-beam Mats Lindroos

Mats Lindroos

Conclusions

– We need a larger beta-beam machine study community

– For a fair comparison with neutrino factories we need to study the limits of the concept starting at “study 1”.• Green field study

– Neutrino beams at CERN• Difficult to convince management that

they should invest NOW in a neutrino beam study

• Feeling that the decision is far away• Radiation safety aspects a concern