materials for csp receivers - dlr portalelib.dlr.de/92397/1/liege conference fend 2014.pdf ·...
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Materials for CSP receiversState-of-the-art, R&D requirements and future options
Thomas Fend, German Aerospace Center
10th Liège Conference on Materials for Advanced Power EngineeringSeptember 14th – 17th, 2014Liège, Belgium
www.DLR.de • Chart 1 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
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Outline
• Introduction to CSP• Parabolic Trough technology
• Indirect HTF loop (oil)• Direct steam• Indirect HTF loop (liquid salt)
• Tower technology• Direct steam• Molten salt steam• Volumetric air• Solar gas turbine
www.DLR.de • Chart 2 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
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CSP: Concentrated Solar Power
www.DLR.de • Chart 3 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Electr.Solarirradiation
Heat
Solar fieldPowerplant
Grid
FuelProcess heat
- optional thermal storage - hybrid operation - heat extraction for process heat, cooling, desalination
StorageStorageStorageStorageStorage
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www.DLR.de • Chart 4 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Solar tower (SNL)
Dish-Stirling (SBP) Linear Fresnel (MAN/SPG)
Up
to10
00°
C G
as tu
rbin
es
Up
to 5
50°
C s
team
turb
ines
Parabolic trough (PSA)
CSP: Concentrated Solar Power
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CSP world map
Worldwidein operation: 4,2 GWforecast 2020: 15,5 GWforecast 2050: 1070 GW
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Parabolic Trough Technology: Indirect with Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)
www.DLR.de • Chart 6 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Source: Solar Millennium AG
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Parabolic Trough Technology indirect HTF:Absorber Tube
www.DLR.de • Chart 7 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Source: Schott Solar
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www.DLR.de • Chart 8 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Parabolic Trough Technology indirect HTF: Status Quo
Technology Readiness Level (TRL): high, >25 plants commercially operatedSuppliers: Schott, Archimede, Solel…Temperatures: T < 400°CMaterials: Iron based standard alloys
Further developments:‐ Direct Steam Generation (T < 550°C)‐ Liquid salt as HTF (T< 550°C)Required research action:‐ Qualification‐ Lifetime prediction
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Tower Technology: Direct Steam Generation
www.DLR.de • Chart 9 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
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www.DLR.de • Chart 10 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
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Tower Technology: Direct Steam Generation
www.DLR.de • Chart 11 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
TRL: high: 2 plants commerciallyoperating
Suppliers: AbengoaSteam Temp.: T =280°CMaterials: Iron based alloys
Further developments:‐ Larger plants (Khi Solar one, 50 MW)‐ Higher temperatures (superheated steam) ‐ Increase storage capacityRequired research action:‐ Improved absorber tubes (thermal
conductivity, heat transfer)
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Tower Technology: Molten Salt System
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Tower Technology: Molten Salt System
www.DLR.de • Chart 13 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Foto: Torresol
material load parameters: pressure: ambient max. temp.: ~ 620C (film) max. heat load: ~ 800kW/m²
dynamic operation: wall temp.: 2.8K/sec
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www.DLR.de • Chart 14 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Molten Salt System
TRL: high, 1 plant commerciallyoperating
Suppliers: Fine Tubes, Sener, Temperatures: T < 620°CMaterials: Iron based alloys
Further developments:‐ Higher Temperatures
Required research action:‐ Lifetime issues‐ Innovative heat transfer fluids
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www.DLR.de • Chart 15 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Volumetric Air Receiver
0.02 m²
> 100 m²
0.57 m² 5.7 m²
gas
volumetric receiver
concentratedsolar radiation ~ 1000 kW/m
2
Bild: KAM
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www.DLR.de • Chart 16 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Volumetric Air Receiver:Improved Porous Receiver Materials
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Tower Technology: Volumetric Air Receiver
www.DLR.de • Chart 17 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
TRL: middle, 1 experimental plantSuppliers: SGIK, Kraftanlagen München Temperatures: 600°C < T < 1000°CMaterials: Porous Silicon Carbide,
standard high temperaturesteel, nickel base alloys
Further developments:‐ Higher efficiencies, higher cell densities
lower costs
Required research action:‐ Improved receiver geometry‐ Lifetime issues
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Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
www.DLR.de • Chart 18 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
[1] Kribus et al., A solar driven cc power plant, Solar Energy 62, no 2, p 121‐129, 1998[2] Röger, Marc: EnerMENA Video Tutorials, Solar Tower Technology
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www.DLR.de • Chart 19 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
• Absorption• Conductive thermal resistance in
tube wall• Convective thermal resistance
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www.DLR.de • Chart 20 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
• Increased heat transfer surface• Enhanced heat transfer by gradation
in radial direction• Thermal properties of porous
material needed• Proposed by Korean/Swiss/German
consortium in the project CMC4CSP
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www.DLR.de • Chart 21 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
• Increased heat transfer surface• Enhanced heat transfer by gradation
in radial direction• Thermal properties of porous
material needed• Proposed by Korean/Swiss/German
consortium in the project CMC4CSP
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www.DLR.de • Chart 22 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
• Increased heat transfer surface• Enhanced heat transfer by gradation
in radial direction• Thermal properties of porous
material needed• Proposed by Korean/Swiss/German
consortium in the project CMC4CSP
T fluid6 105 Pa530 °C porous in-lay
398 W
regular tube115 W
„Power on Aperture“ (@400 kW/m²): 800 W
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www.DLR.de • Chart 23 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date
Tower Technology: Solar Gas Turbine
TRL: low, technologydemonstrated
Suppliers: EnginCerTemperatures: 800°C < T < 1300°CMaterials: Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Further developments:‐ Higher Temperatures‐ Up‐scaling , larger demonstration plants‐ Solar only operation
Required research action:‐ Improved receiver materials‐ System integration
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