materials and testing · performance testing – 90s tests developed in support of mechiihanistic...
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MATERIALS AND TESTINGMATERIALS AND TESTINGPAST, PRESENT, & FUTURE
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M t i l & T tiMaterials & TestingPresentation Committee
Frank Fee – NuStar Asphalt Refining, LLCJohn Bukowski – FHWARamond Bonaquist – AAT, LLCRandy West – NCATHarold Von Quintus – ARA, Inc.
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OverviewPast, Present & Future
Asphalt BindersMix DesignMix DesignEngineering Property/Performance TestingQuality AssuranceQuality Assurance
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Past: ’70s ’80sIntroduction – The PastPast: ’70s – ’80sEmpirical procedures in place.p p p
Penetration & Viscosity grading of binder. Marshall & Hveemmixture Marshall & Hveemmixture design.
Changes occur.Mid ’70s – oil embargo .Radial tires; contact pressures increase.increase.
Agencies report more rutting & Agencies report more rutting & cracking cracking –– ““They have taken They have taken the sticky outthe sticky out ””the sticky outthe sticky out..
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Asphalt Bindersp
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Past: ’80s ’90sAsphalt Binders
Past: ’80s – ’90sPen & Vis. grading.g gSHRP authorized to fundamentally fundamentally understand asphalt.
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Past: ’90s ’00sAsphalt Binders
Past: ’90s – ’00s
DSR d BBR DSR and BBR ; Tests to measure fundamental fundamental properties of the binder binder. Performance‐Graded (PG) Graded (PG) specification.
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Asphalt BindersPresentPresent FHWA ALFFHWA ALFPresentPresentAPT for validating effects of binder &
FHWA ALFFHWA ALF
effects of binder & engineering binders for better for better performance.NCAT T t T kNCAT T t T k R
ut Dep
NCAT Test TrackNCAT Test Trackpth, m
m
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P t
Asphalt Binders
Present:MSCR & SSAT to measure MSCR & SSAT to measure rutting and cracking potential of binderspotential of binders.Fundamental
d t di f h understanding of how RAP & modified binders
k i th i t work in the mix to improve quality &
fperformance.
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Present:Asphalt Binders
Present:
Binder additives for Binder additives for lower mix and compaction compaction temperatures for a more sustainable more sustainable product with longer life .
2 % RAP i i h PG 6 22 WM bi de
25% RAP mix with PG 76-22 WM binder placed in NJ in Nov. @ 270˚F mix
Avg. in-place air voids = 4.9%g p
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The Future:Asphalt Binders
The Future:
Increased/Expanded use of RAP, RAS, pWMA, & PMA.
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The FutureAsphalt BindersThe Future
Hybrid/bio asphalts using Hybrid/bio asphalts using non‐petroleum bases.
Tests that provide l t h t i ti complete characterization
of different binders for all li ti t id applications to provide
maximum benefit (RAS, GTR Pl ti t )GTR, Plastics, etc.).
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Mix Designg
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Past: ’70s ‐ ’80sMix Design
Past: 70s 80sMarshallHHveemMix Compaction
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Past: ’80s – ’90sMix Design
Past: 80s 90sAAMASGyratory Compaction; COE & TexasFundamental Mixture Tests
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Past: ’90s – ’00sMix Design
Past: 90s 00sSuperior Performing Asphalt PavementRestricted zoneVolumetric propertiesTorture tests
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PresentMix Design
PresentAsphalt Institute SP‐2 and AASHTO Standards
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PresentMix Design
Present
Superpave Gyratory CompactorAggregate propertiesNdesignNdesign
Internal angleVolumetric propertiesVolumetric properties
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The Future:Asphalt Binders
The Future:
Increased/Expanded use of RAP, RAS, pWMA, & PMA.
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The Future:Mix Design
The Future:
Increased use of RAP, RAS, WMA, & PMA.
NCHRP 9‐33: Mix Design 9 33 gManual for HMAProcedures for dense, gap, , g p,& open‐graded mixesDesign VMA values gDesign gyration levelsHMA performance testsp
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Mix DesignThe Future:The Future:Accommodate new materialsIncorporate new tests
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or
Engineering Property/g g p yPerformance Testing
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Past: ’80s ’90sPerformance Testing
Past: 80s – 90sTests developed in support of
h i i d imechanistic pavement designDynamic modulusUniaxial creep Early |E*| Test, AAPT Vol. Uniaxial creepIndirect tensile strength, creep, and modulus
y | |33, 1964
Repeated load permanent deformationFlexural fatigue
Testing was cumbersome and i d l d t l i
Strip Chart Recorder , AAPT V l 39 1970required manual data analysis Vol. 39, 1970
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Past: ’90s ’00sPerformance TestingPast: 90s – 00sSHRP performance testsSSTIDTFlexural Fatigue
Wheel‐tracking devicesSuperpave shear test
Georgia Loaded Wheel TesterHamburg Wheel‐Tracking D iDeviceAPA
Original Georgia Loaded Wheel Tester, NCHRP Report 508
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Present:Performance TestingPresent:AASHTO MEPDGAsphalt Mixture Performance Tester
New fracture & fatigue testsfatigue tests
Disk shaped
Semi-Circular Bend T t MNDOT
Disk-shaped Compact Tension, University of
Test, MNDOTIllinois
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The Future:Performance TestingThe Future:Virtual testing/Image analysis.
X-ray Computed Tomography, Texas A&M University
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Quality Assurancey
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Past:Quality AssurancePast:■ Asphalt Content■ Gradation; sieve analysis
Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction
■ Gradation; sieve analysis■ Volumetric Analysis
Disposal of Disposal of TerpeneTerpeneSolventSolvent
VolumetricVolumetricVolumetric Volumetric PropertiesProperties
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Quality AssurancePast:Past:■ Temperature■ In Place Density
CoresCores
■ In Place Density■ Smoothness
TemperatureTemperatureTemperature Temperature GunGun
Nuclear Density Nuclear Density GaugeGauge
Dial Dial ProfilographProfilographThermometersThermometers
ProfilographProfilograph
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Quality AssurancePresent:Present:■ Asphalt Content■ Gradation■ Gradation■ Volumetric Analysis
NCAT Ignition OvenNCAT Ignition OvenSuperpaveSuperpave Gyratory Gyratory
CompactionCompaction
gg
Computers in QC Computers in QC LabsLabsLabsLabs
Statistical Based Specs.Statistical Based Specs.
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Quality Assurance Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Density GaugeDensity GaugePresent:Present:
■ Temperature■ In Place Density■ In Place Density
Infrared Bar on a Paver ScreedInfrared Bar on a Paver ScreedInfrared CameraInfrared Camera
Infrared Bar on a Paver ScreedInfrared Bar on a Paver Screed
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Quality AssurancePresent:Present:■ Smoothness
Lightweight Profiler
Ultra- Lightweight Inertial Profiler
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Quality AssuranceThe Future:The Future:
Automated Gradation
UnitUnit
Image Analysis of Aggregate
Automated Asphalt
Portable Seismic Portable Seismic AnalyzerAnalyzer Asphalt
Viscosity Probe
AnalyzerAnalyzer
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Quality AssuranceThe Future:The Future:■ Asphalt Content
D itAutomated Pavement Condition Automated Pavement Condition
Survey VehicleSurvey Vehicle
■ Density■ Thickness
FullFull--lane Highlane High--Speed Ground Speed Ground Penetrating RadarPenetrating Radar
■ Smoothness■ Texture■ Texture■ Condition