maswavleblis wigni -...

qarTuli ena daliteratura

gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi 2012

maswavleblis wigni

11

naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

©, n. kucia, n. maRlakeliZe

uak

qarTuli ena da literatura

XI klasi

maswavleblis wigni

nana kucia, naTela maRlakeliZeavtorebi:

nino Toduaredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

ISBN

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 39-15-22

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

N. Kutsia, N. Maglakelidze`Georgian language and literature~, the book of the teacher 11, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

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Sinaarsi:

saxelmZRvanelos struqturamaswavleblis wignis struqturaprograma-silabusis nimuSiliteraturuli komentarebi:1. al. WavWavaZe _ „gogCa“2. grigol orbeliani _ `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~3. nikoloz baraTaSvili _ „merani“4. al. yazbegi _ „xevisberi goCa“5. vaJa-fSavelas poemebi:

a)`baxtrioni~ b)„aluda qeTelauri“g)„stumar-maspinZeli“`gadarebT mzesTana~ _ qalTa saxeebi vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi

meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis:

saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: 1) `moswavlis wigni~ _ qarTuli ena da literatura, XI klasi, da 2) `maswavleblis wigni~ _ literaturuli da meToduri komentarebi.

saxelmZRvanelos struqtura

`moswavlis wigni~ _ qarTuli ena da literatura, XI klasi, Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs daicvas is moTxovnebi, rac gaTval-iswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. aq warmod-genilia sakiTxavi (qrestomaTiuli) masala saTanado meToduri aparatiT.

a) sakiTxavi masala _ mis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixed-viT gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo literatura:

1. aleqsandre WavWavaZe _ `gogCa~2. grigol orbeliani _ `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~3. gr. orbeliani _ `saRamo gamosalmebisa~4. n. baraTaSvili _ `xma idumali~5. n. baraTaSvili _ `sulo boroto~6. n. baraTaSvili _ `vpove taZari~7. n. baraTaSvili _ `SemoRameba mTawmindazed~8. n. baraTaSvili _ `merani~9. ilia WavWavaZe _ `mgzavris werilebi~10. ilia WavWavaZe _ `zogierTi ram~11. ilia WavWavaZe _ `bednieri eri~12. ilia WavWavaZe _ `kacia adamiani?!~13. ilia WavWavaZe _ `oTaraanT qvrivi~14. ilia WavWavaZe _ `gandegili~15. ̀ TaobaTa brZola~ (ilia WavWavaZe ̀ oriode sityva...~, gr. orbeliani ̀ pasuxi SvilTa~,

ilia WavWavaZe `pasuxis pasuxi~)16. akaki wereTeli _ `aRmarT-aRmarT~17. akaki wereTeli _ `qebaTa qeba~18. akaki wereTeli _ `gamzrdeli~

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19. al. yazbegi _ `xevisberi goCa~20. vaJa-fSavela _ àluda qeTelauri~21. vaJa-fSavela _ `stumar-maspinZeli~22. vaJa-fSavela _ `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~23. vaJa-fSavela _ `kritika ipolite varTagavasi~24. vaJa-fSavela _ `baxtrioni~

sakiTxavi masalis nawili (40%) SerCeulia Cven mier. vecadeT, rom igi Tematurad da Janrobrivad dagvekavSirebina savaldebulo teqstebTan. es aris:

1. Tengiz verulava _ `gogCa~ (aleqsandre WavWavaZes _ mxatvruli ese)2. jorj gordon baironi _ `hgodebdeT~3. persi biSi Seli _ òda dasavleTis qarisadmi~3. jibran xalil jibrani _ ìeso Ze kacisa~ (nawyveti: `petre _ mezoblis Sesaxeb~)4. solomon brZeni _ `qebaTa qeba~5. prosper merime _ `mateo falkone~6. nikoloz gogoli _ `taras bulba~7. akaki baqraZe _ `maradisobis rRveva~ (kritikuli werili)8. jibran xalil jibrani _ `deda da Svili~

rogorc am CamonaTvalidan Cans, saswavlo masalad SerCeulia sxvadasxva tipis te-qstebi, romlebic davalageT qronologiis principiT (Tumca zogjer es principi dar-Rveulia literaturuli paralelebis gasavlebad). ZiriTadad warmodgenilia me-19 sau-kunis qarTuli klasikuri literatura, mxatvruli paralelebisaTvis ki gamoyenebulia rogorc sazRvargareTis mwerlobis, ise _ Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturuli kri-tikis saukeTeso nimuSebi, rac, Cveni azriT, xels Seuwyobs Sesaswavli masalis saTanado konteqstSi gaazrebas.

b) meToduri aparati _ sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqti-uri meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriT, kiTxvis strategiebis dauflebas, meore mxriT ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (eqsplicituri _ faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), gaviaz-roT, SevafasoT (implicituri _ analizze, Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).

literaturul teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia warmodgenili mxatvruli stilis sakiTxe-bic, rac gulisxmobs rogorc mwerlis enobriv TaviseburebebSi garkvevas (es teqstis marTebulad aRqmis erT-erTi aucilebeli komponentia), aseve _ saTanado sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. saxelmZRvaneloSi am mizniT calke gaxlavT gamoyofili kiTx-vebi teqstis mxatvruli analizisaTvis, aqvea mocemuli davalebebi da garkveuli reko-mendaciebi.

sagangebo yuradReba eqceva aseve funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTad TaviseburebebSi garkvevas. igulisxmeba, rom am etapze moswavle ZiriTadad ukve dauflebulia enis komunikaciur aspeqtebsa da funqcionaluri gramatikis sakiTxebs, amitomac ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT me-11 klasSi wina planze gaxlavT wamoweuli zepiri da weriTi metyvelebis iseTi sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa: sajaro moxsenebis (zepiri gamosvlis) warmodgena konkretuli auditoriis winaSe konkretuli mizniT, sajaro gamosvlebis mosmena da kritikulad Se-faseba, sajaro gamosvlis efeqtianobis gasaZlierebeli saSualebebis amocnoba da gamoy-eneba, zepiri komunikaciis strategiebis gamoyeneba sajaro gamosvlis momzadebis dros... mxatvruli nawarmoebis werilobiT gaanalizeba, sxvadasxva saxis eses dawera, recenziis dawera wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze, sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli te-qstebis SeTxzva, sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis adekvaturad gamoyeneba... am unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas emsaxureba sax-elmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili rubrika: `metyvelebis kultura~, romlis mizania disku-

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siis xelovnebis daufleba („sadiskusio klubi“) da sxvadasxva saxis werilobiTi teqstebis ageba (mxatvruli ese, dargobrivi teqstebi, gamoxmaureba, recenzia, reziume, Tezisebi...)

wignSi aseve calke rubrikebis saxiT aris mocemuli „Tvalsazrisi“ _ amonaridebi cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan _ da „es sainteresoa“ _ Sesaswavl masalasTan daka-vSirebuli damatebiTi informacia. es, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs mkiTxvels ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas, ganuviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.

maswavleblis wignis struqtura

`maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. `maswavle-blis wignSi~ warmodgenili masala pirobiTad or nawilad SeiZleba gavyoT: a) `liter-aturuli komentarebi~ _ damxmare sainformacio da kritikuli masala pedagogisaTvis, b) `meToduri komentarebi~, romelic warmodgenilia programa-silabusis saxiT. silabusSi mocemuli saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa da ara _ savaldebulo. maswavlebels Seu-Zlia misi Secvla klasis saerTo donisa da Tavisi Sexedulebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

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programa-silabusi nimuSi

sagani _ qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi _ me-11

pedagogi _

kursis moculoba _ 170 akademiuri saaTi (34 samuSao kvira, 5 kvireuli saaTi).

a) saswavlo kursis miznebi:

informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba: • sxvadasxvasaxiszepiriteqstebisanalizitonalobis,enobriv-gramatikulistruq-

turisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT; • adekvaturad,gamarTuladdadamarwmunebladmetyveleba;• wakiTxuliteqstiskonstruireba(enobrivianalizidasinTezi);• teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maTs struqturul-gramatikul Tu

stilistur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; • teqstebSimocemuligramatikulikonstruqciebisgamoyofadamaTisaTanadoin-

terpretaciiT warmodgena; • sxvadasxvatipisadastilisteqstebisgamarTuladwera;gramatikis,orTografi-

is, punqtuaciis wesebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyeneba:

• im sakomunikaciounar-Cvevebisada strategiebis ganviTareba,romlebicuzrun-velyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis, debatebis, sxvadasxva Temaze kamaTis warmarTvas;

• sxvadasxvasaxiszepiridawerilobiTiteqstebisSefasebamaTisakomunikacioamo-canis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• wakiTxulisgadamowmebadaSefasebasandoobis,aqtualurobis,popularobisadasxva kriteriumebis mixedviT;

• konkretulisakiTxisSesaswavladinformaciismoZieba, kritikuladgadamowmebada monacemTa bankis Sedgena;

• sxvadasxvamizniT,sxvadasxvaauditoriisaTvisnebismieritipiswerilobiTiteqs-tis SeTxzva.

mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva:

• argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrulteqstebSi gamovlenilimsoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb;

• literaturulnawarmoebzesubieqturimosazrebisCamoyalibebadawarmoCena;• literaturulnawarmoebebSimxatvruliazrovnebisformebisidentificireba,Se-

dareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi;• sxvadasxvaepoqisliteraturulteqstebSiasaxulkulturulfaseulobaTagaaz-

reba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;• sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseuli da

SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;• werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis

sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;

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• qarTulida msoflioliteraturuliprocesebisadauniversaluriliteratu-ruli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba.

b) saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSavebisaTvis gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):

Tema „romantizmi“

1. Sesavali mecadineoba _ msoflio romantizmi, rogorc literaturuli mimdinareo-ba; qarTuli romantizmi _ 1sT.

2. teqsti: al. WavWavaZe, biografiuli cnobebi, `gogCa~.ena: leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi.lit. Teoria: romantizmi, misi ZiriTadi niSnebi, qarTuli romantizmis specifika;

peizaJi; tropis saxeebi; lirikuli gmiri _ 3 sT.3. teqsti: Tengiz verulava _ „gogCa“ (aleqsandre WavWavaZes).ena: sityva, rogorc leqsikuri erTeuli; leqsikonebi, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi

leqsikoni, misi gamoyeneba; funqcionaluri stili _ publicisturi stili da misi maxasi-aTeblebi.

literaturis Teoria: tropi da misi saxeebi_ 2 sT.4. teqsti: gr. orbeliani, biografiuli cnobebi, `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesia-

Si~.ena: _ arqaizmebi.literaturis Teoria: simbolo, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxi _ 3 sT.5. teqstebi: gr. orbeliani, ̀ saRamo gamosalmebisa~/damatebiT „mgzavroba Cemi tfili-

sidam peterburgamdis“ (nawyveti). ena: funqcionaluri stili _ dRiuri.metyvelebis kultura: sajaro gamosvla _ monologi da misi saxeebi: leqcia, moxsene-

ba, sityva, prezentacia _ sajaro gamosvla; dialogi.lit. Teoria _ peizaJi, tropuli metyveleba _ 5 sT.

Semajamebeli mecadineoba _ 1 sT.

6. n. baraTaSvili, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.7. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `xma idumali~.ena: arqaizmebi.lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba _ 2 sT.8. teqstebi: n. baraTaSvili, `sulo boroto~, werili grigol orbelians. ena: arqaizmebi, funqcionaluri stili _ piradi werili; sasaubro da wignuri stili,

maTi maxasiaTeblebi.lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, epistolaruli Janri _ 2 sT.9. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `vpove taZari~. ena: arqaizmebi.lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba; riTma, misi saxeebi; simbolika, bibliuri saxesim-

boloebi _ 2 sT.10. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~. ena: arqaizmebi.lit. Teoria: peizaJi, tropuli metyveleba, saxesimboloebi _ 3 sT.11. teqstebi: n. baraTaSvili, `merani~, werili grigol orbelians.metyvelebis kultura: funqcionaluri stilis saxeebi, piradi werili.lit. Teoria : tropuli metyveleba, simbolika, gradacia_ 4 sT.Semajamebeli mecadineoba: qarTuli romantizmi _ 1 sT. 12. teqsti: jorj gordon baironi, biografiuli cnobebi, `hgodebdeT~ _ 2 sT.

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13. teqsti: jibran xalil jibrani, biografiuli cnobebi,`petre _ mezoblis Sesaxeb~ (nawyveti romanidan `ieso Ze kacisa~) _ 3 sT.

Semajamebeli mecadineoba: romantizmi, rogorc msoflio literaturuli mimdinareo-ba _ 1 sT.

Tema „realizmi“

1. Sesavali mecadineoba, realizmi, rogorc literaturuli mimdinareoba, qarTuli realizmis warmoSoba, misi Taviseburebani, qarTveli samocianelebi, ilia WavWavaZe, bio-grafiuli cnobebi _ 2 sT.

2. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `mgzavris werilebi~.ena: funqcionaluri stili, publicisturi teqstebi da maTi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi. metyvelebis kultura: citireba, perifrazi. lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, alegoria, mxatvruli saxe-simboloebi, literatu-

ruli personaJis daxasiaTebis xerxebi, mTavari da meorexarisxovani literatuli gmirebi _ 8 sT.

3. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `zogierTi ram~ (nawyvetebi).ena: publicisturi stili .metyvelebis kultura: literaturul-kritikuli eses ageba_ 3 sT.4. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `bednieri eri~.literaturis Teoria: satira, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis erT-erTi xerxi _ 3 sT.5. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `kacia-adamiani?!~.ena: funqcionaluri stili _ publicisturi da mxatvruli.metyvelebis kultura: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba.lit. Teoria: epigrafi, misi daniSnuleba; kontrasti; gmiris portreti _ 9sT.6. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `oTaraanT qvrivi~. metyvelebis kultura: Sedareba-SepirispirebiTi ese, teqstis organizeba, msjeloba,

argumentacia, argumenti. lit. Teoria: literaturuli personaJi da misi funqcia; mwerlis stili da misi maxa-

siaTeblebi _ 9sT.7. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `gandegili~.lit. Teoria: kontrasti, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis erT-erTi xerxi; alegoria,

simbolo; gmiris portreti _ 4 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: „ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba“ _1 sT.

8. TaobaTa brZola me-19 saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi: a) teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, „oriode sityva Tavad revaz Salvas Zis erisTavis mier ka-

zlovidgan `SeSlilis~ Targmanzeda“ (nawyveti).ena: funqcionaluri stili _ publicistika da misi enobrivi maxasaiTeblebi _3 sT.b) teqsti: gr. orbeliani `pasuxi SvilTa”.lit. Teoria: metonimia _ 3 sT.c) teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe `pasuxis pasuxi~.metyvelebis kultura: rogor movemzadoT prezentaciisaTvis (saprezentacio teqsti

_ Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvniTi nawili).lit. Teoria: pamfleti, litotesi _ 4 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: „mamebi da Svilebi“ _ 1 sT. 9. akaki wereTeli, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.10. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, „qebaTa qeba“.lit. Teoria: mxatvruli saxe-simboloebi, tropuli metyveleba, poeturi stilistika _ 3 sT.

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11. teqsti: „qebaTa-qeba solomonisa“.lit. Teoria: poeturi saxe-simboloebi, bibliuri da literaturuli paralelebi _ 3 sT.12. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, `aRmarT-aRmarT~. lit. Teoria: riTma, riTmis saxeebi, omonimuri (majamuri) riTma; poeturi saxe-simbo-

lo_ 2 sT.13. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, `gamzrdeli~.metyvelebis kultura: mizez-SedegobiTi ese, misi organizeba. lit. Teoria: lit. gmiris daxasiaTebis xerxebi _ 5 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT.

14. al. yazbegi, biografiuli cnobebi – 1 sT.15. teqsti: al. yazbegi, `xevisberi goCa~.ena: mwerlis enobriv-stilisturi Taviseburebani.lit. Teoria: tragikuli gmiris cneba _ 7 sT.16. teqsti: n. gogoli, biografiuli cnobebi, `taras bulba~.lit. Teoria: personaJis sulieri da zneobrivi portretis Seqmna _ 4 sT .17. teqsti: prosper merime, biografiuli cnobebi, `mateo falkone~, literaturuli

paralelebi _ 4 sT.18. teqsti: akaki baqraZe, „arsebobs maradisobis rRveva, anu Svilis mkvleli mama“. ena: funqcionaluri stilistikis sakiTxebi, samecniero-popularuli stili; teqstis

ageba.metyvelebis kultura: oponireba _ 4 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT. (sul 20 sT, 4 sasw. kvira).

19. vaJa-fSavela, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.20. teqstebi: vaJa-fSavela,`aluda qeTelauri~, „stumar-maspinZeli“.ena: mwerlis ena.lit. Teoria: poeturi saxe-simboloebi.metyvelebis kultura: recenzia _11 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT.

21. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi (nawyveti).ena: funqcionaluri stili. metyvelebis kultura: Tezisebi _ 3 sT.22. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `baxtrioni“.ena: mwerlis enis stiluri maxasiaTeblebi.lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, peizaJi, poeturi saxe-simboloebi _ 6 sT.23. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, „kritika b.ip. varTagavasi“.ena: funqcionaluri stili.metyvelebis kultura: reziume_ 4 sT.24. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ram Semqmna adamianad~.ena: poeturi stilistika.lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba _ 1 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili - 1 sT.

SeniSvna:

silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 30 samuSao kviraze (150 sT.). 4 samuSao kviras _ 20 saaTs _ maswavlebels vutovebT gegmiuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _ damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis.

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g) wlis bolos mosalodneli Sedegebi _ am masalis gavlis Semdeg moswavles unda SeeZlos:

XI.1. sajaro moxsenebis warmodgena (zepiri gamosvla) konkretuli auditoriis winaSe konkretuli mizniT.

XI.2. sajaro gamosvlebis mosmena da kritikulad Sefaseba.XI.3. sajaro gamosvlis efeqtianobis gasaZlierebeli saSualebebis amocnoba da gamo-

yeneba. XI.4. sajaro gamosvlis momzadebis dros zepiri komunikaciis strategiebis gamoyeneba. XI.5. sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, idee-

bisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT. XI.6. mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstis elementebis gaanalizeba da interpretireba.XI.7. mxatvruli nawarmoebis enobrivi saSualebebis gaanalizeba maTi funqcionirebis

TvalsazrisiT.XI.8. kiTxvis efeqturi strategiebis arCeva da gamoyeneba.XI.9. mxatvruli nawarmoebis werilobiT gaanalizeba. XI.10. sxvadasxva saxis eses dawera.XI.11. recenziis dawera wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.XI.12. sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli teqstebis SeTxzva. XI.13. saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis adekvaturad gamoyeneba sxvadasxva

saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.XI.14. weris strategiebis gamoyeneba naweris organizebisaTvis.

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literaturuli komentarebi

al. WavWavaZe „gogCa~

imperiis msaxurebisagan Tavisufal dros Tu stumrobda poeti gogCis (sevanis) napir-ebs _ `fiqrT gasarTvelad~, rogorc nikoloz baraTaSvili ityoda.

gogCa Turqulad lurj wyals niSnavs. qarTul wyaroebSi sevani gelaqunis tbadac ixsenieba.

sevanis mimdebare teritorias gegarquniks uwodeben. saxelwodeba unda momdinareob-des xelmwife amasis vaJis, mxedarTmTavar gegamis saxelidan.

gogCa (sevani) Zv. w.-aR-is meore-pirveli aTaswleulis mijnaze urartus saxelmwifos CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda.

imdroindel nagebobaTa dRemdis SemorCenil naSTebze urartus mefeTa _ ruse pirve-lis, argiSTi pirvelis (Zv. w. VII saukune) warwerebia.

ax. w.-aR-is merve saukuneSi sevanis tbaSi arsebul kunZulze monastrebi aigo. aqvea xaCkarebi (qva-jvrebi). aq damkvidrebuli berebi ebrZodnen arabebs, Temur-lengs, sparse-lebs.

ukanasknel berebs 1930-ian wlebSi daatovebines monastrebi.amave wlebSi tba kinaRam daSra, mikroklimati Seicvala, roca sevanis sarwyavad gamoy-

eneba scades (Армения, 1990).

***`venitas~ (wuTisoflis warmavlobiT gamowveuli sevdis) motivis saTave eklesiaste-

mde aRwevs~ (al. kalandaZe). aleqsandre WavWavaZis `gogCa~ 1841 wels daiwera, nikoloz baraTaSvilis `fiqrni mt-

kvris pirzed~ _ 1837wels.pavle ingoroyva wers: ̀ baraTaSvilis ̀ fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~ uaxloesad gansazRvravs

`gogCis tbis~ poetur tonuss. aq Cven gvaqvs naCrdili TviT poeturi mizanscenebisa~ (p. in goroyva, nikoloz baraTaSvili, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, Tb., 1983, gv. 122).

wylis simbolika ZvelTuZvelesia. heraklites miaweren cnobil gamoTqmas: `yvelaferi mdinarebs~ (yvelaferi mdinaresaviT medinia) (Словарь античности, М. , 1989, 410).

`...drosa msrvelis celiT, yovlTa warmwymediT,ciurTa mjobni mSveneblobac sxvTaebr mosTvlila!~ _ ambobs poeti.ai, bedi da WeSmariti dasasruli adamianuri arsebobisa, brwyinvalebisa, didebisa,

fufunebisa, adamianis Sromisa da cdilobisa (mcdelobisa).Zveleburad aRelvebs talRebs mxolod gogCa da Zveleburad awydeba napirs, imave

mTebSi CaZiruli, imave laJvardi cis qveS mdebare. igi ireklavs maradiuli bunebis su-raTs da exmianeba droTa brunvas, rogorc saukuneTa winaT, TviTon ucvleli.

`naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals da queyanai hgies ukunisamde. aRmoxdebis mze da daxdebis mze da adgiladve Tvisda miizidavs…~ _ ambobs eklesiastes avtori. mx-olod buneba aris maradiuli, sxva yvelaferi cvalebadia, warmavali, rasac ngreva da ganadgureba moelis. amitom aris sevda maradiuli amqveynad.

Satobriani, SeZrwunebuli vezuvis vulkanis naxviT gamowveuli STabeWdilebebiT, fi-losofiurad dafiqrebuli adamianis didebis warmavlobaze, wers: `ras niSnavs mTeli es samefoTa gadatrialebani bunebis am movlenis gverdiT, romelic saxes ucvlis dedamiwasa da zRvas? ramdenad ufro bednierni iqnebodnen adamianebi, rom amden dros ar xarjavd-nen erTmaneTis tanjvisaTvis. erTxelac ar gauxsnia vezuvis Tavisi saSineli ufskrulis xaxa qalaqebis CasanTqmelad ise, rom adamianTa Soris ar waswydomoda sisxlisa da crem-lis Rvars _ urTierTSuRliT gamowveuls. rogoria adamianTa arsebobis pirveli niSnebi, raic im vulkanis Camqral ferflSi ixiles? _ sawamebeli iaraRebi da borkilgayrili ConCxebi~ (manana kakabaZe, qarTuli romantizmis erovnuli safuZvlebi, Tb., 1983, gv. 102).

aleqsandre WavWavaZis `gogCa~ adamiansa da bunebas Soris kosmiuri kavSiris gaazrebis cdaa. leqsSi TiTqmis aRaraa klasicisturi RvlarWnileba. ideba xidi ukacriel bunebasa da pirovnebis intimur samyaros Soris.

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bunebis foni gamoyenebulia istoriis, adamianTa mwuxare Tavgadasavlis akompanimen-tad (al. kalandaZe).

sawuTroul zRvaSi (zRva da tba, arsebiTad, erTi da igive paradigmaa _ wuTisoflis warmavloba-medinobis warmomCeni) eklesiaa mxsneli xomaldi. `marTlmadidebluri taZ-ari simbolurad xomalds gamoxatavs, romelmac sawuTros mSfoTvare zRvaSi adamiani navsayudelTan unda miiyvanos. berZnulad taZars ewodeba `naos~, rac xomalds niSnavs~ (gazeTi `madli~ #3, 1990).

wuTisofeli mRelvare zRvad mraval Semoqmeds warmouCenia:1. j.b. tabi, `tba~;2. lamartini, `tba~;3. lotreamoni, `maldororis simRerebi~;4. bodleri, `adamiani da zRva~;5. heminguei, `moxuci da zRva~;6. galaktioni, `sanTlebi~...

grigol orbeliani

`Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~

es leqsi moxuci grigol orbelianis locvaa, saqarTvelos umSvenieresi mefisadmi aRvlenili.

`RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis beTaniis mamaTa monasteri mdinare veres tyian xeo-baSi mdebareobs.

rogorc istorikosi stefanoz orbeliani gadmogvcems, monasteri jer kidev XI sauku-neSi arsebobda, rogorc didgvarovan feodalTa saZvale.

miviwyebuli da gaveranebuli beTaniis monasteri nadirobisas SemTxveviT aRmoaCi-na grigol orbelianma... XX saukunis miwuruls monastris winamZRvris, mRvdel-monazon spiridonisa da savanis Zmobis RvawliT monasteri kvlav amoqmedda~ (T. caguriSvili, erTma berma Tavisi locviT SeiZleba mravali adamiani acxovnos, `karibWe~ # 14(25), 12-25 agvisto, 2005, gv. 30).

`beTania~ `puris saxlad~, `morCilebis saxlad~ iTargmneba. ierusalimis maxloblad mdebare es sofeli bibliaSia moxseniebuli. swored beTaniidan mouyvanes ufals kicvi; aqauri iyo lazare. aq ganmartovdeboda macxovari salocavad, aqedanve amaRlda zecad (beTaniis alagas axla muslimTa sofeli el-azariexia) (bibliis enciklopedia, m., 1990 (rus. enaze)).

beTaniis jvargumbaTovani taZari (Tbilisis samxreT-dasavleTiT 16 km-ze) agebulia Tamaris sicocxleSi, laSas Tanamosaydred gamocxadebis xanaSi. aq aris freskebi giorgi III, Tamarisa, laSa-giorgisa..

SemorCenilia Tamaris 4 freska: varZiis, yinwvisis, berTubnis, beTaniis.freska yofila daviT-garejSic, rasac adasturebs Teimuraz pirvelis leqsi `Tamaris

saxe daviT-garejas~....freskis ostati uTuod didostati unda yofiliyo, radgan freska ixateba svel

baTqaSze (sveli baTqaSi swrafad isrutavs fers). `fresko~ italiurad `svels~ niSnavs. gansxvavebuli teqnikaa `seko~ _ mSral baTqaSze xatva. sekos teqnikiTaa Sesrulebuli atenis sionis kedlis mxatvroba.

freskis mxatvarTa profesiuli daavadeba xelis revmatizmia.freskis saRebavs sxvadasxva adgilas moipovebdnen: TeTrs _ kunZul melosze, yviTels

(atikur oqras) _ sinopSi, wiTels _ neapolSi.badaxSanis (avRaneTi) laJvardovani (lurji) saRebavi sabadodan CamoutaniaT.bizantielebi marmarilos fxvnils ar umatebdnen freskis saRebavs, amitom maTi fres-

ka ar brwyinavs (italiurisgan gansxvavebiT).`traqtatSi ferweris Sesaxeb~ Cenino Cenini uTiTebs, rom `qalaqSi gazrdili qaTmis

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kvercxis cila TeTrgvremani, soflisa _ Savgremani saxis dasaxatad gamoiyeneba (avT. varTagava, rogor cxovroben freskebi, Tb., 1991).

nikoloz baraTaSvili

„merani~

leqsis daweris sababsa da adresatze azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs.tradiciuli SexedulebiT, rac grigol orbelianisadmi miweril werilSi (1842 wlis

2 maisi) gamoTqmul mosazrebebs eyrdnoba, leqsi iliko orbelianis datyvevebis Semdegaa Seqmnili.

nikolozi swers biZas iliko orbelianis Sesaxeb (iliko iyo Zma grigolisa, biZa nikolozisa), romelic tyved hyolia Samils.

CrdilokavkasielTa beladi moxiblula ilias vaJkacobiT. am ukanasknels uTqvams SamilisaTvis, romelsac sxva tyveebisaTvis Tavebi dauyrevinebia:

`Samil! rogor ekadreba Sens saxels magisTana uwyaloeba! Tu ginda, magiT SeaSino vinme, vin unda SeaSino? yvelani sikvdilis Svilebi varT. WeSmaritad, axla mec sikvdili mirCevnia Sens xelSi yofnas!~

nikoloz baraTaSvili auwyebs grigol orbelians: `Samils sdomebia ilias gamoSveba, magram ese yoCaRad rom unaxavs da amis gvaris-Svilobac Seutyvia, ufiqria, es kargi aficeri unda iyoso da iqneba, rusebma Cems SvilSi gamicvalono... axla darRoSia, sadac Samilis col-Svilia da simagre da kargadac Turme inaxavs... zogjer amisTana SemTxvevac kargia kacis sicocxleSi.

...ВОТ ЧТО ПОЭТ ДУМАЕТ ЗА ИЛИКО (ài, ras fiqrobs poeti ilikoze~ Tu ìlikos nacvlad~, ìlikos magivrad~, ìlikosaviT~?! _`за~ aq, cota ar iyos, xelovnuri, arabune-brivi formaa...~).

nikoloz baraTaSvils mohyavs mTeli leqsi `mirbis, mimafrens...~ Semdeg dasZens: àr vici, es leqsi rogor mogewoneba. aq ki bevri cremli, tyuili da marTali dainTxa amis wakiTxvaze, rasakvirvelia, imitom, rom amas ambobs ilia tyveobaSi, da ara me. ilias daWera rom Sevityve, hswore giTxra, Zalian Sevwuxdi, ase, rom sami dRe gabruebuli viyav aTasis sxva da sxva ucnauris fiqriT da surviliT, da rom ekiTxaT ki CemTvis, mec ar vicodi, ra mindoda. bolos, mesame dRes, es leqsebi davwere da TiTqos aman raRac Sveba momcao. vcdilob, rom ilikos rogorme mivawodo. vici, gulSi Caicinebs da ar iqneba, miT ara enugeSos ra... yovelive sofelSi R(v)Tis nebaa da mwuxarebiT... veras (v)uSveliT ilikos.

Cveni safiqrebeli es aris, rom viRonoT ram imis gamoxsnisaTvis... fefos mwuxareba gvawuxebs yvelas. xom ici, tyveoba da sikvdili Cvens dedakacebs erTi hgoniaT. metadre, lekis tyveoba...~(fefo _ efemia orbeliani, da grigolisa da ilikosi, deda nikolozisa).

rogorc werilidan Cans, leqsis lirikuli gmiris monologi viTomc ilia orbelianis tkiviliani da maRali fiqria: àmas ambobs ilia tyveobaSi da ara me~.

kritikosi rostom CxeiZe miiCnevs, rom tatom, ubralod, SeniRba leqsis namdvili `warmomTqmel-adresati~ _ aleqsandre bagrationi _ kavkasiis ruseTisagan gaTavisu-flebis mowadine, SviliSvili ereklesi da ...mama Samilisa (arsebobs aseTi versiac).

aleqsandre batoniSvils ara mxolod qarTvelebi, Crdilo-kavkasielebic udides pa-tivs scemdnen da TeTr cxenze amxedrebuls ̀ mfrinav iskandarad~ (`mfrinav aleqsandred~) ixseniebdnen.

visac ar unda eZRvnebodes `merani~, es nawarmoebi Tavisuflebis sagalobelia.

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***iona meunargia, cxovreba da poezia nikoloz baraTaSvilisa, Tb., 1968`baraTaSvili mainc baraTaSvilia, rac unda ZonZi Caicvas am kacma, is aris `meranis~

avtori.sxva rom ara daewera ra, mainc mefe eTqmis mecxramete saukunis qarTuli mwerlobisa.`merani~ ar aris srulad originaluri leqsi baraTaSvilisa, rogorc `sadRegrZelo~

ar aris originaluri poema orbelianisa. Tavi da pirveli azri leqsisa ekuTvnis polo-neTis didebul poets mickeviCs. baraTaSvilis cxovrebis aRweris dros Cven vnaxeT, rom im dros, roca is gimnaziaSi swavlobda, iq aswavlidnen mickeviCis leqss `fariss~, `Cems merans~ (`merani~) am leqsis mibaZvaa.

farisi niSnavs mxedars, rainds. mickeviCma dawera Tavisi poema poloneli orientalistis, v. rJevuskis saxsovrad,

romelsac is bedi ewia, rac poemis mxedars. veneceslav rJevuski samecniero gamokvlevi-saTvis arabeTs iyo wasuli, sadac 15 weli dahyo. mcire xniT evropaSi Camosvlis Semdeg xelaxla ganSorda samSoblos, TvisTa da megobarTa. da wavida arabeTs, saca daiRupa ise, rom col-Svilma ambavic ver Seityo misi.

farisSi gamoxatulia arabi (rJevuskis eZaxdnen ̀ emir Tajul-fexrs~), daulevel udab-noSi gavardnili, sadac arc wyalia, arc mcenare, arc kacis suli moiZebneba, saca marto qviSa da mzea, marto mze da qviSaa. arabi sZlevs yovelgvar dabrkolebas, romelic imas xvdeba gzaze da ganagrZobs win-qrolvas.

Suagul udabnoSi saSineli CxaviliT aedevneba Zelqori, romelsac mxedrisa da cxenis leSis mada aSlia, magram arabi imasac daaRwevs Tavs.

mfrinavis Semdeg daeweva cis Rrubeli. es afrTxilebs mxedars, rom win ar wavides, radganac win arc erTi cvari wyali ar aris, magram verc es muqara SeaSinebs Tavganwirul mxedars.

gza-gza is Seeyreba udabnoSi daRupul qaravans, magram verc es Zvlebi moiyvans gonze arabs.

bolos atydeba saSineli qariSxali, romlis mZvinvarebasac gadaurCeba mxedari. Sem-deg is ganerTxeba dedamiwaze da moisvenebs. dauwyebs cqeras varskvlavebs. misi fiqrebi ikargebian zecas da fiqrebTan erTad, misi sulic.

`ДУШУ В ВЫСЬ Я УСТРЕМИЛ И В НЕБЕ С МЫСЛЬЮ СХОРОНИЛ~, _ aTqmevinebs poeti udabnoSi daRupul mxedars.

Cvenma poetma gadmoitana Tavis leqsSi mxolod dedaazri leqsisa: mxedari, merani da CaurTo Siga da Sig elementebi `farisisa~: `TvalbediTi Savi yorani~, `gaswi, merano~, `kldeni~ da ̀ mxolod varskvlavTa, TanamavalTa~ da sxv. (es elementebi mickeviCsac arabu-li leqsebidan aqvs gadmoRebuli, rogorc lagranJis anTologiidan Cans). magram Sinaarsi misi leqsisa sul sxvaa, vidre Sinaarsi `farisisa~.

baraTaSvilma Cinebulad gamoiyena mickeviCis leqsis saerTo foni. `farisSi~ aravin icis, ratom gadmoWrila arabi, sad miiswrafvis igi! baraTaSvilis leqsSi ki mxedris gan-zraxva cxadia. is mifrinavs, rom gaeqces kacs, sworTa da megobarsa, mamuls, romelTanac yofna moswyenia, rom an niavs misces Savad mRelvare fiqri, an Tan gaatanos mernis giJur ltolvas. arabul meranze baraTaSvilma suliT oboli kaci Sesva, romelsac, rogorc viciT, kacTa Soris yofna ezareba. es merani ugzo-ukvlod miafrens mxedars, romelic beds ar eurCeba.

baraTaSvilis ̀ merani~ dawerilia imgvarsave SemTxvevis gamo, romlis gamoc dawerilia mickeviCis poema. rogorc am ukanasknelma dawera ̀ farisi~ rJevuskis dakargvis gamo, bara-TaSvilmac, rogorc is TviTon aRniSnavs gr. orbelianTan miweril erTs baraTSi, `Cems merans~ dawera maSin, rodesac Seityo, rom misi sayvareli biZa ilia orbeliani dakargu-liyo, _ Samilis miuridebs moetacnaT da tyved waeyvanaT...~ (gv. 78-80).

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al. yazbegi

„xevisberi goCa~

(mwerliseuli minaweri: ès moTxroba sityviT-sityvamde miambo friad moxucma mox-evem, Rinja xulelma~).

solomon yubaneiSvilis azriT, `xuleli xuleliZidan aris warmoebuli, xuleliZeebi cxovroben xevis or sofelSi gaibotensa da ToTSi. gaiboteni (lelT Runias mSobliuri sofeli _ n. k.) mdebareobs Tergis kideze marcxena mxares, xolo ToTi _ cota zemoT gaibotnidan. am Rinjas soflad, irakli Cqareulis cnobiT, sofel gaibotens asaxeleben, magram, zogi cnobiT, Rinja sofel ToTidan yofila, es ukanaskneli cnoba ufro swori unda iyos. al. yazbegi ToTSi aZovebda cxvars da albaT am dros gaicno da dauaxlovda Rinjas. xevSi Rinjas `dinjas~ uwodeben, magram al. yazbegs èlgujasa~ da xelnawerebSic is Rinjad hyavs moxsenebuli. es saxeli arc erTi formiT dRes ar cocxlobs~ (al. yaz-begi, Txzulebani or tomad, t. II, variantebi da SeniSvnebi sol. yubaneiSvilisa, gv. 519).

`xevisberi goCa~ pirvelad daibeWda `droebaSi~ 1884 wels (# 171-238), meored _ al. yazbegis TxzulebaTa IV tomSi 1892 wels. arsebobs `xevisberi goCas~ xalxuri variantebi. al. yazbegis cnobiT, folkloruli wyaro mas Rinja xulelisagan hqonia mosmenili (qar-Tuli proza, t. XI, Tb., 1986, gv. 767).

***oTar CxeiZe, barnovi, Tb., 1989xevisberi goCa: ` (aleqsandre yazbegis èlgujas~ personaJi) abdia jalabauri aris

goneba xalxisa, sindisi xalxisa, siwminde da moudrekloba xalxisa, es igive xevisberia, xalxis rCeuli, romelic ganagebda yovelives Temisa _ sasulieros, sasamarTlos, samx-edro saqmeTa.

is rCeuli iyo da Zalovani, aRsavse Wkua-gonebiTa, zneobrivi siwmindiTa, pirdapiro-biTa, yovelgvari sikeTiTa. is iyo rCeuli swored am RirsebaTa gamo, iyo suliT maRali da amamaRlebuli Temisa... es istoriuli saxe pirvelad èlgujaSi~ amotivtivda, TavisTavad wamovida, xalxi amRelvardeba da winamZRoli, cxadia, win moeqceva, romanis siuJetSi sxva ram adgili ar moepoveba, xalxi daiSleba, isic gadis xalxTan erTada, _ rogorc Semo-dis, iseve gadis. saxe mxatvrulad moTavebuli ver aris. magram mainc sagulisxmoa, etyo-ba, abdia jalabaurma sxva ram moagona aleqsandre yazbegsa, sxva amozida, xevisberobis didi tradicia amoitana, es wminda saxalxo saxe amoativtiva da daupirispira ukuRmarT mmarTvelebsa, ara arCeul, aramed daniSnul moxeleebsa, romlebic kidev ufro aukuR-marTebdnen isedac ukuRmarT kanonebsa. ase unda gazrdiliyo saxe abdia jalabaurisa, ase unda Sobiliyo saxe xevisber goCasi; ase unda Sepirispirebuliyo awmyo da warsuli, istoria da Tanadrouloba.

grigol orbelianma yazbegs homerosi Searqva, diadi saxeli metsaxelad Searqva da beberi Zvlebi dauamda, ocdaTormeti weli gaaxsenda da dauamda beberi Zvlebi..

Turme isev cocxali yofiliyo guli erisa, iseva feTqavda da goCasaviT xelapyrob-ili imave sityvebs imeorebda: àr daiviwyo, rom sadac Seni mama-papa gaCenila da dam-arxula, sadac maTi Zvlebia Cafluli, imas gedavebian da ar daanebo... maTac cota Wiri ar unaxavT TavianT miwa-wylis dacvis dros, maTis sisxlis nakaduls miwa qvesknelamdis gauJvenTavs... axla Tqven iciT, rasac iqT~...

yvelafers Tavisi dro undoda, xolo dromdisin goCasnairi brZeni undoda, goCasnai-ri mrisxane da wminda, goCasnairi foladi unda hqonoda xmaSi, ro uTavbolod Serxeuli xalxisaTvis, udrooda da vnebianad SeqanebulTaTvis SeeZaxna da SeeCerebina, _ gaxsov-deT, visi gorisani xarTo!...

aSkaraa, aleqsandre yazbegma dramebiT ro daiwyo mxatvruli Semoqmedeba, iolad ve-Rar daaRwia Tavi dramaturgiul kompozicias, romanSic veRar daaRwia Tavi. es arc Tu cudi ram gamovida, kompoziciuri simkvrive Tu simkveTre mis romanebs Tavisebur emo-ciebs matebs da STabeWdilebas aZlierebs. magram romani mainc romania, gaSlili dineba

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uyvars, ambavTa siuxve sCvevia. Tumca wyaluxvia mTis mdinareca, oRond Cqaria, kalapoti aqvs daqanebuli, viwro, da lamazi, momxiblavi yovel kuTxidana. yazbegic mTis mdina-reebs dasdarebia, mTis bunebas damsgavsebia, xasiaTiTa, SemoqmedebiTa, Tavisi gmirebiTa, aragviviT daqanebula da mtkvars ro dasjaxebia, gaupia, aqeT-iqiT miuyria imisi mRvrie Cqerebi~ (gv. 123-127).

nugzar erisTavi: (gard. daaxl. 1618w.) _ misi asuli rusudani colad hyavda giorgi saa-kaZes. 1603 w. aujanyda kaxeTis mefes da qarTlis mefis, giorgi X-is qveSevrdomi gaxda. 1612 w. g. saakaZesTan erTad iranSi gaiqca, magram maleve dabrunda ukan (igive wyaroebi, aseve, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. 4, Tb., 1973); nugzar erisTavia mama zurab erisTavisa.

`istoriidan `xevisber goCaSi~ nugzar erisTavi Semodis. am saxels kargad icnobs qa-rTlis cxovreba, ixseniebs vaxuSti, beri egnataSvili; icnoben da ixsenieben kaxeTs mefe aleqsandresTan mimavali rusi elCebi.

beri egnataSvili nugzariaanT warsulsac igonebs mokled, mokveTilad, rogorc hferobs istorikossa: `nugzar aragvis erisTavis mama-papaTa amoswyvites patroni xe-visa TeqTurmanisZe da daiWires xevi da mieriTgan misca mefeman... romelTame mTiuleTi, romelTame duSeTi da ananuri da iqmnes xevis mis erisTavad~ (qarTlis cxovreba, s. yaux-CiSvilis gamocema, t. II, Tb., 1959, gv. 390)...

sisxliT daiwyes aragvis erisTavebma, sisxli Tqrialebda aragvis saerisTaoSi...nugzar erisTavi, sabuTTa mixedviT, xevsa batonobs, imisi samflobelo CerqezTa bato-

nis samflobelos ebjineba, dariali SemokalTavebuli aqvs, darials imisi kacebi icaven, uimisod darials veravin gamoaRwevs, verc rusTa elCebi, mefe aleqsandresTan momavalni; damoukidebelia mTis aqeTa da gadamTiel mefeTagan, Zlieria da Seuvali, xolo romanis mixedviT sxva ram gamodis _ TiTqos xevi ubatono yofiliyos, TiTqos nugzar erisTavs moendomebinos xevis damorCileba, gaelaSqros, damarcxebuliyos, ukuqceuliyos. mwer-als TiTqos abuCad augdia mematianeni, miurev-mourevia imaTi monaTxrobi, ... mxolod sax-eli SeunarCunebia, mrisxane saxeli _ nugzar da imis garSemo sxva ram ambavi gamouxlar-Tavs _ xevisberis umtkices saxes rac gamohkveTda... nugzari Sah-abazis drois moRvawea, aragvis mrisxane erisTavi, romelic TamaSobs qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebiT, rusTa xelm-wifes Tavs acnobs, Sah-abasTan axlo urTierToba aqvs... misi cxovreba saxelmwifoebriv saerTaSoriso movlenebs gadasjaWvia, magram mwerals ar unda amxela asparezi, esoden didi da rTuli movlenebi. misi nawarmoebi mokveTilia, dramatulia da ara epikuri, ami-tom mxolod erTi mkveTri, Tu umkveTresi epizodi undoda imis cxovrebidana... epizodi bevri iyo am mRelvare cxovrebaSi, oRond ar iyo laSqroba xevis winaaRmdeg...

aragvis erisTavTa sisxlian matianeSi, moyolebuli vanaTeli aznauridan, sidamoni-dan, romelman mosrna adrindeli ganmgebelni xevisa da maTs magier Tavisi STamomavalni daamkvidra... XVIII saukunis 40-ian wlebamdis _ aragvis saerisTaos gauqmebamdis erTader-Ti nugzar erisTavi icis istoriam...

aragvis erisTavebi erTimeoreze ufro saSiSarni iyvnen,... aqeT qsnis saerisTaos epotinebodnen, iqiT _ kaxTa mamulebsa...

nugzars xevis winaaRmdeg ar ulaSqria, samagierod, CerqezTa winaaRmdeg ilaSqra, laSqarma xevze gadaiara Tu gadmoiara, Tagaurelnic CerqezTa winaaRmdeg axldnen nug-zarsa, avtorma nugzari Tagaurelebianad aqeT, xevisken Semoabruna da brZolis asparezi CerqezeTidan xevs gadmoitana...

SesaZloa, arc CerqezeTs gulisxmobda, arc xevsureTs, arc romelime sxva kuTxes saqarTvelosi _ yvelas aerTebda, erTsaxed warmoidgenda... xevi iqceoda simbolod mara-diuli brZolisa erTianobis, simtkicis, TviTmyofelobisa da damoukideblobisaTvis...

mxatvruli konfliqti zogaddeboda, Sordeboda farglebs feodaluri Tu kuTxuri omebisa, Sordeboda sazRvrebs istoriisa da Tanadroulobas univTdeboda~ (gv. 128).

aragvis saerisTavo: feodaluri saqarTvelos samxareo administraciuli erTeuli, romelsac marTavda mefis mier daniSnuli erisTavi aragvis xeobasa da Tergis saTavee-bSi...

wyaroebiT cnobili pirveli erisTavebi arian SaburisZeebi (XIII s-dan), romlebic mem-kvidreobiT flobdnen am saxels. XVs-is Sua xanebidan aragvis saerisTavo erisTavebis

17

mamulad, anu saTavadod iqca. XVI s-Si vanaTelma (patara liaxvis xeoba) aznaurma qsnis eri-sTavebis daxmarebiT amowyvita aragvis erisTavebi da TviTon daepatrona saerisTavos. amieridan aragvis erisTavebad misi memkvidreni iniSnebodnen.

aragvis erisTavTa rezidencia iyo duSeTi da sioni, mTavari cixe _ ananuri, saZvale da sagvareulo monasteri _ bodorna.

aragvis saerisTavo saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi mudam mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda. gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda XVII s-Si, rodesac nugzar, zurab da zaal erisTave-bi TavgamodebiT ibrZodnen, erTi mxriT, sruli politikuri damoukideblobis mosapove-blad da, meore mxriT, fSav-xevsureTisa da erwo-TianeTis dasapyrobad da dasabegravad. jer zurabma (XVII s-is 20-ian ww-Si) da Semdeg zaalma (50-ian ww-Si) droebiT daipyro erwo-TianeTi. didZali msxverplis miuxedavad, erisTavebi mainc ver ewivnen sawadels _ 1743w. ajanyebulma aragvelebma mokles beJan aragvis erisTavi da aragvis saerisTavo kaxeTis mefes, Teimuraz II-s gadasces. man aragvis saerisTavo samefo mamulad gamoacxada da er-ekle II-is vaJs, vaxtang batoniSvils saufliswulod misca. 1803w., almasxan batoniSvilis gadasaxlebis Semdeg, aragvis saerisTavo ananuris mazris ufross dauqvemdebares (wyaro: gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri urTierTobis istoriidan (qarT-lis saTavadoebi), Tb., 1955;

vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, wgn. qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, Tb; 1973).

vaJa-fSavelas poemebi

`baxtrioni~ baxtrionis brZola kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis gmiruli epizodia, romelsac vaJa-

fSavelam poema `baxtrioni~ (1892), akaki wereTelma ki moTxroba `baSi-aCuki~ (1895) miuZ-Rvna.

oficialur istoriografiaSi am brZolis Sesaxeb mwiri cnobebia Semonaxuli, zepirsi-tyvierebaSi ki mdidari masalaa daculi.

cixe baxtrionisa md. alaznisa da iltos SesarTavis maxloblad iranelebma XVII sau-kunis 50-ian wlebSi aages, Sah-abas II brZanebiT. cixesimagre umTavresi dasayrdeni iyo kaxeTSi sparselTa batonobis gansamtkiceblad da Camosaxlebul momTabare TurqmanTa uSiSroebis uzrunvelsayofad.

1616 w. Sah-abas pirvelis mier 300 000 kaxelis ayrisa da fereidanSi gadasaxlebis Sem-deg Camosaxlebul iqna 80 000 eli (momTabare Turqmani), rogorc sparselTa dasayrdeni kaxeTSi. xalxur leqsSi konstatirebulia:

`axmetas sxedan TaTrebi, sityvas amboben Zvirsao,axmetas CavWriT venaxsa, Sig CavasaxlebT elsao~. kaxeTis ajanyebis dros mTavari brZola baxtrionis cixesTan momxdara. sparselebs

alaverdis monasteric ki cixesimagred eqciaT. kaxeTi orad gaeyoT _ nawili yarabaRis beglarbegis, nawilic naxiWevanis mmarTvelisaTvis gadaecaT.

Camosaxlebulma Turqman-elebma kaxeTi gadagvarebis safrTxis winaSe daayenes. daiwyo didi saxalxo moZraoba, romelsac saTaveSi biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi, zaal aragvis erisTavi Caudgnen. ajanyebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes TuS-fSavel-xevsurebma zezva gafrindaulis, nadira xoSaraulis, gogolauris meTaurobiT. qarTvelebi RamiT, mtrisTvis moulodnelad, dasxmian Tavs baxtrionisa da alaverdis cixeebs. TaTrebi amowyvites. kaxeTi fizikur ganadgurebasa da sulier gadagvarebas gad-aurCa.

zaal aragvis erisTavi, mtris davalebiT, sakuTarma Zmiswulebma mokles, biZina, Salva da elizbari sparselebma wamebiT daxoces, (qarTulma eklesiam isini wmindanebad Seracxa). mTaSi ajanyebis moTaveT xalxma leqsebi, simRerebi gamouTqva.

vaJa-fSavelas poema baxtrionis brZolis gmirul epizods acocxlebs, ganadidebs saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol mTiel gmirebs:

TuS zezva gafrindauls, xevsur nadira xoSarauls, fSavel gogolaurs, gamogonil

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personaJebs: sanaTas, lelas, kvirias, xevisber luxums...vaJa, qveynis WeSmariti Wirisufali, gznebs, rom kaxeTis Wiri sruliad saqarTvelos

Wiria. sxva kuTxeni dalxinebiT ver icxovreben, Tuki Tund erTs gadagvarebis, iavarqmnis safrTxe emuqreba.

gansakuTrebul siyvaruls kaxeTisadmi vaJa sxvaganac gamoxatavs, `samSoblos Svenebad~ naTlavs:

`Tvals ver vacileb baxtrions, ayvanili myav Svilada,natbevaria sisxlisa... luxum-zezvasebr erTguli mas eyoleba Zvirada!...avayeneb ki tiriliT gardasul qarTvlis gmirebsa?xmals vinc iqnevda, kvdeboda mklavze sisxlgadamdinari, vinc vera sTmobda mamulsa, mtris razmSi elvad mfrinavi,àr mogcemT Cemsa samSoblos!~ amiranis xmiT mgrgvinavi~ (`kaxeTs~).poemaSi vaJa warmoaCens mtrisagan iavarqmnil kaxeTs: `saqme gaWirda ... urjulo TaTrebisgana, daTareSoben, kaxeTi misces qarsa da niavsa...awiokeben qal-rZalsa, namussa hxdian Zalada,krefaven urjuloebi silamazesa Ralada...mTeli kaxeTi qceula Ciqila-moxdil qalada...arvin gadurCaT rjulZaR(l)Ta, yvelas begaras adeben,visac hklven gza-gzispirebze, Tavebs margilze ageben,Sadian sxvisa saxlSia, kars ukrZalavad aReben~.arc fSav-xevsureTs adgas ukeTesi dRe. xoSarelnic (fSavelni) TaTris jars auwioke-

bia, `gasuqda xoSarisgori samareebiT xSiriTa~; TiTqos `droeba damdgara im meormosvlis wamisa~. Cqami arsiT ismis, xalxi TiTqos ayrila, midamo gaudaburebula.

amgvaria foni `baxtrionisa~ _ iavarqmnilia qveyana. sulisSemZvrelia, damTrgunvelia SegrZneba imisa, rom àra sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa, kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.ase didxans ver gagrZeldeba; qarTvelni acnobiereben, rom beds Serigeba damRupvelia,

mtris aRlaReba _ damamcirebeli.kaxelni SeuTvlian TuS-fSavel-xevsurT:`Cvenac xom Tqveni Zmani varT sisxliT, xorciT da rjuliTa.mterma dagvCagra, gviSveleT gautexelno guliTa.ubarod, gana ar iciT, mTanic ro vera gvaroben?gviSveleT, fSavel-xevsurno, barze TaTrebi xaroben;Cvenis sayrdebis trapezTan exla molebi galoben~.alaverdis monasterSi, baxtrionis cixeSi TaTarTa garnizoni dgas, marTlmadidebeli

mRvdlis qadagebis nacvlad, molas `galoba~ gaismis.Ciqilamoxdilia qveyana... vaJa xazgasmiT warmoaCens umTavress:ùbarod... mTanic vera gvaroben~. swored es codna, es mrwamsi aZlierebs TuS-fSavel-xevsurTa saxmobad mTas wargza-

vnil kviria maTurels, fSavelTa xevisber luxums, TuSTa belads, zezvas, xevsur nadira xoSarauls...

TiToeuls gulSi Rrmad CaubeWdavs mTavari:`manama vcocxlobT, mteri gvyav, bevrad sjobs, viyvneT cdazeda,roca dro mova... de, gaqres bedis varsklavi cazeda!cocxals ki unda exuros vaJkacsa qudi Tavzeda.sicocxles augiansa sikvdili mijobs xmalzeda.ros Cemi bina sxvas hrCeba, Cemi coli da Svilebi,Tu duSmnis xmali ar momklavs, me TviTon gavigmirebi~.`baxtrionis~ personaJTaTvis ganuyofelia mamulis unapiro siyvaruli RvTis usazRv-

ro rwmenisagan. isini gzneben, rom kaxeTis gamosaxsnelad SemarTulT Tavad wminda giorgi uwinamZRvrebT. brZolis win Tamaris naCuqar laSaris jvars ganadideben, swamT, rom uflis wminda mxedars ùyvaran fSavel-xevsurni, damdgarni erTsa pirzeda~.

19

(werilSi `kritika b. ip. varTagavasi~ vaJa sagangebod aRniSnavda: `CemTvis marto is faqti kmaroda, rom mTis xalxi, sxvadasxva Temebi, romelnic xandaxan erTmaneTsac ki hlaSqravden, ar indobden, am Jamad SaerTden, erTsulovanoba gamoiCines da Zmurad mieS-velnen bars gaWirvebis dRes~).

laSqari sasoebiT Sescqeris wminda giorgis, cis tatnobze mtredisfrad gabrwyinebuls, gazafxulis yvaviliviT mSveniers, spis winamZRols, da bednieri, imediani RaRadebs:

àdide laSaris jvari, cisa da qveynis iero!netav, ra mteri iqneba, exla gagviZlos, biWebo~.wminda giorgis kvalSi CamdgarT, rCeulni sardloben mTielT. xevisberi luxumi gulC-

vilia, mtris sikvdilis mzerisasac ki Tvalebi uwyliandeba, kvirias winaswarmetyveluri sizmari gulsa stkens, cremls daadens, `keTilad axdeso, gulaCuyebiT~ natrobs; gauCi-narebuli kvirias saxelsa da Rirsebas icavs, apilpilebuli laSqris `koWli da lugumi sityvis~ damwunebeli.

es gulCvili, Tvalmowylianebuli mamuliSvili brZolis velze iseTive Seupovari, Seud-rekeli mebrZolia, rogorc misi Zmadnafici, TuSi zezva gafrindauli, romlis mrwamsia:

`visac Cven ar vebralebiT, Cven SavibraloT risada?sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~(da mainc _ èrTi cremliT meti~ (b. xaranauli) zezvaze).aseve swamT `samoTxis yvaviliviT mSvenier~ lela baClelsa da yunWiviT Tavmdabal

kviria maTurels, romelnic, sakuTari sicocxlis fasad, baxtrionis cixis kars gauReben laSqars.

`sulis mxuTav droSi~ (luxumiseuli sityvaTSeTanxmebaa) rwmenasa da sasoebas ar hkar-gavs unaTlesi qali, afxuSouri sanaTa, beriZis qvrivi, Svidi vaJkacisa da qmris erT dRes damkargavi, sajares rom `martos aunTav sanTlebi da xatic udidebia~. `Tu amamyridiT mtris javrsa, SvilT arc ki movigonebdio~, aRuTqvams kvirias.

qarTvelTa erTiani ZalisxmeviT, `baxtrions TaTris Svilebsa dRe gauTendaT Savia~. madlierma mefem mTiulT saxnav-saTesni uboZa, mTavari jildo saxeli iyo, `Zvirfasi

sapovaria~. udidesi pativiT dakrZales brZolaSi saxelianni; dedis metma, arvin daitira `sicocxliT sikvdiliani~ wiwola, òmSiiT gamoqceuli..~

gadarCa ulamazesi qarTuli kuTxe, gadarCa `nisli, fiqri mTebisa~, deka-Rviani, ga-darCa qarTuli suli;

xevisberi luxumis Sesaxeb lamazi legenda Seqmna xalxma, `maRali, maRlamxedi~ mamu-liSvilis sikvdilisaTvis vergammetebelma:

maRali kldis qvabulSi, pirquS, xavsian mRvimeSi mcxovreb, `bevris avisa moqmeds~ ux-senebels Seebrala beri luxumi, daWrili, mkerd-natyviari.

Tamaz Cxenkelis SefasebiT, `feriscvaleba-gardaqmnis paTosi vaJas poemebSi ara mar-to adamianebs, aramed ganpirovnebul borotul arsTac moicavs. am feriscvalebis sqema miTosuri xasiaTis models gulisxmobs _ zesknel-qvesknelis sferoTa brunvas da, Sesa-bamisad, qvesknelis saufloSi arsTa gardacvaleba-ganaxlebas... is, rom qvesknelis gamo-qvabulTan mwoliare daWril luxums wylulebs ulokavs gveli, miTosur planSi amave mniSvnelobis faqtia da qvesknelisagan mis STanTqmas, anu mis RvTaebriv gardacvla-feriscvalebas da, maSasadame, mis ganaxleba-gankurnebas aRniSnavs. qvesknelSi Zalmoce-muli luxumi mkvdreTiT unda aRdges, rom SeiZlos `laSaris gorze~ (zesknels) Sedgoma~.

vaJas luxumi da ilias aCrdili (myinvarze mdgari moxuci) saqarTvelos `Tanamdev, ukvdav suls~ ganasaxiereben, verc erTi dampyrobeli rom verasodes daTrgunavs, ux-senebelsac ki gvelur bunebas rom daaviwyebs, borotebis gzas gaaSvebinebs da keTils daaWerinebs.

zezva da luxumi `samSoblos Svenebad~ monaTluli kaxeTisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi vaJa-fSavela wers:`Tvals ver vacileb baxtrions, ayvanili myav Svilada, _natbevaria sisxlisa, dRes ganisvenebs tkbilada;

20

luxum-zezvasebr erTguli mas eyoleba Zvirada!~ (`kaxeTs~).luxumi da zezva `baxtrionis~ mTavar personaJebad warmoaCina vaJam, gmirebad,

romelTa winamZRoloba eocnebeboda iranel dampyrobelTagan dabeCavebul qarTvels, mkvnesars:

àra sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa,kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.luxumisa da zezvas pirovnuli sidiadis gasacnobiereblad, upervelesad, gaazreba

sWirdeba imas, ra sazar Zalas daupirispirdnen mamuliSvilni.zaal aragvis erisTavTan, biZina ColoyaSvilTan, elizbar da Salva erisTavebTan er-

Tad, zezva gafrindauli kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis erT-erTi sulisCamdgmeli iyo (TuS zezvas mxarSi edgnen xevsuri nadira xoSarauli, fSaveli gogolauri). luxumi gamogo-nili personaJia.

Sah-abas II brZanebiT, XVII s-is 50-ian wlebSi kaxeTSi momTabare Turqmanuli tomebis Casaxleba daiwyo. elebi (Turqmanebi) iranelTa dasayrdens warmoadgendnen. maTi (da Tavi-si) interesebis dasacavad sparselebma baxtrionis cixe aages, alaverdis monasteri cixe-simagred gadaakeTes.

swored baxtrionsa da alaverdSi gamagrebuli iranuli garnizonebi amowyvites ajanye-bulebma da kaxeTi sulieri gadagvarebisa da fizikuri ganadgurebisagan ixsnes.

vaJa-fSavelas luxumi da zezva WeSmariti mamuliSvilebi arian, aRmqmelni qveynis Wirisa da tanjulni samSoblos sveubedurebiT. xedaven, raca sWirs kaxeTs, `samSoblos Svenebas~.

xoSarisgoric (fSavi) samareebiT gasuqebula. qarTvelTagan ukeTesni acnobiereben, rom mtris aRlaReba damrTgunvelia, damamcirebeli. beds Serigeba damRupvelia. kaxelTa sasowarkveTil vedrebas mTielni ver wauyrueben.

mterTagan gatanjul moZmeTa vedreba suls uSfoTebs mamuliSvilebs.luxums laSarisgorze xatavs vaJa. fSavel-xevsurni ikribebian, raTa xoSarelTa da

kaxelTa sisxli azRvevinon aRlaRebul sparselT. sumeljaurni, WinWaraulni, WormiSeli, Wieli, Rulelebeli, xaxmateli... vaJebi mgluri nabijiT modian, `TiTos xevs aragvisasa Tan mosdevs laSqris Rvaria~.

fSavelT mouZRvis luxumi. lurjac `patronis gulis mcodne~ hyavs. qadagi aimedebs `lomisfer vaJebs~, rom mTielTa laSqars Tavad wminda giorgi uwinamZRvrebs, radgan ùyvaran fSavel-xevsurni, damdgarni erTsa pirzeda~.

kaxeTisaken daZvramdis Tamaris naCuqari laSaris jvari, didi Tamari da brZolebSi daRupuli gmirebi moixsenia spam.

`xevisbrobs beri luxumi, xmatkbilad moubaria,gmirTa qebiT da didebiT guli ver moufxania~.luxumis lbili buneba `xmatkbilad moubrobaSic~ sWvivis. Tanamlmobelia, sxvisi Wir-

is gulTan mimtani. damwuxrebul, Sefiqrianebul kvirias TanagrZnobiT ekiTxeba, cudi sizmari xom ar ginaxavs, Tu agrea, weras mogxsnio.

maTurelis uaris Semdeg wyenanarevi sayveduriT etyvis kvirias: `Tu ar gviambob, kviriav, CamogyriT droSis Werasa~.

kvirias winaswarmetyveluri sizmari SeZravs luxums.èwyina luxums sizmari, cremlebi mosdis wyvilada. `keTilad axdes!~ _ mainc sTqva gulaCuyebiT, rbilada~.vaJa gamudmebiT usvams xazs luxumis bunebis sirbiles, simSvides, Tanamlmoblobas.banaks misul lelas gakvirvebiT ekiTxeba, àm sulis mxuTav droSia~ mama omSi rad

ggzav niso. roca Seityobs SanSe baClelis avadobis ambavs, dasevdianebuli, anugeSebs qals, `vkmarvarT mtrisada zianado~.

danarCenTagan gansxvavebiT, didbunebovani luxumi ar ijerebs ucabedad gamqrali kvirias `Ralatianobas~, ver warmoudgenia ègre muxTlad Ralati, egre uRmerTod tyue-ba, mtrisa salxenad Zmebisa SinaiT gamotyueba?!~

saWiroebisamebr, mrisxanebs kidec _ sastikad aukrZalavs spas kvirias augad moxsenie-bas:

àr radme meWaSnikeba sityva koWli da lugumi.

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kacs magis metad ver icnobT, magis met ar gaqvT Snoeba?... Ralats ra unda CvenSia, rogori gvadga droeba?!~`wynari da rCeuli sityva~ moiTxova laSqrisagan luxumma.`vefxistyaosnis~ personaJTa Sexvedrasa hgavs luxumisa da zezvas Seyra naqeralaSi.

qarTvelTa upirvelesi poemis gmirTa `silaRe da ukadroba~ cocxldebodes TiTqos.rogorc tarieli `gaukadnierdeba~ fridons, luxumic ityvis zezvaze, TuSTa gasago-

nad: `me jer TaTrebTan ra minda, magisi sisxli mwyuria,duRs da gadmoduRs gulidam magis mtroba da Suria~.rogor mSviddeba spa, roca rwmundeba, rom es oden xumrobaa, rom èrTmaneTisa sur-

vili orsve hqoniyo wylulada~.siamovnebiT umzers laSqari, rogor ekinklavebian erTurTs Zmobilni, rogor àkoces

mxurvaled~.daberebulxar, WaRara gagxSirebiao, sinanuliT etyvis luxumi. zezva miugebs: `laSqrobam Camomabera, ZaRlumadurad gdebama, srul (laSqarsa var, rac kia ZuZus mamsxlita dedama~. moagona erTad gadaxdili omebi, isic, rom luxums ebraleboda xolme mokluli mteri,

Tvalebi uwyliandeboda, gansxvavebiT zezvasagan, romlis mrwamsiTac:`visac Cven ar vebralebiT, Cven SavibraloT risada?sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~roca TuS-fSav-xevsurTa jari ficiT Seikra, `maRlidam makurTxebeli Tavze daadgaT

jvaria~. zeciT ikurTxa qarTul tomTa erToba.`baxtrions TaTris Svilebsa dRe gauTendaT mwaria~. TaTrebs mihkioda Seupovari

zezva, xmalamowvdili miuZRoda laSqars luxumi.`mTeli TuSeTis darad~ monaTles zezva, tanad momcro, suliT maRali, vaJkaci, `Rir-

si, welT ertyas xmalia~. hSvenoda loms dazarniSuli fari elva-qariviT swrafs. rjul-ZaRlT daWres da gawires cocxal-mkvdari, magram niri ver acvlevines.

`Tu gahzdis, furma gazardos aimisTana xaria!~cxare cremliT tirodnen TuSebi.......beri luxumi, `damrigebeli fSavisa~, brZolaSi dahkargoda spas. ifiqres, TuSeTs

xom ar gahyvao daWril Zmobils, zezvas... sagoneblad eqcaT patronis dakargva.luxumi eris Tanamdevi ukvdavi sulia, legendas Sefarebuli.`maRali da maRlad mxedi~ mamuliSvili sikvdilisaTvis ver gaimeta xalxma.luxumi gansaxierebaa dampyrobTagan dauTrgunveli, maradukvdavi sulisa, uxsenebel-

sac rom `gadaubrunebs gunebas...~

***grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957`baxtrionis~ cnobili luxumi xalxur leqsSi warmodgenilia, rogorc marjven-

amokveTili:`mesamed gamoxtomaSi luxums muxl mastyda mglisao...xeli marjvena maaWres, wesic ar iyo mTlisao...simSiliT daRonebulma quCi moZova mTisao;wyurviliT daRonebulma cvari aloka cisao.luxums gvel SamaeCvia, muxls uloks, ukurnisao.ori kvira ro wavida, luxums muxl eqna mglisao~.vaJam marjvenis mokveTis mxriv ar gamoiyena xalxuri leqsi, magram poemis erTi sauke-

Teso adgili uTuod am leqsiTaa nasazrdoebi (ìtyvian: maRlis mTis Zirsa..~).`baxtrionSi~ rom vaJas aqauri (am _ n.k.) luxumis saxe aqvs gamoyenebuli, aRniSnuli

aqvs akademikos akaki SaniZes (gv. 173).

***vaxtang razikaSvili, mamaCemi _ vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1973vaJas gmirebi sinamdvilidan arian aRebulni... suyvela gmiri qarTveli, namdvilad

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erTguli, samSoblos damcvelia.luxumi namdvili Cargleli iyo, afxuSos mcxovrebi. igi baxtrionis gmiri iyo. laSqro-

baSi is uZRoda fSavlebs win, rogorc beladi.zezvai TuSebis gmiria... CaRma TuSi iyo, gvarad gafrindauli. dResac aris TuSebSi

gafrindaulis modgma.gogoTuri fSavSi, sofel yofCaSi, cxovrobda. aseve, zviadauri da mindia-gvelismWa-

meli xevsurebi iyvnen, arxotis axlo sofel axieladan (gv. 149).

*** zurab kiknaZe, `baxtrionis~ dasasruli, Jurn. `balaveri~, #1-6, 1989roca brZola damTavrda, iZlia istoriuli mteri _ yizilbaSi, roca `gadmodga bor-

balazeda Tavisuflebis mTvarea~, Sinmimavali gamarjvebuli fSavelTa razmi Tavis Soris ver xedavs ber luxums, romelic saxelianTa Soris mesamea kviriasa da lelas Semdeg. luxumi, xevisberi, uCinardeba saswaulebrivad da iwyeba esqatologiuri legenda (esqato-logia _ mistikuri moZRvreba samyarosa da adamianis saboloo bedze) : ìtyvian: maRlis mTis Zirsa..~. (T. XIX). amieridan luxumi aRar ekuTvnis baxtrionis gmirTa, Tundac gamar-jvebulTa, wres, arc maT epoqas; is kacobriobis momavalSia gadasrolili, ukan darCa xana, roca batonobda `mTavari igi amis soflisai~ anu Zveli mteri, romelmac istoriis dasabamSi SeacTuna adami, mTeli istoriis manZilze rom Tesavda mtrobas da gveleSapis saxiT warmoudgeboda kacobriobas. kvirias sabediswero sizmarSi xom gveleSapi ganigmira, kacis xeliT ganadgurda, magram kaci ki imsxverpla, axla ki, maradisobis karibWesTan, es `gveli, morTuli jagriTa, bevrisa codvis moqmedi~, àdamis tomis mteri~, gardaiqmneba, bunebas icvlis adamianis kvnesis xmaze (aseTi Zala eniWeba kacis kvnesas). umweod darCe-nili adamis Zis winaSe gvelma daibruna is buneba, romelic Seuqmna mas RmerTma, roca qmnida yovel arsebas (da rasac qmnida, keTilad qmnida), gaexsna cremlis sadinari imis niSnad, rom siyvarulis Teslma gaixara kacobriobis mtris gulSi. `veSapi igi didi, gveli dasabamisai~ (gamocx. 12, 9), aRadgens Tavis TavSi RvTis qmnilebas.

`borotebis gza gauSvav, keTili dauWeria..~borotma miiRo is saxeli _ `keTili gveli~, rogorc qristes moixseniebdnen, tertu-

lianes cnobiT, adreuli qristianebi. gvelma gamoisyida saukuneTa uwinares Cadenili codva, wamoayena fexze uflis mxedari da Tavadac zeaRimarTa. gankurnebul luxumTan erTad im droSi varT, roca ùkanaskneli mteri igi ganqarda sikudili~ (I kor. 15, 26).

kvlav daismis kiTxva im pirveli SemkiTxvelis kvalze, Tu ras gulisxmobda poeti, poemis dasasruls rom ambobda: èRirsebao luxumsa laSaris gorze Sadgoma?~

laSaris gori `baxtrionis~ dasasruls is samudamo simaRlea, saidanac Camosvla lu-xums _ kacobriobis ukeTes natamals _ ar uweria (gv. 120).

kviria maTureli kviria maTureli vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrionis~ personaJia, `kai yma~, uCinari, maRali,

Cumi msaxuri RvTisa da mamulisa, zvaraki da tarigi.vaJa pirvelad sajareSi _ xatis alagSi _ warmoaCens kvirias: `kaci gamoCnda ucxo ram, Camoglej-Camowewili,erTi yaribi, uSno ram..~. sacnauria misi ùcxooba~, `yariboba~ _ ucxoa, `cxoa~ _ sxva, sxvanairi, gansxvavebuli;

yaribia _ mwiri, msxemi, meroWike berT mimsgavsebuli. kvirias Camoglejil-Camowewili samosi, ùSnooba~ warmoaCens mis siglaxakes, magram

maTureli, upirvelesad, suliTaa glaxaki _ ese igi, netaric (`netar iyvnen glaxakni su-liTa, rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli caTai~ (maTe 5, 3)), rac poemaSi mogvianebiT dadastur-deba _ kvirias `siglaxake~ wmindanis SaravandiT Seicvleba.

kviriasnairni Tu ityvian: `yovelsa Sina viWirviT, aramed ara iwroeba gviCns, war-RaTu-wirul varT, aramed ara ganwiruleba gviCns~ (II kor. 4, 8), radgan mas samyaros mSve-nierebis Wvreta obloba-siglaxakeSic xelewifeba _ nislebsa da weroebTan mosaubres...

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wminda mamebis ganmartebiT, `Wiri yvela marTals poulobs cxovrebaSi gakeTebuli arCevanis gamo, radganac Wirni swored imaTi xvedria, vinc ganiersa da farTo gzas gverdi auqcia da viwrosa da naRvlians daadga~ (wm. basili didi, Txzulebani, Tb., 2002, gv. 160).…

vaJa kvirias gansakuTrebulobas warmoaCens detaliT: `sanTlisa Suqze wamodga datan-julisa feriTa~.

maTureli TiTqos Tavidanve sanTlis, naTlis SaravandSi, wmindanis nimbiT warmoCnde-ba. `datanjuli (mgloviare) ieric~ mis gansakuT-rebulobas amkveTrebs (`netar iyvnen mglovareni guliTa, rameTu isini nugeSinis-cemul iqmnnen~ (maTe 5, 4)).

mxarze Tofi gadaugdia, wveri `gahbudebia~, wels wneliT akravs danjRreul qarqaSSi Cagebuli xmali (ioane naTlismcemelsaca hgavs Tmagabudebuli, welSemosartyluli...).

(wminda werili gvmoZRvravs: `moirtyeniT welni gonebaTa TquenTani,... sruliad es-evdiT mowevnulsa mas Tquenda madlsa gamocxadebisa iesu qristessa, viTarca Svilni morCilebisani~(I petre 1, 13)).

fSavloba ierze etyoba. Tofis tuCs dayrdnobili, dafiqrebuli umzers sajareSi martoka mofusfuse `ber diacs~, sanaTas. kviria

`cremlebs iwmendda xeliTa, iziarebda bebris dardssaxis SeWmuxvniT xmeliTa~.saxis sixmelec adasturebs, rom kviria xorcs ar alaRebs. misi cremlic maRali suli-

erebis warmomCenia (aki cremli madlia suliwmidisa).TanalmobiT, tkiviliT ismens diacis godebas:`srul Cven rada varT tanjvaSi, kvnesa rad ismis CveniTa?rodemdis unda vstirodeT, miwa vasveloT cremliTa,an miwa rad ara ZReba damdnaris gulis wveniTa?!~sanaTas amonakvnesi Tavad kvirias satkivaricaa. aTrTolebuli xmiT gamohkiTxavs qals

Tavsdamtydari ubedurebis Sesaxeb.xatis wyalobad aRiqvams `beri (moxuci) diaci~ mamakacis sajareSi gamoCenas. xatisav

wyalobas usurvebs kviria sanaTas, dedaSvilobis madls daaficebs da sTxovs, auxsnas, `sajares diacs ra unda~.

gulCaTuTquli ismens sanaTas monaTxrobs da Semdeg, dawvrilebiT mouTxrobs Tavis Tavgadasavalsac.

`bevri Wiri~ unaxavs, Txrobisas reti esxmis (rarig hgavs es pasaJi tarielis gancdebs WirTa Txrobisas) :

òcs wels srul sxviSvilada var, samSoblo gamiwiria,maTureli var Zirada, saxelad mqvia kviria~.maRalTa TavmdablobiT ityvis: `Cemfera ukeTurebi yunWebic bevri hxiria~ (CemsaviT

usargeblo `kunZic bevri gamoxirulao~).fSavs ùbinadrod~ darCenili, bedis saZieblad wasula, `metismeti tanjva~ unaxavs,

òbloba-beCaobis obi~ sdebia. òr-kviraobiT mSier-Semcivnuli gdebula~... gaWirvebis gamo naadrevad dasdeboda drouli kacis ieri...

oc weliwads mwyemsad yofiliyo TuSeTSi. tkiviliT hyveboda, magram lamazad: `...fSavis xevis stumarsa marto vxedavdi mTvaresa.sabarod gadmamavalTa ambavs vkiTxavdi weroTa.ra werilobas gagviwevs, Tovlze ambavi vweroTa?!oc wels miwa maqv loginad, ca maxuria sabnada,avdarSi Savi nislebi tanze mexveva nabdada~.Tovlze naweri ambaviviT rodi `damdnariyo~ nanax-gancdili...ras daebrunebina kviria mSobliur fSavSi? TuST iaraRi aesxaT sparselTagan iavar-

qmnili kaxeTis saxsnelad, maTureli fSavel- xevsurTa Sesayrelad warmoegzavna zezvas.kvirias TanamoZmeTaTvis unda euwyebina gansacdelSi myofTa danabarebi: `mterma dagvCagra, gviSveleT, gautexelno guliTa!ubarod, gana ar iciT, mTanic ro vera gvaroben?gviSveleT, fSavel-xevsurno, barze TaTrebi xaroben.

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Cvenis saydrebis trapezTan exla molebi galoben~.qveynis iavarqmnis usazarles metaforad molas `galobas~ warmoaCens kviria (Tavad

vaJa) (`sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli~ (~mamuli~), _ `saukuneTa mRvrie mravlobis~ miRma Seexmianeba galaktioni…).

WeSmariti eriskacis gulistkiviliT mouTxrobs kviria sanaTas kaxeTis gasaWiris Ses-axeb:

`mTeli kaxeTi qceula Ciqila-moxdil qalada.ara sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa,kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.kviria mamulisaTvis brZolaSi daRupulT Sehnatris da ucnauri winaTgrZnobiT am-

bobs, iqneb, oriod kviraSi `Savxvde SaveTis karzedao~ (`SaveTis~ rodi, sasufevlis `kar-ze~ Sexvdeba…).

sanaTas uyveba, magram, TiTqos, ufro mrwamss ganimtkicebs, daidasturebs: `manama vcocxlobT, mteri gvyav, bevrad sjobs, viyneT cdazeda, roca dro mova ... de, gaqres bedis varskvlavi cazeda! (`brZeni sjera mowevnadsa..~).cocxals ki unda exuros vaJkacsa qudi Tavzeda;sicocxles augiansa sikvdili mijobs xmalzeda (`sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili

saxelovani~).ros Cemi bina sxvas hrCeba, Cemi coli da Svilebi,Tu duSmnis xmali ar momklavs, me TviTon gavigmirebi~.kvirias sibrZne saukuneTa siRrmeebSia fesvgadgmuli, nasaZirkvlevi _ zogadqarTu-

lia, namdvilqarTuli (amadac exmianebian saqarTvelos didi mesityveni (SoTa da vaJa) erTurTs aswleulTa uSoresi samanebidan).

Cqarobs kviria, zezvais danabarebi gadasces fSavel-xevsurT. soflebi kardakar unda daiaros. gabednierebuli sanaTa ar daayovnebs, ar daabrkolebs, gzas daulocavs, qada-purebs usagzlebs da uflis wyalobas usurvebs.

...xmaurobs, brZolas eSureba Seyrili laSqari. mxolod kviria dgas dafiqrebuli, saxemwuxare (kvlav _ `mglovare guliTa~), joxs dayrdnobili (ioanesaviT _ uflis mkerds miyrdnobili...…).

`ras fiqrobs obol kviria, amis gamgebi vin ari? ara mJRavndeba gulidam fiqrebi amamdinari~.pursa da arays aZaleben daRonebuls, ganmartoebuls mxedarni. beri luxumi agulianebs, Tu cudi sizmari naxe, mogxsni werasao. didxans veras daacdenineben ras, mere yasidad daemuqrebian, `CamogyriT droSis

Werasao~. kviriac uwadinod mohyveba av zmanebas: trial mindorze mihqroda Turme, qari-viT swraf cxenze amxedrebuli, Tavmomwone. U

uecrad sami sanTeli daenTo xmlis vadaze, `Suqi ciuri jvara da (gamoesaxa) farzeda~ (pasaJi `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan~: `netari mamai grigol TvisiT agarakiT martoi STamovidoda xanZTas... sveti naTlisai friad brwyinvale cad aRwevnuli hfarvida mas. da iyo Tavsa missa jvari TvalTSeudgami garemo missa cissartyelissaxed, Suenierad rai gamoCndis Jamsa wvimisasa~; àbos wamebaSic~ wmindanis wamebis alags ganabrwyinebda var-skvlavi, `viTarca elvai cecxlisa~, `gansakvirvebeli naTeli~ gamosca wyalma da, ùkeTu xorcTa maT ganxrwnadTa esodeni pativi awve aCvena, ravden ufrois uxrwnelad aRdgomasa mas marTalTasa didebiTa da pativiTa gvirgvinosani ixilon Soris angelozTa!~).

trial velze ara Canda ra, `xSiri yoilis~ (yvavilis) meti. Savi, cecxlismsroleli veSapi `mohlokda~ yvavils (sparsi cecxliTa da maxviliT sravda kaxeTs, sruliad saqarT-velosac dahRireboda), kviriasac daeRira, magram xmliT gaupo Tavi maTurelma. `boroti sisxli~ Seafrqvia uxsenebelma, cxeni wauqcia, Tavad mxedaric ugrZnoblad dasca Zirs.

gons rom moego, qaTqaTa loginSi iwva kviria, Wadari Crdils hfenda, qedani dahRu-Runebda.

wamiT amobrwyinebulma mzem dahxeda, oboli sxivi dautova (kviriasTvis `gawira~) da gabrunda (es sxivi wmindanis Saravandad Semoeqsoveboda sasufevelSi wamebuls).

mklavze mieZina miqancul kvirias...èwyina luxums sizmari, cremlebi mosdis wyvilada,

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_ keTilad axdes! _ mainc sTqva gul-aCuyebiT, rbilada~.kviria lela baClels gaandobs gulisnadebs, Zmobas Sehficebs (`Tunda mimiRe mama-

dao~, etyvis), vinaobas auwyebs maTureli givis Svili.aRuwers qals baxtrionis cixes (lamis qajeTis cixis aRebis win tarielis, avTandili-

sa da fridonis TaTbirs miemsgavsos baxtrionis bWeTa ganxvnis kviria-lelaseuli gegma). ulamazes lelas yeenisaTvis naboZeb qalad uxmobs da cixe-simagris kars Signidan

gauRebs fSavel-xevsur-TuSTa laSqars.òRomc eSvelos Cvens jarsa, orsve sikvdili swadian~.es Segnebuli, gaazrebul-gacnobierebuli msxverplia, sauflo, maRali, aRsruleba

saxarebiseuli sibrZnisa: `romelman wariwymidos suli Tvisi CemTvis, man poos igi~ (maTe 10, 39).

msxverpli imisTvis gaiReba, Tavs imisTvis gaswiraven kviria da lela, `Cvenis say-drebis trapezTan~ molebma rom veRar ìgalobon..~

magram manamdis eWvis Crdili mainc adgeba momaval wmindans _ kvirias gauCinareba Seafiqrianebs laSqars:

`vin icis, naTrev kacia, ar iyos Ralatiani,duSmani ar gagvifrTxilos, saqme qnas naxlarTiani~.`naTreoba~ da `Ralatianoba~ sinonimebad aRuqvams mTielTa Seuryvnel bunebas. soflis (wuTisoflis) eWvs xevisberi gafantavs (janRs _ mzis Suqi...) _ luxumi daaSoSminebs avad gaRizianebul mxedarT: àr radme meWaSnikeba sityva koWli da lugumi.kacs magis metad ver icnobT, magis met ar gaqvT Snoeba?Ralats ra unda CvenSia, rogori gvadga droeba?!~(sauflo sibrZnis dammarxvelia xevisberi: `romeli ganurisxnes Zmasa Tvissa cudad

(amaod, tyuilubralod, umizezod), Tana-mdeb (Rirsi) ars sasjelisa~ (maTe 5, 22)).xevisbris mrwamsiT, `koWlia da lugumi~ gankiTxvis sityva.rodesac baxtrions TaTris Svilebs Savi dRe gauTendebaT, borbalaze gadmodgeba

Tavisuflebis mTvare, `saxelianTagan~ pirvels obol kvirias moixsenieben mxedarni, `saxe aqvs naTelianio~.

cixe-simagris karis gamRebs, lela baClelTan erTad karTanve akafuls, fSavSi mias-venebs danaRvlianebuli spa:

`mZimea Tavis qveyana, Tavis wyal-Wala Zliera,miwac tkbilia mSobluri, guls rom eyreba fxviera~.oc weliwads `sxvis Svilad~ myofi yaribi mwyemsi (uflis Tanamosaxele _ mwyemsi keTi-

lis mkerds miyrdnobili) `saxe naTeliani~ `dabrunda~ fSavs...Tovlze rodi, eris sulSi Caiwera ambavi...

Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989kvirias sizmarSi gmiris RvTaebrivi gardacvalebis suraTia mocemuli. kvirias goni

zesknelSia wasuli... didi Wandari igiv cxovrebis xea, beri qedani _ amiranis samzeoze amomyvani faskunjis saxenacvalia. es aris miTosuri samyaros samoTxe _ mzis sauflo, zeskneli.

qvesknelSi miZinebuli gmiris gonma ukve ixila momavali aRorZinebis sauflo... (gv. 193).

zurab kiknaZe, `baxtrionis~ dasasruli, Jurn. `balaveri~ #1-6, 1989vaJas ̀ baxtrioni~ gamarjvebis poemaa, xolo sadac gamarjvebaa, iq msxverpli gardauva-

lia. am tragikul WeSmaritebas Tavisi pirovnuli bediT acxadebs oboli kviria, magram is msxverplia ara rogorc erT-erTi dacemulTagani brZolaSi, aramed sakuTari nebiT Tavis mimtani samsxverploze mravalTa xsnisaTvis. amitomac atarebs am saxels _ kviria _ ùflisa~, `sauflo~..., zvarakis saxels. misi sabediswero upiratesoba laSaris goraze SekrebilTa Soris jer mis saxelSia damarxuli da misi matareblisaTvis dafarulia.…garegnuli sibeCave marxavs Sinagans, rac male gabrwyindeba...

omSi mimavali kviria atarebda winaTgrZnobas, rom daiRupeboda (ìqneba, am ors kvi-raze Savxvde SaveTis karzeda~), magram ar icoda, rogor gamoixateboda Tavganwirva, vi-

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dre sizmareulma xilvam da qalwulis gamoCenam ar gauxsna gza, romelsac gamarjveba unda moetana, mxsneli ki daRupuliyo.

Tu qadagis xilva mTeli laSqris, saymos sazogado xilvad iqca, kvirias sizmareuli Cveneba mxolod mas ekuTvnis, sizmarSi is marto iyo Savi gveleSapis winaSe da, rac laS-qars unda aesrulebina cxadSi, man sizmarSi martodmartom aRasrula. kviria ar Seswrebia sayovelTao jvarCenas. roca jvarma ciskidurze gadaiara, baxtrionisaken mimavalma, raTa iq daxvedroda laSqars, kviria, Tavisi winaswarmetyveluri sizmriT atanili, gaedevna lela baClels, raTa misTvis gaendo baxtrionis gatexvis gegma. misi sizmari namdvilad winaswarmetyveluri da sabediswero iyo, man Tavisi Tavi ixila wminda mxedrad, romlis umTavresi Rvawlia gveleSapis mokvla... kviria gveleSapis piridan amonTxeulma `borotma sisxlma~ imsxverpla.

sizmareuli suraTi apokalifsuri iyo, TiTqos ukanasknel dRes Seeswro kviria: `dRe iyo metad mrisxane, ca moRrublvili, mWexari..~

ca mrisxanebs, radgan aivso borotebis Tasi, mTeli qveynis siave `Sav veSapSia~ moq-ceuli. es aris ukanaskneli mteri.

pirquSi cis qveS yvavilebiT mofenili gzaa, `yoili, xSiri yoili dafeniliyo gza-zeda~.

`yoiliT~ mofenili gza rCeulTa savalia, maTi Sinagani didebis gamoxatuleba, Sei-Zleba, sikvdilis gzaa, ukanmouqceveli, magram, imave dros, es samoTxisdar samSobloze gamavali gzacaa, romelic kvirias unda gadaeRoba gveleSapisTvis (galaktioni ityvis: `sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda~ _ n.k.).

kviria imasac grZnobda, rom kosmiuri gamarjvebis zeimis monawile ver iqneboda, ma-gram ixilavda mzes axali cxovrebisa, romlis dadgomaSic lomis wili hqonda: `mzec amobr wyinda, meCvena..~ kvirias daenaxveboda mze, rogorc dasturi axali dRis gaTenebisa, magram ver datkbeboda misi WvretiT, ver moeswreboda mis gaZlierebas SuadRisas.

kvirias mklavi, roca is gveleSaps utevda, uflis xelma gaaZliera, RmerTi Seeweoda mas da niSansac aZlevda gamarjvebis sasod: `Suqi ciuri jvarada gamomesaxa farzeda~

kviria mimxvdariyo, rom sizmari ueWvelad axdeboda, sizmari mTlianad, da ara mx-olod misi sasikeTo nawili _ Tu acxaddeboda gveleSapis Zleva, mZlevelis daRupvac unda acxadebuliyo. ufali jer Tu Seeweoda mtris ZlevaSi, gamarjvebuls miatovebda. `RmerTo Cemo, RmerTo Cemo, raisTvis damiteveb me?!~ _ es fiqri Tu gaielvebda kvirias sizmareul gonebaSi.

`ras fiqrobs obol kviria, amis gamgebi vin ari?~ _ kiTxulobs avtori... kviriasTvis cxadi gaxda, rom is msxverplad iyo gawiruli uflis mier, swored is, oboli, usaxlkaro. uTvistomo, uSvilZiro, TiTqos araamqveyniuri suli, saidanRac Semoxiznuli, glaxaki suliTa, romelic arafers moiTxovs am wuTisoflisgan, romlis upatio garegnobis miRma (`Camoglej-Camowewili, erTi yaribi, uSno ram~) qristes mxedris dideba imaleboda.

sizmarma Caagona kvirias kadnieri azri, rom mas hqonda sakuTari gza, unda garide-boda laSqars, Tundac moRalatis saxeli daegdo (`Tu kacma ver scno Cveni guli, xom icis RmerTma..~. _ ityoda ilia _ n.k.), sizmarma aCvena mas oblobis daniSnuleba da ganwirule-bac _ niSani rCeulobisa...

aha, modis qalwuli Tavisi sizmriT da laSqari ismens am sizmars, magram mxolod kvirias SeuZlia, Caswvdes mis azrs... mxolod kviria mixvdeboda, rom lelas sizmriseuli `kaci ram kupriviT~ sxva aravin SeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu ara Tavad kviriaseuli sizmris Savi veSapi. RvTismSobeli _ `diaci mzisa feria~ _ qalwuls akisrebda Surisgebas.

laSqari Tavis Tavze iRebs Surisgebis tvirTs da Seubraleblad istumrebs ukan qal-wuls...

Tu Zveli miTosis gveleSapis msxverplad gawirul qalwuls gamoixsnis gmiri, `bax-trionSi~ Tavad gmirs, romelic qalwulis mxsneli unda yofiliyo, Tavisi xeliT mihyavs igi msxverplad gveleSapisTvis, raTa misi mSvenebac da sicocxlec ufro maRali Rireb-ulebisaTvis gaiwiros.

qal-vaJi Sedis xaxaSi im veSapisa, romelic vaJis sizmarSi `yoilTan miwas mohlokda cecxlis msrolelis eniTa~... maT imave xerxiT unda sZlion baxtrionis cixes, rogorc preistoriuli gmirebi Zleven gveleSaps: marduqi, amirani, indra, herakle, iasoni, vidre

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gaimarjvebdnen, jer STainTqmebian, gveleSapis mucelSi moxvdebian, raTa Signidan gakve-Ton igi... gveleSapi garedan uZlevelia, is Signidan unda gaipos. `jer Sasvla ari saWiro, rom kacm ixmaros danao~, ambobs kviria, TiTqos gulisxmobdes amiranis danas, romliTac gveleSapis ferdi gaikveTa (gv. 116-119).

aluda qeTelauri vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani, Tb., 1985(kritika b. ip. varTagavasi)

`aluda qeTelauri~... aris aSenebuli sruliad ubralo martivs ambavze, ubralo Sem-Txvevaze. aluda qeTelaurs qistebma cxeni mohpares. qurdebs mdevrad gamoudgeba, erTs maTgans TofiT mohklavs, xolo moklulis amxanagi vaJkacurad dauxvdeba, Tumca esec msxverpli xdeba aludasi, magram moxiblavs mas Tavis vaJkacobiT da, roca Camovardeba saubari mucalis mokvlaze, xandaxan Sesandobars dahlevs aluda qistisas _ luds an arays.

marjvenis moWra-mouWrelobaze zepirgadmocema arafers gveubneba.xalxuri Tqmulebisa mTeli Tavi da bolo es aris (gv. 736). ***fSavlebis Zveli samarTali da saojaxo wesebi fSavlebis CveulebiTi samarTali ar aris mravalmuxlovani da rTuli... fSavlebis

samarTals is xasiaTi aqvs, rom yoveli saqme adgilobriv gairCeoda, sofels, Tems... ar gascildeboda... sasjels damnaSavisaTvis mTeli Temi, sofeli daadgenda.

sasjeli ornairi iyo: 1) fizikuri (Caqolva); 2) zneobrivi (mokveTa, sazogadoebidam gaZeveba).

Caqolvas gamoiwvevda xatisa da Temis moRalateoba, qalisa da kacis siyvaruli, rode-sac am siyvarulis nayofi gamoCndeboda...

sazogadoeba moikveTda Tavis wevrs qurdobisaTvis, xatis wesis daklebisaTvis, Te-mis piris gatexisaTvis, anu upirobisaTvis, mayvedrobisaTvis. mokveTils saxlSi aRaravin SeuSvebda, aRarcavin imasTan gaivlida; moukvdeboda vinme _ Zvelis Cveulebisamebr aRa-ravin mihxedavda, Temi arafriT Seeweoda, wisqvilica da samWedlos karebic daxSuli iyo mokveTilisaTvis; xatSi, yrilobaSi aRar gaatarebda xalxi mokveTils.

soflisagan mokveTili xatisganac mokveTili iyo: xevisberi saklavs ar dauklavda, saxvewars ar `daudidebda~, wyalobas ar gamosTxovda xats.

mokveTils... eZleoda saSualeba TemTan Serigebisa... unda mieyvana xari da cxvari xatSi, soflisaTvis Seewira isini da Sehxvewnoda sofelsa, daedo piroba, fici _ Sem-degisaTvis gafrTxilebuliyo da aRar Caedina samarcxvino saqme... yrilobis Tamjdomare iyo xevisberi.

Zveli da axali fSavlebis poeziaigiv saqme, rasac dRevandeli moxeleebi mravlisagan-umravlesni akeTeben didis vai-

vaglaxiT, aurzauriT, davidarabiT, maSin ubralod keTdeboda: gqonda saCivari vizedme, iqve mezoblebic iyvnen; dauZaxebdi or-sam kacs, `dahsxamden~ kacebs da saqmes xelad gaarCevdnen (gv. 624).

gigi xornauli, cxovreba vaJa-fSavelasi, Tb., 1987ilia werda vaJas Sesaxeb: `rusTvelis Semdeg Cven aseTi poeti ara gvyolia~.arc rusTveli da arc vaJa ar iZlevian personaJTa portretul aRweras... ar aquc-

maceben TavianT idealur gmirebs... raime erTi moqneuli fraziT, `geniosuri kalmis mos-miT~ (ilia) aRweven gaugonar STambeWdaobas...

roca vaJa erT-erTi Tavisi sayvareli personaJis, aluda qeTelauris mimarT ityvis, `kacia davlaTianio~, Tvalwin warmogvidgeba RmerTTan wilnayari, dinji vaJkaci, war-mogvidgeba Tavisi xasiaTiTac da garegnobiTac.

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garegnul daukonkreteblobasTan erTad, vaJas gmirebi Sinaganadac ar arian konkret-ulni. miuxedavad didi socialuri tkivilebisa, misi gmirebi ar arian socialurni. isini ar arian CvenTvis nacnobi konkretuli epoqisa da sazogadoebrivi fenis SexedulebaTa matarebelni, es ki maT TiTqos droisa da sivrcis miRma ayenebs da monumentur zogadada-mianur xasiaTs aniWebs~, _ n. naTaZis mosazrebas imowmebs g. xornauli (gv. 125) (n. naTaZe, vaJa-fSavelas warsuli da momavali, `ciskari~ #7, 1961).

***grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957`mklavis moWra ar warmoadgens adaTobrivi simarTlis normas. TviT Temsac aluda

imitom ar gauZevebia, rom man mklavi ar mosWra mucals. aludas gaZeveba am niadagze ar momxdara. saqme isaa, rom aludas qcevam, misma moqmedebam sxva sibrtyeze gadainacvla _ sarwmunoebriv sibrtyeze...

mklavis moWra araa norma, misgan gadaxveva SesaZlebelia, es ar iwvevs sasjels saer-Tod da arc kerZod aludas mimarT gamouwvevia. metic,... aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac am Cveulebisagan gadaxveva pirovnebis RirsebaTa simaRlesac ki aRniSnavs.

magaliTad, ìvane kotoraSvilis ambavSi~ vaJa ase axasiaTebs ivane kotoraSvils: `... metad lamazad icoda wesi da rigi omisa.

mas ara hqonda wesada mtrisad moeWra marjvena.mters ro mokvlidis, ityodis: `veRara vjijgni, mrcxvenia,mkvdars ro marjvena movaWra, ra WkvaSi mosaxdenia!ra biWobaa, usulos leSs kidev sisxli vadino~... (gv. 64)`namdvili pirovneba cxovrebis yvela movlenisadmi Tavisi damokidebulebis garkveu-

lobiT sxvebsac garkveulobas aiZulebs~ (gv. 66).àluda qeTelaurSi~ aludas momavals gansazRvravs mucalis vaJkacoba. poemis cno-

bili adgili, sadac aludasa da mucalis pirispir Sexvedra da mucalis sikvdilia gad-mocemuli, Seesatyviseba am motivis xalxur leqsebSi gansaxierebas... mTeli poema vaJam daafuZna im mudaris Zalaze, rac xalxur leqsSi asea gadmocemuli:

ìvane Tofsa Caujda, gulze dahxvia alia,waiqca qalundauri, iremma dasxna rqania.xelsa nu mamWri, ivane, saxeli mainc Senia.mxarzeiT Tofsa nu mamxdi, _ WiuxSi jixvTa mteria;welzeiT xmalsa nu Samxsni _ xevsurTad kais mqnelia~...erTi xalxuri leqsi luxumze aseT striqonebs Seicavs: àr SaSindebis luxumi, feri

daido mglisao~... mteri moxibla, gaaoca luxumis vaJkacobam: àr gind, luxumo, ar mog-klavT, bralia kais ymisao~... (gv. 171).

iuza evgeniZe, vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1989`mucalis sulieri Zalebisadmi aludas Tayvaniscema imdenad didia, rom es grZnoba

arRvevs yvelaze Seuvals _ sxvadasxva rwmenis matarebel adamianTa Soris aRmarTul re-ligiur kedels~ (gv. 278).

akaki gawerelia, rCeuli nawerebi, t. II, Tb., 1965àluda qeTelaursa~ da `stumar-maspinZelSi~ vaJam gviCvena Tavisi sayvareli gmirebis

zneobrivi martooba TanamoZmeTa Soris (gv. 186).

akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi, `ganTiadi~ #2, 1989zneobrivad aluda marTalia, magram marTalia sazogadoebac _ igi icavs dadgenil

wes-Cveulebas.. es wes-Cveuleba garkveul istoriul periodSi sazogadoebis erTiano-bis, simtkicisa da Zlierebis safuZvelia. amitom sazogadoeba ver dauSvebs, rom yoveli pirovneba, rarig marTalica da Zlieric ar unda iyos igi, iqceodes ise, rogorc mis gune-ba-ganwyobas moesurveba. amgvari Tavisuflebis dros sazogadoebis erTianoba-mTlianoba daiSleba da qaosi gamefdeba. qaosi ki daRupviT daemuqreba rogorc pirovnebas, aseve sazogadoebas. amas kargad xedavs da grZnobs TviT aludac (`jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu

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swyevT~), magram mas ar ZaluZs, moerios Tavs da dahmorCildes sazogadoebis mier miRe-bul wess.

àluda qeTelaurSic~ ori simarTle upirispirdeba erTmaneTs _ simarTle pirovnebi-sa da simarTle sazogadoebisa. aqac sazogadoeba imarjvebs da pirovneba marcxdeba... sazogadoeba imarjvebs xorcielad, magram marcxdeba sulierad... sazogadoebas SeuZlia moikveTos, gaaZevos aluda qeTelauri, magram ar xelewifeba misi damorCileba, damoneba...

axali simarTle, romelic sazogadoebis cnobierebas cvlis, pirovnebas moaqvs (gv. 198-199). ***Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989jer kidev leqsSi `devebis qorwili~ Semzaravi misteriis monawile ganicdis Zmis

xorciT ZRomis saSinelebas. am leqsiT eziara ocdaxuTi wlis vaJa samyaros tragikuli pirveldasabamis, sikeTisa da borotebis dionisur saidumlos. vaJasav èTerSic~ kaciWa-miuri zeimia warmoCenili.

`devebis qorwilSi~ `Zmis xorci rogora vWamoo~, _ kivis `vinme yma~ da es vinme yovel adamianSi davanebuli sindisia. am kiTxvaSia moqceuli adamianis pirovnuli meobis, misi kacuri Rirsebis, misi, rogorc adamianis, yofna-aryofnis alternativa. am Tavzardamcem SeZaxilSia koncentrirebuli vaJas `devebis qorwilis~ ideuri dvrita.

es ̀ dausrulebeli~ kivili Tu kvnesa tragikul eqosaviT ismis vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi. `devebis qorwilis~ xmierebidan iRebs saTaves vaJas qveskneluri vizionebi (xilvebi), rom-lebic Tavisi Semzaravi sicxadiT dantes jojoxeTis sisxlian Cvenebebs gvagonebs.

vaJaseuli `Zma~ qristianulad moazrebuli moyvasia, romelic iseve unda giyvardes, rogorc Tavi Tvisi.

vaJas `devebis qorwilis~ miTosuri arqetipi (kacis xorcis Wama) àluda qeTelauris~ mxatvrul-ideur struqturaSi pirovnebis Sinagani gardaqmnis aRmniSvnel masalad aris gamoyenebuli (gv. 74).

vaJas poemebs Soris pirovnebis Sinagan feriscvalebas, gardaqmnasa Tu zneobriv axlad Sobas yvelaze Rrmad da srulad àluda qeTelauri~ gamoxatavs. aludas saxe `Soreulad avtoris sulier midrekilebaTa anarekli da misi xasiaTis oreulia~ (simon Ciqovani).

poemaSi mkveTrad saCinovdeba ori plani _ fabuluri da siRrmiseuli... poemaSi gaSlili moqmedebisa da koliziebis Sinaarsis gageba mxolod am ori planis swori urT-ierTSepirispirebis Semdeg xdeba sacnauri.

aludas moqmedeba gaugebaria fabuluri planis farglebSi, raki misi fesvi aludas qvecnobierebaSia dafaruli, rac poemaSi vizioniTa da sizmriT aris proecirebuli. ̀ alu-da qeTelauris~ Sinagan centrs swored es adgilebi warmoadgens (gv. 87).

vaJa-fSavela Tavisi poeturi miznebis Sesabamisad modificirebul Tems gvixatavs, Tems, romelic ... gacilebiT ufro arqaulia, vidre vaJas Tanadrouli fSav-xevsureTis sazogadoeba iyo.

àluda qeTelaurSi~ gamoxatuli Temi sakraluri sazogadoebaa, romlis `Suaguls~ satomo RvTaeba _ gudanis jvari warmoadgens.

gudanis jvari xevsurTa uzenaesi mfarvelia iseve, rogorc fSavel-TaTvis _ laSaris jvari, moxeveTaTvis _ samebis xati, xolo mTiulTaTvis _ lomisis xati (sakuTriv Sati-lionTa mfarveli anatoris jvaria) (gv. 89).

SatilionTa Temis TiToeuli wevri xatis, RvTisSvilis anu batonis winaSec Tanas-woria. batonis winaSe TavianT erTianobas xevsurni xatobaze gamoxataven... batons (xats) da ymas (adamians) Soris Suamavali xevisberia... SatilionTa Temis religiuri kanoni sta-tiurad daxSuli da Seuvalia _ igi ver itans xelyofasa da saxecvlilebas.

poemis mixedviT, sakraluri sazogadoebis upirvelesi dogma kacobriobis `rjuli-anad~ da ̀ urjulod~, ̀ monaTlulad~ da ̀ mounaTlavad~ dayofaa. ̀ rjuliania~ ... xevsurTa qristiani tomi, kerZod, gudanis jvris uzenaesobiT gaerTianebuli SatilionTa Temi, `mounaTlavi~, ùrjulo~, da `rjulZaRlia~ mTeli danarCeni kacobrioba, romelic po-emaSi qistebis saxiTaa dakonkretebuli.

SatilionTa Temis cnobierebaSi ùrjulo~ ganasaxierebs samyaros bneli, boroti Za-lebis saxes _ eSmaks, als, devs (àra varT xevsurT Svilebi ymani eSmakis, alisa~).

Temur sazogadoebaSi ucxo tomis kaci iseTive mtruli da TiTqmis gausulierebeli

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an borotebis ganmasaxierebeli Zalaa, rogorc bunebis stiqiuri Zalebi... SatilionTaTvis mteri arakaci da `rjulZaRlia~, imTaviTve codviani da `kuprSi mielis qSenani~.

`magram tradicia Cvengan faravs swored imas, rasac igi, erTi SexedviT, sayovelTaod gasagebsa xdis, raki sayovelTaod gasagebia swored dafaruli... is, rac yvelasTvis gas-agebia, calkeulad aravisTvis araa gasagebi. is, rac yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomia, aravis Sinagan monapovrad ar iqceva. tradicia stereotipul, standartul pasuxebs iZleva kiTx-vebze, romlebsac TiToeulma kacma Tavisi pasuxi unda gasces~ (haidegeri)...

àluda qeTelaurSi~ sami, erTmaneTTan mizezobrivad dakavSirebuli, didmniS-vnelovani nawili SeiZleba gamoiyos: brZola, sizmris gamocxadeba da xatoba.

brZolaSia fesvi aluda qeTelauris feriscvalebisa,sizmarSia naCvenebi am feriscvalebis Sinaarsi,xolo xatobaze _ misi Sedegi.mucalTan brZolidan dabrunebuli, `bunebagadabrunebuli~, Sinaganad ferSecvlili

aluda TandaTan uaxlovdeba Satils, magram Satili isev iseTia, rogoric aludas brZo-lad wasvlamde iyo. mas `ca axuria kldisa~ da ar uSvebs `SuadRis mzes~... imedas qavis (adamianTa sacxovrisis) simbolo mzis mwveli sxivebiT damdnari mtris moWrili marjve-naa...

antikur zneobriobas (Surisgebas) upirispirdeba qristianuli (miteveba)... mxolod codvis gamosyidviT SeiZleba aRixocos Tavdapirveli codva.

imis gageba, rom SurismaZiebeli mkvleli marTali ar aris, uZnelesi ramaa. amis gamgebs jvars acvamen. amis gageba surs kacTa maradi mtrobis morevSi CaTreul aludas.. `Sen ro sxva mahkla, Senc mogkvlen, mters ar SaarCens gvaria~ _ es daxSuli wre unda gaar-Rvios qeTelaurma, raki xedavs, rom dabadebidan sikvdilamde sisxlSi dgas, sisxlsa svams Rvinod da sisxlsa sWams purad kacismkvleli kaci, raki grZnobs, rom aseTi kacis xvedri maradi sisxlisRvra da bolos mtris xeliT miRebuli sikvdilia (gv. 111).

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom Temis tradiciul, sayovelTaod aRiarebul religiur WeSmaritebaSi aludas daeWveba RvTis, anu gudanis jvris RvTaebriv WeSmaritebaSi dae-Wvebas ar gulisxmobs.

RvTisadmi sruli rwmenis (da ara misdami dapirispirebis) safuZvelze uaryofs qeTe-lauri manamde misTvisac gaSinaganebul Temis religiur TvalTaxedvas (gv. 112).

aluda gudanis jvris nebisa da WeSmaritebis gaTvaliswinebiT, misdami rwmenis safuZ-velze da am rwmeniT gulavsili moiTxovs xevisberisagan mucalisaTvis samxvewros dawya-lobnebas... aludas ara marto isa swams, rom gudanis jvrisaTvis ùrjulis~ Saxvewebaa SesaZlebeli, aramed isic, rom xevisberi, rogorc RvTis nebis aRmasrulebeli, Tanadgo-mas gauwevs...

gudanis jvari, rogorc qristianuli RvTaeba, sxvadasxvanairad esmiT xevisbersa da aludas: berdiasaTvis gudanis jvari erTxel da samudamod dadgenili tradiciuli Rmer-Tis gaqvavebuli saxea, aludasaTvis _ uSualos wvdomili cocxali RmerTi.

aluda eziara im universaluri RmerTis WeSmaritebas, romlisTvisac ar arsebobs mtrad da moyvrad, rjulianad da urjulod, codvilad da ucodvelad gaTiSuli ka-cobrioba. yovelive erTi da igivea da yoveli erTiani RmerTis saufloSia Seyvanili... mzisebr amomxdari maxviliT qeTelauri angrevs Satilis Tavze damxobil... `kldis cas~, raTa daanaxos TvistomT usasrulo, maradiuli ca qristianuli RmerTisa (gv. 132).

pirovnebebi warmoadgenen ukunis gamarRvevel sinaTlis sxivs... mas Semdeg, rac aseTi kaci gaivlis Cven winaSe, Cven metad aRar SegveZleba, iseTnairebi viyoT, rogorebic ma-namde viyaviT _ ali yovelTvis cecxlsa Sobs.

pirovneba SekumSuli, dawuruli saxiT mocemuli sazogadoebaa da pirovnebis zneoba sazogadoebis Sinagani sawyisia.

amdenad, pirvelis Sinagani monapovari, adre Tu gvian, meoris monapovrad iqceva.`codvas~ poemaSi mxolod aluda axsenebs, sxva gmirebs marto ànderZi~ agondebaT.

***vaJa xornauli, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia, gaz. `libo~ #4, 1997, gv. 2aludas deda grZnobs, `sxvakanac daviwyeviTao~.aluda qeTelaurs yvelgan iseTi sasjeli moelis, jer SatilSi, Semdeg gudanis sa-

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locavSi rom gamoutanes: vaJkacuri saqcielisTvis laCrobas daswameben, didi siyvaru-lis gamo rjulis amgdebad da moRalated gamoacxadeben, `Znelad saTqmeli~ tanjvisTvis gaimeteben, erTi kuTxidan meoreSi gaaZeveben, magram aludas sibrZnis marcvali da nakva-levi yvelgan darCeba, yvelgan aRmoCndeba Tundac erTi adamiani, romelic jer igrZnobs, xolo Semdeg gaiTavisebs Satilionis arsebaSi didi feriscvalebis Sedegad dabadebuli rwmenisa da tkivilis sidiades.

kacobriobis maradiuli gza da bedisweraa gaazrebuli àluda qeTelaurSi~.

***Tamaz vasaZe, gamaerTianebeli tanjva, àrili~, 1 ivnisi, 1996, gv. 2adamianis sulieri feriscvaleba, romelic vaJa-fSavelas ̀ aluda qeTelaurSia~ warmo-

saxuli, ucnauria Tavisi radikalurobiT _ gamocdili, mravali mtris momkvleli meomari, mtruli eTnosis da sarwmunoebis mimarT fanatikuri siZulviliTa da zizRiT gaJRenTili kaci, morigi mxedruli faTerakis Semdeg ucabedad imsWvaleba adamianTa modgmis er-Tianobis SegnebiTa da universaluri religiurobiT, SeiZagebs cxovrebis agresiul wess, sisastikes, sisxlisRvras, rac manamde ara marto sruliad bunebrivi iyo misTvis, aramed siqveledac ki eTvleboda da mkacri tradiciebiT, dogmebiT Semosaltuli, erTsaxovani sazogadoebis organuli nawili damoukidebel, humanur pirovnebad gardaiqmneba...

raRac gansakuTrebuli impulsia aucilebeli imisaTvis, rom mkvlels mokluli, ùr-julo~, ise Zlierad Seebralos da Seuyvardes, `Tavis lamaz Zmad~ miiCnios igi.

imis garda, rom aluda da mucali erTnairad Zlieri, uSiSari da Seupovari mebrZole-bi arian, isini erTnair Seurigeblobasa da mZulvarebas iCenen mowinaaRmdegis sarwmunoe-bis mimarT. am niSniT maTi paradoqsuli msgavseba imdenad srulia, TiTqos erTmaneTis oreulebad aqcevs mtrebs. erTi da imave sityviT gamoxataven erTnair, Seuwynarebel da zizRian damokidebulebas mtris religiisadmi _ ̀ rjul-ZaRlo~. es saSineli sityva tyvia-saviT zuzunebs da tyviebis moZraobas sdevs Tan.

mucalTan orTabrZolis Semdeg aludas msoflxedvaSi momxdari gardatexis Sinaarss, upirvelesad, imis Secnoba Seadgens, rom adamianebis gamijvna rjulianebad da urju-loebad, RmerTis madliT mosilebad da RvTisagan moZulebulebad, srulfasovnebad da arasrulfasovnebad arasworia. aluda am daskvnas akeTebs imis safuZvelzec, rom misi da mucalis damokidebuleba erTmaneTis religiisadmi savsebiT msgavsia: mucali iseve sas-tikad icavs Tavisi sarwmunoebis upiratesobas da sZuls mtris religia, rogorc aluda icavs Tavis erTaderT WeSmarit rjuls da sZuls mucalis religia.

mucalis uCveulo, sasowarkveTili Jesti _ balaxis mogleja da WrilobaSi Cafena _ sulisSemZvrelia, erTbaSad xdeba TvalsaCino sicocxlesTan ganSorebis tkivilis ganu-zomeli siRrme.

es araCveulebrivad metyveli, tragikuli Jesti daanaxvebs aludas, pirvelad sicocx-leSi, ra sazarelia sikvdili, sicocxlesTan gayra, imasac, ra saSinelebaa, sicocxle waarTva sxva adamians, iyo mkvleli...

mtrobaze, agresiaze, sisxlian SurisZiebaze damyarebuli cxovrebisadmi aludas ziz-Ri vlindeba mis koSmarul xilvebSi.

sizmarSi aludam xelmeored unda Caidinos is, rac ase awamebs _ xelaxla moklas mu-cali, romlis agoniac, sulTmobrZaobis tanjvac TiTqos usasrulod grZeldeba, aRar mTavrdeba (`minda sikvdili, ar vkvdebi~).

sizmarSi nanaxi mucali arsebiTad gansxvavebulia namdvilisagan. realobaSi `mucals ar swadis sikvdili~, sizmarSi _ TviTon eZiebs, raTa xevsurebs dautovos es samyaro _ sisxlisRvris asparezi...…

aluda ara marto TviTon ganicdis kaTarziss, mucalsac akeTilSobilebs, amaRlebs _ ara Rirs iseT sicocxles gamwarebiT moWideba, iseT sicocxlesTan ganSorebis gamo tanjva, romlis arsic `laSqrobiT, xmlebis qneviT ZRomaa~, kaciWamiobaa _ aseTia muca-lis sizmriseuli metamorfozis azri. mucali aq aludas oreulia, romelic mis yvelaze idumal saTqmels ambobs, misi Sinagani samyaros saukeTeso nawils ganasaxierebs. isini erTni arian, erT samyaros qmnian.

ase axlobeli gaxada mucali aludasaTvis misi sasikvdilo tanjvis Tanaziarobam.

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(Sdr. goderZi Coxeli, `qistTa beladi~;riCard oldingtoni, `fiqrebi germaneli jariskacis saflavTan~ _ n.k.).aluda Sinaganad ganicdis mucalis kvdomas, Sinaganad SeigrZnobs imas, rac ar SeiZle-

ba fizikurad SeigrZnos an dainaxos.…aluda mters Tavisiv msgavs, srulfasovan adamianad aRiarebs. isic iseTive RvTis-

Svilia, rogorc aluda.vaJa-fSavela wers: `bunebas Tavisi kanoni aqvs, kacTa cxovrebisaTvis damyarebuli... mTeli kacobrioba, Cveni planetis mcxovrebni, ramdenime modgmad ganiyofian, xolo

modgmani _ erebad. yovelive eri Sesdgeba adamianebisagan, romelnic ganirCevian isev erTi-erTmaneTisagan saxierebiT, gonebrivi da sulieri TvisebebiT.

saerTo Tvisebac sufevs maT Soris... SegviZlian, vupovnoT saerTo ram _ siyvaruli sicocxlisa da mwuxareba sikvdilisa gamo~.

am, mTeli kacobriobisaTvis saerTo, fenomenebTan SexebiT aRmoaCens aluda ùrju-lo~ mterSi adamians, adamianTa erTianobas, yvelasTvis erT, kacTmoyvare RmerTs, rac mas Sinaganad Tavisufal, sulierad Rrma pirovnebad aqcevs.

***lali cercvaZe, aludas sizmari, àrili~ #16 (108), 21-27 maisi, 1998, gv. 2 aluda arRvevs ritualis struqturas, arRvevs swored im miuRebeli normebis gamo,

romelTa araadamianurobas TandaTan acnobierebs. kuratis msxverplSewirvis ganxorcielebiT igi ukanasknel rgols Wris, romelic Zvel

samyarosTan akavSirebda. esoden didi movaleobis Tavis Tavze aReba mimarTulia sulieri Rirebulebis damkvidrebisken, axali Rirebulebis dasadgenad. swored am konteqstSi iqne-ba gasagebi, msxverplSewirvis ganxorcielebisas ratom gasxivosnda aludas xmali (`xeli gaikra frangulsa, Suqi amoxda mzisao~).

sizmriseuli ukan dabrunebiTa da ritualis namdvilobis ngreviT aluda wyvets kav-Sirs samyarosTan, miTis dangreviT axal Rirebulebebs amkvidrebs.

aluda qeTelauris feriscvaleba

`jer-ars Tquenda meored Sobai~ (ioane 3, 7)aluda qeTelauri Satilionia, TemSi gamorCeuli, pativdebuli xevsuri.àluda qeTelaurs~ swored am pirovnebis warmoCeniT iwyebs vaJa-fSavela:àluda qeTelauri kacia davlaTiani, safixvnos TavSi dajdebis, sityva maudis gziani;bevrs qists maaWra marjvena, scada franguli fxiani;cudas rad unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani~.aludas `davlaTianoba~ mxolod materialur simdidres rodi gulisxmobs, upirve-

lesad _ suliers. aluda `sityvagziania~ (kai ymas, upirvelesad, moeTxoveba `swors fiqrs aZlevdes Tem-sofels~ (`kai yma~), safixvnos (Temis sakrebulos) TavSi (!) zis. sityvagzians frangulic uWris.

kargi rom aris, mteric imad hyavs mravlad.raSic gamorCeuli hyavs, `fTiani~ (tatos meraniviT mxedris `bedis samZRvris~ miRma

gardamtarebeli).aseTs warmoaCens vaJa aludas poemis dasawyisSi. qeTelauri tradiciis erTgulia: `bevrs qists maaWra marjvena~.erT dResac, swored `fTiani~ (soflis remasTan erTad) mostaces qistebma (mucalma

da mucalis Zmam) aludas. qeTelaurma jerac ar icis, rom es dRe sabedisweroa misTvis; swored am dRes xdeba is, rac mis suls feriscvalebas ganacdevinebs.

aluda daedevneba gamtaceblebs, erTs umalve gamoasalmebs wuTisofels. meores didxans esroda, erTmaneTs `rjulZaRlod~ uxmobdnen. guli gaunaZoZa qeTelauris nas-rolma `RilRvels~.

sikvdils ar epueboda mucali, arca swadda, wyluls brZams (mTis balaxs) ìfevda~, mglis fers ar kargavda. rodesac sikvdilis garduvaloba igrZno, Rirseul metoqes _

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aludas gadugdo Tofi, Seni iyos, mters xelT ar Cauvardeso.`aludas Tofi ar unda, atirda, rogorc qalio,ar ahyris iaraRebsa, ar exarbeba Tvalio~.qaliviT atirebuli aludas sulSi iwyeba didi feriscvaleba. tirili, cremli _ niWi

da madli suliwmidisa ganwmends suls (cremls `Tvalis wylad~ ganmartavs sulxan-saba orbeliani). cremliT ganwmendili Tvali alafs ver dahxarbdeba.

jer cremlia, Semdeg _ gadawyvetileba: `marjvenas ar sWris mucalsa, ityoda: `codva ario; vaJkaco, Cemgan moklulo, RmerTma gacxonos mkvdario! mklavzedav gebas marjvena, Senzed alali ario! Sen xel Sens gulzed damiwdes, numc xarobs qavis kario!~mteri mters ibralebs, codvaa, RmerTma gacxonoso, mimarTavs mokluls.tradicias pirvelad Ralatobs aluda, pirvelad ebraleba xelis mosakveTad mteri,

radgan vaJkacma vaJkaci Seicno mosisxleSi, rCeulma _ rCeuli. sofels dabrunebuls moklulze fiqri ahkviatebia, ar exsneba WrilobaSi brZamf-

Cafenili mucalis aCrdili (`stumar-maspinZelSi~ vkiTxulobT: `kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidam ara hqreboda~).

Tems gamoutydeba fernacvali (jer bolomdis arca aqvs gacnobierebuli es feriscva-leba):

`im cxonebulsa mucalsa rkina sdebiyo gulada,...miT vaqeb vaJkacobasa, ar iyideba fulada~...TiTqos TavisTvis fiqrobdes, Tanac, Tems afxizlebdes, imavdroulad:`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT, martoT Cven gvz(r)dian dedani,Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT kuprSi mielis qSenani...amis TqmiT vwara-maraobT~...mtrisa vaJkacoba xiblavs aludas, sikvdilis sazar wamsac Rirsebis SenarCunebis un-

ari. qeTelauri acnobierebs tanjvis universalurobas (T. vasaZem rom `gamaerTianebel tanjvad~ monaTla), sikvdilis garduvalobas, imas, rom Tavad SeiZleba aRmoCeniliyo mucalis adgilze; ubralod, bedisweram ineba, Tavad gadaerCina, metoqe ki gaewira. bedis-werisagan gawiruli Rirseuli kaci aRmoCnda da am Rir-seulobam SeZra Satilioni (mklavi mucals ar mosWra, Torem `taxtaze daukidebav mucalis Zmisa mklavia~).

SeZruli xevsuri aqamdis ganucdels ganicdis, arnafiqrs fiqrobs:`visac mteroba maswyurdes, gaaRos saxlis karia,sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTanac Sigve mdgaria.Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria;pirjvari daiwerodes, miTam saydarSi aria.sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria,daipatiJos stumrebi, daamwkriodes jaria,sisxlSi daigos logini, gverds daiwvinos calia,bevri iyolos Svilebi, bevri vaJi da qalia,iqve saflavi gaTxaros, iq daimarxos mkvdaria~.aluda mucalTan mimarTebiT oden gonebiT ki ara, upirvelesad, guliT moqmedebs.

moxuc uSiSas gamoutydeba: `ver gavimete mucali marjvenis mosaWrelada,g u l i gamiwyra, ara hqna, rac saqnelia Znelada:dae, daakldes saxelsa, me girCevnivar mrCevlada~.aludam icis, rom, Tu mters marjvenas ar mohkveTs, `saxels daakldeba~, Tems ver

daarwmunebs, rom marTlac sZlia gadamTiels.marTlac, `xevsurTa axal-uxlebi gadaiqcian tyemlada...gamohqcevixar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada.mahkal, marjvena ar masWer, ukven misdevdi ma rada?~qeTelauri Temis winaSe Tavis gamarTlebas arc cdilobs, guls irCevs mrCevlad.

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fernacvali, gulnacvali gznebs, rom vervis auxsnis, vervis agznebinebs mizezs feriscvalebisa (iqneb, bolomdis Tavadac ara aqvs gacnobierebuli...).

dedasRa gamoutydeba, `guli Samekra radameo~ da Tavis sazar sizmars mouTxrobs. qeTelauris sulis ganwmendaSi, TiTqos, zenaari Zalebic Caerevian da SemZrav xilva-zmanebas mouvlenen.

aluda grZnobs, rom mkvleloba, kacis gawirva igiv kaciWamiobaa. `riT gansxvavdeba TofiTa da xmliT SeiaraRebuli mkvleli velurisagan?!~ (T. vasaZe). viRac warmoTqvams sizmarSi Semzarav sityvebs:

`kidev mimirTviT aludas wven-xorci gacxelebuli!~mimates kacis ulvaSiT wven-xorci Sanelebuli...sizmarT damtanjes, imiT var guneba-aRelvebuli~.erTaderT Tanamlmobelzec, mindiazec ganawyenebulia (mindiam, soflis dasarwmune-

blad, mucalis mokveTili marjvena amoitana. mindia jerac ver bedavs, win aRudges Temis nebas. mogvianebiT, roca Satilionni qeTelaurs moikveTen, `mindias mauwyliandis Tva-lebi~ _ misi sulic ganicdis feriscvalebas...).

`mucalamde aTi kaci hyavs mokluli aluda qeTelaurs. maTi mklavebi sakuTari Rirsebis sabuTad aqvs qavis karze gamokiduli. arc mucalis mokvlas mouxdenia masze iseTi STabeWdileba, rom msoflmxedveloba Sescvloda. igi Rirseul metoqed cno, ma-gram misi mokvla did codvad ar ganucdia. magram, sizmrebma rom datanjes, iwyeba alu-das metamorfoza. gavixsenoT `krizisuli sizmris~ aludaseuli `pirvelscena~, rodesac aludam mkvleloba, rogorc kaciWamioba, gaicnobiera. am travmuli faqtis gacnobierebis Semdeg aluda qeTelauris msoflmxedveloba icvleba. iwyeba saxecvlili aludas sazoga-doebasTan urTierTobis drama~ (g. gaCeCilaZe, variaciebi Temaze: aleqsandre yazbegi da koba-stalini, `Cveni mwerloba~, 19-25 seqtemberi, 2003, gv. 3).

àluda qeTelauris gaRviZebulma gulma igema saSineleba kaciWamiobas Semsgavsebuli mtrobisa da tanjviTa da wvalebiT ganvlo bWeni jojoxeTisani, raTa metad aRarasodes mibruneboda maT~ (Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989, gv. 119).

`vaJasTan, yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi, feriscvalebis sulieri safuZveli didi su-lieri Seryevaa, roca amoqmeddeba zecnobieri... zecnobieri xilviT adamiani uaxlovdeba RmerTs. xdeba ise, rogorc vaJa ambobs: ùflisa msgavsad iqceva, miT ufals gauCenia~ (`gamameria WaRara~) da rasac iTxovs maxarebeli: ìyveniT Tquen srul, viTarca mamai Tqueni zecaTai srul ars~ (maTe 5, 48) (akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi).

aludas gadarwmunebas amaod cdilobs mindia:`wesi ar aris mtris mokvla, Tu xel ar masWer daniTa.vai, egeTas samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTa~. codva-braliT monaTluli samarTliT veRar imoqmedebs fernacvali aluda. igi

grZnobs, rom Temi ar miutevebs, ukve, lamisaa, jibrSi Caudges soflis sastik (da mainc TavdacviT!) kanonebs.

mindias gaendoba kidec: `mters movklav, kidev ar movsWri marjvenas magaT jabriTa~. sagulisxmoa, rom qeTelauri mtris mokvlaze ki ar iRebs xels (`sikvdili TviTon

ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~ (`baxtrioni~)), aramed mtrisaTvis xelis mokveTis absurdul tradicias uaryofs (xmlad, farad Tu Tivis kavad gamoiyenebs mokveTil marjvenas?!).

Temsa da aludas Soris dapirispireba maSin mwvavdeba, rodesac xevisbers qeTelauri Sav kurats mihgvris da mokluli qistis damwyalobebas sTxovs. amaod cdilobs berdia, gadaarwmunos Satilioni:

`mamiT ar modis anderZi, papiTa-d’ papis-papiTa,gonT modi, qristiani xar, urjulovdebi magiTa!...rogor vaxvewo ufalsa ZaRli, ZaRlebis jiSisa?!...feri edeba berdias, feri sxva-rigis SiSisa~...nisliviT TeTri, gafiTrebuli aluda Tavad klavs saklavs, arRvevs Temis kidev erT

tradicias (saklavis Sewirvis ufleba mxolod xevisbers hqonda). mZafrdeba berdias `sxva-rigi SiSi~ da `jagaraSlili~ xevisberi `gakadnierebuli~ Sa-

tilionis mokveTisaken mouwodebs Tems:`dajardiT, xevsurT Svilebo, yvelani _ didni, mcireni,

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samarTliani vqnaT, vumtvrioT aludas saxlis direni!nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis amatireni!mokveTil iyos, sxva qveynis ca-Rrublis Sanamzirebi!~Tvalebmowylianebuli, gulxeldakrefili mindia veras Svelis yalyze damdgari Temis

samizned qceul Satilions. Temis sisastikes gansakuTrebiT usvams xazs detali: balRis mier amotanil mklavs mucalisas ZaRls rom miugdeben, sabralobel ymuils morTavs mye-fari (`Rmuili bralisa~ _ sibralulsac imarxavs da adamianTa braleulobis gancdasac). esec ver moagebs gons avad gaRizianebulT, piriqiT, gaicineben, `ZaRli ZaRlis Zvals ar stexso~.

qistis marjvenas `balRebi dabla aTreven kaviTa~...Temis mZvinvarebas bunebis mrisxanebac erTvis _ Tovli buravs midamos, qari bobo-

qrobs. namqersa da zvavs daufaravs `viwro savali gzebisa~ _ aludas gzawvrili (aluda, feriscvalebis ganmcdeli, SaragziT ver ivlis. viwroa sasufevlisken savali gza). ojaxi, deda-col-Svili, siciviT `aboJirebuli~, Sestiris qeTelaurs. gamwarebuli moxuci mSo-beli godebs:

`vahme, ra ugzod davdivarT, vahme, rogora bnelao!netav ar dasWirdebaa xevsurTa Seni Svelao?!vis ra wyal-Wala gvistumrebs, sad ra-ra davileviTa?ubino, usax-karoni sxvakanac daviwyeviTa~.aluda aCumebs awrialebulT. misi didi simSvide uflis winaSe simarTlis winaswari

gznebidan modis. qeTelaurma icis, rom marTalia RvTisa da sakuTari sindisis winaSe: `modiT, momyeviT, vidinoT, RmerTm es gvarguna bedada.jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu swyevT~...Temisgan mokveTilsac ar dascdeba Temis sayveduri. `win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs...

Txrili aRar Cans kvalisa~... aluda winmavali mgzavria, gzis gamkvalavi. nakvalevs qari da Tovli Slis (`Txrili ara Cans kvalisa~). sofel-TemSi mindiaRa

darCa Tvalawylianebuli, sxva _ aravin. iqneb, odesme isic moikveTon, ezedmetoT...Temi zrdis balRebs, romelnic kaviT aTreven mokveTil marjvenas...

***vaJa-fSavela, ra aris Tavisufleba? Txzulebani, Tb., 1985Tavisufali adamiani unda iqceodes ise, rom Tavis yofaqceviT sxvas ar hvnebdes, miT

umetes, sazogadoebas, aramed misi moqmedeba unda iyos mimarTuli qveynis sabednierod... unda yovels sityvas da moqmedebas saerTo, sazogado bedniereba edvas sarCulad...

Tavisufleba da bedniereba sinonimebia...marto qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa ar aris garantia, erma SeinarCunos Tavisufleba,

ukeTu Tan ar axlavs eris saerTo gonebrivi simwife, ganaTleba da codna... (gv. 758).

mindia mindia, aluda qeTelauriviT, Satilionia. igi odnav gvian Cndeba `aluda qeTelaur-

Si~, rodesac mucalis mkvleli ukve sofelsaa dabrunebuli, Rirseuli mtris sikvdiliT SeZrul-Sefiqrianebuli, Tems ki ar sjera qistis sikvdili, radgan dasturs _ warkveTil marjvenas _ ver xedavs.

Cndeba fiqri: mindia rom sofelSi yofiliyo, martos ar gauSvebda aludas qistTa sadevnad, Tavadac eaxleboda. Cans, igi ar iyo Satils, da, rodesac dabrunda, mosaxdeni ukve momxdariyo.

mindias cxeni _ `wiTlai~ _ zerdagia (wiTel-oqrosferi), aludasi _ `fTiani~ (am de-talebiTac vaJa TiTqos xazs usvams, rom mindia jerac miwisaa, Temisa, aluda _ ukve TiTqmis cisa).

wels franguli artyia mindias, fari aqvs. igia `Tormetis qistis mamklavi SubiTa tarianiTa~.

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mindia rom Rirseuli kacia, naTlad warmoCndeba, roca Satilionni aludas augs etyvian èniTa SxamianiTa~(unasis, uxseneblis SxamTan igivdeba wamqezeblis boroti sityva).

aludas augma guli atkina mindias (dRes Tu aludas wiravs Temi, xval mindias jeri dadgeba), ìwyina, Subli dakeca naoWiT zarianiTa: `nu ityviT vaJkacis augs eniTa qari-aniTa!~

Sehpirda Tems, simarTles iolad Sevityob, aludas nakvalevs mivyvebi, gza-kvali ar amereva, erTi dRis sagzals vikmareb, `mravalTa (varskvlavTa) dabrZanebamdis~ dav-brundebio.

mindia rom gansakuTrebulia, am saqcielmac warmoaCina. sxva SatilionTa msgavsad, `guliTa narianiTa~ (eklianiT) ar gauwiravs qeTelauri, guljavrians zurgi ar Seuqcevia, `tyemlad ar gadaqceula,~ sxvebiviT ar daumcirebia, matyuarad ar mounaTlavs, xmali diacT gadaugde `cxemlad~, dambaCa _ TiTistarado, ar wamouZaxnia da geslianad ar uTq-vams `davlaTiani~ da `sityvagziani~ kacisTvis:

`gamohqcevixar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada.mahkal, marjvena ar masWer, ukan misdevdi ma rada?!~danapirebi aasrula mindiam, sisxlafuebul àxlebs~ (Cans, Tavad arcTu axalgazrdaa)

usayvedura: `sWriTa da hkeravT guliTa, guls aTreinebT gonebas, Tavs aWreinebT culiTa,advil ver icnobT vaJkacsa mis vaJkacuris rjuliTa.erTurTs nu daaCagvrinebT, guli-d’ goneba Zmania...ena qarqaSSi geWirosT, advil nu ityviT sityvasa,advil nu ityviT vaJkacze, àra vargao!~ _ imasa~.mindia, aludas simarTleSi dasarwmuneblad, sofels mokluli qistis marjvenas

Camoutans. iwyens qeTelauri, mklavis mokveTa rom mndomoda, gana Tavad ver movaxerxeb-dio; usayvedurebs: `ver giqnav kargad, mindiav, saqme mogirTav avada~. raSi gamoviyenebo mokveTil marjvenas _ arc xmlad gamodgebao, arc Tivis kavad.

tkiviliT etyvis keTilismyofels: `waiRe, Tu gwam ufali, nuRar maCveneb TvaliTa!kai ymis marjvena ari, guli mewveba braliTa~.ukvirs aludas, rad swyrebian xevsurni, rad iboRmebian. mindias gamoutydeba: `mters

movklav, kidev ar movsWri marjvenas magaT jabriTa~.mindia, jerac Temis wesTa mona, cdilobs, gadaarwmunos: `wesi ar aris mtris mokvla,

Tu xel ar masWer daniTa~. aluda swored mindiasTan gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas sazari wesis mimarT: `vai

egeTas samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTa!~ grZnobs, rom TanasoflelTagan mindia Tu Caswvdeba misi tkivilis siRrmes.

rodesac jagaraSlili berdia Tems mZvinvared mouwodebs, `samarTali~ gaaCinon, sax-lis direni daundoblad umtvrion adaTTa damrRvevs, urjulos dammwyalobebels, Ses-awiravi kuratis Tavad damkvlels, mxolod mindias ewureba guli, `mauwyliandis Tvalebi, veRarasa hSvels aludas. gulze gadiwyvis mklavebi~.

es sasowarkveTis Jestia, verafriT gamoxatavs Rirseuli vaJkaci Rirseuli vaJkacis Tanadgomas, Temisa ekrZalvis, sakuTari uilajoba aZrwunebs.

(iqneb, aq mindia daaxloebiT imaves fiqrobs, rasac zviadauris mkvlelobis macqerali aRaza: `xalxze ukana dgeboda, miSvelebasa hlamobda... fiqrobda brazmoreuli: netavi, momca culio, ... rom eg vacocxlo, sxvas yvelas gavafrTxobino sulio~ (`stumar-maspinZe-li~)).

gawyra mindia, rodesac balRma kaviT moaTria mucalis marjvena, Tavad mindias mier motanili sofelSi _ TemisaTvis aludas simarTlis dasadastureblad. wuxiliT gaixsena, mklavi `me mivutane aludas, feri davadev wyenisao~. Semdeg xevSi gadaegdo...

mindia sxvisi tkivilis Tanamlmobelia, grZnobs, rom guli atkina aludas, roca misi simarTle `mklaviT~ daadastura. man, aludasagan gansxvavebiT, jer ar icis, rom simar-Tles dadastureba, Temis beWedi ar sWirdeba (`WeSmaritebam gangaTavisufloT Tquen~ _ macxovriseuli damoZRvra).

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aludasagan gansxvavebiT, mindias jer ar SeuZlia, win aRudges Tems, roca is rCeuls usamarTlod moikveTs.

jer...mindias sulSic, albaT, dawyebulia is didi feriscvaleba, rac aludam ganicada. Tuki

aludasaTvis mucalis sikvdili iqca feriscvalebis mizezad, mindiasaTvis, albaT, alu-das gankveTa iqceva umniSvnelovanes tkivilad, kaTarzisis, feriscvalebis dasabamad.

`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~ aluda. vin icis, egeb odesme, mindiac aludas kvals gauyenos xSirad umadurma, xSirad sastikma Temma?!

(Tumc, ra Tqma unda, Temsac aqvs Tavisi simarTle _ igi adaTis ganuxreli dacviT Tavis Seuvalobasa da TviTmyofadobas icavs...).

***vaJa xornauli, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia, gaz. `libo~ #4, 1997aluda qeTelauri gaZevebulia. SatilSi aRaraa pirovneba, uromlisodac sofeli Ron-

ieri ver iqneba... sofeli erTi kacis imediTaa. sofeli gulgrili da daundobelia _ man aluda qeTe-

lauri sasikvdilod gawira, rodesac martodmarto gauSva qistebTan sabrZolvelad.nuTu SatilSi ar arsebobs meore kaci, romelic aluda qeTelaurTan erTad gaedevne-

ba qistebs?! arsebobs SatilSi aseTi kaci. es kaci mindiaa.poemis dasawyisSi mindias `sxvagan yofnis~ mizezi mxolod mTavari gmiris moqmedebi-

sTvis aucilebeli pirobaa (aluda marto unda Seebas qistebs). mindia arc maSin Cans, roca SatilSi macne movardeba da arc maSin, rodesac sofeli beberi uSiSas piriT hkiTxavs `aludas ambavs cdisasa~. arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom qistTagan moparul cxenebSi ar urevia mindias `wiTlai~.

vaJa-fSavelasaTvis (da mkiTxvelisaTvisac) mindia `sxva~ aris _ aludaze naklebi, xolo danarCenebze _ meti. macnis gamoCenisas rom mindia sofelSi yofiliyo, qistebs aludasTan erTad daedevnebodao, fiqrobs mkiTxveli da, marTlac, Zneli warmosadgenia mindia im xevsurTa Soris, mouTmenlad rom elian aluda qeTelaurisa da sakuTari cx-enebis dabrunebas.

roca gudanis salocavSi aludas sastiki ganaCeni gamoutanes, `Tormeti qistis mam-klav~ mindias `mauwyliandis Tvalebi~...

mindia cremliT gvelaparakeba. misi cremli, aluda qeTelaurTan erTad, mucalsac ekuTvnis, radgan aluda mucalis gareSe warmoudgenelia...

`aluda qeTelaurSi~ ar Cans, magram gonier mkiTxvels ar gauWirdeba warmodgena imi-sa, Tu rogor gaitanjeba mindia, rodesac aludas saxl-kars dauqceven da mravalTaTvis uxilav simaRleebs ziarebuli Satilioni Tovlian aRmarTs auyveba ojaxTan erTad.…

albaT, aluda qeTelauris nacvlad, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia.albaT, arc is iqneba moulodneli, Tu erT mSvenier dRes mindiasac moikveTs Temi _

mxolod imitom, RmerTs rom sxvebze metad miuaxlovda...…mere ki...…`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~... (gv. 2).

`stumar-maspinZeli~

`stumar-maspinZeli~, tragikuli da lamazi poema vaJa-fSavelasi, maradiul `wyeva-krulvian sakiTxavze~ daafiqrebs mkiTxvels. mravalia es ̀ sakiTxavi~: Temisa da pirovnebis urTierTmimarTeba, mtroba da dandoba, tradicia da gamonaklisi, vaJkacoba da sisastike.

1893 w. dawerili poema maradisobisaTvisaa Seqmnili, raTa adamianebma gaacnobieron uflis maRali sibrZne: `wyaloba mnebavs da ara msxverpli~; is, rom miteveba SurisZiebaze maRalia.

`Ramis wyvdiadSi Cafluli, gamtknarebuli~ qisteTis aRweriT iwyebs poemas vaJa, da

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Rameuli foni, sibnele aq simbolur datvirTvas iZens, bnelsav xevSi myefari mdinarec _ Sebindebis, Tu ukuni Ramis sibnele verc Seedreba adamianTa sulSi Camdgar wyvdiads, romelic sxvagvari madliT gasxivosnebulT iwiravs.

`stumar-maspinZelSi~ aRwerili midamo qisteTisa iseTive bnelia, rogorc àluda qeTelaurSi~ daxatuli Satili (qisteTi `Ramis wyvdiadSia Cafluli~, Satils `jer ar Caswdomia Suqi SuadRis mzisao,.. ca axuria kldisao~). orivegan brmani aRmoCndnen, sxvisi Rirsebis verdamnaxvelni da orsav TemSi mxolod TiTo pirovneba ganwmida bediswerulma SemTxvevam.

monadire monadires miiwvevs Sin; uZvelesi adaTis Tanaxmad, gamarjvebuli xelmoca-ruls naalafarSi Seiziarebs.

qistma, jaregelma joyola alxastaisZem jerac ar icis, rom stumari Wieli nunua ki ara, bisoeli zviadauria, is, vinc `qistebs bevrs sisxli avala~.

mTis tradiciisamebr, stumris wvevas RvTis wyalobad miiCnevs qisti. ulamazes meuRles, cidan moclili varskvlaviT mSvenier aRazas wveulis sakadrisad gamaspinZle-bas ubrZanebs. imdenad moewoneba maspinZels stumari, meore dRes masTan Zmad gaficvas ganizraxavs, magram...

vaJa momWirned hyveba tragikul ambavs: joyolas ojaxSi stumrad myofi drouli qis-ti zviadaurSi mosisxles Seicnobs, Tems aSlis, mziri xevsuris sawol adgils dainamdvi-lebs da qistebi Suris saZieblad dajardebian: ùnda Saswiron Tavis mkvdars zviadauris Tavia~.

vaJa-fSavela warmoaCens drouli qistis daokebul mrisxanebas (`stumari sxvis saxlSi ver gaSlis xaTabalasa~), magram, rasac ver ikadrebs, Tu ver gabedavs erTi, gabedavs da ikadrebs Temi: `Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.

Temi araTu ̀ xaTabalas gaSlis~ joyolas saxlSi, Tavad joyolasac ki emuqreba ̀ mTeli qisteTis amomgde~ zviadauris maspinZlobisaTvis:

àm giauris gulisTvis Zmebsac epyrobi mterada,ar ici, rom Seni saqmec dReidan wava cerada?!~(Temis saTqmels kvlav musa ambobs).gansakuTrebiT daundobelia Temi zviadauris darlasaTvis (mokluli qistisaTvis)

msxverplad Sewirvisas. qistebs rom umal moeklaT xevsuri, romelmac `bevrs qists moaW-ra marjvena, udrod saflavSi Calala~, es gasagebic iqneboda (`baxtrionSic~ vkiTxulobT: `sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~), magram Temi ar kmayofildeba mosisxaris mkvlelobiT, man es mokvdineba msxverplSewirvis sazar ritualad unda aqcios.

vaJa ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazidan lirikul gadaxvevas akeTebs, sakuTar damokidebu-lebas warmoaCens sikvdilisadmi:

`sikvdili yvelas gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hkvlen, cqera gvwadian;kacni ver hgrZnoben bevrjela, rogor dids codvas sCadian~.sanaxaoba ar Sedga, ̀ ZaRl iyos Tqveni mkvdrisada~-s meti, vera wamoacdenines ra ̀ warb-

daRrublulsa, qedCaJangebul mTasao~ _ zviadaurs.`sicocxle hqreba, sisxli dis, zviadauri kvdeboda,guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda...daklulma dakla maT (mterTa _ n.k.) guli da gaucrua qadili~.isic ki ifiqres, cxedari xanjlebiT daeseraT, javri neStze eyaraT,`magram ver hbedven, scxvenianT: codvaa! _ yvela hfiqrobda,xalxis guli da goneba sasinanulod mihqroda.sTqves, roca saxlSi gabrundnen, Tav-Tavqve Camodiodnen:`xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadioden?kargi vaJkaci yofila, yvela allahsa hficavda, _imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~ _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT, gulSi CavurWoT danao~.sinanuli wams eyo, mtrobis metastazi ufro Zalumi aRmoCnda TemSi. pirovnebis sulSi

ki piriqiT xdeba: mtrobis balRami sul wamiT gadaenTxeva joyolas suls, maSin, rodesac Temi, lamis niSnismogebiT, raRacnairi boroti sixaruliTac TiTqos, auwyebs, rom misi

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Zmis mkvlelic zviadauria.joyola TemisaTvis gaugebrad, magram, zneobis TvalsazrisiT, absoluturad gamar-

Tlebulad iqceva. SemZravia misi sityvebi TanasoflelTadmi:`dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa,miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa.roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada,vis gauyidav stumari, qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada?...Cems ojaxs pasuxs riT aZlevT? saxlSi xarT, gana Sarada?!uiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~guli arafersa grZnobs; Temis sinanuli wamieria. zviadauris cxedars yvav-yornebis

sajijgnad davagdebTo, `TavmowonebiT~ iZaxian qistebi (ai, aludas ki, mucalis mokvlis, mtris vaJkacobisa da Rirsebis gacnobierebis Semdeg, àr ewoneba Tavia; pirs daswolia nislebi, guliT nadeni, Savia~ _ aRniSnuli detali warmoaCens, rom kaTarzisi individu-aluria; is, rac erTisTvis sabedisweroa da sakraluri, meorisaTvis sulac araferia...).

joyolasaviT naTeli da maRalia aRaza, wrfeli cremliT rom daitirebs uWirisuflo vaJkacs, RvTisa da Temis garduvali risxviT winaswar SeZrwunebuli. Temis SiSi _ ès fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda, kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.

sasaflaoze adevnebuli Rrubel-aCrdilni aRazas SeSfoTebuli sulis warmosaxvis nayofia. àCqarebuli Rrubelni cis pirze gadmodiodnen!~ _ SeZrwunebuli qalis gulis-cemas epasuxebodnen TiTqos...

damamSvidebelia joyolas tkiviliani nugeSi:ìtire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~. joyola, Tavadac `kargi vaJkaci~, martodmarto SeebrZoleba xevsureTs zviadauris

cxedris wasasveneblad jaregas Seseul bisoelT, Tavsac Seaklavs, magram Temi mainc ver (Tu gangeb ar!) dainaxavs, `vin erTgulia, vin ara~...

umaduria da daundobeli Temi Tavisi Rirseuli Svilisadmi:`mohklan, Tu mohkles, axia! exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel agvria,soflisa gadra indoma,Cven ki talaxSi gagvria~.(iqneb, momxdari sulac ar iyo joyolasa da Tems Soris pirveli winaaRmdegoba. `winad

xom bevrjel agvria~ ras unda niSnavdes?!). Tavis rCeul Svils, martodmarto rom Seerkina da Seakvda xevsurT, gaRma Seedava

Temi, `Tavis Temobis wesiTa~ yovelTvis `marTali~.`sxivmixdili varskvlavi~, aRaza, Tavisi `codvis~ gamacnobierebeli (`codva~ mxolod

isaa, rom ùcxosTvis~ cremli Rvara _ is ùcxo~ joyolas `sxuai Cemi~ _ àlter ego~ iyo, rogorc mucali _ aludasi), mgznebi imisa, rom qisteTSi erTguli kenWic ki ar egulvis, Tavs mdinareSi daixrCobs, lamsa da qviSas Seereva...

magram lamsa da qviSas ver Seereva xsovna kavkasiis mTebSi odesRac momxdari tragi-kul-mSvenieri ambisa...

erTurTs xvdebian RamRamobiT aCrdilni zviadaurisa da joyolasi. mowyenili, saxe-mwuxare aRaza jixvis mwvadebiT umaspinZldeba.

Rirseulni, gamorCeulni `vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa, stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da da-Zmobisasa~.

(vaJasTvis `vaJkacoba~ da `dandoba~ sinonimuri cnebebia _ dandobis maRali niWi mxo-lod vaJkacT mihmadlebiaT).

didebul saxilvels uSavesi janRi daefineba da `wera-mwerelis weriTa~ (bedisweris msaxvrali nebiT) gadafaravs. buruss verc Semlocveli gafantavs, verc kveri daamt-vrevs...

da mainc _ vaJa wkvaramSi, `kurumad Savis feris~ janRSi rodi gvtovebs _ ùfskruls dascqers pirimze moRerebulis yeliTa~.

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joyola da zviadauri (`stumar-maspinZeli~)

joyola alxastaisZe da zviadauri vaJa-fSavelas `stumar-maspinZlis~ personaJebi arian. poema maT saxels atarebs da saTaurSivea warmoCenili stumrisa da maspinZlis sakralur-bedisweruli erToba.

Sexvedrac sakralur-bediswerulia: `maS, Tu es ase ar aris, rad SamefeTe am drosa?~ _ hkiTxavs xevsurs qisti da xelmocarul monadires, monadiruli adaTisamebr, ara mxolod nanadirevSi Seiziarebs, Sinac istumrebs.

stumarmaspinZlobis tradicias rom udides pativs miagebs, es joyolas sityvebiT warmoCndeba, `cidan moclili varskvlavis~ sadar meuRles rom etyvis : `ai, stumari mog-gvare, R v T i s w y a l o b a a C v e n z e d a~.

da es rom litoni sityvebi ar aris, lxinis Jams iolad warmoTqmuli, WirSic dastur-deba. jagaraSlil Tems stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciis uzenaesobas Seaxsenebs joyola: `dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa, miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa~.

stumarmaspinZlobis tradiciis sakralurobas sxvanic gzneben. joyolas, zviadaurTan erTad rom brundeba jaregaSi, Sin stumari dauxvdeba, drouli qisti.

`stumrad mosuli ucnobi stumars pativs scems sxvisasa,fexze adgoma wesia, wess ver daarRvevs mTisasa~.Tumc zviadaurSi mosisxles Seicnobs, `stumari sxvis saxlSi ver gaSlis xaTabalasa~.

magram, rasac ver ikadrebs, Tu ver gabedavs erTi, ikadrebs da gabedavs Temi, romelic Tavadve arRvevs mravalsaukunovan adaTs:

`mosisxle stumris gulisTvis ZuZus vin mosWris dedasa?!...Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.Temi stumrad ver aRiqvams `mTeli qisteTis amomgdes~ da mxolod joyola rCeba

tradiciisa da dandobis uzenaesi madlis erTguli.joyola maspinZelia, zviadauri _ stumari. maspinZlis arseboba stumris arsebobiTaa

ganpirobebuli (da piriqiT).poemis dasawyisSi arc erTia stumari da arc meore _ maspinZeli. isini erTurTs gvian

RamiT, kldeebSi xvdebian. aq, Temisagan Sors, pirovnebis pirovnuloba ufro naTlad war-moCndeba, monadire monadires gaecnoba da jer orivesaTvis ucnobia, raoden bedisweru-lia es Rameuli Sexvedra.

joyola saxlTan ufro axlosaa _ `gaRma sCans qistis sofeli arwivis budesaviTa, saamo aris sacqerad diacis ubesaviTa~. xevsur zviadaurs ki, `Wiel nunuad~ rom gaecnoba qists (`ra hqnas? mis saxels icnoben, qistebs bevrs sisxli avala~), gza ahbnevia.

maspinZlobas joyola gaswevs, jaregaSi, Tavis cixe-galavanSi miiwvevs stumars: `amaRam CemTan wamodi, me gagiZRvebi Tavada,Tu kargad ar dagixdebi, arc dagixvdebi avada...zogs me giambob Cems dardsa, zogic Sen gamiziare... ai, es Cemi ojaxi, Cemi cixe da saxlia;mobrZandi, rogorc Zma ZmasTan, naTlimamasTan _ naTlia~ (ara mxolod xorciel, su-

lier naTesaobasac sTavazobdes TiTqos}.wkvaramSi, Ramis sibneleSi, ugzoobaSi, kldeze gaklaknil viwro bilikze ori naTeli

kaci xvdeba erTurTs, gangebis nebiT.suli TiTqos sulsa scnobs, Torem pirvelsave Semxvedrs aravin etyvis, `zogs me giam-

bob Cems dardsa, zogic Sen gamiziareo~.iqneb, xevsuris mokrZalebam moxibla qisti, `saca ar mixnav, Zmobilo, iq vmko, es sada-

uria~, nanadirevSi rogor Segeziarebio, ufro metad ki, albaT, ndobam, stumrobaze Tanx-mobam.

es is Jamia, roca qisteTi ̀ dahmRerda gmirobisasa, mama-papaTa cdisasa, rogor arbevd-nen fSav-xevsurT, sisxls ar arCendnen Zmisasa~. amav simReras mReroda drouli qisti, Sin rom dauxvda joyolas.

alxastaisZisaTvis zviadauri jerac Wieli nunuaa, pativiT miRebuli stumari, drou-

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li qisti ki umalve Seicnobs wveuls, Sxamiani eniT dageslavs da aaboboqrebs sofels. joyola ki meore dRisaTvis axalgacnobil xevsurTan Zmad gaficvas fiqrobs, Tavis la-Wansac uTmobs.

wamiT daeWvdeba stumarSi, rodesac Rameuli xmauri Caesmis (`gvRalatobs Cveni stumari, ZmobiT da megobrobiTa Semogvapara laSqari!~).

rogorc ki stumris udanaSaulobaSi darwmundeba, joyolaSi RirsebaSelaxuli maspinZlis Tavmoyvareoba iRviZebs, mrisxaned mimarTavs `jagaraSlil~ TanasoflelT, tyla piviT rom Telaven alxastaisZis Rirsebas: `rad stexT sauflo Cvens wessa, Tavs lafs rad masxamT kokiTa?~

stumarmaspinZlobaa `sauflo wesi~.amaod cdilobs Temi, Seagnebinos joyolas, rom swored joyolas stumari èteve-

bodaT~ mglurad, mudam qistTa gaJletis msurveli; rom alxastaisZis Zmis mkvlelic zviadauria, amayad rom Camohkioda Tavis saxels darbeulT, qistTa cxvar-Zroxas rom xevsureTs erekeboda.

Tavs rad imurtlavo, ukiJinebs Temi joyolas, magram Rirsebas ar uRalatebs qisti, mosisxle mtersac ver gawiravs, raki Tavad iwvia:

`roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada.vis gauyidav stumari, qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada?...Cems ojaxs pasuxs riT aZlevT, saxlSi xarT, gana Sarada!~joyolas didbunebovnebas, maRal sulierebas adasturebs TemisaTvis Tqmuli: ùiara-

Ros awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~joyola winaaRmdegia pirovnebis, Tund mosisxaris, Seuracxyofisa, damcirebisa. igi

Tems upirispirdeba, rodesac brbo adamianis Rirsebas amcirebs;magram rodesac xevsurni qisteTs moejarebian, dakluli TanamoZmis cxedari rom Sin

waasvenon, joyola, mTeli soflis dasanaxad, martoka SeebrZoleba mters, raTa sofelma naxos, `vin erTgulia, vin ara~. moRalated miCneuls saflavis qva cocxlad dasdgmia guls.

brma (guliT!) Temi mainc ver (Tu gangeb ar) acnobierebs joyolas erTgulebas, misi daRupva uxaria kidec:

`mohklan, Tu mohkles, axia!exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel agvria, soflisa gadra indoma, Cven ki talaxSi gagvria~.rCeuls swored rCeulobas ver `Seundobs~ Temi.gansakuTrebiT aRamaRlebs qists aRazasaTvis Tqmuli:ìtire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.TemSi mxolod aRazam icis joyolas simaRle, mitomac èkereboda gul-mkerdze qmars

margalitis Rilada~...aRazave acnobierebs srulad zviadauris simaRles. uiaraRo tyve ar udrkeba jaga-

raSlili brbos mrisxanebas. `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada!~-s mets, veras wamoacdenine-ben xevsurs.

`ra mosdreks warb-daRrublulsa, qed CaJangebul mTasao...sicocxle hqreba, sisxli dis, zviadauri kvdeboda,guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda~. Tems imedi gaucruvda, Tavis mkvdars ver Seswira mosisxari. avad gaRizianebuls, ewa-

da, xanjlebiT daesera micvalebulis neSti, magram Sercxva, ver gabeda. TiTqos, sinanu-lic igrZno, magram mainc gaimarTla Tavi:

`xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadiodnen?kargi vaJkaci yofila, _ yvela allahsa hficavda,_ imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~, _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT gulSi CavurWoT danao~.zviadauris vaJkacobis aRiarebis miuxedavad, Temi saflavs ar gauWris micvalebuls,

Selaxul Tavmoyvareobas (Tu pativmoyvareobas) imiT ikmayofilebs, rom yvav-yoranTa sa-

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jijgnad daagdebs cxedars.aRazaRa daitirebs upatrono cxedars.èrT mxriv, xaTri aqvs Temisa, meoriT _ RmerTi aSinebs...…es fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda, kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.Tavis `codvas~ acnobierebs aRaza: `me ufro didi codva maqvs, ucxosTvis cremli

vRvaria~.Tavis micvalebuls sxvis miwaze rodi toveben fSavel-xevsurni, jaregas daarbeven,

cxvar-Zroxas waasxamen...bisos waasvenes zviadauri, `ciT Camosuli svetada, fSav-xevsureTis far-xmali~. guli

daumSvides Svilmkvdar dedas. frinvelTagan najijgni, gafantuli Zvlebi moasvenes...stumrisa da maspinZlis aCrdilebi zvavisgan `nagal~ goraze hxvdebian erTurTs. sasa-

flaodan amosul farxmlian zviadaurs gul-xeli daukrefia, mdumared esalmeba Zmobils. aRaza jixvis mwvadebs sTavazobT.

aCrdilni `vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa,stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da da-Zmobisasa~.dandobis niWi mxolod vaJkacT mihmadlebiaT.`kurumad Savi feris~ janRi gadafaravs mSvenier saxilvels. verc Selocva fantavs,

verc kveri amtrevs jadosaviT mZimes da bnels.da mainc... ùfskruls dascqers pirimze moRerebulis yeliTa~ (rogorc àluda qeTe-

laurSi~ SuadRis mze _ kldiT dafarul cas Satilisa).grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957

vaJas personaJebs gaaCniaT unari, winaaRudgnen pirvel mozRvavebas TavianTi sulisas, gza Seucvalon instinqtTa mimarTulebas...

joyolas dakvirvebul Tvals ̀ ver daemalvis im grZnobis nakvalevia~, romelsac zviad-auris datirebiT gamowveuli aRazas vardisferi morcxvoba faravda... aRazas sityvebs: `cremlebi Semiwiria im Seni megobrisada~ joyolam iseTi azri Seageba, romelic mas aTavi-suflebs Savi iWvisagan da moraluri sidiadiT anaTebs mis maRal pirovnul saxes: ̀ itire?! madli giqnia~... (gv. 67).

***iuza evgeniZe, vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1989vaJas Tavdapirveli mizandasaxulobiT, ZiriTadi datvirTva zviadauris pirovnebazea

gadatanili. amas mowmobs Tundac is faqti, rom variantSi poemis saTauria ara `stumar-maspinZeli~, aramed `zviadauri~. etyoba, Tavisi poeturi Canafiqris winaswari Sefasebis safuZvelze vaJa zviadaurisa da joyolas mxatvrul saxeTa gawonasworebis axdens. Sem-dgom ukve emociuri TvalsazrisiT es saxeebi tolfasovanni arian, rac asaxulia kidec poemis saboloo saTaurSi `stumar-maspinZeli~ _ miT umetes, rom emociuri daZabulobis saTave sworad stumarmaspinZlobis ambavs emyareba, misgan momdinareobs~... (gv. 365).

Temisa da pirovnebis urTierTobis sakiTxisaTvis (àluda qeTelaurisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ mixedviT)

Temi da pirovneba, mTeli da calkeuli, `Cven~ da `me~ _ maradisi erTianoba, maradisi dapirispireba. Temi adamianebisagan Sedgeba, magram adamianTagan yoveli rodia pirovneba.

upirovnebod Temi usaxuria, uferuli. pirovneba qmnis Temis saxes, saxierebas, saxels. iqneb swored pirovnebis saxiereba, rCeulis gamorCeuloba aRizianebs Tems da moikveTs mas, visSic Suqia?!

pirovneba RvTiuri saxierebis dammarxvelia, saxe da xati uflisa, viszec ityvis maxa-rebeli: `cxoreba igi iyo naTel kacTa. da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans da bneli igi mas ver ewia... sofelsa Sina iyo, da sofeli mis mier Seiqmna, da sofelman igi ver icna. TvisTa Tana movida, da TvisTa igi ara Seiwynares~ (ioane 1, 4... 10-11).

`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~..., _ hyveba vaJa aluda qeTelaurze da swored es `win-mavloba~, gzis gamkvalavobaa bediswera pirovnebisa.

Temisa da pirovnebis sakralur-bedisweruli erToba da dapiris-pireba sityvis bib-

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liuri momWirneobiT aRwera vaJa-fSavelam àluda qeTelaursa~ da `stumar-maspinZelSi~, warmoaCina, rom, erovnebis miuxedavad, Temi xSirad erTnairad mkacria (rom ara vTqvaT, daundobeli) Tavis gamorCeul SvilTa mimarT.

aludaca da joyolac Temis unaTlesi Svilebi arian, xevsureTsa da qisteTSi gamor-Ceulni.

àluda qeTelauri kacia davlaTiani, safixvnos TavSi dajdebis, sityva maudis gziani;bevrs qists maaWra marjvena, scada franguli fxiani;cudas rad unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani!~aludas `davlaTianobiT~, `sityvagzianobiT~ xazgasmulia qeTelauris gamorCeuloba,

is, rom igi TemSi WkuissakiTxavi kacia (cxenic ki gansxvavebuli hyavs _ `fTiani~ _ tatos meraniviT `bedis samZRvris gardamtarebi~).

jaregeli qisti joyola alxastaisZec ̀ davlaTiania~. aqvs ̀ qavi da cixe karada... etyo-ba Tavmowoneba saubarSia~, Tavmoyvarea, tradiciaTa mcveli (aRazas etyvis: ài, stumari moggvare, RvTis wyalobaa Cvenzeda~...).

Satilioni aludaca da qisti joyolac TemSi rCeulni, tradiciaTa erTgulni, Temis interesTa upirvelesi damcvelni arian. metic, aluda sxva rjulis aRmsarebel mucals `rjul-ZaRlad~ uxmobs, rogorc yoveli xevsuri. qeTelauris qavze (cixe-galavanze) `xe-leb jRrdesaviT hkidia, zogi lekisa, sxva _ qistis~.

joyolasac arasodes daerRvia qistTa adaTi.maS, raRa xdeba, rad iqcevian Temis rCeulni, `sityvagzianni~, TemisTvisve `saSiS~

pirovnebebad, lamis saZulvel adamianebad, mosakveTad ganwirulebad?aludasa da joyolas feriscvalebis mizezi (mizezi maTi namdvili, Sinagani bunebis

warmoCenisa) xdeba bedisweruli, gangebismieri Sexvedra aseve rCeulTan, gansxvavebulTan: aludasi _ qist mucalTan, joyolasi _ xevsur zviadaurTan.

es aris rCeulis Sexvedra rCeulTan, gansakuTrebulisa _ gansakuTrebulTan, sulieri tolobis SegrZnebiT gamowveuli maRali feriscvalebis mizezi, gangebis maRali nebiT.

(sagulisxmoa, rom mucalis Zmis mkvlelobas sulac ar SeuZravs aluda. mklavic Cveu-lebriv wamoiRo qavis kars misakravad).

aluda acnobierebs, rom misgan mokluli qisti vaJkacia, Rirseulia, sikvdilis sazar Jamsac gautexeli, gulganaZoZebulic, aludas tyviiT guldafleTilic brZams rom ìf-evda~ da fers ar kargavda mglisasa.

gaacnobiera Tu ara sikvdilis garduvaloba, Tofi mkvlels gadaugdo, sxvis xelSi aRar Cavardes, rjulZaRloo _ sikvdilis Jamsac Rirseuli, aRiarebs mtris Rirseba-Rirseulobasac _ aludas andobs Tavis iaraRs.

àludas Tofi ar unda, atirda, rogorc qalio,ar ahyris iaraRebsa, ar exarbeba Tvalio~. jer TemTan dapirispirebisa araferi Cans, magram qeTelauris sulSi ukve dawyebulia

feriscvaleba, cremli Camorecxavs sisxls.cremli _ `Tvalis wyali~ (saba) _ niWi da madli suliwmidisa _ niSania sulSi momxdari

Zvrisa. aludas Tvali, `sulidan mzirali~, veRar dahxarbdeba mucalis iaraRs...Tvals cremli dasdinda, suli gadasxvaferda. Satils dabrunebuli, gaendo moxuc

uSiSas: `ver gavimete mucali marjvenis mosaWrelada, guli gamiwyra, ara hqna, rac saqnelia Znelada:dae, daakldes saxelsa, me (guli _ n. k.) girCevnivar mrCevlada!~ joyolas mrCevelic gulia, rodesac zviadauris mosaklavad azvirTebul Tanaso-

flelT, romelnic usisineben, Seni Zmac magan moklao, mSvidad, tkiviliT etyvis:`dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa,miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa...uiaraRos awvalebT, g u l i rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~pirovnebas ZaluZs, ifiqros guliT, dahyves nebas gulisas, magram Temi (Satilica da

jaregac) guls ver (Tu ar) daemorCileba, igi gonis morCilia. goni ukarnaxebs: `mosisxle stumris gulisTvis ZuZus vin mosWris dedasa?!~ an: `wesi ar aris mtris mokvla, Tu xel ar masWer daniTa~.

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Tavisi simarTle aqvs Tems, Tavisi _ pirovnebas.cal-calke, TiTqos, orive marTalia: Temi Tavis Seuvalobas, Seuryvnelobas icavs;

pirovneba grZnobs, rom am `dacvisas~ raRac ibzareba, aris raRac auxsneli sisastike Seu-valobis dacvaSi.

da modis tkiviliani, mtanjveli fiqri:`visac mtroba maswyurdes, gaaRos saxlis karia,sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTanac Sigve mdgaria.Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria.pirjvari daiwerodes, miTam saydarSi aria.sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria,daipatiJos stumrebi, daamwkriodis jaria,sisxlSi daigos logini, gverds daiwvinos calia~...`mterobis~ Semzarav absurdulobas saocari simZafriT warmoaCens vaJa.maRlamxedis tkiviliTa da sinanuliT ityvis aluda:`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT, martoT Cven gvzdian dedani,Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT kuprSi mielis qSenani...amis TqmiT vwara-maraobT~...zviadauris mokvdinebisas aRtkinebuli brbos aRwerisas ityvis vaJa: `sikvdili yvelas

gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hkvlen, cqera gvwadian; kacni ver hgrZnoben bevrjela, rogor dids codvas sCadian~.qisti mucali, TiTqos, aludas àlter egoa~ (meore me, oran-oreuli), zviadauri _

joyolasi.rom ara sakraluri Sexvedra, arc aludas, arc joyolas konfliqti ar eqnebodaT

TemTan, magram ufali bedisweruli gansacdeliT warmoaCens Satilionisa da qistis si-maRles, Temisagan aRuqmels.

`Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.SatilionTa `Temobis wesi~ mokluli mtris marjvenis qavis kars mikvras brZanebs,

qistebisa _ mtris moklulis saflavze dakvlas.`vai, egeTsa samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTao~, sinanuliT ityvis aluda.Tems ar swadia, gaicnobieros, rom `vaJkacoba ar iyideba fulada~. Satilionni ar an-

ebeben aludas, ufals àxvewos (mucali), ZaRli, ZaRlebis jiSisa~ ; qistebi, Tumc ixible-bian zviadauris udrekobiT, daunaneblad sWrian yels (`Tav-Tavqve Camodiodnen~ _ esec simboluria! TiTqos Tavs imarTlebdnen fiqriT: `xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadiodnen?~

grZnobdnen: `kargi vaJkaci yofila, _ yvela allahsa hficavda, _imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~ _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT, gulSi CavurWoT danao~.Temi ver maRldeba ̀ giyvardes mteri Seni~-s sinaTlemdis, gansxvavebiT pirovnebisagan.

Temi moikveTs aludas, gawiravs joyolas, magram arc aluda, arc joyola ar ganudgebian, ar SeiZuleben gamwirvels.

aluda gulSi rodi Caixvevs jagaraSlili berdias mowodebiT gancdil wyena-tkivils (`samarTali vqnaT, vumtvrioT aludas saxlis direni! nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis amatireni!~), dedasa da col-Svils Temis wyevlas ukrZalavs:

`modiT, momyeviT, vidinoT, RmerTm es gvarguna bedada.jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu swyevT~...joyolac daadasturebs Temisadmi erTgulebas, roca marto Seakvdeba xevsurTa

laSqars. mainc igesleba gaRizianebuli Temi: ̀ exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel agvria, soflisa gadra indoma~.

Temi ver (Tu gangeb ar) gznebs maRalTa simaRles. aludas vinaobas xevsurTagan mx-olod `Tvalebmowylianebuli~ mindia acnobierebs; joyolasas _ qistTagan _ oden aRaza.

àluda qeTelauris~ ukanaskneli peizaJi Tovlian-namqeriania, `stumar _maspinZlisa~ _ janRiani. pirvelSi nakvalevi, `Txrili ara Cans kvalisa~... (nuTu amaod iara aludam?!); meoreSi ùfskruls dascqers pirimze~...

pirimze _ pirovnebasaviT mowyvladi, magram pirovnebasaviT mSvenieri...

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`gadarebT mzesTana~

qalTa saxeebi vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi

`vaJas SemoqmedebaSi qali SaravandediT aris mosili,... vaJasTvis qali aRtacebis saga-nia: `Tqven rom ar gvyvandeT, qalebo, ra iqneboda qveyana?! visac ra unda, isa sTqvas, me ki gadarebT mzesTana~ (`qalebs~)...

ara mgonia, romelime poets qalis nawnavebi Seedarebinos im sanTlebisaTvis, romelT-ac qvesknelSi gza unda gaunaTon mamakacs, `SaveTSi kelaptrad mindano~ (`mwyemsis ander-Zi~) (akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi).

vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi (`baxtrioni~, `stumar-maspinZeli~, àluda qeTelauri~) qarT-vel (da ara mxolod) qalTa umSvenieresi saxeebia warmoCenili _ sanaTa, lela, aRaza _ `samoTxis yvavilTa~ darni.

`yvelaze maRali dedaa sanaTa, balaxis Reri~ (l. gulisaSvili).fSavelTa salocavSi, xatis dReobaze `martos aunTav sanTlebi da xatic udidebia,martos dauklav saklavi, TviTonve utyavebia,martod-martokas diacsa xat-RmerTi uxsenebia~.vaJa Tavadve svams kiTxvas, `sajares diacs ra undao~. sanaTa afxuSouri im `goris~ qalia, vaJa-fSavelas didi Tanamosagre, ilia, `deda-

kacad~ rom uxmobs: ̀ sityva ̀ qali~ gana imodens gvetyvis, rasac gveubneba didebuli sityva `deda~ da masTan erTad `kaci~? sad qaloba da sad dedakacoba! qali Sesanaxia da ara Sem-naxveli, bargia da ara Wirnaxuli, pepelaa da ara futkari... qali ufar-uxmlo dedakacia, dedakaci farxmliani qalia. vai, rom dedakacni wavidnen, aRar gvyvanan da marto qalebiRa dagvrCnen... aq aris, sxvaTa Soris, saTave Cvenis ubedurebisa~ (`patara saubari~).

dadardianebuli sanaTa, `beri diaci~ emduris xoSarelTa bedisweras, xats Sestiris: `srul Cven rada varT tanjvaSi,kvnesa rad ismis CveniTa?rodemdis unda vstirodeT, miwa vasveloT cremliTa,an miwa rad ara ZReba damdnaris gulis wveniTa?!~wuxs sanaTa, rom fSav-xevsureTs mcvelni gaswydomia. joxs dayrdnobili, xanxaliT

moaruli, kviria maTurels uambobs Tavis gasaWirs: xoSarisgori fSavel-xevsurTa Zvle-biT gasuqebula, TaTrebs aukliaT mTa, mamris saxsenebeli gauqriaT. daxocilTa datire-baRa darCeniaT qalebs.

afxuSodan xoSars gamoTxovili qali yofiliyo sanaTa, beriZis qvrivi. urjulo Ta-Trebs erT dRes Sehkvdomoda misi Svidi Svili, meuRle. xoSarisgorze gaeWra saflavebi qals, or kviras eTxara samareebi. tiris sanaTa:

`rad gvinda dedebs Svilebi, raze vswvaldebiT netavi?gahzdi, galaRebs vaJkaci, lamazi, goris mdrekavi;galaRebs, magram tyuilad, dRes mrTeli, xvale mkvdaria,mova, waiRebs uecrad sisxlisa niav-Rvaria~.sanaTa mamris saqmes ikisrebs. uwyis, rom es adaTis darRvevaa, magram sjera: ùkacurT kacoba gvmarTebs, manam suli gvCrav pirSia, xatic Sagvindobs codvasa, ro gvnaxavs gasaWirSia~.rogor bednierdeba sanaTa, rodesac Seityobs, rom èrTs pirzed damdgari~ TuS-

fSavel-xevsurni kaxeTis saxsnelad apireben galaSqrebas. gaxarebuli etyvis kvirias: ègeb, inebos batonma (xatma), gagmarjvebiyosT mterzeda,Tu amas gavigonebdi, ar vitirebdi mkvdrebzeda;imav dRes, Svilo, dedilam, Wrels Cavicomdi kabasa,~aRarc vitirebdio Svilebs: juRuras, sabas, ivanes... `Tu amamyridiT mtris javrsa,

SvilT arc ki movigonebdi~, kardakar vivli, yvelas SevTxov, gamovides urjuloebTan sabrZolvelad, TiToeul ojaxs Sevemudarebi; `me Tu rva suli Sevwire, TiTos ver gaim-etebeno~.

laSaris jvars Seavedra sanaTam TuS-fSavel-xevsurni:

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`CauZvel, laSarelao, tanze Saibi xmalia,gviWirs da gamogvayene Seumusravi Zalia!~mxneobasa da gamZleobas rwmena aniWebs sanaTas. namgzavr-natanj kvirias qada-purebs

miscems da gzas daulocavs imediani.sanaTasnair dedebs eZRvneba vaJas ulamazesi striqoni: `lamazad Svilis aRmzrde-

li deda micvnia RmerTada~ (`saaxalwlod~) (vaJa-fSavela, Txz. 2 tomad, t. I, Tb., 1979, gv. 230).

sanaTasave `gorisaa~ `baxtrionis~ umSvenieresi personaJi, lela baCleli.amxedrebuli, mamisaTvis moparuli SubiT SeiaraRebuli gamoecxadeba igi fSavel-xe-

vsurTa laSqars, samoTxis yvaviliviT mSvenieri, xorcSesxmuli siyvarulis dari. jer moCveneba egona spas, sanam sulisSemZrav monaTxrobs moismenda: baCleli SanSes asuls didi ubedureba dastydomoda Tavs _ TaTrebs Zmebi daexocnaT misTvis, deda SeepyroT, baxtrions gamoeketaT; daWrili mama logins hyavda mijaWvuli.

Seemudareba laSqars, qalobiT nu damiwunebT, xmlis qneviT ver gagakvirvebT, magram ukan ar davixevo: `TaTrebTan omi mwadian, minda, ro javri viyaro, bevrs sam (ram) avs saqmes sCadian, _ ikleben saqarTvelosa, bumberazobiT (variantiT _ bumbarezobiT) dadian~.

sumelji daamSvidebs, Cvenac veyofiT TaTrebsao.wuxs lela, avi sizmrebiT gatanjuli: Turme kupriviT Savi kaci stumrobs zmanebaSi,

ZmaTa sisxlian mklavebs uwyobs RreWiT win; mere mzisferi diaci ecxadeba da SurisZiebi-saken mouwodebs gawvalebuls.

ganacrebuli, gulCaTuTquli, atirebuli, laSqars gaecala qali, `Reles Cavida mwux-are vardi, vardis wyliT nabani~.

kvirias gegmas dasTanxmdeba, yeenisaTvis feSqaSad naboZeb qalad gaasaRebs Tavs, `oRomc daabas Cvenm jarma TaTrebi viris bagaze~. baxtrionis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli de-dis kalTaze sikvdili enatreba.

saxeliani kvdeba lela baCleli, `qali xel-farteniani~, kviria maTurelTan erTad baxtrionis cixis kari rom gauRo TuS-fSavel-xevsurT da sparselebma akafes. TanamoZ-meebma Tavganwiruli ymawvili qalis cxedari mTas waasvenes _ `mZimea Tavis qveyana, Tavis wyal-Wala Zliera, miwac tkbilia mSobluri, guls rom eyreba fxviera~.

Tuki sanaTa da lela qarTveli qalebi arian, `stumar-maspinZlis~ ulamazesi per-sonaJi, aRaza, qistia, jaregeli joyola alxastaisZis meuRle, qmariviT didbunebovani, maRali sulisa.

joyolas ojaxSi misulT, stumarsa da meuRles gamoegebeba ̀ qali lamazi, Savis tansac-mliT mosili, rogorac alya tanada, varskvlavi cidan moclili~. mSvidobiT mosvlas usurvebs zviadaurs, abjars CamoarTmevs, SeipatiJebs.

saocari gancda eufleba ulamazes, unatifes qals, rodesac zviadauris Sewirvis sa-zar suraTs umzers qistTa sasaflaoze. igznebs, rom vaJkacis `guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda~.

sazareli scenis mzirali `diaci bndeboda, cremlebs hmalavda lamazi, xalxze ukana dgeboda.miSvelebasa hlamobda: `nu hklavT!~ _ eZaxis gulio.fiqrobda brazmoreuli: `netavi momca culio,netavi, nebas maZlevdes dedakacobis rjulio,rom eg vacocxlo, sxvas yvelas gavafTxobino sulio~.Sehnatroda zviadauris Tanamecxedres...upatronod migdebul mkvdars uWirisufla lamis Tavadac gonmixdilma, RamiT, rode-

sac `sinaTles suli amohxda~. didxans dastiroda zviadaurs, Sublsa da mkerdze wyals isxamda, suls ibrunebda.

`tiroda, magram tirili ar iyo, exaTreboda:erT mxriv xaTri aqvs Temisa, meoriT _ RmerTi aSinebs _qisteTis mtrisa mozares Tavs risxvas gadmoadinebs.es fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda,kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.aZrwunebda fiqri, `vis coli vis qmarsa stiriso~. laslasiT wamovida Sinisaken, wamos-

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vlisas Tma aaWra micvalebuls, `brolis TiTebiT TliliTa~ gamohxvia CiqilaSi. sindisi awuxebs, TiTqos, gaorebulia, SeZrwunebulia. eCveneba, TiTqos mkvdrebi

saflavTagan amosZaxian, maRali RmerTi grisxavdeso.bunebis pirquSobac, landTa rialic aZrwunebs: àCqarebuli Rrublebi cis pirze gad-

modiodnen~. mTis `balaxni, qvani, qviSani~ TiTqos wyevla-krulvas uTvlian. mkvdari Zmac, ebaric, nawyenia, `magiT mimtkiceb dobasao~...

ZaRls, ymis leSis sajijgnad dageSils, qviT daafrTxobs. Ggulamovardnili, SeZrwun-ebuli mivardeba Sin. saxegamtknarebuls hkiTxavs joyola, xom arvin moiwadina, gadaegore mklavzeo. Sors daiWira qalma:

`vin gamibedavs magasa, rad minda leCaq-kabani?!~icrua, cxens veZebdi xevebSi, devebma damaSineso. ver daarwmuna qmari namtiralevma da

gamoutyda nazi, mTrTolare xmiT:`cremlebi Semiwiria im Senis megobrisada.Zlier Sembralda beCavi, rom ucxoeTSi kvdeboda,arc naTesavi, arc moZme, rom visme Sehbraleboda!...iqneb, Senc gcode, RmerTsaca, magram vitire, ra vqnao!~Rirseul qals qmarmac Rirseuli pasuxi gasca:ìtire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa? diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.joyolas daRupvis Semdeg `sxivmixdili varskvlavis sadarma~ qalma sikvdili arCia,

morevSi Caiqca, `qisteTSi Cemi erTguli kenWic ki arsad aria...me ufro didi codva maqvs, ucxosTvis cremli vRvaria...waiRo wyalma aRaza, lamsa da qviSas Sahria~.umSvenieresi qalis aCrdili zvavisgan nagal goraze joyolasa da zviadauris landebs

maspinZlobs, jixvis mwvadebiT umaspinZldeba.`vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa,stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da daZmobisasa~.aRaza im pirimzesaviT mSvenieria, ufskruls rom `dascqers moRerebulis yeliTa~.àluda qeTelauris~ personaJia deda aludasi, poemis finalSi rom warmoCndeba. SemZ-

ravia mwyromare diacis godeba, diacisa, saxl-kars samudamod rom gamosTxovebia da, damzrali, gaukvalav gzas adgas:

`vahme, ra ugzod davdivarT, vahme, rogora bnelao!netav, ar dasWirdebaa xevsurTa Seni Svelao?! (mimarTavs aludas)vis-ra wyal-Wala gvistumrebs, sad ra-ra davileviTa?ubino-usaxkaroni sxvakanac daviwyeviTa...Tavis miwa-wylis gawirva Zneli yofila metada,momakvdavs davferebivar, goni gamxdia retada. muxleb ar mamdevs, gulSia bneli Camidga svetada~.da mainc, vaJas poemaTa personaJ qalebs naTeli svetad CasdgomiaT gulSi.isini Rirseul mamakacTa Rirseuli dedebi, debi, meuRleebi arian, suliTa da sxe-

uliT lamazni, `samoTxis yvaviliviT~ mSvenierni da mowyvladni...

maswavleblis wigni -...

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