Freestanding Emergency Department DesignIND 5626 Project Programming | Healthcare Design

Edna Desulme & Amy Alonso

MASTER THESIS PROJECT

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City of North Miami

Miami-Dade

North: NE 147th StSouth: NE 121st St

West: NW 17th AveEast: Biscayne Bay

Deportation of Thousands of Haitians (cbsmiami, 2016)September 28, 2016- North Miami Mayor Smith Joseph is urging “other municipalities and counties in the state of Florida…to join North Miami in its efforts to stop the deportation [of thousands of Haitians] from happening. This is coming from a new policy from the Obama Administration, in which the US Department of Homeland Security will begin deporting Haitians, “citing the improving conditions in Haiti”. Mayor Joseph is holding city council meetings and press conferences to “demand action and reverse the decision”.

Ex-North Miami Mayor Fraud (miamiherald, 2015)Luci Tondreau, who “made political history as North Miami’s first female Haitian-American mayor… was sentenced to 65 months in federal prison on Tuesday for her role in an $11 million mortgage fraud scam”. Guilty of conspiracy and wire-fraud charges.

Criminal Investigation into Absentee-Ballot Requests (cbsmiami, 2013)Investigators traced “an IP address used to file bulk absentee ballot requests to [then mayor] Tondreau”.

North Miami Mayor Allegedly Involved in Project Linked to Biscayne Landing (huffingtonpost, 2012)

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Municipality

Incorporated since 1926

Council-manager“City’s charter provides for a mayor, elected city-wide that serves up to two consecutive two year terms; and four council members elected by district,

who each serve no more than two consecutive four-year terms. The city council serves as the policy-making body of the city. The city manager oversees the daily operations of the city and ensures that the policies, directives, resolutions and ordinances adopted by the city council are

implemented and enforced.” (City of North Miami, 2016)

Fig. 1 City boundaries.

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Over 2,500 businesses in retail and service (FIU digital commons)

“City has established a Community Redevelopment Agency to revitalize businesses located in the City’s center… with efforts focused on rehabilitation and beautification (in residential areas improvements encourage walkability). The overall business climate is directed toward building the attractiveness and draw of areas near the business corridors. (FIU digital commons)

Strategic location between Miami and Fort Lauderdale that “can draw a large and qualified workforce contingent from all parts of both Miami-Dade and Broward Counties”. (FIU digital commons)

Sizable Haitian population (moving from “immigrant enclave” of Little Haiti to suburban neighborhoods) (Miami Herald, 2013)

“One of the largest Haitian communities in the state of Florida” (cbsmiami, 2016)

5th largest city in Miami-Dade County (City of North Miami, 2016)

Population (census.gov)Estimate 62,435 a/o July 2015 (census.gov)

Income and Poverty (census.gov)Median household income: $36,780Persons in poverty, percent: 26.2%

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White alone, not Hispanic Black alone Hispanic

51%49%

Native Foreign Born

Fig. 2 Race/Ethnicity (census.gov)

Fig. 3 Population : Estimate 62,435 a/o July 2015 (census.gov).

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Location in immediate context: The Kovens Conference Center, while onFIU’s Biscayne Bay Campus, is located away from the dense collocation ofthe university’s buildings. It belongs to FIU, but its geographical locationaway from the rest of the campus reinforces its functions as independentfrom typical university operations. In other words, its local location isseparate and distinct, and parallels the nature of its business, which is alsoseparate and distinct from that of the other buildings. The KovensConference Center is primarily used for hosting businessconferences/meetings and special events, as opposed to being usededucational purposes.

Location in general context: The Kovens Conference Center overlooksBiscayne Bay, which makes it an appealing venue for conferences andevents. Its location inside a university campus offers a sense of a quiet,intimate setting that would otherwise not be communicated if it werelocated in the middle of the city, right off of local street traffic.Because it is located by the bay, it can easily serve users coming from themainland, as well as those coming from the beach area (i.e. from MiamiBeach to Sunny Isles).

Fig. 4 Kovens Conference Center, located away from the rest of the Biscayne Bay Campus, and overlooking Biscayne Bay.

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Kovens Convention Center

Traffic starts on NE 151st ST moving East towards Bay Vista which is the main entrance to the Kovens Convention Center. Also, traffic moves North to South East on Biscayne Landing Blvd.

During the evening, there is a lot of traffic especially on 915 however it has a steady flow.

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Fig. 5 Google Earth Traffic : Weekdays at 8:00 AM

Fig. 2 Race/Ethnicity (census.gov)

Slowing down

Fig. 6 Google Earth Traffic: Weekdays at 5:00 PM

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06/21/2016 8:00 AM 06/21/2016 12:00 PM 06/21/2016 5:00 PM

12/21/2016 8:00 AM 12/21/2016 12:00 PM 12/21/2016 5:00 PM

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The building only have windows on the Southern back walls;therefore, there will be minimal sunlight penetration withinthe building.

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1. Shalom Gardens2. Arch Creek Memorial Park3. Oleta River State Park4. Oleta River State Park

Kovens Convention Center

Fig. 7 Vegetation identified on Google map near to the building.

The FIU Biscayne campus is adjacent to the Oleta River State Park, which will provide escape opportunity for the staff and users of FSED to exercise and to enjoy nature.

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Kovens Convention Center

As an independent freestanding emergency department, not owned by local health systems, all the hospitals within the county are competitors. Yet, they may partner when patients at the freestanding emergency department require inpatient admission at a hospital.

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North Miami, FL has hot days and cool evening in the winter and hot and humid all through summer. The city experience high precipitation in the month of June and September with up to 9.8 inches.The region is susceptible to hurricanes. The construction of MHP’s building must meet Florida Building Codes and specific property insurance requirements.

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Fig 8. Monthly average high and low temperature in North Miami, FL

Fig 9. Average precipitation for the North Miami area.

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The following highlights the design factors and points obtained to achieve the LEED gold certification.

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16 LOCATION & TRANSPORTATION Possible Points: 21

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0 Credit 1 Site Selection 1-5

6 Credit 2 Development Density and Community Connectivity 6

6 Credit 3.1 Alternative Transportation – Public Transportation Access 6

2 Credit 3.2 Alternative Transportation – Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 2

2 Credit 3.3 Alternative Transportation – Parking Availability 2

LEED 2009 FOR New Commercial Interiors

Within ½ mile radius of the KCC, there are 6 basic services – (1) park, (1) restaurant, (1) gym, (1) library, (1) bank and (1) church - with the construction of the additional 4 services within the 1 year after end of construction.

Project Checklist

There are 2 bus stops within ½ mile radius from the entrance of the building, Route 75 & Route 135 bus lines. The FSED will be offering shuttle services from the entrance to the bus stops.

Bicycle storages will be provided for the hospital’s staff based on 5% peak tenant occupants, and showers and changing rooms will be provide 200 yards from the main entrance based on 0.5% FTE occupants calculation.

The FSED will occupy less than 75% of the building square footage, and will not exceed the local zoning ordinances and will offer 5% of the tenant occupants with preferred parking for carpools or vanpools.

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8 WATER EFFICIENCY Possible Points: 11

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Y Prereq. 1 Water Use Reduction – 20% Reduction

8 Credit 1 Water use Reduction 6-11

According to Practice Greenhealth, hospitals’ 25% of water usage is domestic and 75% non-domestic. Therefore, the opportunity of water use reduction will be on the non-domestic portion, as followed: Replace equipment with air cooled or water-saving models; Steam traps. Develop a steam trap inspection plan and replace faulty steam traps with

effective, low-maintenance units; Sterilization equipment. Install steam condensate temping systems on vacuum and gravity

sterilizers and replace water-induced vacuum devices on sterilizers with electric pumps. Refrigeration equipment. Recover condensate from refrigerators, freezers and ice makers for

reuse; Radiation therapy linear accelerator. Water can be taken from the reject side of the linear

accelerator heat exchangers and pumped to the facility’s cooling towers and reused for evaporative cooling.

Reverse osmosis. Reject water produced in the RO process can be reclaimed for non-miscellaneous potable water use or in the cooling towers.

Water Pressure. Install pressure-reducing valves where system pressure is higher than 60 psi; Boilers. Return steam condensate to boiler for reuse; Sprinkler. Minimize water use for irrigation; Washers. Reprogram machines to eliminate additional rinse cycles, if possible and not

restricted by the health department. Wash full loads only or reduce water levels to minimize water required per load of washing.

LEED 2009 FOR New Commercial Interiors

Project Checklist

Use WaterSense Labeled fixtures whenever possible in the building: Toilets 1.28 gpf or less Urinals 0.5 gpf or less or less Faucet (restroom) 0.5 gpm at 60 psi or

less Faucet (Kitchen) 1.8 gpm at 60 psi or less Sinks and showers. Install flow reducers

(<2.5 gpm) and aerators on applicable plumbing fixtures. Install automatic shutoff valves or motion sensor-activated faucets.

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29 ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE Possible Points: 37

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Y Prereq. 1 Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems

Y Prereq. 2 Minimum Energy Performance

Y Prereq. 3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management

5 Credit 1.1 Optimize Energy Performance – Lighting Power 1 to 5

3 Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance – Lighting Control 1 to 3

5 Credit 1.3 Optimize Energy Performance - HVAC 5 to 10

1 Credit 1.4 Optimize Energy Performance – Equipment and Appliances 1 to 4

5 Credit 2 Enhanced Commissioning 5

5 Credit 3 Measurement & Verification 2 to 5

5 Credit 6 Green Power 5

The lighting power will be calculated using the ASHRAE 90.1 standard methodology, and will use the space-by-space method or the building area method. The aim is 40% reduction in lighting power.

LEED 2009 FOR New Commercial Interiors

Project Checklist

Daylight controls will be installed in all occupied day lit spaces within 15 feet of windows and skylights. Implementation of occupancy sensors for at least 75% of the connected lighting load.

Documentation of 15% reduction energy cost as compared to ASHRAE 90.1’s energy cost budget for regulated energy with the goal of 30% reduction. HVAC update to meet requirement

The FSED is less than 75% of the tenant space, so the project is eligible to earn 5 points by installing sub-metering equipment for all energy sources and energy costs should be paid by the tenant.

The FSED will be purchasing 50% of energy from a Green-e eligible source for at least 2 years.

The lighting power will be calculated using the ASHRAE 90.1 standard methodology, and will use the space-by-space method or the building area method. The aim is 40% reduction in lighting power.

Installation of 70% rated power ENERGY STAR eligible equipment and appliances within the FSED.

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9 MATERIALS & RESOURCES Possible Points: 14

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Y Prereq. 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables

1 Credit 1.1 Tenant Space – Long-Term Commitment 1

2 Credit 1.2 Building Reuse 1 to 2

2 Credit 2 Construction Waste Management 1 to 2

0 Credit 3.1 Material Reuse 1 to 2

0 Credit 3.2 Material Reuse – Furniture and Furnishings 1

2 Credit 4 Recycled Content 1 to 2

0 Credit 5 Regional Materials 1 to 2

1 Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1

1 Credit 7 Certified Wood 1

The FSED has a 10 year lease agreement with FIU.

LEED 2009 FOR New Commercial Interiors

Project Checklist

60% of the building interior will be preserved.

A construction waste management plan is implemented by the contractor diverting 75% of demolition and construction waste.

20% of materials will containing recycled content :ceiling tiles, lumber, paint, wallboards, etc.

10% purchase of animal or fiber materials that grow or can be raised in less than 10 years: plywood, linoleum flooring, etc.

50% of new permanently installed wood is FSC certified with proof of chain-of-custody (COC) documentation from contractors.

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11 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Possible Points: 17

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Y Prereq. 1 Minimum IAQ Performance

Y Prereq. 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

1 Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1

0 Credit 2 Increased Ventilation 1

1 Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan – During Construction 1

1 Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan – Before Occupancy 1

1 Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1

1 Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coating 1

1 Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems 1

1 Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials – Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products 1

0 Credit 4.5 Low-Emitting Materials – Systems Furniture & Seating 1

0 Credit 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1

1 Credit 6.1 Controllability of Systems - Lighting 1

1 Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems – Thermal Comfort 1

1 Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort - Design 1

1 Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort - Verification 1

0 Credit 8.1 Daylight & Views - Daylight 1 to 2

0 Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views, Views 1

The ventilation system will comply to ASHRAE 62.1.

LEED 2009 FOR New Commercial Interiors

Project Checklist

Smoking prohibition in the entire building.

Installation of an alarm indicating a variation of 10% or more ofcarbon dioxide in density occupied space.

Development of a Construction IAQ Management Plan addressing the SMACNA guidelines during construction, and a building flush out prior to occupancy.

All adhesives and sealants comply to SCAQMD Rule 1168.

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All adhesives and sealants comply to SCAQMD Rule 1168.

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All adhesives and sealants comply to SCAQMD Rule 1168.

All paints and coatings comply to Green Seal Standard GS-11, anticorrosive/antitrust paints comply to Green Seal Standard GS-3.

Concrete flooring is in compliance meet SCAQMD Rule 1113, and tile-setting adhesives and grout meet SCAQMD Rule 1168.

Lighting controls provided to 90% pf the tenant occupants space.

Thermal controls available to 50% of building occupants.

HVAC system is designed according to ASHRAE 55-2004

HVAC system is designed according to ASHRAE 55-2004

FIU Digital Commons. (2011). City of North Miami. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/mpo_dade/24

United States Census Bureau. QuickFacts. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from census.gov, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/1249450/accessible

City of North Miami. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from North Miami Florida, http://www.northmiamifl.gov/default.aspx

City-Data. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from City-Data.com, http://www.city-data.com/city/Florida.html

Dixon, L. (2015, March 24). Ex-north Miami mayor gets 65 months for role in fraud scheme. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from Miamiherald.com, http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/north-miami/article16122632.html

N. Miami mayor’s office raided in absentee ballot case. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from CBS Miami, http://miami.cbslocal.com/2013/11/01/n-miami-mayors-office-raided-in-absentee-ballot-case/

North Miami mayor trying to stop deportation of Thousands of Haitians. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from miami.cbslocal.com, http://miami.cbslocal.com/2016/09/28/north-miami-mayor-trying-to-stop-deportation-of-thousands-of-haitians/

Fig. 1 City-Data. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from City-Data.com, http://www.city-data.com/city/Florida.htmlFig. 2 & Fig. 3United States Census Bureau. QuickFacts. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from census.gov,

https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/1249450/accessibleFig. 4Kovens conference center (2016) Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/fiu/3170506143 (Accessed: 17 September 2016).Fig. 5 & Fig. 6Kovens conference center. Retrieved October 5, 2016, from https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kovens+Conference+Center/@25.9072968,-

80.1392107,261m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x88d9ad768d6fb88f:0x2260d38b31d36d0a!8m2!3d25.9072871!4d-80.1387764!5m1!1e1Fig. 7The Weather Channel. (2016, January 13). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/USFL0545:1:USFig. 8 & Fig. 9The Weather Channel. (2016, January 13). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/USFL0545:1:US