master plan1

1

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN

IN SYRIA

ENGINEER

AMIR ALBOUKHARI

Syrian master plan of waste management: Seminars

Introduction:

Solid wastes represent one of aggravating problems which face the

administrative unites in Syria.

The lack of financial incomes ,with the nature un suitable infrastructure ,and

the lack of trained competent had to a weakness in treating and managing the

solid wastes in this unites.

There are some legal, social, and economical major considerations which must

be taken ; in planning ,executing , supervising, and managing to dispose the

wastes.

This study is trial to build base for solid waste management in Syria during

next ten years.

1


Signing contract

with Trivalor co

210000 Euro

2


Steering committee

Under administrating of minister of local administration and environment

Eng Hilal AlAtrash

Eng. Sadek Abou Watfa

- Deputy minister

Eng. Amir Alboukhari

- Damascus cleanliness director

Eng. Rola Abazaid

- MOLA&E – SWM dep.

Eng. Mamdouh Saleh

- Homs city council

3


This study prepared by Trivalor Company :

Phillippe Barthlet

Denis Chevallier

Thomas Berger

Dr. Eng. Razi Asawaf

4


The Master Plan presents the following points of interest:

to facilitate and allow a reliable planning of the investments,

framework to follow-up the "waste" policy,

to initiate the projects with adapted and relevant technologies,

to allow optimization of global management for different types of waste,

to have a coherent and overall national policy,

to treat priorities on a hierarchical basis.

5


The achievement out of this Master Plan consists of four phases

first phase : diagnosis of the current situation,

second phase : suggestion of solutions for the management of waste,

third phase : final solutions and recommendations,

fourth phase : documents for tenders

6


Introduction

The Syrian Arab Republic lies at the crossroads between three continents –Asia, Europe and Africa.

It is bordered to the North and North-West by Turkey, to the East and South-East by Iraq, to the South West by Jordan, and to the West (looking form South to North) mainly by Lebanon and the Mediterranean sea. Map 1 and accompanying Table show how it is divided up into 14 Governorates or Mohafazats.

The country covers an area of 185 180 km2, twice the size of Portugal and half as big again as Greece, but this includes 110 000 km2 of desert.

7


8

GENERALITIES

Opportunities for waste management in Syria :

- Need of organic matter in most of soils (interest for compost),

- Local outlets for plastic, steel, alu, paper and cardboard, used oils,

9

GENERALITIES

Main constraints for waste management in Syria :

- Outside burning, with generation of pollution,

- No landfill with total containment,

- No real operation in most of dumpsites,

- No treatment plant for hazardous waste,

- Important shortage of vehicles, containers and workers,

- No awareness about waste impact on environment.

10


Prepared studies about solid waste management in Syria

Remark Date Study titleStudy source

City

finished 1995

1996Supporting by

collecting vehicles

and landfill

equipment

Improving

environmental

conditions

JICA

Damas

Finishes 1998

1999Collecting vehicles

and transfer station Improving environmental conditions

JICA

AleppoNot

completed

1999 ISWM in Aleppo

city

Study of waste

management

COWI

Goal

11


ا

Only study yet 2001 Study of current

situation in (Lattakia

city- Hafa – Jabla –

qerdaha) and future

conception

Study of solid waste

management in Lattakia

governorate

JICA

lattakia

Study only 1996 General study General study about

solid waste

management in Lattakia

gov.

MEDURBUS

Study only

2001

Study of advantages

of constructing

composting plant

Study about solid waste

management

JICA

Homs

Study only

1999 Study solid waste

situation and preparing

a designing study ,and

solutions to sanitary

landfill

Solid waste

management study

European bank

and Cowi

Study not

complete

2002-

2003

Situation of hazardous

waste and solutions

Hazardous waste study G.T.Z

12


Under

construction

2002 study of current situation and

composting plant

Executing composting

plantG.T.Z

Salamia

Study not complete

2002

2003

Study of current

situation and future

conception

G.T.Z

TartousMunicipal and Hazardous waste study

13


Characterization of waste in 13 Mohafazat of Syria : average, minimum and maximum

(% fresh weight)

57,3 %

4, %

8,4 %9,1 %6,9 %

2,9 %

6,6 %

2,4 % 2,2 %

73,3 %

27,2 %

13,4 %15,9 %

11, %

6, %

18,8 %

5,6 % 4,9 %

, %1,5 % 1,5 % 1, % 1,2 % 1, %

42,3 %

, %

10, %

20, %

30, %

40, %

50, %

60, %

70, %

80, %

organic matter demolition

waste

plastic paper and

cardboard

metal glass textile wood other

- maximal value

- minimal value

- average

14


Al Quneitra

Syria – Municipal Solid Waste Generation in 2002 in 1000 Tons

TURKEY

IRAQ

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As SuweidaDar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamalTadmor

Ariha

Ma’ arrar

BaniasMasyaf

Salamiyah

Ar Bastan

Al Qusayr

Nabk

Qtaifé

Duma

Busra

LIBANON

0 – 250

250 - 500

500 – 1 000

258

302

554

225

848

322

359

265

195

80.5156.7

Damascus

Countryside

531.16.6

Jebleh

Yabroud

Schuba

Damascus

481.8

Al Quneitra

Syria – Municipal Solid Waste Generation in 2002 in 1000 Tons

TURKEY

IRAQ

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As SuweidaDar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamalTadmor

Ariha

Ma’ arrar

BaniasMasyaf

Salamiyah

Ar Bastan

Al Qusayr

Nabk

Qtaifé

Duma

Busra

LIBANON

0 – 250

250 - 500

500 – 1 000

258

302

554

225

848

322

359

265

195

80.5156.7

Damascus

Countryside

531.16.6

Jebleh

Yabroud

Schuba

Damascus

481.8

15


Municipal waste generation quantities

t/day t/year Kg/inhab./year

Domestic waste (current collection) 12 400 4 530 000 226

Municipal rubble and soil (disposed indumpsites) 2 700 1 000 000 50

Green waste (municipal and householdin coastal towns) 110 40 000 20

Professional waste directly disposed indumpsite or burned 1 100 400 000 20

Building waste disposed directly indumpsite 5 200 1 900 000 95

Recycled Automobile waste230 85 000 4

Total 21 800 8 000 000 400

16

Sorting waste

Damascus

Current situation

In Syria

Sorting batteries

17

Current situationIn Syria

Sorting plant

Damascus countryside Ever clean co

18

Damascus

Transfer station

Aleppo


19

Damascus composting

plant


20

Salamya

composting plant

Current situation In Syria

21


Composting plant in

Lattakia (stopped)

22


Composting plant in

Hama (stopped)

23

Damascus

Homs


landfills

24

Latakkia

Aleppo

landfills


25

Idleb

Deir alzor


landfills

The first sanitary landfill in Syria

26

Medical waste management in Damascus

27


Medical waste incinerator in

Almiadeen

Almiadeen city

28


29

Solid waste management Master

plan

30

Basic network Generalization

1 OK NO

OK, in Damascus,

Lattakia and

Salameya

NO NO OK

2 OK NO OK NO NO OK

3 OK OK OK NO NO OK

3 bis OK OK OK NO NO OK

4 OK OK OK OK NO OK

5 OK OK OK OKOK, in Damascus

and Aleppo (1)OK

6 OK OK OK OK

OK, in :

Damascus (1),

Aleppo, Tartous,

Lattakia, Douma,

Suweida + Daraa

OK

(1) only for rejected waste from composting

Sanitary

landfilling

Composting Scenario

Remediation

dumpsite

Recovery

of dry

materials

Thermic treatment

The seven scenarios for domestic waste management in the Syrian Arab Republic

31

GENERALITIES

A rational waste management is :

- Keep a clean town,

- Minimize the current proportion of waste in dumpsite,

- Set up a network of landfill with waterproof and leachate control,

- Increase training for operating of landfills and composting plants,

- Ban outside burning.

32

Domestic waste : 5 400 000 t/year

recovery bulky wastebiowaste inertMixed waste hazardous waste

sorting plant

Landfill

3 000 000 t

home

composting

spécific

treatment

7 400 t

10 000 t4 540 000 t600 000 t 70 000 t 90 000 t

780 000 t

medical waste

7 400 t 3 100 t

spécific

treatment

3 100 t

780 000 t

1 550 000 t

Compost

1 550 000 t

Mechanical

preparation

Inert landifilling

70 000 t

Recycling

790 000 t

1 550 000 t

190 000 t

3 850 000 t650 000 t

Composting

3 100 000 t

Recycling

90 000 t

0,1%1,3%28%55%14% 0,1%1,6%

Domestic waste : 5 400 000 t/year

recovery bulky wastebiowaste inertMixed waste hazardous waste

sorting plant

Landfill

3 000 000 t

home

composting

spécific

treatment

7 400 t

10 000 t4 540 000 t600 000 t 70 000 t 90 000 t

780 000 t

medical waste

7 400 t 3 100 t

spécific

treatment

3 100 t

780 000 t

1 550 000 t

Compost

1 550 000 t

Mechanical

preparation

Inert landifilling

70 000 t

Recycling

790 000 t

1 550 000 t

190 000 t

3 850 000 t650 000 t

Composting

3 100 000 t

Recycling

90 000 t

0,1%1,3%28%55%14% 0,1%1,6%

Solid waste diagram in Syria

33

GENERALITIES

An optimal waste management needs also to implement actions in the order below :

Waste minimization

Adapted collection

Adaptedtreatment

Landfill

Main aim : reduce waste in landfill

34

IN PRACTICE, IT NEEDS :

- Technical means (vehicles, plants…),

- Technical organisation (good managerial staff),

- Administrative organisation (planification in each governorate, inter municipal organisation),

- National policies,

- Financial ressources :

- Financing of investment,

- Financing of services.

35

WASTE MINIMIZATION

36

WASTE MINIMIZATION

Conscious-ness

raising

Financial

incentives

MINIMIZATION

OF WASTE

GENERATION

Promotion of eco-

responsible purchase

MASS MEDIA

Promotion of « less

collected waste »

37

WASTE MINIMIZATION

Solutions :

- Deposit system for batteries, bottles, tires, plastic bags,

-Specific tax on plastic bags You buy the first bag and after

you change old bag for a new,

free of charge

38

WASTE MINIMIZATION

Solutions :

- Encourage reuse : repair lists, support second-hand market…

- Home composting,

39

WASTE COLLECTION

IMPROVEMENT OF TRADITIONAL COLLECTION :

- Decrease the large shortage of collection containers,

- Decrease the large shortage of compactors for collection,

( 10 copactors for 100000 inhabitants )

- Increase the labor force for cleanliness and collection,

(2 workers for 1 000 inhabitants),

- Set up a managerial staff to optimize waste management in each town,

- Promote partnership with private sector companies.

40

Possible separative collection

glass

plastic

Cardboard

Packaging and old papersBiowaste

steel

Vegetables

Green waste

41

RECYCLING CONTAINERS

42

SEPARATIVE COLLECTION OF BULKYWASTE IN DROP-OFF CENTRE

Principle : enclosed place supervised, where municipal services, households, and small companies bring and separate bulky waste : furniture, household electrical appliance, big objects

43

WASTE TRANSPORT

Waste transport is not efficient with tractor or compactor on

long distances.

Transfer station and transport by truck is necessary to gather waste in a big treatment plant.

Main plant

Transfer stations for small centres

44

WASTE TRANSPORTMINIMUM DISTANCE

Ton/day

Distance of treatment

center (km)

Transfer plant advantageous area

45

Transfer station for rural areas

Simple skip

WASTE TRANSPORTATION

46

Transfer station for urban areas


47

GovernorateNb. of sites

Governorate Nb. of sites

Damascus City 1 Hama 12

Damascus countryside 11 Lattakia 13

Daa’ra 7 Tartous 9

Suweida 6 Deir Es Zor 8

Aleppo 14 Hasakeh 8

Idleb 3 Rakka 9

Homs 9 TOTAL 110

Number of transfer stations per governorate

48

Network of transfer stations : 1 to14 transfer station per Governorate


Provisional investment : 4 to 40 million SP/transfer station,

Transport cost : 80 to 100 SP/ton for medium and long distance.

49

DIFFERENT TYPEOF WASTE TREATMENT

Sorting plant

Composting

Other treatment of organic matter

Thermic treatment

50

INTEGRATED CENTRE OF WASTE TREATMENT

51

SORTING PLANT GENERAL ORGANISATION

Weighing

Reception area

Mechanical sorting

Manual sorting

To sell

Storage before conditionning

Weighing

Storage before evacuation

conditionning

Offices

52

SORTING PLANT

P E N TE

OPENER

OF BAGS

ALIMENTATION

MECHANICAL

SORTING SORTING

CABIN

CONVEYOR OF

PRESS

PRESS

EVACUATION

53

SORTING PLANT

54

RECEIPTS OR EXPENSES FOR SORTING

FACILITIES (mixed waste)

5900

2600

1200

600130 -10 10 -20 -50

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1500

3000

6000

10000

15000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Annual recovery tonnage (t/year)

S.P

./to

n o

f re

co

very

mate

rial

55

COMPOSTING PLANT

Organic matter treatment

Aerobic way

Different ways:

Mixed domestic waste

Green waste

Organic matter from domestic waste after separative collection

56

COMPOSTING PLANT

MAIN ORGANISATION

RECEPTION AND

PREPARATION

FERMENTATION

PHASE

MATURATION

COMPOST REFINING

STORAGE

AVOID SCHREDDING

SELLING

PREARE COMPOST FOR SELLING

57

COMPOSTING PLANT

Parameters involved to optimize composting

Humidity,

Aeration

An efficient composting process has to optimize these parameters in a simple way

58

COMPOSTING PLANT

OUTSIDE PLATEFORM WITH NATURAL AERATION

59

COMPOSTING PLANT

OUTSIDE PLATEFORM WITH NATURAL AERATION

compost

Retourneur enjambeurTurner

GREEN WASTE

COMPOSTING

60

COMPOSTING COSTS

920

500

320260 230 220 220

0

500

1 000

5 000 15 000 50 000 100 000 160 000 225 000 260 000

t/year

S.P

./to

n

61

DIFFERENT TYPE OF LANDFILL

Depending on type of admitted waste

1st class: for hazardous waste

2nd class: for domestic waste or non hazardous industrial waste

3th class: for demolition waste (inert)

62

CHARACTERISTICS OF SITEFOR LANDFILLING

Criterion Characteristics

Localisation Distance : 5 km of habitations and others activities.

Geology Limited ground settlement

Impermeable materials in bottom and around the site.

Hydraulic Permeability:

1m with permeability < 1.10-9 m/s + 5m with permeability < 1.10-6 m/s

Hydro-geology Site basis over the maximum level of the water table

63

General design

64

General design

Typical multiple active and passive barrier

Géotextile

Géomembrane PEHD

groundwater

Clay 1m – 10 - 9 m/s

Clay or equivalent 5m – 10 - 6 m/s

WASTE

At least 10 meters


Geotextile

Géomembrane PEHD

groundwater

Clay 1m – 10 - 9 m/s

Clay or equivalent 5m – 10 - 6 m/s

WASTE

At least 10 meters

passive

Substratum

Rock/soil

active

65

Control and supervision

Underground water -monthly sampling and analysis,-control of water level,

Superficial water -implementation of reject points,-monthly analysis

Leachate -treatment to define in special conditions,-implementation of reject points,-monthly analysis,

-quality of rejects to be define in special conditions book,

Biogaz -analysis of composition (6 per year),

-quality of rejects to be define in book of special conditions

Documents -plan of operation,-annual hydric balance

66

BIOGAZ IN LANDFILLS

NETWORK OF

COLLECTION

CONTROLED BURNING PRODUCTION OF ENERGY

67

LEACHATE TREATMENT

STORAGE AND TREATMENT

68

CONSTRUCTION OF COMPARTMENT

69

Cost per ton landfilled in relation with the landfill annual

capacity

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000 500 000

Capacity in tons

Co

st

in S

P/t

on

70

MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

The priority : separative collection of medical waste in the hospital

71

Syria – Medical Waste Facilities Nominal Treatment capacities - 5000 t in 2014

Al Quneitra

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Masyaf

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

950 t/y

500 t/y100 t/y

100 t/y

150 t/y

1 000 t/y

1 000 t/y

300 t/y

300 t/y

Medical Waste Treatment

Facility by Steam Disinfection

300 t/y

100 t/y

300 t/y

100 t/y

300 t/y


Al Quneitra

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Masyaf

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

950 t/y950 t/y

500 t/y500 t/y100 t/y100 t/y

100 t/y100 t/y

150 t/y150 t/y

1 000 t/y1 000 t/y

1 000 t/y1 000 t/y

300 t/y300 t/y

300 t/y300 t/y





300 t/y300 t/y

100 t/y100 t/y

300 t/y300 t/y

100 t/y100 t/y

300 t/y300 t/y

72


RECOMMENDATION :

A specific collection with safety rules and specific trucks for medical waste, with regular disinfection

73


The best solution : steam disinfection

74


RECOMMENDATION FOR SYRIA:

1 plant per governorate for steam disinfection, with :

- 1 large plant in big areas (500 to 1 000 t/year),

- 1 small plant in other areas (100 to 150 ton/year).

New jobs : 4 to 6 persons per facility.

75


Al Quneitra

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Ariha

Ma’ arrar

Masyaf

Al Qusayr

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

1000 t/y

150 t/y

100 t/y

100 t/y




Facility by Incineration

1500 t/y

1500 t/y

1500 t/y


Al Quneitra

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Ariha

Ma’ arrar

Masyaf

Al Qusayr

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

1000 t/y

150 t/y

100 t/y

100 t/y





1500 t/y

1500 t/y

1500 t/y

Al Quneitra

JORDAN

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbij

El Thaourah

Ar Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Ariha

Ma’ arrar

Masyaf

Al Qusayr

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

1000 t/y

150 t/y150 t/y

100 t/y100 t/y

100 t/y100 t/y





1500 t/y

1500 t/y

1500 t/y

76


Incineration of hospital wastes

1. Automatic Loader

2. Automatic Bucket Upturn System

3. Combustion Chamber

4. Combustion Burner

5. Post Combustion Chamber

6. Post Combustion Burner

7.By-pass

8. Energy recuperation boiler

9. Radiator

10. Reactor I

11. Injection System I

12. Reactor II

13. Injection System II

14. Ceramic Filter

15. Clean Gas

16. Gas Extracting Fan

17. Platform for analysis

18. Chimney

77


Incineration of hospital wastes

78


Geotextile

Géomembrane HDPEDrainage layer 0,5 mK = 10 -4 m/s

SubstratumRock/soil

groundwater

Clay or equivalent5m K=10-9 m/s

Hazardous and medical WASTE


Geotextile

Géomembrane HDPEDrainage layer 0,5 mK = 10 -4 m/s

SubstratumRock/soil

groundwater

Clay or equivalent5m K=10-9 m/s

Hazardous and medical WASTE

79

HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous waste collection is an absolute priority :

great impact on compost quality , on environment and water pollution

80

HAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE

In municipal services or fire station : a closed cupboard with retention system on the soil

81

HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT

Aim for Syria : carry out one plant for toxic waste

Several activities in the Syrian plant :

- Recovery,

- Physical and chemical treatment,

- Incineration.

- For specific toxic waste, export is necessary : PCB for example (Europe, Asia…).

- Suggestion : partnership between Middle East countries to set up a network of plant for all toxic waste

82

FINANCING OF INVESTMENT

Government or regional grant

Budget of municipality (need financial reserves)

Bank loan

Private ( by B.O.T: built, operate and transfer tendering procedure)

83

Al Quneitra

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbej

Al Thora

Al Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Masyaf

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Al Quneitra

Aleppo

El Hasakeh

Miadeen

Homs

As Suweida

Dar’a

Damascus

Edleb

Hama

Tartus

Lattakia

A’ Zaz Al Bab

Manbej

Al Thora

Al Raqqa

El Qamishli

Deir ez Zor

Abu kamal

Tadmor

Masyaf

Nabk

Duma

Busra

Orontes

Euphrates

Buhayrat al’ Asad

Jebleh

Yabroud

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Map of main Syrian facilities (Integrated centres and landfill)

84

Al Malkiye (81 820)

El Hasakeh (251 000)

Amuda (38 000)

Ash Sadaddih

Tall Tamir (3 500)

Qamischli (180 000)

Ain Diwar ( 7 000)

Tel Halaf ( 7 000)

Ras al Ein (51 000)

Ad Dughayrat

Al Hawl (6 200)

Al Khatuniya (4 500)

Al ‘Ya Rubiyeh

Tall Brak

Darbasiyah (24 000)

39

27 28

27

50

42

13

30

35

60

41

56

Area A

Population 700 000 inh

Total domestic waste 145 600 ton/year

Transferred waste 43 800 ton/year

Sorting of recyclable 27 230 ton/year

Composting 93 450 ton/year

Landfilling 75 845 ton/year

Area C





Composting 0 ton/year


Area B







Area D







10

Tal Hamies ( 20 000)

Al Qahtaniyeh (22 000)

Al Jawadiyah (3 270)31

Marqadeh

39

35

30

44

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Hasakeh – 1 620 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 336 960 ton/year in 2014

85

Miadeen (50 000)

Der ez Zor (230 000)

Abu kamal (70 000)

Al Thibnah (10 000)

Suwar (10 000)

Al Kasrah (10 000)

Muhasan (22 000)

Al Asharah (23 000)

Hajin (43 200)

418

25

64

57

Ziban (14 000)

54

20

13

37

16

50

Bussayra (20 000)

Al Kharayej (27 000)

Area A

Population 1 115 000 inh






Area B



Transferred waste21 000 ton/year Sorting of recyclable 6

000 ton/year



10

Sbeikhan (24 000)

Ash Shafeh (21 000)

16

40

16

15

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Deir Es Zor – 1 315 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 273 520 ton/year in 2014

86

Al Thora (80 000)

Al Raqqa (250 000)

Sluk (16 000)

Halabiyeh

Al Madane (9 000)

Al Karamah (35 000)

Ayn Isa (16 800)

As Sabkha (26 000)

Tal Abiad (50 000)

21

28

52

30

26

33

24

27

23

42

Dibsi’Affnan (24 000)32

Qantari11

17

58

Al Jirniyeh (18 000)

Area A







Area C



Transferred waste 25 200ton/year




Area B







Kafifeh 20

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Raqqah – 910 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 226 590 ton/year in 2014

87

Ain Al Arab (45000)

A’ Zaz (70 000)

Al Bab (120 000)

Manbij (186 000)

Maskaneh (10 000)

Tal Adaman (8000)

Daret Azze (40 000)

Der Hafer (26 400)

As Sufira (91 600)

Kanasir (14000)

Ifrin (46 000)

Nubul (29 000)

Tal Rifaat (31 000)

Mare (40 000)

Al Rai (12 300)

38

Jarablos (38 000)

32

15

13

18

1023

40

25

Athareb ( 20 000)

28

60

45

Hreitan (17 000)

Rajo ( 6 600)

Jandires (13 000)

Cheikh Al Hadid (10 000)

Bolbol (10 500)

Sarba ( 4 600)

Akhtarin (14 000)

Tadef (33 000)

Al Ghandourah (7 000)

Abu Kolokol (5 000)

Khafseh (18 000)

Al Mahmoudyah (9 000)

35

35

47

37

15

Serrin Al

Chamalieh

(10 000)

18

30

24

24

26 10

831

18

20

2016

40

40

Aleppo

(2 800 000)

Area A

Population 3 110 000






Area C



Transferred waste16 250 ton/year Sorting

of recyclable 7 500 ton/year



Area B



Transferred waste30 000 ton/year Sorting of recyclable

19 320 ton/year



Area D



Transferred waste24 000 ton/year Sorting

of recyclable 7 000 ton/year



Area E







30

Area F

Population 400 000






Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Aleppo – 4 740 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 1 019 100 ton/year in 2014

88

Msebin

Idleb ( 113 000)

Taftanaz (10 000)

Sarahqueb (35 000)

Sinjar (3000)

30

16

15

27

Ma’ arrat an Numan (70000)

Ariha (50 000)

Abu Dhour

(12 000)

Khan Chekhoun (52 000)

Kafr Nobol (22 000)

Ehsem (11 000)

Mambel (8 000)

Jisr Al Shoghour (38 000)

Bdama (6 000)

Harem (30 000)

Banesh (28 000)

Al Dana (20 000)

Ma’artamsrin (30 000)

20

1522

15

10

12

12

37

29

25

20

9

30

7

S.landfill of

Hantoutin

27

NOTA: The site south of Ehsem planned by the municipalities in

the SW area is useless. The surrounding municipalities could join

the Hantoutin landfill.

Area C






Area A







Area B




18 055 ton/year



Area D






Salquin (29 000)

Kafr Takharim (21 000)

Darkush (10 300)

Foua’a (21 000)

Sarmin (18 000)

Armanaz (20 000)

Kelli (11 000)

20

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Idleb - 1 450 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 311 750 ton/year in 2014

89

Slinfa (2000)

Lattakia465 000

Al Haffeh (12 000)

Jableh(62 000)

Sharquiyah (4 000)

Kassab (4 000)

Jobet Birghal (3 000)

Al Qardaha (20 000)

20

22

20

14

20

Watal Khan

Rabiah (8 000)

Qastal Ma’ar (5 400)

Einl Baidah

Al Bahloulieh (9 400)

Kansabba (5 000)

Ayn al Tinah (4 500)

Fakhurah (10 000)

16

24

Projected S.landfill of

Al Qasia + composting

plant







Qutelbiya (15 000)

Ad Dalieh (12 000)

12

13

20

Rehabilitation of the composting

plant

25

20

45

41

28

24

5

12

16

20

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Governorate of Lattakia – 1 050 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 316 050 ton/year in 2014

90

Governorate of Tartus – 785 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 202 530 ton/year in 2014

Al Hamadiyah (10 000)

Banias (35 000)

Tartous

(150 000)

Dreykish (19000)

Al Quadmus (6 000)

Hamman wasel (5 000)

Sheikh Badr (15 100)

20

36

20

18

45

Al’Annazeh (6 000)

At Tawaheen (2 000)

Ar Rawda (6 000)

As Sawda (7 000)

Himmeen (9 000)

Mashtal’halu (7 000)

Safita (27 000)

As Safateh (7 000)Kirbetl’Nizeh

35

Taleen (5 600)

17

149

9

11

23

24 16

2918

13

26


Hade Valley

Arwad Island (18 000)







16

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

91

Governorate of Hama – 1 700 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 365 500 ton/year in 2014

Misyaf (30 000)

Sabouhra (10 000)

Karnaz (13 000)Al Sequelbiya (15 000)

Kafr zeta (20 000)

As Sa’an (10 000)

Bural Sharqi ( 6 000)

24

18

25

47

33

20

Qalaat Almadiq (18 000)

Muharde (20 000)

13

20 30

Al Hamra (28 000)

A’ Qeirbat (5 000)

15

25

40

Murek (16 000)

Hama ( 460 000)

Talsalhab (17 000)

Salameya (85 600)

Area A




52 595 ton/year


Landfilling 150583 ton/year

Area C






Landfilling 17 980 ton/yearArea B




6 000 ton/year



Az’ziara (9 000)

Shat hat attahtah (8 600)

Kafrbhm (17 000)Wadiel I’Youn (10 000)

Aoj (5 000)

Ein Halakim (5 000)

Al Hmeri (4 000)

Hilfaya (20 000)

Kafrnabude (15 000)

11

25

13

24

Soran (28 000) + Tibet Aliman (27 000)

5

68

12

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

92

Governorate of Homs – 1 900 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 490 200 ton/year in 2014

Area A







Talkalak (30 000)

An’Nasra

(21 000)

As Suknah (36 500)Ar Rastan (50 000)

Tal Daw (21 000)Talbissé (37 000)

Sadad (13 000) Al Quaryatayn (30 000)

120

115

25

40

25

Al Qseir (50 000)

Shin (15 000) 20

20

Hasya ( 6 400) Al Raqana (5 000)

Al Fruglos (7 000)

Mkharram Foqani (9 000)

Jibl Jarrah (4 000)

Mhin (12 500)

Al Basiri

24

3525

40

25

35

Homs ( 1 037 000)Area D






Area C



Transferred waste 28 000 ton/year Sorting of

recyclable 3 300 ton/year



Area B







Tal Zahab (14 000)

Kafr laha (21 500)

Quateeneh (7 500)

Mishfreh (11 000)

Area F




2 400 ton/year



(Maghliah in a second term)

75

Area E






85

14

3

4

15

17

30

32

33

10

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

*The Master plan recommends to transfer the waste to Homs landfill. Nevertheless the

any municipality could decide to implement a landfill in condition a suitable site is found

and authorized by the governorate.

*

93

Nabk (47 000)

Qtaifé (40 000)

Duma (300 000)

Yabroud (38 000)

Raqqleh

Al Kiswah (22 000)

Jeiroud (42 000)

Ar Ruhaybah (28 000)

Dumeir (40 000)

Sadaneya (10 000)Zabadani (40 000)

Tall (50 000)

Harasta (150 000)

Al Gusnalié (10 000)

Quatana (47 000)

Daraya (85 000)

3015

5 3526

39

12

9

40

7

Kanakir (13 000)

Sa’asa’a (47 000)

15

23

14

7

34

18


Jeiroud

Existing S.landfill of Al

Jaronia

18

Existing sorting plant

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

Area A







Area B







Area C







Area D







Deir Atiyeh (20 000)

Qara (20 000)

9

8

To Al Quneitra

landfill

Governorate of Damascus Countryside – 3 140 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 945 140 t/year in 2014

94

Al Gusnalié

Governorate of Damascus – 3 400 000 inhabitants in 2014 - 584 800 ton/year in 2014

Damascus

40Existing landfill of Al Jaronia

Transfer station to implement

Existing composting plant to extend







Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

95

Governorate of As Suweida – 360 000 inhabitants in 2014 –

74 880 ton/year in 2014

As Suweida (57 000)

Shaba (14000)

Ariqa (6500)

As Sijn (4400)

Shaqqa (7000)

Al Mushanaf (3 000)

Salkad (12700)

Mallah (10 000)Al Qraya (6000)

Dibin (4400)

15

18

15

22

17

13

Assoura

22

21

12

20

14

19

10

15







At Taleh (10 500)

Al Qanawat (10 000)

Arman (10 000)

At Theel ( 9 000)

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

96

Al Musaifra (11 000)

Kirbeth Ghazaleh (17 000)

Bosral Harir (14 000)Tseel (16 000)

Ash Shajara (8 000) Daele (27 000)

Governorate of Daraa – 1 040 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 216 320 ton/year in 2014

Nawa (55 000)

As Shaykh (23 400)

Izraa (25 000)

Al Harrak (22 000)Tafas (30 000)

Dar’a(100 000)

Bosra (25000)

Khabab

Assanamein (24 000)

Al Harrah (18 400)

Jasem (38 000)

15

15

12

11

22

25

Seda (12 000)

Al Mismiyeh (4 000)

Ghabagheb (11 000)

Kafrshams (14 000)

5

10

25

30

10

8

15

15

18

Area A




25 674 ton/year



Area B







Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

97

Governorate of Al Quneitra – 190 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 38 000 ton/year in 2014

Al Khshniyeh

Al Quneitra

Mas’ada

Ar’afied

Khan Arnabeh (10 000)

Afik

15

22

25

10







Waste from Sa’asa’a

transfer station

Occupied Area

Treatment unit

Sanitary landfill

Transfer plant

Sorting plant

98

The total investment to set up all the facilities and equipments is about 21,20 billion SP, that is about

2,12 billion SP per year.

The total annual cost including investment pay off and operations (within 2014) will be about 11,5 billion SP/year without separative collection,

MASTER PLAN COST

The total annual cost is 488 s.p / inhab.

99


Population 2014 Ton/year InvestmentAnnual collection cost (syrian

pound)Annual transport cost

(syrian pound)Annual manual sorting

cost (SP)

3,400,000 585,0001,502,280,000

1,105,000,000 46,800,000 -2,700,000

Annual treatment (SP)

Annual cost (syrian pound)mechanical preparation

and sorting before composting

composting 1 composting 2sanitary landfill -pay

off + op.cost)hazardous waste medical waste

32,200,000 41,400,000 49,500,000 185,705,000 122,400,000 6,077,500 1,586,382,500

Mohafazat

Damascus City

MASTER PLAN COST

100


MASTER PLAN COST

Area Population 2014 Ton/year InvestmentAnnual collection cost (syrian

pound)Annual transport cost

(syrian pound)Annual manual sorting cost

(SP)

Douma - B

1,000,000 301,000

1,075,200,000

991,504,000

711,482,000

711,482,000

275,000,000 20,468,000 180,000

Jaronia - A

920,000 277,000 253,000,000 13,296,000 180,000

Jeiroud - C

610,000 184,000 167,750,000 10,304,000 5,830,000

Daraya - D

610,000 184,000 167,750,000 11,040,000 5,830,000

Total Mohafazat Damascus Countryside

3,140,000 945,0003,489,668,000

863,500,000 55,108,000 12,020,000

Annual treatment (SP)

Annual cost (syrian pound)

Areamechanical preparation and sorting

before compostingcomposting 1

sanitary landfill -pay off + op.cost)

Hazardous waste

Medicalwaste

Douma - B

26,950,000 45,000,000 96,100,000 36,000,000 6,077,500 505,775,500

Jaronia - A

26,750,000 45,000,000 88,690,000 33,120,000 460,036,000

Jeiroud - C

23,100,000 33,125,000 76,077,000 21,960,000 338,146,000

Daraya - D 23,100,000 33,125,000 76,077,000 21,960,000 338,882,000

Total Mohafazat Damascus Countryside 99,900,000 156,250,000 336,944,000 113,040,000 6,077,500 1,642,839,500

Mohafazat Damascus Countryside

101


MASTER PLAN COST Mohafazat Daraa

AreaPopulation

2014Ton/year Investment

Annualcollection cost(syrianpound)

Annualtransport cost

(syrian pound)

AnnualManual

sorting cost(SP)

Daraa - A 660,000 137,000644,520,000

181,500,000 6,576,000 1,980,000

Al Sanamain - B 380,000 79,000444,260,000

104,500,000 5,056,000 5,830,000

Total MohafazDaraa

1,040,000 216,0001,088,780,000

286,000,000 11,632,000 7,810,000Annual treatment (SP)

Annual cost(syrian pound)mechanical preparation and

sorting before compostingcomposting 1

Sanitarylandfill –payoff + op.cost)

Hazardouswaste

Medicalwaste

21,390,000 23,375,000 57,945,000 23,760,000 2,145,000 318,671,000

16,510,000 15,100,000 40,445,000 13,680,000 201,121,000

37,900,000 38,475,000 98,390,000 37,440,000 2,145,000 519,792,000

102

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0 - Promote the national MSW Master Plan (documents, internet site, seminars) 5

A - Planification: Regional Master Plans 15 15

B - Waste Minimization 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

C - Pilot Project 16 24 19 8 5

Arward island 5 5 5

Home composting 1 1 1

Plastic bags reuse campaign 3 3 3

Dropp-off centres in rural and urban areas ( Damascus and Tartus) 10 5

Separative collection in 1 large city (to be chosen) 10 10 5 5

D - Collection 710 732 733 697 697 697 697 697 697 697

Containers 33 33 33

Trucks and compactors 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670

Hazardous Waste storage 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Dropp-off centres 22 23 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

E - Transfer and Transportation 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172

E1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 172 172 172 172 172

Al Bab, Salameya,Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,Magliah and urgent situations

E2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud,Sa'asaa), Idleb, Qamischli, 172 172 172 172 172

Jawadijeh, Al Thora, Ain al Arab, Kassab, Talkhalak, Al Qseir,Abu kamal,Al Dana, Maharde, As Suknah,

Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Isa, Quaryatayn, Ifrin, Jisr Al Shoghur,

F - Integrated Centres (mechanical separation, composting and sorting plants) 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770

F1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 770 770 770 770 770

Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,

F2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud), Idleb, Qamischli, 770 770 770 770 770

Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab

G - Sorting Centres 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228

G1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 228 228 228 228 228

Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,

G2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud), Idleb, Qamischli, 228 228 228 228 228

Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Al Arab, Kanasir,Al Bab, Abu Kamal, Misyaf, Quaratayn,

Jisr Al Shogour, Salameya, Jawadiyeh, Ayn Isa, Talkhalak, Al Kseir,

H - Controlled Sanitary landfills 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228

H1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside ( Duma, Jaronia), 228 228 228 228 228

Abu kamal, Salameya, Daraa, Sweida, Homs, Magliah,

H2 - Other towns of the mohafazats :Al Quneitra, Hasakeh, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, jeiroud), Idleb, Hama, 228 228 228 228 228

Jawadijeh, Al Thora, Ain Al Arab, Qamischli, Al Bab,Deir Es Zor,Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Isa,

Raqqah,Al Dana, As Suknah, Quaryatayn, Ifrin, Jisr Al Shoghur, Sequelbiah

I - Rehabilitation of dumpsites

Plannification of rehabilitation

Choice of the sites (will depend upon the creation of the sanitary landfills)

Environmental Studies

Rehabilitation work

J - Medical Waste Treatment 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

Medical Waste Steam Disinfection in Damascus, Aleppo, Deir Es Zor, Douma, Homs, Lattakia 25 25 25 25 25

Medical Waste Steam Disinfection in Idleb, Tartus, Hama, Hasakeh, Raqqah, Tadmur, Daraa 25 25 25 25 25

Estimated Yearly Investment in 1000 SP 5 2 189 2 219 2 200 2 153 2 150 2 145 2 145 2 145 2 145 2 145

Previsionnal schedule for the implementation of the actions

evaluation after inventory of municipal dumpsites

103


REFERENCES:

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN IN SYRIA

TRIVALOR COMPANY - FRANCE

CURRENT STUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SYRIA

ENG. AMIR ALBOUKHARI

ANNUAL REPORT FOR CLEANLINESS SERVICES IN DAMASCUS

GOVERNORATE (2003)

104