mary cassatt (1844-1926) teine lefebvre and margot
TRANSCRIPT
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Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) Teine Lefebvre and Margot
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Assimilation and AccommodationChildren form concepts in their mindsConcepts: general categories of objects and information
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All things in the air are birds.
Then they learn the difference between bird and plane
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These are all apples
because they are
red
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Four Stages1. Sensorimotor birth to 1 ½ yrs
2. Preoperational 2-7 yrs
3. Concrete Operations 7-11
4. Formal Operations 11 into adulthood
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• Infant Scientist!
•In this stage children learn about the world through their senses and body movements
•This stage is broken up into 6 different steps
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Step One: Birth
•Infants are only aware of themselves
•They do not understand themselves as a a separate person
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Step Two 1 to 4 months
• Learn to combine two reflexes
• For example they wave their fists and then bring it to their mouths
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Step Three 4 to 8 months
• They respond to other stimuli
• Improves hand-eye coordination
•For example if a baby bumps a rattle and it makes a noise, they may try top bump it again.
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Step Four 8 to 12 months
• Intentional behavior
•They learn certain actions lead to certain results
•Imitates others
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They learn to follow objects with their eyes
•Love playing Peek-A-Boo
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Ten months- learn Object Permanence
That objects continue to exist even when out of sight—can find partially hidden objects
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Stage Five 12 to 18 months
• Trial and error: Push a cracker off a high chair and watch it fall to the floor. Then does it again
•Can find hidden objects
•Understands that objects exist independently
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Step Six 18 to 24 months
•Begin to experiment mentally as well as physically
•They think about what they are going to do before they do it
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• Ages 2 to 7
•Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn
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I “eated” my apple
No, it’s ate
Then I “ated” my apple
Children learn mostly by language and mental images
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• Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
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Everyone views the world like
I do
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Egocentrism
• The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do
•Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives
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Children are prone to thinking errors
Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps
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I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired!
He hurt my feelings so I hit him!
use feeling to
solve problems
rather than logic
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• Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
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• Begin learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property•For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest• However preschool age children cannot arrange themselves by height
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•They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass.
•To them taller means more!
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Another example of conservation
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They have two kinds of reasoning
1. Syncretic– a break in logic, changing set of criteria
Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.
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First, you put all of the white powder in a
bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and
pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.
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2. Intuitive reasoning—They guess!!
Which line has more marbles?
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My birthday is before Christmas
and after Halloween
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•Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe
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•Ages 6 or 7 to 11
•Learn to solve more complex problems using basic logic
•However, they cannot think in abstract ways
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• Understand Conservation– a given amount of anything remains the same even if it changes shape
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•Perfect understanding of reversibility– things can return to their original condition after being changed•Perfect multiple classification and seriation
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What’s Black and White and has 16 wheels?
A Zebra on Roller Skates! ?
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Even their
humor is concrete!
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•Ages 11 to 12 into adulthood!
•Can think through very complex problems, find several solutions, and choose the most logical one.
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•Can think in abstract ways
•Understand loyalty and freedom
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In general we learn:
• Children learn to master one skill before another
• Children learn in their own ways
• And not as Adults do!!
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You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawing
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Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?
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