marketing y entidades de seguros. comercializaciÓn de planes y fondos de pensiones vÍa internet

7/24/2019 MARKETING Y ENTIDADES DE SEGUROS. COMERCIALIZACIN DE PLANES Y FONDOS DE PENSIONES VA INTERNET.

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F@M^BW@G GN W^SI]LH Y FIO@O[@]

DS@GH NO FIO@O[@] Y MHOW@CIBIG@G

L`rjntiod y notig`gns gn sndurhs. Mhlnrmi`biz`mio gn Ubònsy Fhoghs gn pnosihons v` Iotnront.

Wr`c`kh Fio gn Dr`gh prnsnot`gh phr Virdioi` Hsths Dlnz, sinogh nb tuthr gnb lislhL`rih M`stnbbòhs Vnrgudh.

V. C. gnb Wuthr; @bulo`;

G. L`rih M`stnbbòhs Vnrgudh G`. Virdioi` Hsths Dlnz

]nvibb`. Kuoih gn 350>


2/54

DS@GH NO FIO@O[@] Y MHOW@CIBIG@G

F@M^BW@G GN W^SI]LH Y FIO@O[@]

WS@C@KH FIO GN DS@GH

M^S]H @M@GLIMH Z3507-350>\

WW^BH;

L@SJNWIOD Y NOWIG@GN] GN ]ND^SH]. MHLNSMI@BI[@MIO GN UB@ON] YFHOGH] GN UNO]IHON] V@ IOWNSONW.

@^WHS;

VISDIOI@ H]WH] DLN[

W^WHS;

L@SIH M@]WNBB@OH] VNSG^DH

GNU@SW@LNOWH;

@GLIOI]WS@MIO GN NLUSN]@] Y L@SJNWIOD

SN@ GN MHOHMILINOWH;

MHLNSMI@BI[@MIO N IOVN]WID@MIO GN LNSM@GH]

SN]^LNO;

ô` vnz gnsmrith nb fuomiho`linoth gn b`s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s, no thghs sus`spnmths ilphrtòtns, sn prhmngn ` rn`biz`r uo gns`rrhbbh tnrimh shcrn bhs Ubòns yFhoghs gn Unosihons, lngiòtn b` ohrl`tiv` qun ridn su `mtivig`g y, uo nstugih shcrn

b` gismipbio` gnb L`rjntiod, b` mu`b ns b` nom`rd`g` gn `g`pt`r b`s onmnsig`gns gnbmhosulighr b` `mtu`b tròsfhrl`mio gidit`b.

No nstn tr`c`kh fio`b gn dr`gh, sn gns`rrhbb` uo nstugih prmtimh no qun nb qun snò`biz` b` fhrl` no qun b`s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s m`ptò mbinotns p`r` Ubòns yFhoghs gn pnosihons phr lngih gn b`s ounv`s tnmohbhd`s. Bhs rnsubt`ghs hctnoighsprnsnotò uo` mhlp`r`mio, gn bh qun sn gngumn qu notig`g nst ls `g`pt`g` mhornspnmth b L`rjntiod.

Vig`Mìx` ns uo mb`rh nknlpbh gn iovnrshr` mhotiou`g` no tnmohbhd`, sinogh uoh gnsus v`bhrns fuog`lnot`bns nb gio`lislh.

U@B@CS@] MB@VN;

Ubòns y Fhoghs gn pnosihons: notig`g `sndur`ghr`: sndurh: l`rjntiod: Iotnront.


3/54

WFD-FIMH. L`rjntiod y Notig`gns gn sndurhs. Mhlnrmi`biz`mio gn Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons v` Iotnront.

I

OGIMN

0. IOWSHG^MMIO, HCKNWIVH] Y K^]WIFIM@MIO GNB WNL@ ....................................................................00.0. Iotrhgummio ............................................................................................................................................................................................................0

0.3. Hckntivhs ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

0.=. Kustifim`mio gnb tnl` .............................................................................................................................................................................3

3. B@] NOWIG@GN] @]ND^S@GHS@] ...........................................................................................................................................................=

3.0. U`rtns qun iotnrvinono no nb mhotr`th gnb sndurh...................................................................................=

3.3. Mhomnpths sndur`ghrns csimhs .....................................................................................................................................7

3.=. Nxidnomi`s gn b` Bny ................................................................................................................................................................................>

3.=.0. O`tur`bnz` kurgim` ...........................................................................................................................................................63.=.3. Hcknth shmi`b ..............................................................................................................................................................................6

3.=.=. M`pit`b shmi`b h fhogh lutu`b loilh .............................................................................................4

3.7. B` Girnmmio Dnonr`b gn ]ndurhs y Fhoghs gn Unosihons ...................................................4

3.>. Nb Mhoshrmih gn Mhlpnos`mio gn ]ndurhs ..................................................................................................1

=. MB@]N] GN USHG^MWH] GN ]ND^SH] .......................................................................................................................................9

=.0. ]ndurhs mhotr` g`hs ...........................................................................................................................................................................9

=.0.0. Gisphsimihons dnonr`bns ....................................................................................................................................05

=.0.3. ]ndurhs gn iomnogihs..............................................................................................................................................05

=.0.=. ]ndurhs mhotr` rhchs ..............................................................................................................................................05

=.0.7. ]ndurhs gn tròsphrtn tnrrnstrn .............................................................................................................00

=.0.>. ]ndurh gn bumrh mnsòtn ....................................................................................................................................00

=.0.6. ]ndurh gn mrgith y mùmio ........................................................................................................................00

=.0.4. ]ndurh gn rnsphos`cibig`g mivib .............................................................................................................00

=.3. ]ndurhs pnrsho`bns .............................................................................................................................................................................03

=.3.0. ]ndurh shcrn b` vig` .................................................................................................................................................03

=.3.3. ]ndurh gn `mmignotns .............................................................................................................................................0=

=.3.=. ]ndurh gn nofnrlng`g y sistnomi` sòit`ri`................................................................ 0=

=.=. ]ndurhs mhlcio`ghs h lubtirrinsdh .........................................................................................................................0=

7. UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON] .................................................................................................................................................0>

7.0. Lhg`big`gns y priomipihs csimhs gn Ubòns gn Unosihons............................................. 06

7.0.0. Lhg`big`gns gn Ubòns gn Unosihons .......................................................................................06

7.0.3. Uriomipihs csimhs gn Ubòns gn Unosihons..................................................................... 06

7.3. ]upnrvisio y mhotrhb gn bhs Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons ........................................ 04

7.=. Mhotiodnomi`s susmnpticbns gn mhcnrtur`.......................................................................................................04

7.7. Gifnrnomi`s mho Ubòns gn kucib`mio ......................................................................................................................01

>. L@SJNWIOD........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................09>.0. Mhomnpths csimhs gn L`rjntiod ..................................................................................................................................35


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II

>.0.0. L`rjntiod gn Snb`mihons ...................................................................................................................................35

>.0.3. Lix gn L`rjntiod .............................................................................................................................................................30

>.0.3.0. Urhgumth .....................................................................................................................................................................33

>.0.3.3. Urnmih ..............................................................................................................................................................................3=

>.0.3.=. Gistricumio ............................................................................................................................................................3=

>.0.3.7. Mhluoim`mio ...................................................................................................................................................37

>.3. B` tr`osfhrl`mio gidit`b gnb L`rjntiod ..............................................................................................................3>

>.3.0. M`lp``s gn m`pt`mio gn mbinotns ..............................................................................................36

>.3.3. L`rjntiod gn `tr`mmio ..........................................................................................................................................36

>.3.=. Nstr`tndi` gn l`rjntiod lvib ..................................................................................................................31

6. LNWHGHBHD@ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................=0

4. SN]^BW@GH] .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................==

4.0. ]ilub`ghrns....................................................................................................................................................................................................... ==

4.3. Cusm`ghrns gn pb`ons .....................................................................................................................................................................=>4.=. Urhlhmihons ....................................................................................................................................................................................................=9

4.7. @rdulnoths gn vnot` ........................................................................................................................................................................70

1. MHOMB^]IHON] ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................7>

9. CICBIHDS@F@ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................74

OGIMN FID^S@]

3. B@] NOWIG@GN] @]ND^S@GHS@] ...........................................................................................................................................................=

3.0. Sinsdh `sndur`gh phr thl`ghr.............................................................................................................................................=

3.3. Mb`sifim`mio gn b`s pril`s gn sndurhs ....................................................................................................................>


=.0. Mb`sifim`mio gn sndurhs ...................................................................................................................................................................9

=.3. ]ndurhs mhotr` g`hs ......................................................................................................................................................................05

=.=. Givisio sndurhs gn vig`..............................................................................................................................................................

037. UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON] ...............................................................................................................................................0>

7.0. Mhlphsimio gn b` m`rtnr` gn bhs fhoghs gn pnosihons ......................................................... 0>

>. L@SJNWIOD........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................09

>.0. Fuomiho`linoth gnb L`rjntiod ...........................................................................................................................................09

>.3. L`rjntiod lix .................................................................................................................................................................................................33

4. SN]^BW@GH] .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................==

4.0. ]ilub`ghr pnosio lnosu`b Gnutsman [urima Unosihons................................................... ==

4.3. ]ilub`ghr pnosio gn kucib`mio nstil`g` Gnutsman [urima Unosihons....

==4.=. Snsubt`ghs pnosio nstil`g` Gnutsman [urima Unosihons............................................. =7


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III

4.7. ]ilub`ghr gn kucib`mio Vig`Mìx .................................................................................................................................=7

4.>. Cusm`ghr gn pbòns ]òtògnr Unosihons ..................................................................................................=>

4.6. Cusm`ghr gn fhoghs Còjiotnr vig`...........................................................................................................................=6

4.4. ]ilub`ghr `snshr gn pbòns Vig`Mìx` .............................................................................................................=4

4.1. Snsubt`ghs `snshr gn pbòns Vig`Mìx` ..........................................................................................................=1

4.9. Ubòns Gnutsman [urima Unosihons ..........................................................................................................................=1

4.05. Urhlhmio no `phrt`mihons Vig`Mìx` ...........................................................................................................=9

4.00. Urhlhmio no tr`sp`shs Vig`Mìx` .....................................................................................................................75

4.03. Urhlhmio gn rnot`cibig`g òu`biz`g` ]òtògnr Unosihons.................................. 75

4.0=. @rdulnoths gn vnot` Gnutsman [urima Unosihons .....................................................................70

4.07. @rdulnoths gn vnot` Vig`Mìx` ...............................................................................................................................73

4.0>. @rdulnoths gn vnot` ]òtògnr Unosihons .........................................................................................73

OGIMN W@CB@]

3. B@] NOWIG@GN] @]ND^S@GHS@] ...........................................................................................................................................................=

3.0. M`pit`b shmi`b phr r`lh gn sndurhs ................................................................................................................................4


=.0. B`s vnot`k`s gnb lubtirrinsdh h sndurhs mhlcio`ghs ................................................................. 077. UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON] ...............................................................................................................................................0>

7.0. Gifnrnomi`s notrn Ubòns gn Unosihons y Ubòns gn Kucib`mio............................... 01

>. L@SJNWIOD........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................09

>.0. Gifnrnomi`s notrn L`rjntiod gn tròs`mmihons y L`rjntiod gn rnb`mihons30

4. SN]^BW@GH] .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................==

4.0. Snsulno rnsubt`ghs ...........................................................................................................................................................................7=


6/54


- 0 -

M@UW^BH 0

IOWSHG^MMIO, HCKNWIVH] Y K^]WIFIM@MIO GNB WNL@

0.0. IOWSHG^MMIO

B` tr`ynmthri` snduig` no nb prnsnotn tr`c`kh p`rtn gn bh dnonr`b p`r` bbnd`r ` bhnspnmfimh. Mhlinoz` phr `chrg`r thgh bh rnfnrnotn ` b`s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s,mhotio` rn`bizoghsn uo` mb`r` gistiomio notrn bhs sndurhs nxistnotns, mhombuynoghphr phonr no situ`mio `b bnmthr shcrn bhs `spnmths csimhs gnb fuomiho`linoth gn bhsUbòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons. Nstn prilnr cbhqun tnrimh tinon uo` rnb`mio mho nbL`rjntiod, snduogh cbhqun tnrimh gns`rrhbb`gh. Gima` rnb`mio sn nstugi`, lngiòtnuo` lnthghbhd`, gògh bud`r ` uo` snrin gn rnsubt`ghs y mhombusihons dnonr`bns,tòth tnrim`s mhlh prmtim`s.

Bhs Ubòns gn Unosihons sho nb gnrnmah gn b`s pnrsho`s fsim`s ` muyh f`vhr snmhostituyno ` pnrmicir rnot`s h m`pit`bns phr kucib`mio, gn fhrl` vhbuot`ri`, sio snrsustitutivhs gn b`s prnst`mihons gn b` ]ndurig`g ]hmi`b.

Bhs Fhoghs gn Unosihons sho bhs iostrulnoths nom`rd`ghs gn rn`biz`r b`siovnrsihons p`r` rnot`cibiz`r nb gionrh qun bhs àhrr`ghrns aò mhofi`gh `b Ubò gnUnosihons.

M`g` vnz ls, bhs sistnl`s gn sndurig`g shmi`b d`ròtizò uo` pnosio lnohr nornb`mio mho nb btilh s`b`rih qun sn prnv rnmicir no nb lhlnoth gn b` kucib`mio, phrnbbh nb ùlnoth gn b` prnhmup`mio phr lòtnonr nb `mtu`b oivnb gn vig`, a` prhvhm`ghuo ùdn no bhs mhotr`ths gn Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons.

Nb luogh t`b y mhlh nr` mhohmigh a` m`lci`gh gn fhrl` r`gim`b, gncigh ` b`sounv`s tnmohbhd`s, y `mtu`blnotn ns nb mhosulighr quino tinon nb phgnr gn gnmisio.B` tnmohbhd` m`lci` mho t`b r`pignz, qun b`s lisl`s nlprns`s oh mhosiduno`g`pt`rsn thgh bh rpigh qun quisinrò.

Iotnront a` `cinrth m`liohs p`r` lhstr`r bhs Ubòns y Fhoghs gn pnosihons, sio uoblitn gn `bmòmn no rnb`mio ` b` m`pt`mio gn phsicbns mbinotns, `mt` b`s 37 ahr`s gnbg` nb `h mhlpbnth, phr bh qun, gns`rrhbb` m`lp``s gn m`pt`mio gn mbinotns luysndlnot`g`s mho uo loilh gnsnlchbsh.

B` tròsfhrl`mio gidit`b y b`s nstr`tndi`s gn l`rjntiod no nb snmthr sndurhs shoghs lnmòislhs onmns`ri`s p`r` `gnmu`r nb snmthr ` b`s onmnsig`gns gnb lnrm`gh gnsndurhs mtu`b.

]ndo (LmM`rtay, K. y Unrrùbt, T., 3550), nb l`rjntiod sn gnfion mhlh; B`rn`biz`mio gn `qunbb`s `mtivig`gns qun tinono phr hcknth mulpbir b`s lnt`s gn uo`hrdòiz`mio, `b òtimip`rsn ` bhs rnqunrilinoths gnb mhosulighr h mbinotn y `bnomùz`r uo fbukh gn lnrmòm`s `pt`s ` b`s onmnsig`gns y bhs snrvimihs qun nbprhgumth prnst` `b mhosulighr h mbinotn.

Nb l`rjntiod lvib a` p`s`gh ` situ`rsn `b mnotrh gn luma`s nstr`tndi`s gnl`rjntiod gn sndurhs gncigh ` b` ilphrtòmi` gn bhs gisphsitivhs lvibns mhlhmò`bns prihrit`rihs no gistiot`s hm`sihons gnb prhmnsh gn mhlpr` gnb mhosulighr`mtu`b.


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- 3 -

0.3. HCKNWIVH]

Nb prnsnotn tr`c`kh mhost` gn ghs hckntivhs dnonr`bns, nxprns`ghs gn fhrl` mb`r` yprnmis`, gn bhs mu`bns uoh ns tnrimhs y htrh prmtimh, mhomrnt`ghs no gifnrnotnshckntivhs nspnmfimhs.

Mhlinoz` phr prnsnot`r bhs ghs hckntivhs dnonr`bns;

- Mhohmnr nb fuomiho`linoth gnb snmthr `sndur`ghr y nb l`rjntiod

- Mhohmnr b` fhrl` no qun b s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s mhlnrmi`bizò bhs Ub onsy Fhoghs gn Unosihons v` Iotnront.

M`g` uoh gn bhs òtnrihrns munot` mho 7 nspnmfimhs. Uhr uo b`gh, bhs hckntivhsnspnmfimhs gnb hckntivh dnonr`b tnrimh sho;

Nxphonr b` fhrl` no qun `mtò b`s notig`gns sndur`ghr`s.

Gifnrnomi`r bhs tiphs gn prhgumths gn sndurhs nxistnotns.

Nstugi`r bhs Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons.

Mhohmnr bhs mhomnpths csimhs gnb l`rjntiod y su nvhbumio gncig` ` b`tròsfhrl`mio gidit`b.

Uhr htrh b`gh, bhs hckntivhs nspnmfimhs qun `mb`rò nb hckntivh dnonr`b prmtimh shobhs siduinotns;

Mhohmnr qu nlprns`s pungno snrvir gn rnfnrnomi` p`r` mhlp`r`r rnsubt`ghs.

Visit`r b` pdio` wnc gn b s nlprns`s snbnmmiho`g`s ghs buons `b lns p`r`nomhotr`r m`lcihs si bhs aucinsn, gnsgn nb 06 gn l`rzh a`st` nb 0> gn kuoih.

Cusm`r no b`s nlprns`s nbndig`s, puoths mhovnrdnotns y givnrdnotns notrnnbb`s.

0.=. K^]WIFIM@MIO GNB WNL@

@mtu`blnotn, nxistn uo` mrnminotn iotnosifim`mio gn b` mhlpntnomi` notrn b`snotig`gns `sndur`ghr`s qun bumaò phr m`pt`r mbinotns, bh mu`b, a` prhvhm`gh qunm`g` uo` gn nbb`s iovinrt` m`g` vnz ls no nb L`rjntiod y no b`s ounv`s tnmohbhd`s,

mho nb hckntivh gn lnkhr`r b` m`big`g gnb snrvimih y, mho nbbh, nstilub`r uo ùlnoth nob`s vnot`s.

ô` v` qun aò thl`gh b`s notig`gns p`r` `kust`rsn ` stn nothroh a` sigh nb gnhrinot`r su fibhshf` p`r` mnotr`rsn no b` vnot` gn sndurhs ` tr`vs gn Iotnront, y` sn`phr gisphsitivh lvib h phr AWLB mbsim`. Nsth sn a` mhovnrtigh no uo tnl` qun `fnmt`dbhc`blnotn ` thg`s b`s notig`gns gn snrvimihs y, no mhomrnth, ` b`s gn sndurhs. Nbl`rjntiod tinon uo p`pnb ilprnsmiogicbn no nst` nsmno`, gncigh ` qun ns b` nom`rd`g`gn iovnstid`r nb lnrm`gh mho nb fio gn `gnmu`r b` hfnrt` gn b` notig`g ` b` gnlòg` gnbhs mbinotns.

@ mùs` gn vnrsn hcbid`g`s ` mhlnrmi`biz`r bhs Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons

lngiòtn Iotnront, sn a`mn onmns`rih nstugi`r mlh bh a`mno b`s notig`gns no nstnlngih, p`r` mhosnduir phsicbns funotns gn lnkhr` hrinot`g`s ` sus gncibig`gns.


8/54


- = -

M@UW^BH 3

B@] NOWIG@GN] @]ND^S@GHS@]

Nb sndurh mhlh iostitumio gnsgn uo puoth gn vist` tmoimh sn gnfion mhlh b`lòifnst`mio tmoim` y hrdòiz`g` gn b`s ioimi`tiv`s shmih-nmholim`s gnmhlpnos`mio gn rinsdhs, ``ginogh qun b` iostitumio `sndur`ghr` tinon ghsdrògns lòifnst`mihons, b` ]ndurig`g ]hmi`b y nb sndurh priv`gh (Du`rgihb`, 3550).

]ndo nb Sn`b Gnmrnth Bndisb`tivh 0=74/091>, gn 0 gn `dhsth, phr nb qun sn`prunc` nb tnxth rnfuogigh gn b` Bny rndub`ghr` gn b` Urhgummio gn ]ndurhs Uriv`ghs,sn notinogn mhlh prhgummio gn sndurhs priv`ghs b` `mtivig`g lnrmòtib gn prhlhmio,lngi`mio y `snshr`linoth prnp`r`thri` gn b` fhrl`biz`mio gn mhotr`ths gn sndurhs yrn`sndur`ghs priv`ghs notrn pnrsho`s fsim`s h kurgim`s y Notig`gns `sndur`ghr`sbnd`blnotn ùthriz`g`s h nst`s notrn s.

Nb sndurh priv`gh tinon ghs vnrtinotns qun pbòtnò su nstugih; b` priv`g` mhothghs bhs `spnmths rnb`miho`ghs mho nb mhotr`th gn sndurh: y b` pcbim`, mhosnmunomi`gn b` hrgno`mio y supnrvisio phr bhs phgnrns pcbimhs gn b` `mtivig`g `sndur`ghr`(M`lphs, 3503).

]ndo nb Sn`b Gnmrnth Bndisb`tivh >5/0915, gn 1 gn Hmtucrn, phr nb qun sn `prunc`nb tnxth Snfuogigh gn b` Bny gn Mhotr`th gn ]ndurh (C.H.N. ol. 3>5, gn 04 gnhmtucrn gn 0915), nb mhotr`th gn sndurh ns `qunb phr nb qun nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid`,lngiòtn nb mhcrh gn uo` pril` y p`r` nb m`sh gn qun sn prhguzm` nb nvnoth muyhrinsdh ns hcknth gn mhcnrtur` ` iognloiz`r, gnotrh gn bhs blitns p`mt`ghs, nb g`hprhgumigh `b `sndur`gh h ` s`tisf`mnr uo m`pit`b, uo` rnot` u htr`s prnst`mihonsmhovnoig`s.

3.0. U@SWN] P^N IOWNSVINONO NO NB MHOWS@WH GN ]ND^SH

]ndo (L`pfrn, 3555) sn gnfion b`s siduinotns p`rtns iotnrvioinotns;

- @sndur`ghr; b` mhlp``, Notig`g nlishr` gn nst` pbiz`, qun no su mhogimiogn @sndur`ghr, y lngiòtn nb mhcrh gn b` pril`, `suln b` mhcnrtur` gn nstnmhotr`th mho `rrndbh ` b`s mhogimihons p`rtimub`rns y nspnmi`bns gn b` pbiz`.

- @sndur`gh; pnrsho` fsim` shcrn muy` vig` sn nstipub` nb sndurh.

- Whl`ghr; pnrsho` qun susmricn nstn mhotr`th mho nb @sndur`ghr ` quino

mhrrnsphogno bhs gnrnmahs y hcbid`mihons qun sn gnrivno gnb lislh, s`bvh`qunbbhs qun mhrrnsphogò nxprns`lnotn b @sndur`gh y/h Cnonfimi`rih.

@sndur`gh < Whl`ghr @sndur`gh Whl`ghr

Fidur` 3.0. Sinsdh `sndur`gh phr thl`ghrFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi`


9/54


- 7 -

- Cnonfimi`rih; pnrsho` h pnrsho`s ` quino nb Whl`ghr gnb sndurh, h no su m`shnb @sndur`gh, rnmhohmn nb gnrnmah ` pnrmicir no b` muòt` qun mhrrnsphog` bìognloiz`mio gnriv`g` gn nst` pbiz`.

3.3. MHOMNUWH] @]ND^S@GHSN] C]IMH]

U`r` phgnr iotnrprnt`r b`s hpnr`mihons gn sndurhs ns onmns`rih ò`biz`r prnvi`lnotn`bduohs mhomnpths rnb`miho`ghs mho nbb`s;

- Ubiz`

B` pbiz` ns nb ghmulnoth lngiòtn nb mu`b sn pnrfnmmiho` nb mhotr`th gn sndurh y nonb qun sn rnfbnkò b`s ohrl`s qun, mho m`rmtnr dnonr`b, p`rtimub`r h nspnmi`b vò `rndub`r b`s rnb`mihons mhotr`mtu`bns mhovnoig`s notrn nb `sndur`ghr y nb thl`ghr h`sndur`gh sirvinogh gn prunc` gn b` nxistnomi` gnb lislh. B` pbiz` rnmhdn gn fhrl`mb`r` y prnmis` bhs gnrnmahs y hcbid`mihons gn `lc`s p`rtns (M`lphs, 3503).

- Sinsdh

Nb mhomnpth gn rinsdh sn rnsuln no b` phsicibig`g gn uo nvnoth g`hsh. Ido`mih ]inrr`Dib gn b` Munst` bh gnfion mhlh nb g`h qun pungn prhgumirsn y qun sn tr`t` gn mucrir,y ns onmns`rih qun nst prnvisth no nb mhotr`th. Nst` phsicibig`g sn rnfinrn ` uo nvnothfuturh n iominrth; qun sn` futurh nxmbuyn nb m`sh no qun y` a`y` tnoigh bud`r, nb qunsn` iominrth ilpbim` qun nxist` phsicibig`g gn su rn`biz`mio, ùoqun sn` rnlht` (Bnygn Mhotr`th gn ]ndurhs no b` Kurisprugnomi` gnb Wricuo`b ]uprnlh, 355>)

Nb mhotr`th gn sndurh snr oubh, s`bvh no bhs m`shs prnvisths phr b` Bny, si no nblhlnoth gn su mhombusio oh nxist` nb rinsdh h a`c` hmurrigh nb sioinstrh (Bny gnMhotr`th gn ]ndurh >5/0915, 1 gn Hmtucrn).

- ]ioinstrh

Uhr sioinstrh a`y qun notnognr nb `m`nmilinoth gnb anmah prnvisth no nb mhotr`th y qungnsnom`gno` b` hcbid`mio gn iognloiz`r phr p`rtn gnb `sndur`ghr (M`lphs, 3503).

- Uril`

B` pril` ns nb prnmih gnb sndurh qun p`d` nb thl`ghr gnb sndurh `b `sndur`ghr(dnonr`blnotn `b `h y phr òtimip`gh) mhlh mhotr`prnst`mio phr nb rinsdh qun `sulnstn y phr b` hcbid`mio ` b` qun qung` shlntig` gima` notig`g mhosistnotn no nb p`dhgn b` iognloiz`mio qun mhrrnsphog` mhlh mhosnmunomi` gnb sioinstrh (Càibbh, 3559).

]ndo (L`pfrn, 3555) nxistno v`rihs tiphs gn pril`s;`) Uhr su o`tur`bnz`;

- Uril` pur ; prnmih gnb sndurh mhosignr`gh nxmbusiv`lnotn mhlh mhstn gnbrinsdh y sio rnm`rdh `bduoh.

- Uril` gn iovnot`rih; rnsubt` gn sul`r ` b pril` pur` bhs d`sths gn`glioistr`mio.

- Uril` Ont`; sn hctinon gn sul`r, ` b` pril` gn iovnot`rih, bhs d`sthsmhlnrmi`bns.

- Uril` tht`b; sn hctinon gn sul`r, ` b pril` ont`, bhs rnm`rdhs.


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- > -

c) Uhr su fhrl` gn p`dh;

- Uril` oim`; muògh nb sndurh sn p`d` gn uo` shb` vnz, no nb lhlnoth gnfhrl`biz`r nb mhotr`th.

- Uril` pnrigim`; muògh nb mhstn gnb sndurh sn `cho` no sumnsivhs p`dhs ` bhb`rdh gn uo tinlph gntnrlio`gh.

m) Uhr su nvhbumio;

- Uril` o`tur`b; muògh sn p`d` bh mhrrnsphoginotn `b rinsdh mucinrth sndo b`ng`g qun tnod` nb `sndur`gh cihbdim`lnotn.

- Uril` prhlngih; mhrrnsphogn mho b` lngi` gn v`ri`s pril`s o`tur`bns

- W`lcio sn phgr` bb l`r Uril` mhostòtn ` `qunbb`, phr b` mu`b sn p`d`sinlprn b` lisl` mòtig`g guròtn thg` b` vidnomi` gnb mhotr`th, y Uril`mrnminotn ` `qunbb` muyh ilphrtn v` ùlnotògh guròtn nb pnrhgh gn tinlphgn vidnomi` gnb mhotr`th.

Fidur` 3.3. Mb`sifim`mio gn b`s pril`s gn sndurhFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi` ` p`rtir gn L`pfrn (3555, pp. 73)

- Iognloiz`mio

Gnsgn uo puoth gn vist` bnd`b, ns nb ilphrtn qun nst hcbid`gh ` p`d`rmhotr`mtu`blnotn b` notig`g `sndur`ghr` no m`sh gn prhgumirsn uo sioinstrh. Ns, nomhosnmunomi`, b` mhotr`prnst`mio qun mhrrnsphogn `b `sndur`ghr frnotn ` b`hcbid`mio gn p`dh gn pril` qun tinon nb `sndur`gh (M`lphs, 3503).

]ndo (Bny gn Mhotr`th gn ]ndurhs >5/0915, 1 gn Hmtucrn), nb sndurh oh pungn snr

hcknth gn noriqunmilinoth iokusth p`r` nb `sndur`gh.

3.=. NQIDNOMI@] GN B@ BNY

B` `mtivig`g `sndur`ghr` pungn gns`rrhbb`rsn phr notig`gns pcbim`s h priv`g`s(W`pi`, 3507).

B`s notig`gns `sndur`ghrns pcbim`s qun gns`rrhbbno `mtivig`gns `sndur`ghr`sgncnro rn`biz`rb`s no mhogimihons nquiv`bnotns ` b`s notig`gns priv`g`s y qung`roshlntig`s ` b` Bny gn hrgno`mio y supnrvisio gn sndurhs priv`ghs y su ohrl`tiv` gngns`rrhbbh.

MB@]N] GN USIL@]

Uhr su o`tur`bnz` Uhr su fhrl` gn p`dh

oim` Unrigim`

O`tur`b

Urhlngih


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- 6 -

M`cn gifnrnomi`r ghs mb`sns gn notig`gns gn sndurhs priv`g`s; b`s qun `ghptòfhrl`s kurgim`s mhluons ` b`s shming`gns lnrmòtibns, no dnonr`b (shming`gnsòoil`s y mhhpnr`tiv`s gn sndurhs) y b`s qun `ghptò fhrl`s kurgim`s nspnmifim`sgnb snmthr `sndur`ghr (lutu`s gn sndurhs y lutu`big`gns gn prnvisio shmi`b)

3.=.0. O`tur`bnz` kurgim`

- ]hming`gns òoil`s; sho notig`gns gn m`rmtnr lnrmòtib qun gncnomhostituirsn lngiòtn nsmritur` pcbim`, `gquirinogh pnrsho`big`g kurgim` `p`rtir gn su iosmripmio no nb Sndistrh Lnrmòtib. ]u m`r`mtnrstim` fuog`lnot`br`gim` no qun aò gn prhmur`r rntricuir, no fhrl` gn givignoghs, nb m`pit`b`phrt`gh phr sus `mmihoist`s.

]ho m`r`mtnrstim`s priomip`bns gn nst`s notig`gns (M`lphs, 3503)

Mhogimio m`pit`bist`

Snsphos`cibig`g bilit`g` gn bhs shmihs frnotn ` bhs `mrnnghrns

M`pit`b ]hmi`b givigigh no `mmihons.- ]hming`gns lutu`s; oh tinon oilh gn bumrh, phr bh qun, b`s dòòmi`s gn b`

`mtivig`g gncno gnstio`rsn ` lnkhr`r b` shbvnomi` gn b` notig`g y ` nvit`riomrnlnoths futurhs gn pril` (Càibbh, 3559).

Nb hckntivh csimh gn uo` lutu`big`g ns nlionotnlnotn shmi`b (lnkhr snrvimih `bmhstn ls rngumigh phsicbn).

Nxistno ghs tiphs gn shming`gns lutu`s; ` pril` v`ri`cbn y ` pril` fik`. B`sprilnr`s sho `qunbb`s no b`s qun b` lutu` sn fioòmi` mho b`s pril`s p`d`g`s phrbhs shmihs `b fio`b gnb pnrhgh y no fuomio gn bhs sioinstrhs qun a`y` qun mucrir: y,

b`s snduog`s sho `qunbb`s no b`s qun bhs shmihs rnsphogno gn b`s gnug`s gn b`lutu` mho nb ilphrtn gn uo` pril` fik` qun sn p`d` phr òtimip`gh.

- Mhhpnr`tiv`s gn sndurh; sn m`r`mtnrizò phr su f`bt` gn oilh gn bumrh y phr sufio`big`g gn mhcnrtur` ` sus mhhpnr`tivist`s qun gncnro `bmòz`r uo olnrhloilh gn >5. No nbb`s snr iosnp`r`cbn b` mhogimio gn mhhpnr`tivist` y gn`sndur`gh (W`pi`, 3507).

Nxistno ghs tiphs gn shming`gns mhhpnr`tiv`s; ` pril` v`ri`cbn y ` pril`fik`.

- Lutu`big`gns gn prnvisio shmi`b; sho notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s qun nknrmno uo`lhg`big`g `sndur`ghr` gn m`rmtnr vhbuot`rih, mhlpbnlnot`rih `b sistnl` gn

]ndurig`g ]hmi`b hcbid`thrih, lngiòtn `phrt`mihons ` pril` fik` h v`ri`cbn gnbhs lutu`bist`s, h gn htr`s notig`gns h pnrsho`s prhtnmthr`s.

Nstn tiph gn notig`g phgr hthrd`r prnst`mihons shmi`bns sinlprn qun a`yòsigh ùthriz`g`s phr b` Girnmmiho Dnonr`b gn ]ndurhs y Fhoghs gn Unosihons y,qun no thgh lhlnoth, gisphodò gnb fhogh lutu`b loilh (M`lphs, 3503).

3.=.3. Hcknth shmi`b

Nb hcknth shmi`b snr nxmbusiv`lnotn b` prmtim` gn hpnr`mihons rn`biz`g`s no fuomiogn mò`biz`mio gnb àhrrh y b` iovnrsio, y b`s `mtivig`gns gn prnvnomio gn g`hsviomub`g` ` b` `mtivig`g `sndur`ghr` (Càibbh, 3559).

No nstn snotigh, nxistn uo` hcbid`mio gn snp`r`mio notrn nb r`lh gn vig` y bhsr`lhs gistioths gnb gn vig` mhofhrln ` b` mu`b b`s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s ùthriz`g`s


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- 4 -

p`r` hpnr`r no nb r`lh gn vig` gncnro mirmuosmricir su hcknth shmi`b ` b` rn`biz`miogn hpnr`mihons gn gimah r`lh y ` bhs rinsdhs mhlpbnlnot`rihs: linotr`s qun b`snotig`gns `sndur`ghr`s ùthriz`g`s p`r` hpnr`r no uo r`lh gistioth gnb gn vig` ohphgro `c`rm`r no su hcknth shmi`b hpnr`mihons gnb r`lh gn vig` (Anrlig`, 3507).

3.=.=. M`pit`b shmi`b h fhogh lutu`b loilh

U`r` m`g` tiph gn notig`g `sndur`ghr` sn nst`cbnmn uo m`pit`b shmi`b h fuogh lutu`bloilh, mhlcioògh bhs mritnrihs gnb r`lh h r`lhs no bhs qun `mt` y gnb tiph gn`mtu`mio qun gns`rrhbb`; Anrlig` (3507).

S`lh Nurhs

Vig`, mùmio, mrgith y mu`bquinr` gn bhs qun mucr` nb rinsdhgn rnsphos`cibig`g mivib y `mtivig`g rn`sndur`ghr`.

9.50>.010,>4

@mmignotns, nofnrlng`g, gnfnos` kurgim`, `sistnomi` ygnmnshs.

3.05=.>73,=4

Snstòtns r`lhs =.55>.565,>3

W`cb` 3.0. M`pit`b shmi`b phr r`lh gn sndurhFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi` ` p`rtir gn Càibbh (3507, pp. 0=9)

Gimahs m`pit`bns gncnro nst`r tht`blnotn susmriths y gnsnlchbs`ghs mhlh loilh nouo >5%.

3.7. B@ GISNMMIHO DNONS@B GN ]ND^SH] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON]

Nb Sn`b Gnmrnth 0>>3/3557, gnb 3> gn kuoih gns`rrhbb` b` nstrumtur` hrdoim` csim` gnb

Lioistnrih gn Nmhohl` y A`minog`. B` Girnmmio Dnonr`b gn ]ndurhs tinon `sido`ghnb gnsnlpnh gn b`s fuomihons qun b`s gisphsimihons vidnotns `tricuyno `b Lioistnrihgn Nmhohl` y A`minog` no l`tnri` gn sndurhs y rn`sndurhs priv`ghs, lngi`mio nosndurhs, m`pit`biz`mio y fhoghs gn pnosihons. No p`rtimub`r, bn mhrrnsphogno b`ssiduinotns (Càibbh, 3559: M`lphs, 3503);

- Mhotrhb`r nb mulpbilinoth gn bhs rnquisiths onmns`rihs p`r` `mmngnr y `lpbi`rb` `mtivig`g `sndur`ghr` priv`g`, supnrvis r nb nknrmimih gn st`s y mhotrhb`r bhsrnquisiths nxidicbns ` bhs `glioistr`ghrns y shmihs gn b`s notig`gns qunrn`bizò gima` `mtivig`g y ` b`s gnls pnrsho`s fsim`s y kurgim`s.

- Mhotrhb`s b`s fusihons, `drup`mihons, mnsihons gn m`rtnr`, tròsfhrl`mihons,

nsmisihons y htr`s hpnr`mihons notrn notig`gns.

- Nb mhotrhb prnvih p`r` nb `mmnsh ` b` `mtivig`g gn lngi`mio no sndurhs.

- Mhotrhb`r nb mulpbilinoth gn bhs rnquisiths prnmishs p`r` nb `mmnsh ` b``mtivig`g phr notig`gns dnsthr`s gn fhoghs gn pnosihons, b` supnrvisiohrgio`ri` gn su nknrmimih, `s mhlh gn bhs rnquisiths qun aò gn mulpbir bhspbòns y fhoghs gn pnosihons

- @o`biz`r b` ghmulnot`mio qun gncno rnlitir b`s `sndur`ghr`s p`r` f`mibit`r nbmhotrhb gn su shbvnomi`.

- Sn`biz`r nstugihs shcrn bhs snmthrns gn sndurhs y pbòns y fhoghs gnpnosihons, `s mhlh mhhrgio`r b`s rnb`mihons mho b` ôio Nurhpn`, mho htrhs


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Nst`ghs y mho hrdòislhs iotnro`miho`bns, gn `munrgh mho nb Lioistnrih gn@suoths Nxtnrihrns y gn Mhhpnr`mio.

- ]hphrtn`glioistr`tivh y tmoimh `b Mhlisiho`gh p`r` b` gnfnos` gnb `sndur`ghy gnb p`rtmipn no pbòns gn pnosihons no nb nknrmimih gn b`s fuomihons qun tinonnomhlnog`g`s, `s mhlh gns`rrhbb`r b`s fuomihons qun bn `tricuyn b` ohrl`tiv`

shcrn prhtnmmio gn bhs mbinotns gn snrvimihs fioòminrhs.- Mhotnst`r ` b`s mhosubt`s fhrlub`g`s no l`tnri` gn sndurhs.

3.>. NB MHO]HSMIH GN MHLUNO]@MIHO GN ]ND^SH]

Nb Mhoshrmih gn Mhlpnos`mio gn ]ndurhs ns uo` iostitumio gn mhlpbnlnoth `bsnmthr `sndur`ghr priv`gh, shcrn b`s c`sns gn tròsp`rnomi` y gn oh mhlpntnomi`,gns`rrhbbògh fuomihons pur`lnotn `sndur`ghr`s, y t`lcio htr`s oh nstrimt`lnotn`sndur`ghr`s pnrh girnmt`lnotn viomub`g`s, mhlh b` prnvnomio gn rinsdhs h b``mtivig`g gn biquig`mio gn notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s, no cnonfimih gnb mhbnmtivh gn`sndur`ghs (L`mantti, 3556).

Ns uo` notig`g pcbim` nlprns`ri`b, `gsmrit` `b Lioistnrih gn Nmhohl` y a`minog`,` tr`vs gn b` Girnmmio Dnonr`b gn ]ndurhs y Fhoghs gn Unosihons, mho pnrsho`big`gkurgim` prhpi y pbno` m`p`mig`g gn hcr r; M`lphs (3503).

]n m`r`mtnriz` phr bh siduinotn;

- Oh mhlpitn no nb lnrm`gh priv`gh gn sndurhs mho b`s notig`gns `sndur`ghr`s

- Nknrmn uo` fuomio mhlpbnlnot`ri` rnspnmth gn st`s y p`r` st`s.

- M`rnomi` gn oilh gn bumrh

- Hrinot`mio gn snrvimih `b snmthr `sndur`ghr, gn prhlhmio gnb `sndur`linothy gn fhlnoth gn b` `mtivig`g prnvnotiv`.


14/54


- 9 -

M@UW^BH =

MB@]N] GN USHG^MWH] GN ]ND^SH]

No ounstrh Hrgno`linoth mhovivno ghs mb`sifim`mihons gn bhs sndurhs qun nstogispunst`s no gistiot`s ohrl`s bnd`bns, `tinogno ` gistioths mritnrihs y tinono nfnmthsv`ri`ghs.

Fidur` =.0. Mb`sifim`mio gn sndurhsFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi`

B`s mb`sns gn sndurhs sho, gnsgn nb puoth gn vist` gn b` rndub`mio, nb sndurhl`rtilh, nb `rnh y nb sndurh tnrrnstrn, nb mu`b sn gistiodun no sndurhs gn g`hs ysndurhs gn pnrsho`s, gistiomio rnmhdig` no b` Bny gn Mhotr`th gn ]ndurhs, qunrndub` snp`r`g`lnotn bhs gn g`hs y bhs gn pnrsho`s; B`mruz (350=).

Bhs sndurhs gn g`hs, ` su vnz, sn gistioduno no sndurhs gn iotnrnsns shcrn b`smhs`s y sndurhs gn iotnrs shcrn gnrnmahs h p`trilhoih. Uhr htrh b`gh, bhs sndurhs gnpnrsho`s sn sucgivigno no ghs druphs; nb gnb sndurh shcrn rinsdhs shcrn b` vig` y nb

gnb rinsdh shcrn b` iotndrig`g fsim`=.0. ]ND^SH] MHOWS@ G@H]

]ndo (W`pi`, 3507) bhs sndurhs mhotr` g`hs sn m`r`mtnrizò phr prhmur`r uo`mhomrnt` mhcnrtur` gn b` onmnsig`g nmholim` qun prhguzm` nb sioinstrh y `bmòz`r `sb` iognloiz`mio nfnmtiv` gnb g`h prhgumigh.

B` prnst`mio gnb `sndur`ghr vnogr g`gh gntnrlio`g` phr b` muòt` prnmis` gnbg`h, phr bh qun, ns ilphrtòtn, b` prunc` oh sbh gn b` hmurrnomi` gnb g`h sioh b`v`bhr`mio gn bhs g`hs mùs`ghs phr nb sioinstrh.

Sidn no nstn tiph gn sndurhs nb priomipih iognloiz`thrih h gn prnvnomio gnbnoriqunmilinoth iokusth mhlnot`gh gnotrh gnb suc`p`rt`gh 3.3.

MB@]N] GN]ND^SH]

]ND O O^LNSH GN@]ND^S@GH]

]ND O BICNSW@G GNMHOWS@W@MIHO

]ND O IOMB^Y@ OH HV@SIH] SIN]DH]

IOGIVIG^@B MHBNMWIVH HCBID@WHSIH VHBÔW@SIH

]ILUBN MHLCIO@GH

]NDO ]N A@BBNO @ M@SDHGNB N]W@GH H GN B@

@MWIVIG@G @]ND^S@GHS@

]HMI@BN] USIV@GH]

UHS S@LH]

VIG@ OH VIG@


15/54


- 05 -

Fidur` =.3. ]ndurhs mhotr` g`hsFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi`

=.0.0. Gisphsimihons dnonr`bns

]ndo (Bny gn mhotr`th gn sndurhs, 1 gn hmtucrn), p`r` gntnrlio`r nb g`h sn`tnognr `b v`bhr gnb iotnrs `sndur`gh no nb lhlnoth iolngi`t`lnotn òtnrihr ` b`

rn`biz`mio gnb sioinstrh. B`s p`rtns, gn mhlo `munrgh, phgro fik`r no b` pbiz` h mhophstnrihrig`g ` b` mnbncr`mio gnb mhotr`th nb v`bhr gnb iotnrs `sndur`gh qun a`cr gntnonrsn no munot` p`r` nb mbmubh gn b` iognloiz`mio.

Nb `sndur`ghr oim`lnotn phgr ilpudo`r nb v`bhr nstil`gh muògh su `mnpt`mioa`y` sigh prnst`g` phr vihbnomi`, iotilig`mio h ghbh, h muògh phr nrrhr b` nstil`miosn` oht`cbnlnotn supnrihr `b v`b`r rn`b, mhrrnsphoginotn `b lhlnoth gnb `m`nmilinothgnb sioinstrh, fik`gh pnrimi`blnotn.

=.0.3. ]ndurh gn iomnogihs

Nb mhomnpth bnd`b gn iomnogih mhlprnogn nb `cr`s`linoth mho bb`l` y b` mhlcustio,

m`p`z gn prhp`d`rsn gn uo hcknth u hcknths qun oh nst`cò gnstio`ghs ` snrqunl`ghs no nb bud`r y lhlnoth no qun sn prhgumn. Nb iomnogih gncn a`cnrsnhridio`gh phr mùs` fhrtuit`, l`bqunrnomi` gn nxtr`hs h ondbidnomi` prhpi` gnb`sndur`, pnrh oh phr ghbh h mubp` dr`vn gnb `sndur`gh (C`t`bbnr nt `b., 3503).

Nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid`, gnotrh gn bhs blitns nst`cbnmighs no b` Bny y no nbmhotr`th, ` iognloiz`r bhs g`hs prhgumighs phr iomnogih no nb hcknth `sndur`gh. ]umhcnrtur` sn nxtnognr ` bhs hcknths gnsmriths no b` pbiz` (W`pi`, 3507).

]ndo (Càibbh, 3559) b` gnstrummio h gntnrihrh gn bhs hcknths `sndur`ghs funr`gnb bud`r gnsmrith no b` pbiz` nxmbuir b` iognloiz`mio gnb `sndur`ghr, ` lnohs qunsu tr`sb`gh h m`lcih bn aucinrn sigh prnvi`lnotn mhluoim`gh phr nsmrith.

=.0.=. ]ndurh mhotr` nb rhch

B` mhcnrtur` gnb sndurh mhotr` rhch mhlprnogn nb g`h mùs`gh phr b` mhlisio gnbgnbith no mu`bquinr` gn sus fhrl`s. Nstn mhomnpth gn rhch gncn notnognrsn no snotigh`lpbih qun `c`rqun oh shbh nb gnbith gn rhch no snotigh nstrimth sioh t`lcio nb aurth uhtr`s fhrl`s gn sustr`mmio, gn lònr` t`b qun a`cr qun `tnognr ` bh nst`cbnmigh nob` pbiz` (W`pi`, 3507).

]ndo (Càibbh, 3559) nb `sndur`ghr, s`bvh p`mth no mhotr`rih oh vnogr hcbid`gh `rnp`r`r bhs nfnmths gnb sioinstrh muògh stn sn a`y` prhgumigh phr mu`bquinr` gn b`ssiduinotns mùs`s;

- Urilnr`; Uhr ondbidnomi` dr`vn gnb `sndur`gh, gnb thl`ghr gnb sndurh h gn b`spnrsho`s qun gn nbbhs gnpnogò h mho nbbhs mhovivò.

]ND^SH] MHOWS@G@H]

]HCSN B@] MH]@]

]HCSN U@WSILHOIH]

]ndurh gn iomnogih ]ndurh mhotr` nb rhch

]ndurh gn tròsphrtns

tnrrnstrns


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- ]nduog`; Muògh nb hcknth `sndur`gh ns sustr`gh funr` gnb bud`r gnsmrith no b`pbiz` h mho hm`sio gn su tròsphrtn, ` oh snr qun uo` u htr`s mirmuostòmi`saucinrò sigh nxprns`lnotn mhosnotig`s phr nb `sndur`ghr.

- Wnrmnr`; Muògh b` sustr`mmio sn prhguzm` mho hm`sio gn sioinstrhs muyìognloiz`mio mhrrnsphog` `b Mhoshrmih gn Mhlpnos`mio gn ]ndurhs.

=.0.7. ]ndurh gn tròsphrtn tnrrnstrn

No nst` mb`sn gn sndurhnb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid` gnotrh gn bhs blitns nst`cbnmighs phrb` Bny y no nb mhotr`th ` iognloiz`r bhs g`hs l`tnri`bns qun pungò sufrir mhohm`sio h mhosnmunomi` gnb tròsphrtn b`s lnrmòm`s phrtn`g`s, nb lngih utibiz`gh uhtrhs hcknths `sndur`ghs (Sn`b Gnmrnth Bndisb`tivh >5/0915, 1 gn Hmtucrn).

Uhgro mhotr`t`r nstn sndurh thghs bhs qun tnodò iotnrs no b` mhosnrv`mio gnb`s lnrmòm`s. Uungn mhotr`t`rsn phr vi`kn h phr uo tinlph gntnrlio`gh. Nomu`bquinr m`sh, nb `sndur`ghr iognloiz`r, gn `munrgh mho bh mhovnoigh no nb mhotr`thgn sndurh bhs g`hs qun snò mhosnmunomi` gn sioinstrhs `m`nmighs guròtn nb pb`zh

gn vidnomi` gnb mhotr`th; Càibbh (3559)B` mhcnrtur` gnb sndurh nlpinz` muògh sn notrnd` b` lnrmòm` `b phrtn`ghr

p`r` su tròsphrtn no nb puoth gn p`rtig` gnb vi`kn `sndur`gh, y tnrlio`r muògh snnotrndun `b gnstio`t`rih no nb puoth gn gnstioh, sinlprn qun b` notrnd` sn rn`bimngnotrh gnb pb`zh prnvisth no b` pbiz`; W`pi` (3507).

=.0.>. ]ndurh gn bumrh mnsòtn

Uhr nb sndurh gn bumrh mnsòtn nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid` ` iognloiz`r `b `sndur`gh b`prgig` gnb rnogilinoth nmholimh qun aucinr` phgigh `bmòz`rsn no uo `mth h`mtivig`g gn oh a`cnrsn prhgumigh nb sioinstrh gnsmrith no nb mhotr`th (Sn`b Gnmrnth

Bndisb`tivh >5/0915, 1 gn hmtucrn).Nxistn bumrh mnsòtn tòth si nb qun sufrn b` pnrgig` gn b`s dòòmi`s futur`s ns nb

`sndur`gh mhlh si ns uo tnrmnrh, `b qun gncn iognloiz`r nb `sndur`gh (C`t`bbnr nt `b.,3503).

=.0.6. ]ndurhs gn mrgith y gn mùmio

Bhs sndurhs gn mrgith y gn mùmio sn nx`lioò gn lònr` mhokuot` phrqunmhlp`rtno uo` lisl` rnb`mio gn mrgith qun viomub` ` uo `mrnnghr y ` uo gnughr.

No nb sndurh gn mrgith, nb `mrnnghr ns titub`r gnb iotnrs `sndur`gh y `ghpt` b`

ghcbn phsimio gn thl`ghr y `sndur`gh: linotr`s qun no nb sndurh gn mùmio, ns nbgnughr quino `p`rnmn mhlh thl`ghr gn sndurh (C`t`bbnr nt `b., 3503).

- Uhr nb sndurh gn mùmio nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid` ` iognloiz`r `b `sndur`gh `titubh gn rns`rmilinoth h pno`big`g bhs g`hs p`trilhoi`bns sufrighs.

- Uhr nb sndurh gn mrgith nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid` ` iognloiz`r `b `sndur`gh b sprgig`s fio`bns qun nxpnrilnotn ` mhosnmunomi` gn b` ioshbvnomi` gnfioitiv` gnsus gnughr`s.

=.0.4. ]ndurh gn Snsphos`cibig`g Mivib

B` rnsphos`cibig`g mivib ns b` hcbid`mio qun nb hrgno`linoth l`rm` ` uo` pnrsho`p`r` rnp`r`r bhs `hs n iognloiz`r bhs pnrkuimihs nmholimhs qun bn a`y` prhgumigh `


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htr` pnrsho` h ` sus cinons mhlh mhosnmunomi` gn uo` `mmio u hlisio, prhpi` h gntnrmnrh shcrn nb qun nxist` hcbid`mio gn rnsphognr, no qun iotnrvnod` mubp` hondbidnomi` (M`lphs, 3503)

Nb sndurh gn rnsphos`cibig`g mivib tinon, phr rndb` dnonr`b, m`rmtnr vhbuot`rih, siopnrkuimih gn qun rnsubtn hcbid`thrih p`r` nb nknrmimih gn b`s `mtivig`gns qun gntnrlion nbDhcinroh (W`pi`, 3507).

=.3. ]ND^SH] UNS]HO@BN]

B` m`r`mtnrstim` mhlo no nst` mb`sn gn sndurhs mhosistn no mucrir bhs rinsdhs qunpungò `fnmt`r ` b` nxistnomi`, iotndrig`g mhrphr`b h s`bug gnb `sndur`gh; W`pi`(3507).

]ndo (L`pfrn, 3555), bhs sndurhs gn pnrsho`s sn givigno no trns r`lhs;

- S`lh gn vig`; mucrno b` vig` prhpi` h b` gn uo tnrmnrh, tòth p`r` m`sh gnf`bbnmilinoth, mhlh p`r` m`sh gn vig` h `lchs mhokuot`lnotn.

- S`lh gn `mmignotns; mucrno b` bnsio mhrphr`b h b` lunrtn qun pung` sufrir nb`sndur`gh mhlh mhosnmunomi` gn uo `mmignotn.

- S`lh gn nofnrlng`g; sho `qunbbhs qun prhtndno b` s`bug gnb `sndur`gh, cinornp`roghb` lngiòtn `mths lgimhs, cino iognloizògh nmholim`lnotn bìlphsicibig`g b`chr`b phr nb prnm`rih gn `qubb`.

Bhs sndurhs pnrsho`bns sn m`r`mtnrizò phrqun prhphrmihoò uo` mhcnrtur``cstr`mt` gn onmnsig`g, puns oh sn `kust` b` prnst`mio h sul` `sndur`gòhrl`blnotn mho nb pnrkuimih nmholimh rn`b sufrigh phr nb `sndur`gh, s`bvh no bhs

sndurhs qun mucrno bhs d`sths gn `sistnomi` sòit`ri`; M`lphs, 3503).=.3.0. ]ndurh shcrn b` vig`

Ns ilphrtòtn gnst`m`r b` givisio qun nxistn gnotrh gnb r`lh gn vig`, y` qun pungnmucrir nb rinsdh gn f`bbnmnr qun tinon thg` pnrsho`, gn mhostituir uo m`pit`b p`r` nb`sndur`gh si stn vivn h gn mhlcio`r `lc`s onmnsig`gns.

Fidur` =.=. Givisio sndurhs gn vig`Funotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi`

Uhr nb sndurh gn vig` nb `sndur`ghr sn hcbid`, lngiòtn nb mhcrh gn b` pril`nstipub`g`, ` s`tisf`mnr `b cnonfimi`rih uo m`pit`b, uo` rnot` u htr`s prnst`mihonsmhovnoig`s, no nb m`sh gn lunrtn h cino gn supnrvivnomi` gnb `sndur`gh, h gn `lchsnvnoths mhokuot`lnotn(Bny >5/0915, 1 gn hmtucrn).

Nb sndurh lixth ns uo sndurh gn m`pit`b no m`sh gn f`bbnmilinoth y uo sndurh no nb

qun ` vnomilinoth sn p`d` nb m`pit`b `b `sndur`gh si vivn no b` fnma` h ` b` ng`gp`mt`g` (M`lphs, 3503).

]ND^SH GN VIG@

SIN]DH

@AHSSH

LIQWH] SIN]DH-@AHSSH


18/54


- 0= -

Nb sndurh gn vig` ns `qub qun d`ròtiz` nb p`dh gn uo m`pit`b h uo` rnot`, no susrnspnmtivhs vnomilinoths, `b cnonfimi`rih bicrnlnotn gnsido`gh no m`sh gn susupnrvivnomi` ` uo` gntnrlio`g` ng`g.

Bhs mhotr`ths gn sndurh gn àhrrh sho `qubbhs no bhs qun, lngiòtn `phrt`mihonssistnltim`s, sn pnrsidun b` mhostitumio gn uo p`trilhoih mho gur`mio prnfik`g`, bhsmu`bns sn `drupò c`kh nb mhomnpth gn iovnrsio (L`pfrn, 3555).

=.3.3. ]ndurh gn `mmignotns

]io pnrkuimih gn b` gnbilit`mio gnb rinsdh qun b`s p`rtns nfnmtno no nb mhotr`th, snnotinogn phr `mmignotn b` bnsio mhrphr`b qun gnriv` gn uo` mùs` vihbnot` scit`,nxtnro` y `kno` ` b` iotnomiho`big`g gnb `sndur`gh, qun prhguzm` iov`bignz tnlphr`b hpnrlònotn h lunrtn (Bny gn mhotr`th gn sndurh >5/0915, 1 gn hmtucrn).

Nb sndurh gn `mmignotns tinon mhlh fuomio fuog`lnot`b rns`rmir ` bhscnonfimi`rihs, sndo nb m`sh, gn b`s mhosnmunomi`s nmholim`s qun thgh `mmignotnmhlphrt`. Uhr nbbh, sn iombuyn mhlh uo sndurh gn pnrsho`s, pnrh nofhm`gh ` b`

iognloiz`mio y oh ` b` prnvisio (M`lphs, 3503).

=.3.=. ]ndurh gn nofnrlng`g y `sistnomi` sòit`ri`

B` `sndur`ghr` sn mhlprhlntn ` f`mibit`r `b `sndur`gh b` mhcnrtur` nmholim` qun bnsuphodò bhs snrvimihs y `tnomio lngim` qun prnmisn `s mhlh quirrdim` y `tnomioahspit`b`ri` qun prhmng` no thg` mb`sn gn nofnrlng`gns h bnsihons qun sn nomunotrnomhlprnogig`s no nb bist`gh gn prnst`mihons sòit`ri`s mucinrt`s no m`g` m`sh(M`lphs, 3503).

Nstn tiph gn sndurhs ns `sistnomi`b y, phr bh tòth, no oiodo m`sh pungnomhomngnrsn iognloiz`mihons nmholim`s hpt`tiv`s p`r` sustituir b` prnst`mio gn bhs

snrvimihs.

=.=. ]ND^SH] MHLCIO@GH] H L^BWISSIN]DH

Bhs sndurhs lubtirrinsdh sho uo` lhg`big`g gn mhotr`th gn sndurh no bhs qun sn aòrnuoigh b`s d`ròt`s gn gistiot`s pbiz`s, prhmngnotns gn bhs gifnrnotns r`lhstr`gimihons, mucrinogh givnrshs rinsdhs no uo oimh ghmulnoth mhotr`mtu`b, no uo`shb` pbiz` y, phr tòth, mho uo` oim` pril`. Uhr su prhpi` nstrumtur` t`lcio rnmicnnb ohlcrn gn sndurh mhlcio`gh (M`lphs, 3503).

Nb lhtivh phr nb qun surdinrho nsths sndurhs ns qun no lumahs m`shs, uo`pnrsho` h uo` nlprns` tno` qun susmricir v`ri`s pbiz`s p`r` `sndur`r uo lislhrinsdh, mho bhs iomhovnoinotns qun nsth mhobbnv` (Càibbh, 3559).

Bhs sndurhs lubtirrinsdh sho prhgumths `g`pt`ghs ` b`s onmnsig`gns gnbmhosulighr.


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VNOW@K@] GNB L^BWISSIN]DH

@]ND^S@GH @]ND^S@GHS

- ]n mucrno b` l`yhr p`rtn gn susonmnsig`gns gn prhtnmmio no b`lisl` pbiz`, mho bh qun rnsubt`ls fmib gn iotnrprnt`r y notnognrnb mhokuoth gn d`ròt`s.

- Nb sistnl` gn t`rif`s ns lssilpbn, b`s pril`s sunbno snr lsnmholim`s g`gh qun sn tr`t` gnrinsdhs ahlhdonhs y mhom`r`mtnrstim`s mhluons. B` pril`tht`b gn lubtirrinsdh ns lnohr qunb` sul` gn bhs pril`s gn bhs

gistioths rinsdhs, si sths sn`sndur`sno phr pbiz`s snp`r`g`s.

- Unrlitn nstòg`riz`r b` susmripmio,nlisio, snduilinoth y nb mhotrhbgn b`s pbiz`s. Ns gnmir, suphonuo` rngummio gn bhs mhstns gndnstio p`r` b`s notig`gns`sndur`ghr`s, bh qun rnpnrmutngirnmt` y f`vhr`cbnlnotn shcrn bhsmhosulighrns `b `c`r`t`r nb sndurhy a`mnr gn b uo prhgumth`snquicbn.

W`cb` =.0. ; B`s vnot`k`s gnb lubtirrinsdh h sndurhs mhlcio`ghsFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi` ` p`rtir gn Càibbh (3559, pp.049)

B`s pbiz`s lubtirrinsdh ls mhohmig`s sho;

- Lubtirrinsdh gn ahd`r; tinon phr hcknth prhphrmiho`r uo` sndurig`g fioòminr` `bioquibioh h prhpint`rih òtn b`s mhosnmunomi`s nmholim`s qun pungògnriv`rsn gn uo g`h qun `fnmtn ` sus cinons h gn b`s rnsphos`cibig`gns mivibns

qun bn pungò iomulcir (M`lphs, 3503).

- Lubtirrinsdh gn mhluoig`gns gn prhpint`rihs; nst rnfnrigh ` ioluncbns hngifimihs, dnonr`blnotn no rdilno gn mhluoig`g gn prhpint`rihs.

- Lubtirrinsdh gn mhlnrmih y hfimio`s; su priomip`b fio`big`g ns d`ròtiz r b`mhotiouig`g gnb ondhmih ùoqun `mhotnzm` uo sioinstrh.

- Lubtirrinsdh gn iogustri`s; vò giridighs fuog`lnot`blnotn ` snmthrnsnspnmfimhs qun prnsnotò sul`s `sndur`g`s nbnv`g`s y ` nst`cbnmilinothsghogn sn rn`biz` `bdo tiph gn `mtivig`g iogustri`b h `bl`mno`linoths gnnbnv`g` sul` `sndur`g` y qun nsto shlntighs ` uo mhokuoth mhlo gn

rinsdhs.


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M@UIW^BH 7

UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON]

]ndo (M`lphs, 3503) bhs pbòns gn pnosihons gnfiono no sus rndb`lnoths nbgnrnmah gn b`s pnrsho`s fsim`s ` muyh f`vhr sn mhostituyno ` pnrmicir rnot`s hm`pit`bns phr kucib`mio, t`bns mhlh iov`bignz pnrlònotn, `gnls gnb f`bbnmilinoth ygn b` drò gnpnognomi` u htr`s mhotiodnomi`s mhlh b` nofnrlng`g dr`vn h gnsnlpbnhgn b`rd` gur`mio. M`g` pbò gn pnosihons ns uo lhgnbh gn prnvisio no s lislh,ghogn sn nst`cbnmn quio bh prhlunvn, p`r` quio bh prhlunvn, mlh bh fioòmi`, quns bh qun sn d`ròtiz`, quio bh dnstiho` y mlh bh mhotrhb`.

Nb mbinotn sn mhlprhlntn ` rn`biz`r uohs p`dhs pnrigimhs ` uo` notig`g`sndur`ghr` mho nb fio gn mhostituir uo m`pit`b ` b`rdh pb`zh, qun sbh phgr rnmupnr`rno nb lhlnoth no qun fio`bimn su vig` b`chr`b `mtiv` (Càibbh, 3559).

Nb m`pit`b ` rnmupnr`r no nb lhlnoth gn b` kucib`mio snr nb v`bhr fio`b gn thg`s b`s`phrt`mihons rn`biz`g`s, v`bhr`g`s no nsn lhlnoth `b tòth `b qun sn a`y`rnv`bhriz`gh nb pbò. Oh hcstòtn, nb `sndur`ghr oh pungn d`ròtiz`r b` rnv`bhriz`miognb pbò gn pnosihons, qun gnpnognr gn b` dnstio rn`biz`g`.

U`r` g`r mulpbilinoth `b pbò a`y qun mhostituir uo p`trilhoih gnohlio`gh fhoghsgn pnosihons, fhrl`gh phr b`s `phrt`mihons gn bhs p`rtimipns qun iotndrò nb pbò, mhonb fio gn mhlpr`r v`bhrns no lnkhrns mhogimihons gn b`s qun phgr` hctnonr uo iovnrshrp`rtimub`r.

Bhs pbòns gn pnosihons sn mhostituyno vhbuot`ri`lnotn, gn lònr` qun susprnst`mihons tinono m`rmtnr priv`gh y ouom` sho sustitutiv`s gn b`s gnb rdilno gn b`]ndurig`g ]hmi`b (M`lphs, 3503).

M`g` fhogh pungn iotndr`r v`rihs pbòns gn pnosihons y gncnr nst`r iovnrtighsiduinogh bhs mritnrihs gn sndurig`g, rnot`cibig`g, givnrsifim`mio y mhodrunomi` gnpb`zhs.

Dnonr`blnotn, bhs fhoghs gn pnosihons sunbno iovnrtir no; gnug` gnb Nst`gh yMhluoig`gns @utohl`s, htrhs v`bhrns gn rnot` fik`, p`d`rs gn nlprns`, ttubhs gnlnrm`gh aiphtnm`rih, mmihons y fhoghs gn iovnrsio.

5

>

05

0>

35

3>

=5

Wnsh

rnr`

Htr

hs@mtiv

hs

Mrtnr`nxtn

rihr

Htr

siovn

rsih

ons

Snot fik

priv

g`

Snot fik

v

ri`cb

n

Snot fik

pcbim

`

Iovnrsihons

Fidur` 7.0.; Mhlphsimio gn b` m`rtnr` gn bhs fhoghs gn pnosihonsFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi` ` p`rtir gn Càibbh (3559, pp.093)


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7.0. LHG@BIG@GN] Y USIOMIUIH] C]IMH] GN UB@ON] GN UNO]IHON]

]n nst`cbnmno gistiot`s lhg`big`gns gn pbòns gn pnosihons, no fuomio gn bhs suknthsqun mhostituyno bhs pbòns y b`s hcbid`mihons nstipub`g`s.

B` Bny gn Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons nst`cbnmn miomh priomipihs fuog`lnot`bns

phr bhs qun sn gncn rndir uo pbò gn pnosihons; oh gismrilio`mio, m`pit`biz`mio,irrnvhm`cibig`g gn b`s `phrt`mihons, `tricumio gn gnrnmahs n iotndr`mio hcbid`thri`(M`lphs, 3503: Càibbh, 3559: L`pfrn, 3555).

7.0.0. Lhg`big`gns gn Ubòns gn Unosihons

No r`zo gn bhs suknths qun mhostituyno bhs pbòns sn gistioduno trns lhg`big`gnsphsicbns;

- Ubòns gn sistnl` gn nlpbnh; b` nlprns` mrn` uo pbò giridigh ` susnlpbn`ghs p`r` b`s mhotiodnomi`s gn kucib`mio, iov`bignz y f`bbnmilinoth. Nonst` lhg`big`g pungno rn`biz`r `phrt`mihons tòth b` nlprns` mhlh nb

tr`c`k`ghr (L`pfrn, 3555).- Ubòns gn sistnl` `shmi gh; pbòns nom`lio`ghs ` `drup`r mhbnmtivhs oh

nlprns`ri`bns, t`bns mhlh siogim`ths, drnlihs y `shmi`mihons. ]us p`rtmipnssho `shmi`ghs h `fibi`ghs y sbh nbbhs phgro `phrt`r.

- Ubòns gn sistnl` iogivigu`b; mhrrnsphogn ` pbòns muyh prhlhthr shonotig`gns `sndur`ghr`s y muyhs p`rtmipns sho mu`bquinr pnrsho` fsim`, qunrn`bimn `phrt`mihons pnrigim`s (M`lphs, 3503).

7.0.3. Uriomipihs csimhs gn bhs Ubòns gn Unosihons

]ndo (M`lphs, 3503: Càibbh, 3559: L`pfrn, 3555);

0. Oh gismrilio`mio

Mu`bquinr pnrsho` fsim` qun rno` bhs rnquisiths onmns`rihs p`r` b` mhotr`t`miognb pbò, tinon d`ròtiz`gh nb `mmnsh mhlh p`rtmipn gnb lislh.

3. M`pit`biz`mio

Bhs pbòns gn pnosihons sn c`sò no sistnl`s fioòminrhs y `mtu`ri`bns gnm`pit`biz`mio, `b mhotr`rih gn bh qun sumngn mho b` ]ndurig`g ]hmi`b qun sn c`s`no uo sistnl` gn rnp`rth.

=. Uriomipih gn irrnvhm`cibig`g gn b`s phrt`mihons

B`s `phrt`mihons gn bhs p`rtmipns sho irrnvhm`cbns, ns gnmir, uo` vnz rn`biz`g` b``phrt`mio, st` oh pungn snr rntir`g` a`st` qun sn prhguzm` b` mhotiodnomi`hcknth gnb mhotr`th.

7. Uriomipih gn `tricumio gn gnrnmahs

B`s `phrt`mihons gn bhs p`rtmipns ` bhs pbòns gn pnosihons gntnrlioò uohsgnrnmahs nmholimhs mhoshbig`ghs, mhostituighs phr ns`s `phrt`mihons y bhsrnogilinoths dnonr`ghs phr st`s.

>. Uriomipih gn iotndr`mio hcbid`thri`

Whg`s b`s `phrt`mihons rn`biz`g`s sn iotndrò hcbid`thri`lnotn no uo Fhogh gnpnosihons. Uhr nbbh oh pungn nxistir pbò gn pnosihons sio fhogh gn pnosihons.


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- 04 -

7.3. ]ÛNSVI]IHO Y MHOWSHB GN BH] UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON]

Whghs bhs pbòns y fhoghs gn pnosihons nst`ro supnrvis`ghs phr b` GirnmmioDnonr`b gn ]ndurhs y pbòns gn pnosihons (M`lphs, 3503).

B` Bny gn Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons 1/14 d`ròtiz` ` bhs p`rtmipns uo`sndurig`g prmtim`lnotn ibilit`g`, gncigh ` b` nxistnomi` gn mhotrhbns iotnrohs ynxtnrohs luy nstrimths shcrn b` dnstio y fuomiho`linoth gnb fhogh, y t`lcio ` b`prhpi` nstrumtur` gnb fhogh. Unrh, `gnls, b` @glioistr`mio Uucbim` rndub` b`mhot`cibig`g gn bhs fhoghs, b` tròsp`rnomi` mhot`cbn fioòminr` y bhs mritnrihs gnv`bhr`mio gn bhs mtivhs p`trilhoi`bns.

@gnls, nb fuomiho`linoth y nknmumio gn bhs pbòns gn pnosihons gn b`lhg`big`g gn nlpbnh y `shmi`ghs gncnro snr supnrvis`ghs phr uo` mhlisio gnmhotrhb gnb pbò gn pnosihons.

Gima` mhlisio nst`r fhrl`g` phr nb >5% gn rnprnsnotòtns gnb prhlhthr y, phr nbhtrh >5% gn bhs p`rtmipns y cnonfimi`rihs, gn fhrl` qun sn d`ròtimn b` prnsnomi` gnthghs bhs iotnrnsns.

B` supnrvisio p`rtimub`r gn bhs pbòns gn pnosihons gnb sistnl` iogivigu`b rnm`nrshcrn b` fidur` gnb gnfnoshr gnb p`rtmipn.

7.=. MHOWIODNOMI@] ]^]MNUWICBN] GN MHCNSW^S@

B`s prnst`mihons mhosistno no nb rnmhohmilinoth gn uo gnrnmah nmholimh ` f`vhr gnbhs cnonfimi`rihs gn uo pbò gn pnosihons, mhlh rnsubt`gh gnb `m`nmilinoth gn uo`mhotiodnomi` mucinrt` phr nb mit`gh pbò; (M`lphs, 3503).

B`s mhotiodnomi`s sn rndubò nb b` Bny gn Sndub`mio gn bhs Ubòns y Fhoghs gn

Unosihons, tnxth rnfuogigh `prhc`gh phr Sn`b Gnmrnth Bndisb`tivh 6/3557, gn 39 gnhmtucrn: y, no nb Sndb`lnoth gn Ubòns y Fhoghs gn Unosihons, `prhc`gh phr nb Sn`bGnmrnth =57/3557, gn 35 gn fncrnrh, nst`cbnminogh bhs siduinotns tiphs (W`pi`, 3507).

0. Kucib`mio h situ`mio `silib`cbn

B` kucib`mio, p`r` muy` gntnrlio`mio sn nst`r ` bh prnvisth no nb rdilno gn b`]ndurig`g ]hmi`b. Muògh oh sn` phsicbn nb `mmnsh gn uo p`rtmipn ` b` kucib`mio,b` mhotiodnomi` sn notnognr prhgumig` ` p`rtir gn b` ng`g hrgio`ri` gn kucib`miophr nb Sdilno dnonr`, no nb lhlnoth no qun nb p`rtmipn nknrz` h a`y` mns`ghno b` `mtivig`g b`chr`b y oh nst mhtizògh no oiodo Sdilno gn b` ]ndurig`g]hmi`b.

Gnsgn nb lhlnoth gn `mmnsh ` b` kucib`mio, b`s `phrt`mihons shbh phgrognstio`rsn b` mhotiodnomi` gn f`bbnmilinoth.

3. Iov`bignz b`chr`b tht`b y pnrlònotn p`r` b` prhfnsio a`citu`b, h `cshbut` ypnrlònotn p`r` thgh tr`c`kh y b` drò iov`bignz.

B` ]ndurig`g ]hmi`b gnfion b` iom`p`mig`g pnrlònotn `s;

]itu`mio gnb tr`c`k`ghr qun, gnspus gn a`cnr nst`gh shlntigh `b tr`t`linothprnsmrith y gn a`cnr sigh g`gh gn `bt` lgim`lnotn, prnsnot` rngummihons ò`tlim`sh fuomiho`bns dr`vns, susmnpticbns gn gntnrlio`mio hckntivh y prnvisicbnlnotngnfioitiv`s, qun gisliouyò h òubno su m`p`mig`g b`chr`b. Oh ilpngir t`b m`bifim`miob` phsicibig`g gn rnmupnr`mio gn b` m`p`mig`g b`chr`b gnb iom`p`mit`gh, si gima`phsicibig`g sn nstil` lgim`lnotn mhlh iominrt` h ` b`rdh pb`zh.


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- 01 -

=. Lunrtn gnb p`rtmipn

B` lunrtn gnb p`rtmipn pungn dnonr`r gnrnmah ` prnst`mihons gn viugng`g uhrfòg`g, h ` f`vhr gn htrhs anrngnrhs h pnrsho`s gnsido`g`s no nb chbnto gn`gansio gnb pbò gn pnosihons, no gnmb`r`mio phstnrihr h cino no nb tnst`lnoth.

7. Lunrtn gnb cnonfimi`rih

B` lunrtn gnb cnonfimi`rih pungn dnonr`r gnrnmah ` prnst`mio ` sus anrngnrh.

>. Gnpnognomi` snvnr` h drò gnpnognomi` gnb p`rtmipn

Whg`s b`s pnrsho`s qun pungò `mrngit`r uo dr`gh gn gnpnognomi` snvnr` h drògnpnognomi` phgro rnmupnr`r b`s `phrt`mihons rn`biz`g`s ` su pbò gn pnosihons.

7.7. GIFNSNOMI@] MHO UB@ON] GN K^CIB@MIO

@uoqun sn mrnn qun ns bh lislh uo pbò gn pnosihons qun uo pbò gn kucib`mio,nxistno 7 drògns gifnrnomi s notrn nbbhs (Càibbh, 3559).

UB@ON] Y FHOGH] GN UNO]IHON] UB@ON] GN K^CIB@MIHODnstio ` tr`vs gn notig`g còm`ri` Dnstio notig`g `sndur`ghr`Gnsdr`v`mio gn ISUF Oh gnsdr`v`mio no ISUFSntir`g` gn fhoghs no kucib`mio Sntir`g` gn fhoghs no mu`bquinr

lhlnothIotnrs v`ri`cbn Iotnrs fikh

W`cb` 7.0. Gifnrnomi`s notrn Ubòns gn Unosihons y Ubòns gn Kucib`mioFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi`

0. ô pbò gn pnosihons ns uo fhogh dnstiho`gh ` tr`vs gn uo` notig`gcòm`ri`, b` mu`b iovinrtn b`s `phrt`mihons rn`biz`g`s no trns tiphs gn `mtivhs

fioòminrhs, y` snò `mmihons, chohs gn nlprns`s h gnug` pcbim`, bh qunùlnot` nb rinsdh gn vnr gisliouig` b` rnot`cibig`g gn b`s `phrt`mihons niombush gn pnrgnr nb gionrh iovnrtigh.

3. B` fism`big`g; no uo pbò gn kucib`mio oh nxistn uo` gnsdr`v`mio no nb ISUF,phr nb mhotr`rih no uo pbò gn pnosihons sn dhz` gn bh qun pungn p`rnmnr uo`vnot`k`. No uo prilnr lhlnoth sn pnrlitn qun nb usu`rih sn gnsdr`vn no b`gnmb`r`mio gn b` rnot` pnrh muògh bbnd` nb lhlnoth gn mhcr`r nb gionrh qunsn a` igh àhrrògh ` bh b`rdh gn bhs `hs. No m`lcih, uopbò gn kucib`mio ohtnogr oioduo` pno`biz`mio `b rn`biz`rsn gimah mhcrh phrqun òtnrihrlnotn sna` igh gnmb`rògh m`g` `h.

=. Htrh puoth gn givnrdnomi` qun f`vhrnmn `b pbò gn kucib`mio ns su biquignz. ]ino uo pbò gn pnosihons nb usu`rih oh phgr thm`r o`g` gnb fhogh a`st` qunbbndun ` b` kucib`mio: no uo pbò gn kucib`mio, b` biquignz sidoifim` qun mhlhtitub`r phgrs rnmupnr`r tu gionrh otndr`lnotn no mu`bquinr lhlnoth, ùoqunnxistir uo` pno`biz`mio phr nbbh.

7. B` rnot`cibig`g; ùoqun nb pbò gn pnosihons tinon uo iotnrs v`ri`cbn qunp`rnmn pnrlitir uo l`yhr àhrrh y qun bh a`r` ls `tr`mtivh, su v`ri`cibig`g bhmhovinrtn no uo f`mthr gn rinsdh phr b` fbumtuòtn situ`mio nmholim`. Nom`lcih, nb pbò gn kucib`mio hfrnmn uo iotnrs fikh guròtn thgh nb pnrihgh gnàhrrh, `phrtògh sndurig`g no nb àhrrh.


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M@UW^BH >

IOWSHG^MMIHO @B L@SJNWIOD

Nb l`rjntiod ns, tòth uo` fibhshf` mhlh uo` tmoim`. Mhlh fibhshf`, ns uo` fhrl` gnmhomncir b` rnb`mio gn iotnrm`lcih, phr p`rtn gn b` notig`g qun hfrnmn sus prhgumths `blnrm`gh. Nst` mhomnpmio p`rtn gn b`s onmnsig`gns y gnsnhs gnb mhosulighr y tinonmhlh fio su s`tisf`mmio gnb lhgh ls cnonfimihsh. Mhlh tmoim`, nb l`rjntiod ns nblhgh nspnmfimh gn bbnv`r ` m`ch b` rnb`mio gn iotnrm`lcih, qun mhosistn noignotifim`r, mrn`r, gns`rrhbb`r y snrvir ` b` gnlòg` (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

Nb l`rjntiod ns nb prhmnsh shmi`b, nmholimh y dnrnomi`b ` tr`vs gnb mu`b bhsiogiviguhs hctinono bh qun onmnsitò y gnsnò, lngiòtn nb iotnrm`lcih gn cinons ysnrvimihs (Càibbh, 3559).

Nb l`rjntiod mhotnlpb` ` b` nlprns`, no su rnb`mio mho nb lnrm`gh, mhlh uo

prhmnsh hrdòiz`gh y gnstio`gh ` mrn`r y mhosnrv`r uo mbinotn (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

U`r` phgnr bbnv`r ` m`ch ns`s fuomihons ns onmns`rih mhohmnr cino ` bhs phsicbnsmhlpr`ghrns, rn`bizògh p`r` nbbh uo` iovnstid`mio gn lnrm`gh no b` qun snnstugi`rò b`s onmnsig`gns y gnsnhs gn bhs futurhs mbinotns mho nb fio gn `gnmu`r b`hfnrt` gn b` notig`g ` b` gnlòg` gn `qubbhs (Càibbh, 3559).

Nb l`rjntiod ns uo` gismipbio` khvno, mho uo gns`rrhbbh minotfimh luy rnminotn,m`r`mtnriz`gh phr lbtipbns iotnoths gn gnfioimio y gn gntnrlio`mio gn su o`tur`bnz`y `bmòmn. Luma`s vnmns sn mhofuogn nb l`rjntiod mho b` vnot` h b` pucbimig`g,muògh st`s sho sbh `bduohs gn bhs iostrulnoths gnb l`rjntiod pnrh oh bhs oimhs(]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

Fidur` >.0. Fuomiho`linoth gnb l`rjntiodFunotn; Jhtbnr y @rlstrhod (3551, pp. 36).


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>.0. MHOMNUWH] C]IMH] GN L@SJNWIOD

Nxistno sintn mhomnpths, bhs mu`bns, v`rihs y` sn aò ohlcr`gh no bh qun v` gnm`ptubh y sn lnomiho`ro rnpntig`s vnmns a`st` fio`biz`r stn. Uhr nbbh, mhovinonprnmis`s qu sn notinogn phr m`g` uoh gn nbbhs.

Uhr prhgumth sn notinogn mu`bquinr cino l`tnri`b, snrvimih h ign` qun phsn` uov`bhr p`r` nb mhosulighr h usu`rih y sn` susmnpticbn gn s`tisf`mnr uo` onmnsig`g. Nbtrlioh prhgumth sn utibiz`, phr tòth, gn fhrl` dnorim` (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

ô cino ns uo hcknth fsimh, tòdicbn, qun sn pungn vnr y thm`r y, no dnonr`b,pnrmicir phr bhs snotighs. Uungn gnstruirsn phr nb mhosulh, h phr nb mhotr`rih, pungnsnr gur`gnrh y pnrlitir uo ush mhotiou`gh.

ô snrvimih mhosistn no b` `pbim`mio gn nsfunrzhs aulòhs h lnmoimhs `pnrsho`s, òil`bns u hcknths. Bhs snrvimihs sho iotòdicbns, oh sn pungno pnrmicir phrbhs snotighs, sho pnrnmngnrhs y oh sn pungno `bl`mno`r.

ô` ign` ns uo mhomnpth, uo` fibhshf`, uo` hpioio, uo` il`dno h uo` munstio. @bidu`b qun bhs snrvimihs, ns iotòdicbn.

Mhlh sn a` iogim`gh, nb l`rjntiod tr`t` gn s`tisf`mnr onmnsig`gns y gnsnhs nignotifim`, mrn`, gns`rrhbb` y sirvn ` b` gnlòg`, phr bh qun t`lcio ns onmns`rihprnmis`r qu sn notinogn phr onmnsig`g, gnsnh y gnlòg`.

]ndo (Jhtbnr y @rlstrhod, 3551), b`s onmnsig`gns aulò`s sho nst`ghs gnm`rnomi` pnrmicig`, uo nst`gh fisihbdimh h psimhbdimh, qun ns mhlo ` thghs bhs snrnsaulòhs, mho iognpnognomi gn bhs f`mthrns toimhs y mubtur`bns.

Bhs gnsnhs sho b` fhrl` qun `ghptò b`s onmnsig`gns aulò`s lhbgn`g`s phr b`mubtur` y b` pnrsho`big`g iogivigu`b.

B` gnlòg` ns uo` fhrlub`mio nxprns` gn uo gnsnh, qun nst mhogimiho`g` phrbhs rnmurshs gisphoicbns gnb iogiviguh h notig`g gnlògòtn y phr bhs nstlubhs gnl`rjntiod rnmicighs.

>.0.0. L`rjntiod gn rnb`mihons

No bhs btilhs `hs sn a` hcsnrv`gh no b` prmtim` gnb l`rjntiod uo` nvhbumio no nb`bmòmn gn su hcknth gn nstugih, p`sògh gn b` tròs`mmio ìsb`g` ` b`s rnb`mihons gniotnrm`lcih. Nsth a` supunsth mhosignr`r qun nb hckntivh gn b` `mmio mhlnrmi`b oh ns

sbh mhosnduir uo` tròs`mmio, sioh nb nst`cbnmilinoth gn rnb`mihons nst`cbns ygur`gnr`s mho bhs mbinotns, lutu`lnotn cnonfimihs`s p`r` b`s p`rtns. Nst`s rnb`mihonsaò gn mhosnduir b` s`tisf`mmio y b` bn`bt`g gnb mhosulighr y `sndur`r b` rnot`cibig`ggnb vnognghr. ]n a` p`s`gh, phr tòth, gn uo l`rjntiod gn tròs`mmihons ìsb`g`s ùo l`rjntiod gn rnb`mihons h l`rjntiod iotnr`mtivh (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

Nb l`rjntiod gn rnb`mihons mhostituyn uo` visio rntrh gnb l`rjntiod, uo` fhrl` gnvhbvnr `b p`s`gh, pnrh mho b`s tnmohbhd`s `mtu`bns. @ahr` b`s ounv`s tnmohbhd`s gndnstio gn c`sns gn g`ths y gn Iotnront pnrlitno mhluoim`rsn y dnstiho`rpnrsho`blnotn uo olnrh nbnv`gh gn mbinotns.

Nb l`rjntiod iotnr`mtivh a` tnoigh su hridno no lnrm`ghs iogustri`bns, ghogn b`rnb`mio mhlpr`ghr-vnognghr ns ls girnmt`, pnrh nb gns`rrhbbh tnmohbdimh, f`mibit`

m`g` vnz ls b` `pbim`mio gn nstn l`rjntiod ` lnrm`ghs gn mhosulh.


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B` bicnr`biz`mio gnb lnrm`gh y nb ùlnoth gn b` mhlpntnomi` iomrnlnotò b`snxidnomi`s gn bhs mbinotns, qun gnsnò uo lnkhr snrvimih, ls `g`pt`gh ` suonmnsig`gns y ls pnrsho`biz`gh. Nb l`rjntiod iotnr`mtivh ns uo` mhosnmunomi` gn bhsm`lcihs gnb nothroh.

Nb nst`cbnmilinoth gn uo l`rjntiod gn rnb`mihons, no mhotr`phsimio `b gn

tròs`mmihons, suphon uo` hrinot`mio ` b`rdh pb`zh qun cnonfimi` ` thg`s b`s p`rtnsqun iotnrvinono no b` rnb`mio gn iotnrm`lcih.

Nb gns`rrhbbh gn b` dnstio gn b`s rnb`mihons mho bhs mbinotns a` hridio`gh uo ounvhtrlioh no l`rjntiod., nb MSL (Musthlnr Snb`tihosaip Lò`dnlnot), nb mu`b sn utibiz`p`r` iombuir uo mhokuoth gn lthghs, shftw`rn y ohrl`blnotn tnmohbhd`s gn Iotnrontqun f`mibitò b` dnstio sistnltim` y hrdòiz`g` gn b`s rnb`mihons mho bhs mbinotns.

Mho b` `yug` gn b`s ounv`s tnmohbhd`s MSL, nb l`rjntiod iotnr`mtivh pnrlitnbbnd`r ` uo` rnb`mio iogivigu`biz`g` mho uo drò olnrh gn mbinotns.

W`cb` >.0. Gifnrnomi`s notrn L`rjntiod gn tròs`mmihons y L`rjntiod gnrnb`mihons

Funotn; D`rrigh y Chrgho`c`, 3550

>.0.3. Lix gn L`rjntiod

U`r` gns`rrhbb`r nstr`tndi`s, b` nlprns` gisphon gn bhs iostrulnoths csimhs gnb

l`rjntiod, qun mhlcio`r gn b` fhrl` qun mhosignrn `gnmu`g` mho nb fio gn mhosnduirbhs hckntivhs prnvisths. Nst` mhlcio`mio mhostituir su l`rjntiod lix, h lnzmb` gn bhsmu`trh iostrulnoths csimhs, b`s gnohlio`g`s 7 U(]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

- Nb prhgumth (Urhgumt)

- Nb prnmih (Urimn)

- B` gistricumio (Ub`mn)

- B` mhluoim`mio (Urhlhtiho)

Nsths iostrulnoths sn mhosignrò b`s v`ri`cbns mhotrhb`cbns, phrqun pungnolhgifim`rsn. ]io nlc`rdh, b`s lhgifim`mihons sbh sho phsicbns gnotrh gn uohs blitns.


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]i bhs prnmihs nsto rndub`ghs oh phgro `btnr`rsn mho `cshbut` bicnrt`g. B`sv`ri`mihons no b`s m`r`mtnrstim`s gn bhs prhgumths sunbno snr mhsths`s gn rn`biz`r. Nbsistnl` gn gistricumio utibiz`gh pungn snr prmtim`lnotn ilphsicbn gn m`lci`r. Uhrbtilh, bhs lthghs gn prhlhmio bbnv`ghs ` m`ch bbndò ` ignotifim`r ` b` nlprns` ya`citu`b `b lnrm`gh, phr bh qun m`lci`rbhs rnsubt` ` vnmns luy gifmib.

Fidur` >.3. L`rjntiod lixFunotn; Nb`chr`mio prhpi` ` p`rtir gn ]òtnsl`sns (3503, pp.96)

>.0.3.0. Urhgumth

Nb gnp`rt`lnoth gn l`rjntiod gn b`s notig`gns ns nb nom`rd`gh gn gisn`r bhsprhgumths y snrvimihs qun sn vò ` hfrnmnr ` b` mbinotnb`. @ p`rtir gnb nstugih gnbmhlphrt`linoth y bhs dusths gn bhs mhosulighrns prhphogr b` mrn`mio gn uo ounvhprhgumth h snrvimih h b` lhgifim`mio gn uoh y` nxistnotn (Càibbh, 3559)

B` hfnrt` gnb prhgumth oh mhosistn oim`lnotn no nb prhgumth csimh, sioh t`lciono thghs bhs `spnmths fhrl`bns y ``gighs qun `mhlp`ò ` b` hfnrt` (]òtnsl`sns,3503).

B`s gnmisihons shcrn nb prhgumth sho gn drò ilphrtòmi`, phrqun sho b`s qunmrnò bhs lngihs p`r` s`tisf`mnr b`s onmnsig`gns gnb lnrm`gh. ]ho t`lcio b`sprilnr`s qun gncno thl`rsn `b gisn`r b` nstr`tndi` mhlnrmi`b, punsth qun oh snpungn v`bhr`r, gistricuir h prhlhmiho`r `bdh qun oh nxistn. @gnls, sho gnmisihons `b`rdh pb`zh, qun oh pungno lhgifim`rsn gn fhrl` iolngi`t`.

Urnmih-Oh ns sbh nb v`bhrlhont`rih, sioht`lcio nb tinlphutibiz`gh-Mhogimihoòtnsfik`mio gn prnmihs

Urhgumth

-M`rtnr` gn prhgumth-M`r`mtnrstim`gifnrnomi`b- L`rm`s, lhgnbhs,nov`sns.-Ounvhs prhgumths

Gistricumio-Lisio; phonr nbprhgumth ` gisphsimiognb mhosulighr gn fhrl`qun nstilubn su`gquisimio-Gnmisihons shcrnmò`bns gn gistricumio y

Mhluoim`mio-Vnot` pnrsho`b-L`rjntiod girnmth-Uucbimig`g-Urhp`dòg`-Urhlhmio gn vnot`s

L@SJNWIOD


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- 3= -

@otns gn bòz`rbh `b lnrm`gh gncn `sndur`rsn b` notig`g qun nxistn uo` gnlòg`phtnomi`b gnb prhgumth y gncnr nst`cbnmnr b` mhlcio`mio gn bhs `tricuths phsicbns gnnsn prhgumth p`r` qun tnod` l`yhr `mnpt`mio notrn bhs futurhs mbinotns (Càibbh,3559).

Idu`blnotn gncnr mhlprhc`r quions sho bhs priomip`bns mhlpntighrns, qu

prhgumths y snrvimihs silib`rns hfrnmno y no qu mhogimihons `mtò no nb lnrm`gh.

>.0.3.3. Urnmih

Nb prnmih oh ns sbh b` mòtig`g gn gionrh qun sn p`d` phr hctnonr uo prhgumth, sioht`lcio nb tinlph utibiz`gh p`r` mhosnduirbh, `s mhlh nb nsfunrzh y b`s lhbnsti`sonmns`ri`s p`r` hctnonrbh (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

Nb prnmih tinon uo funrtn ilp`mth shcrn b` il`dno gnb prhgumth. ô prnmih `bth nssiooilh, luma`s vnmns, gn m`big`g: y uo prnmih c`kh, gn bh mhotr`rih. Ns uoiostrulnoth ` mhrth pb`zh, punsth qun sn pungn lhgifim`r mho r`pignz, ùoqun a`yrnstrimmihons no b` fik`mio gnb prnmih.

Gncigh ` b` phm` gifnrnomi`mio gn `bduohs prhgumths, b`s gifnrnomi`s gn prnmihsoh pungno snr luy `bt`s gn uo` notig`g ` htr` phrqun sn pnrgnr` `b mbinotn.

]ndo (Càibbh, 3559), p`r` nst`cbnmnr nb prnmih gn mhlnrmi`biz`mio gn uo prhgumtha`cr gn tnonrsn no munot`;

- Bhs mhstns gn gistricumio, prhgummio y vnot` qun tinon b` notig`g `bmhlnrmi`biz`r nsn prhgumth

- Bhs prnmihs ` bhs qun sn hfrnmno prhgumths silib`rns no nb lnrm`gh.

- Muòths mhosulighrns snro mhlpr`ghrns phtnomi`bns gn nsn prhgumth ` m`g`prnmih `btnro`tivh qun sn prhphod`.

Wnoinogh no munot` bhs f`mthrns òtnrihrns sn fik`r` uo prnmih qun pnrlit` ` b``sndur`ghr` hctnonr bhs hckntivhs gnsn`ghs; l`xiliz`r nb rnogilinoth shcrn bìovnrsio nfnmtu`g` y `bmòz`r bhs oivnbns gn vnot` gnsn`ghs.

B` fik`mio gnb prnmih ns mhlpbim`g` gncigh ` qun bhs tiphs gn iotnrs v`rò mhofrnmunomi` no fuomio gn b` nvhbumio gn b` nmhohl`, gn b` mhlpntnomi` y gn htrhsf`mthrns mhlh b` iofb`mio, nb gfimit pcbimh, ntm.

No b` `mtu`big`g, thg`s b`s notig`gns pungno fioòmi`rsn h prnst`r ` prnmihs

snlnkòtns y b`s gifnrnomi`s gn sths gnpnognro gn bhs cnonfimihs qun b` notig`g snpbòtnn hctnonr mho nb prhgumth.

>.0.3.=. Gistricumio

]ndo (]òtnsl`sns, 3503), b` gistricumio rnb`miho` b` prhgummio mho nb mhosulh.Winon mhlh lisio phonr nb prhgumth gnlòg`gh ` gisphsimio gnb lnrm`gh, gnlònr` qun sn f`mibitn y nstilubn su `gquisimio phr nb mhosulighr. Nb mò`b gngistricumio ns nb m`lioh snduigh phr nb prhgumth, ` tr`vs gn bhs iotnrlngi`rihs, gnsgnnb prhgumthr b mhosulighr.

Oh gncno mhosignr`rsn oim`lnotn bhs `spnmths nmholimhs ` b` ahr` gn gisn`rnb sistnl` gn gistricumio, sioh t`lcio nb dr`gh gn mhotrhb gnb lnrm`gh y b` m`p`mig`ggn `g`pt`mio ` bhs m`lcihs gnb nothroh.


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B`s gnmisihons shcrn gistricumio sho gnmisihons ` b`rdh pb`zh, luma`s vnmnsirrnvnrsicbns. Oh a`y uo lhgh oimh gn gistricuir m`g` tiph gn prhgumth, phr bh qunpungno `ghpt`rsn luy v`ri`g`s fhrl`s gn gistricumio.

B`s fhrl`s gn gistricumio nvhbumihoò mhostòtnlnotn phr nb ilp`mth gn b`sounv`s tnmohbhd`s, bhs mhstns, b` sndlnot`mio gnb lnrm`gh y b`s nxidnomi`s gn bhsmhosulighrns.

]ndo (Càibbh, 3559), b` nbnmmio gnb mò`b gn gistricumio nst`r no fuomio gn bhsmbinotns ` bhs qun sn giridno, bhs hckntivhs qun sn a`y` l`rm`gh b` notig`g, b` il`dnoqun quinr` tròslitir, ntm., n iombush phgr bbnd`r ` snr uo` gnmisio tò nstr`tdim` qunpungn qung`r funr` gnb rn` gn l`rjntiod.

Bhs `vòmns tnmohbdimhs pnrlitno hfrnmnr prhgumths y snrvimihs sio qun snònmns`ri` b` prnsnomi` fsim` gnb mbinotn mho bh qun sn a` prhgumigh uo` rngummio nobhs mhstns, ùoqun sio hbvig`r b` ilphrtòmi` gnb mhot`mth girnmth mho nb mbinotn.

>.0.3.7. Mhluoim`mio

B` mhluoim`mio gn uo prhgumth ns nb mhokuoth gn `mtivig`gns qun tr`tò gn mhluoim`rbhs cnonfimihs qun rnphrt` nb prhgumth y gn pnrsu`gir `b lnrm`gh hckntivh gn qun bhmhlprn ` quino bh hfrnmn (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

Bhs iostrulnoths gn b` mhluoim`mio no bhs qun sn c`s` nb l`rjntiod sho;

- B` pucbimig`g, prhp`dòg` y rnb`mihons pucbim`s

Nst`s `mtivig`gns pnrsiduno, no dnonr`b, mhosnduir uo` il`dno f`vhr`cbn gnbprhgumth y gn b` nlprns` qun bh vnogn ` tr`vs gn bhs lngihs gn mhluoim`mio

mho nb fio gn qun sn `gquinr` nb prhgumth hfnrt`gh y/h sn lnkhrn b` `mnpt`mioshmi`b gn b` notig`g òuomiòtn.

]ndo (Càibbh, 3559), bhs `spnmths ` tnonr no munot` no uo` m`lp``pucbimit`ri` sho;

Fik`r bhs hckntivhs; csim`lnotn iomrnlnot`r b`s vnot`s y fhlnot`r b`cuno` il`dno gn b` notig`g.

Gnfioir nb pcbimh b qun v` giridigh

Gisnh gnb lnos`kn `gnmu`gh p`r` m`g` snrvimih

]nbnmmio gn bhs lngihs gn mhluoim`mio y gn bhs gistioths shphrtns

Nb`chr`mio gnb prnsupunsth qun sn v` ` gnstio`r ` pucbimig`g

Nknmumio y nv`bu`mio gn b` m`lp`` pucbimit`ri`; ns ilphrtòtnnv`bu`r b` nfim`mi` gn m`g` m`lp`` ò`bizògh b`s vnot`s h ` tr`vsgn nstugihs gn hpioio.

- B` funrz` gn vnot`s; mhosistn no rn`biz`r prnsnot`mihons pnrsho`bns mho nbprhpsith gn iomrnlnot`r h lhtiv`r b`s vnot`s.

- Urhlhmio gn vnot`s; iombuyn uo mhokuoth gn `mtivig`gns, oh mò`biz`g`s `tr`vs gn bhs lngihs gn mhluoim`mio, qun tr`tò gn nstilub`r b`s vnot`s `


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mhrth pb`zh. Vò giridig`s ` gistioths pcbimhs y bhs lthghs utibiz`ghs mhosistnofuog`lnot`blnotn no rnc`k`s gnb prnmih, hfnrt`s gn l`yhr mòtig`g gnprhgumth phr idu`b prnmih, muphons h v`bns gnsmunoth, lunstr`s dr`tuit`s,rnd`bhs, mhomurshs, ntm. (]òtnsl`sns, 3503).

- Vnot` pnrsho`b h `tnomio `b mbinotn h lnrmaògisiod; ` tr`vs gn b`mhluoim`mio pnrsho`b gn bhs nlpbn`ghs gn b` notig`g mho nb mbinotn snprntnogn vnognr bhs snrvimihs y `b lislh tinlph mrn`r uo` cuno` il`dno gn b``sndur`ghr`. Nb vnognghr gncn `vnridu`r y `mtiv`r b`s onmnsig`gns gnbmhosulighr y hctnonr vnot`k`s p`r` `lc`s p`rtns: ns ls uo `snshr qunprnst` yug` (Càibbh, 3559).

>.3. B@ WS@O]FHSL@MIO GIDIW@B GNB L@SJNWIOD

Nb luogh gn bhs sndurhs nst vivinogh uo` iotnos` tròsfhrl`mio y sn prnvom`lcihs mhostòtns mhlh mhosnmunomi` gn b` prnsnomi` hobion gn nlprns`s ymhosulighrns. @sulir nsths m`lcihs phr p`rtn gn b`s nlprns`s gnb snmthr`sndur`ghr, y no mhomrnth gn b` lngi`mio gn sndurhs, y rn`mmiho`r ` nbbhs`gnmu`g`lnotn, ns siooilh gn supnrvivnomi` ` g` gn ahy.

B` nlprns` gncn tnonr prnsnomi` no nb l`yhr olnrh gn rngns shmi`bns phsicbn,sinlprn qun sn` vi`cbn lòtnonr thg`s, y nsth pnrlit` mulpbir mho nb hckntivhpbòifim`gh. ]nr t`rn` gnb prhpih mhrrnghr, `dnotn h nlprns`rih gn sndurhs gnmigirqu rngns shmi`bns bn mhovinono ` su nlprns` p`r` uo` mhrrnmt` nstr`tndi` no nstnlngih.

B`s hpioihons shcrn bhs prhgumths gn sndurhs no rngns shmi`bns sho m`g` vnzls uo f`mthr gnmisivh no b` mhotr`t`mio gnb usu`rih, phr bh qun iovnrtir tinlph no nbb`sns m`g` vnz ls ilprnsmiogicbn. B` nlprns` sn tinon qun vhbm`r no b` fignbiz`mio gnbhs usu`rihs p`r` mhovnrtirbhs no prnsmripthrns gn b` l`rm`.

Iotnront y b` tnmohbhd aò m`lci`gh `b snmthr sndurh;

- Aò o`migh y mhotioò mrnoghsn ounvhs prhgumths gn sndurh mhlhrnspunst` ` ounv`s onmnsig`gns, y vinono `mhlp``ghs gn ounv`s fhrl`s ylngihs gn iofhrl`mio, `snshr`linoth y mhotr`t`mio no c`sn ` uo` mubtur`gidit`b m`g` vnz ls nxtnogig`.

- M`lci` nb mhosulighr, nb mbinotn gn sndurhs, sus aciths gn mhlpr` y b` fhrl`no qun thl` b`s gnmisihons p`r` b` mhotr`t`mio gn sndurhs funrtnlnotniofbunomi`gh phr b`s rngns shmi`bns y htrhs lngihs gidit`bns.

- ]n prhgumn uo` ionvit`cbn tròsfhrl`mio gidit`b gn b`s nlprns`s qun vnognosndurhs, sus nstr`tndi`s gn l`rjntiod, sus fhrl`s gn vnot` y bhs mò`bns gnmhluoim`mio mho nb mbinotn, y` sn` ` tr`vs gn b` lubtimò`big`g h gn m`lcihsls dnorimhs qun `fnmtò ` m`g` uoh gn bhs prhmnshs y linlcrhs gn b`nlprns`.

No dnonr`b, sn nst gns`rrhbbògh uo` tiphbhd` gn nlprns` gifnrnotn, `qubb` quna` `suligh uoìgnotig`g gidit`by qun, mhlh mhosnmunomi`, sit` no nb mnotrh gn su`mtivig`g ` ghs nbnlnoths mb`vns; nb mbinotn y b` ioohv`mio tnmohbdim`. Y gnotrh gnnst` nvhbumio nb l`rjntiod hmup` uo bud`r mb`vn puns ns quio sit` no nb fhmh gnthghs bhs prhmnshs bhs gnsnhs y onmnsig`gns gnb phgnrhsh mbinotn `mtu`b,mhosiduinogh gns`rrhbb`r uo` `mtivig`g ls nfnmtiv` y s`tisf`mthri` p`r` nb mhosulighr,y mho cnonfimihs l`yhrns p`r` b` `sndur`ghr`.


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Nb `sndur`gh, ` g` gn ahy, quinrn iofhrl`rsn, iotnrm`lci`r ilprnsihons, nxphonrsus qunk`s, n iombush mhotr`t`r sus sndurhs ` tr`vs gn iotnront. Oh mhosignr`r iotnrontgn uo` fhrl` nstr`tdimà`mn qun b`s nlprns`s sn `bnkno gn sus mbinotns.

@sndur`ghr`s, còmhs y nlprns`s mho `mtivig`g gnotrh gnb snmthr `sndur`ghr snvò gògh munot` gn qun su supnrvivnomi` sn c`s` m`g` vnz ls no gns`rrhbb`ruo` nstr`tndi` gn l`rjntiod no throh `b mbinotn y b` tnmohbhd` .

>.3.0. M`lp``s gn m`pt`mio gn mbinotns

Iotnront a` `cinrth m`liohs p`r` prnsnot`r bhs fhoghs gn pnosihons, sio blitn gn`bmòmn no rnb`mio ` b` m`pt`mio gn phsicbns mbinotns, `mtuògh b`s 37 ahr`s gnb g`nb `h mhlpbnth, puginogh gns`rrhbb`r m`lp``s gn m`pt`mio gn mbinotns luysndlnot`g`s mho uo loilh gnsnlchbsh.

Iotnront suphon hphrtuoig`gns gn lnkhr` dr`mi`s ` bhs lthghs qun hfrnmn, y` qunnlprns`s mho m`p`mig`gns bilit`g`s gn d`sths gn pucbimig`g, tinono b` phsicibig`g gnmhlpntir no idu`bg`g gn mhogimihons, `chrgògh bhs lislhs lnrm`ghs.

Nb hckntivh gn b`s m`lp``s ns mhominomi`r ` b` phcb`mio gn b` ilphrtòmi` gnpbòifim`r b` kucib`mio y `snshr`r ` bhs mbinotns shcrn mlh nfnmtu`rbh gn b` fhrl` lsptil`. Luma`s nlprns`s hfrnmno silub`mihons p`r` mhohmnr uo` prhynmmionstil`g` gnb m`pit`b gnb qun pungn gisphonr b` pnrsho` no nb lhlnoth gn kucib`rsn nofuomio gn bhs `hs mhtiz`ghs y nb àhrrh priv`gh gisphoicbn no nsn lhlnoth.

>.3.3. L`rjntiod gn `tr`mmio

Nb l`rjntiod gn `tr`mmio no nb snmthr `sndur`ghr ns uo` nstr`tndi` qun pnrlitn ` b``sndur`ghr` mhluoim`rsn mho su mbinotn gn uo` fhrl` oh iotrusiv`,cigirnmmiho`b y pnrsho`biz`g`.

Nb l`rjntiod gn `tr`mmio no nstn snmthr nst c`s`gh no qun sn` nb mbinotn nb qunthln b` ioimi`tiv` gn `mnrm`rsn ` cusm`r b` nlprns` gn fhrl` o`tur`b, phrqunrn`blnotn bn iotnrnsn bh qun st` hfrnmn.

A`y miomh nt`p`s no nb gns`rrhbbh gn uo` nstr`tndi` gn l`rjntiod gn `tr`mmio nonb snmthr `sndur`ghr;

- Nst`cbnmnr hckntivhs

Whg`s b`s nstr`tndi`s no l`rjntiod p`rtn mhlinozò phr cusm`r ` gogn y `quions sn quinrn bbnd`r. Uhr bh qun, ns fuog`lnot`b prnmis`s `spnmths mhlh;

Nb phsimiho`linoth gn b` nlprns`

B` prhpunst` gn v`bhr qun gifnrnomin ` b` nlprns`

B` sndlnot`mio gnb lnrm`gh

- @tr`nr phsicbns mbinotns

U`r` bbnv`r ` m`ch b` nstr`tndi` ns onmns`rih qun bbnduno ` b` wnc nb pcbimhgnfioigh mhlh hckntivh. ]n tr`t` gn mhosnduir visit`s gn pnrsho`s qunrn`blnotn pungò nst`r iotnrns`g`s no bhs sndurhs qun hfrnmn b` nlprns`.U`r` nbbh sn a` gn mhot`r mho;


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ô` wnc hptiliz`g` y cino gisn`g`, mho f`mibig`g gn ush.

Nstr`tndi` ]NH cino gnfioig`. Nst` nstr`tndi` sn gnfion mhlh nb mhokuoth gntmoim`s gnstio`g`s ` mhosnduir uo ònxh rpigh p`r` qun uo` pdio` wnc`p`rnzm` no b`s prilnr`s phsimihons `b rn`biz`r uo` mhosubt` gntnrlio`g`no uo cusm`ghr.

Nstr`tndi` no L`rjntiod gn Mhotnoighs y utibiz`mio gn Cbhd

Nstr`tndi` no Sngns ]hmi`bns.

- @o`biz`r lhvilinoths

Hcsnrv`r b`s mhogumt`s gn bhs usu`rihs y snduighrns ns luy ilphrtòtn, mho b`fio`big`g gn pnrfnmmiho`r gima` nstr`tndi`.

Ns onmns`rih ò`biz`r bhs lhvilinoths no b` wnc, bhs mhotnoighs ls

visit`ghs, nb tinlph qun sn nomunotrò gn visit`, ntm., lngiòtn anrr`linot`s gnlhoithriz`mio y lngimio mhlh Dhhdbn @o`bytims

Gnk`r mhostòmi` gn thg` b` iofhrl`mio rnmhdig` tòth no b` wnc mhlh nolngihs shmi`bns shcrn bhs snduighrns y visitòtns ns fuog`lnot`b. U`r` nbbh uo`nstr`tndi` no ]hmi`b MSL ns bh ign`b, ns gnmir, uo` nstr`tndi` gn ondhmihgisn`g` p`r` iovhbumr`r `b mbinotn no uo` rnb`mio lutu`lnotn cnonfimihs`, b`mu`b sn `phy` no tnmohbhd`, anrr`linot`s shmi`bns, rndb`s gn ondhmih, fbukh gntr`c`kh y prhmnshs, p`r` phgnr noriqunmnr nb mhohmilinoth `mtu`b shcrn bhsmbinotns iomhrphrògh iofhrl`mio shmi`b shcrn nbbhs y phgnr `phrt`rbns lsv`bhr.

- Mhosnduir bn`gs

Bhs visitòtns gncno mhovnrtirsn no mbinotns

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