MARKET

INTELLIGENCE

REPORT: BIRDS

EGGS, IN

SHELL, FRESH,

PRESERVED OR

COOKED

ABSTRACT Study includes global consumption & production patterns

and India’s growing opportunities in the exports of birds

eggs shell, fresh, preserved or cooked (HS 0407).

Birds eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked are the 716th most traded product and the 3481st most complex product according to the Product Complexity Index (PCI).

The top exporters of Birds eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked are the

Netherlands ($753M), The United States ($403M), Turkey ($378M), Germany ($316M)

and Poland ($308M). The top importers are Germany ($681M), Iraq ($401M), the Netherlands

($353M), Russia ($209M) and Hong Kong ($192M).

Eggs: Global Markets Demand

Eggs are one of the fastest growing proteins as diets around the world become richer and

more diverse due to an increase in living standards, proteins become a growing part of

people’s diet. Today, eggs are one of the fastest growing proteins in the world, with more

than 50% growth forecast in the next 2 decades. Egg consumption continues in many

European markets. In the UK, eggs are benefiting from the slowdown in breakfast cereal

sales. However, it is in emerging markets, where consumers seeking affordable and diverse

protein sources, that eggs per capita consumption is growing at the fastest pace.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

WORLD IMPORTS 40,64,879 42,82,123 36,90,218 39,82,305 43,97,139

40,64,879

42,82,123

36,90,218

39,82,305

43,97,139

World: Import Value in '000$

WORLD IMPORTS

Asia holds the biggest volume of the egg market With 5 of the top 10 national producers and

2 of the top 3 worldwide consumers, Asia has the biggest volume of the global eggs market

both in term of production and consumption. With a highly dense population as well as eggs

being central to a lot of Asian diets, (China and Japan are both in the top 3 biggest eggs

consumer worldwide) the region will continue to be one of the biggest influencers on the

market. China remains the indisputable leader, holding 50% share of global production, and

its consumption is likely to grow at an accelerated rate as the government recommends that

Chinese children eat one egg every day. They also recently discontinued their one-child

policy

Top Global Importers of Eggs

World Imports: Table showing past, current and predicted imports from 2019 to

2022 and the trend:

The following table gives a snapshot of the top importers of eggs and the of the top exporters

of the respective countries based on the value of eggs in USD for 2018.

Top Importers

Top Exporters

Importers 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 TRENDLINE Remarks

Germany 721453 639372 644699 682704 756164 722704.6 733980 745255.4 756530.8

Netherlands 426032 383657 353519 355443 404986 363635.6 356605 349574.4 342543.8

Iraq 8991 383035 323834 403161 396000 541247.4 620661.8 700076.2 779490.6

Russian

Federation 307996 279299 222741 213762 255906 205025.7 188054 171082.3 154110.6

Hong Kong, China 207516 204562 183942 190881 228301 211407.1 214196 216984.9 219773.8

Mexico 175269 180750 167553 169265 173403 168682.9 167161.2 165639.5 164117.8

Belgium 132901 119316 135873 164174 161103 173052 183178.2 193304.4 203430.6

Singapore 139601 119841 112862 109326 133838 116481.3 114277.2 112073.1 109869

France 99795 110921 93522 124039 110393 118028.2 121459.6 124891 128322.4

United Arab

Emirates 98720 100472 95913 109160 106538 109457.8 111890.2 114322.6 116755

Canada 125939 159962 81130 87813 104864 77651.9 66222 54792.1 43362.2

Saudi Arabia 38017 69893 47929 37950 96667 83698.3 92234 100769.7 109305.4

Spain 49041 40844 51149 55117 73107 72573.1 78813.6 85054.1 91294.6

Afghanistan 38999 25488 33731 54236 71309 72763 82099.8 91436.6 100773.4

Italy 104232 80070 51112 64850 65499 45346.8 36078.2 26809.6 17541

United Kingdom 129988 119636 74573 76999 62175 39195.3 21369 3542.7 -14283.6

Austria 62248 55278 48401 57479 60024 56011.9 55787.2 55562.5 55337.8

Switzerland 66730 55383 56161 55348 58026 53096.7 51352.4 49608.1 47863.8

United States of

America 40914 142218 66841 55830 56150 55615.8 50024.2 44432.6 38841

Germany Netherlands Russia Hong Kong

China

Netherland Germany Netherland China

Poland Belgium Germany USA

Belgium Poland Belarus Thailand

UK UK Czech

Republic

Malaysia

India

Exporters

Potential

Importers

Shown through

arrows

+

India can be a leading Exporter for Saudi Arabia, Hong

Kong, Afghanistan and Singapore by leveraging on the

potential of Geographical Proximity, Lower Tariffs

Saudi Arabia:

Diplomatic Ties,

Tariff Benefit

Hong Kong

Connectivity,

Tax Benefits Singapore:Geo

graphical

Proximity

Potential Markets for Exports from India

THE GRAVITY EQUATION IN

INTERNATIONAL TRADE Jan Tinbergen (1962) used an analogy with Newton’s universal law of gravitation to describe the patterns

of bilateral aggregate trade flows between two countries A and B as “proportional to the gross national

products of those countries and inversely proportional to the distance between them,”

with α, β, ζ≈ 1.

Factors Boosting the Consumption of Eggs:

Increasing health-consciousness about protein intake has led to an increase in consumption of

eggs and egg products. Eggs are a popular choice of protein for a majority of the global

population, as they are affordable and healthy. Moreover, egg yolks are a significant source

of vitamins, minerals, and fat. They contain fat-soluble vitamin D and are naturally high in

choline. Therefore, to promote such benefits, several campaigns across the world are

promoting egg consumption. For instance, the US government is promoting egg consumption

in schools as a part of its National School Lunch Program and the Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program.

The growing population is also another major factor that drives the production capacity and

supply of the product. The global per capita consumption of eggs grew at a steady rate in the

last decade, primarily driven by countries such as China, Japan, and the US.

Thus, with such initiatives, the market for poultry eggs is expected to showcase a positive

outlook during the forecast period.

Country Year Revision

No.of

correspon

ding

national

tariff lines

Total Ad

Valorem

equivalen

t traffics 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

SINGAPORE 2019 HS17 12 0 1,39,601 1,19,841 1,12,862 1,09,326 1,33,838 MALAYSIA THAILAND CHINA

SAUDI ARABIA 2017 HS17 7 3 38,017 69,893 47,929 37,950 96,667 TURKEY BRAZIL JORDAN

HONG KONG 2019 HS17 9 0 2,07,516 2,04,562 1,83,942 1,90,881 2,28,301 CHINA USA THAILAND

AFGHANISTAN 2018 HS12 5 5 38,999 25,488 33,731 71,309KAZAKHSTH

AN

UZBEKISTAN TURKEMINS

TAN

Top Exporters

About Global and Indian Consumption

Pattern

India has witnessed an increasing trend in production of eggs from 2009-10 to 2017-18.

There was a compound annual growth rate of 5.22% from 6024.10 ten million during 2009-

10 to 9521.6998 ten million during 2017-18.

The top 10 States/UTs in terms of production of eggs during 2015-16 were: Tamil Nadu,

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Haryana, Karnataka, Punjab, Kerala

and Uttar Pradesh.

Production of eggs in Tamil Nadu was 1741.61 ten million during 2017-18. It accounted

18.29% of the total eggs produced in India during the year. India saw a growth of 4.59% in

production of eggs in Tamil Nadu during 2017-18 over 2017-18.

Production of eggs in Andhra Pradesh was 1777.76 ten million during 2017-18. It accounted

18.67% of the total eggs produced in India during the year. A growth of 12.32% in

production of eggs in Andhra Pradesh during 2017-18 over 2016-17. The top 5 states

accounted for 70.15% of the total eggs produced in India as a whole during 2017-18.

Despite the remarkable increase of the per capita consumption from only 51 eggs in 2009-10

to 74 eggs in 2017-18, India has a high shell egg for consumption surplus resulting from the

remarkable growth of the laying hen flocks and of egg production. The surplus was either

exported or further processed. In 2016, 16,434 t of shell eggs and 10,000 t of dried egg

products were exported. Shell eggs were mainly directed to countries in Western Asia and

Africa; Oman alone had a share of 68.51% in the total export volume.

Eggs contain essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and protein needed for a healthy

life. They are simple to prepare and a convenient food source. Eggs are also quite affordable

which is suitable for the low-income households.

Types of Eggs Exported from India

Unit : US Dollar thousand

Code Product label

Exported

value in

2014

Exported

value in

2015

Exported

value in

2016

Exported

value in

2017

Exported

value in

2018

040721 Fresh eggs of domestic fowls, in shell

(excluding fertilised for incubation) 23,571 27,080 21,610 23,804 27,576

040711 Fertilised eggs for incubation, of

domestic fowls 10,252 8,254 12,176 15,090 16,463

040719 Fertilised birds' eggs for incubation

(excluding of domestic fowls) 6,308 9,446 2,151 183 753

040790 Birds' eggs, in shell, preserved or

cooked 1,048 4,878 3,748 735 604

040729

Fresh birds' eggs, in shell (excluding of

domestic fowls, and fertilised for

incubation)

33 200 140 36 14

040700 Birds' eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or

cooked 0 0 0 0 0

Trend Analysis of Eggs, bird, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked (0407)

CODE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CAGR

0407 41211 49859 39826 39849 45409 2.45%

The CAGR from the year 2014 to 2018 is 2.45%. The overall trend shows a

significant growth rate during that period.. The volume of exports is consistently

growing year-on-year except for the year 2016. This shows that export of bird eggs

is growing.

Revealed Comparative Advantage of 0407 (in US$ ‘000)

YEAR INDIA’S

EXPORT

INDIA,S

TOTAL

EXPORT

WORLD,S

EXPORT

WORLD’S

TOTAL

EXPORT

RCA

2014 41211 4,81,893 46,59,167 982,73,951 1.80

2015 49859 3,46,379 42,78,970 759,14,513 2.552

2016 39826 2,79,666 36,66,348 733,16,784 2.85

2017 39849 3,39,363 39,79,111 861,54,723 2.54

2018 45409 4,79,508 43,18,951 897,82,834 1.97

India’s Exports to the World: Table showing past and current exports from 2014

to 2018:

Note: Countries (Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Kenya etc.) marked in yellow are the countries to which India used

to export earlier but now the export has reduced significantly nearing zero.

Importers Exported value in 2014 Exported value in 2015 Exported value in 2016 Exported value in 2017 Exported value in 2018

World 41211 49859 39826 39849 45409

Oman 21144 23474 24351 29287 31113

Maldives 4671 4374 5657 6318 7986

Qatar 0 0 0 796 2758

Kuwait 0 104 122 1022 1784

Bahrain 1464 1969 2972 773 748

Iran, Islamic Republic of 367 492 632 267 436

Comoros 363 165 294 291 277

Nepal 42 0 16 2 77

Malaysia 59 0 27 54 65

Afghanistan 4947 2627 1473 54 55

Tanzania, United Republic of 0 0 0 47 40

Sierra Leone 969 1271 89 0 28

Liberia 3725 3660 958 209 25

United States of America 109 69 0 0 4

Indonesia 129 218 297 77 1

Pakistan 211 28 0 0 1

United Arab Emirates 0 33 86 256 1

Somalia 0 188 60 0 0

Myanmar 1015 79 90 81 0

Iraq 0 0 83 282 0

Kenya 921 924 297 0 0

Saudi Arabia 679 10073 2284 0 0

World Imports: Table showing past and current imports from 2014-18:

About Eggs and its Uses Eggs have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. Bird and reptile eggs consist of a

protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within

various thin membranes. The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. Other poultry

eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten.

The composition of an egg makes it the most versatile ingredient in baking. Eggs have the

following uses:

ImportersImported

value in 2014

Imported

value in 2015

Imported

value in

2016

Imported

value in

2017

Imported

value in

2018

Trend Remarks

Germany 721453 639372 644699 682704 756164

Netherlands 426032 383657 353519 355443 404986

Iraq 8991 383035 323834 403161 396000

Russian

Federation 307996 279299 222741 213762 255906

Hong Kong,

China 207516 204562 183942 190881 228301

Mexico 175269 180750 167553 169265 173403

Belgium 132901 119316 135873 164174 161103

Singapore 139601 119841 112862 109326 133838

France 99795 110921 93522 124039 110393

United Arab

Emirates 98720 100472 95913 109160 106538

Canada 125939 159962 81130 87813 104864

Saudi Arabia 38017 69893 47929 37950 96667

Spain 49041 40844 51149 55117 73107

Afghanistan 38999 25488 33731 54236 71309

Italy 104232 80070 51112 64850 65499

United Kingdom 129988 119636 74573 76999 62175

Austria 62248 55278 48401 57479 60024

Switzerland 66730 55383 56161 55348 58026

United States of

America 40914 142218 66841 55830 56150

ENHANCES THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF OTHER FOODS

Eggs are rich in nutrients and by adding them to vegetables, pastas, wheat and bread, the

nutritionally balanced meal when an egg is added.

RAISING AGENT

Whisked egg white includes air to form fine foam. The air bubbles expand with heat, as in

sponge cakes, meringues or soufflés and thus acts as raising agent.

BINDING SUBSTANCE AND COATING

Because eggs set when heated, they bind loose crumbly ingredients together, for example in

croquettes and fillings. By dipping fritters in beaten egg before frying, the surface is sealed

which prevents the food from soaking up the oil in which it is fried.

THICKENING AGENTS

Whipped egg is used as thickening agent in pie fillings, custard sauces and baked custard.

When heated for too long, however, liquid is discharged and the egg forms a sticky clot.

EMULSIFYING AGENT

Egg yolk keeps liquid like oil in an emulsion by encircling oil particles, thus preventing them

from sticking together. mayonnaise is an excellent example. The addition of vinegar or lemon

juice stabilises the emulsion.

GLAZING AND SEALING

Whisked egg white glazes baking beautifully. Raw pastry crust won't become mushy from

the moisture in the filling if it is cooked with egg white before the filling is poured into it.

CLARIFYING FLUIDS

All purities stick to beaten egg and crushed shell and can be strained through a muslin cloth

to obtain clear meat stock, soups and jellies.

CONTROLLING CRYSTALLISATION

The addition of egg white when making sweets controls crystallisation.

ADDING COLOUR AND FLAVOURING

The egg yolk gives cakes a very attractive colour. Eggs also enhance the flavour of any dish

to which they are added.

PUSH STRATEGY:

Eggs beyond Breakfast

Breakfast is seen in some countries as the most important meal of the

day, and today people are increasingly choosing breakfast items as an

alternative for snacks, lunch or dinner. As a result, a growing number of

restaurants and food chains are now starting to offer more breakfast

options at any time of the day, with egg often as their main ingredient.

Seven out of 10 consumers say they are interested in the availability of

breakfast at any time of day, according to research firm Technomic.

253% increase in vegan claims and 25% rise in

vegetarian claims in global food and drink

launches between 2010 and 2016.

Strategy to Promote Eggs

Egg focus restaurant ‘Eggslut’:

In 6 years, the Californian food chain Eggslut went from one simple food truck to four brick and mortar restaurants, serving all its dishes with egg products. Eggslut is also the fourth-most photographed restaurant in the US. Eggs’ versatility and nutritious content also make them people’s favourite

breakfast food. (64% of people in the US consider ordering eggs for breakfast at

non-traditional times) LEON, the UK food chain launched a new breakfast range

called poached egg cups.

LEON, the UK food chain launched a new breakfast range

called poached egg cups.

Speciality egg range

In the mature European market, there continue to be opportunities to create

premium value and differentiation, for example through speciality egg ranges

based on the breed of hen or even the age.

Speciality egg range in the mature European market, there

continue to be opportunities to create premium value and

differentiation, for example through speciality egg ranges

based on the breed of hen or even the age.

Dropping an egg in your morning coffee:

Independent coffee outlets in Western countries are starting to jump on this

new trend coming from Asia that consists in putting a raw egg into your coffee

to give a creamier, less bitter taste. This trend is getting traction amongst fitness

focused consumers who are looking for a pre-workout drink, to help boost their

energy.

Sources: ITC calculations based on Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statisticsstatistics

since January, 2017.

ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics until January, 2018.