market garden production systems in periurban area of mahajanga. determinants of agricultural...
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Market garden production systems in periurban area of Mahajanga. Determinants of agricultural pratices of organic
fertilizer for technical innovation
Hery RAMAHEFARISON, Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes Dominique MASSE, IRD, UMR Eco&Sols
Christine AUBRY, INRA , UMR SADAPT, AgroParistech
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Context of the study
• Urbanization in developing country and food demand growth
• Importance of market gardening to contribute to the food security and incomes
Constraints
•Scarcity of land
•Socio-economical : land tenure, investment capacity,
costs of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides)
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It is necessary to assess
The traditional fertilization practices
The available urban organic matters and their agronomic
characteristics
Fertilization constraints and altenatives
Valorisation of urban wastes from urban livestock, from
agro-industries, or domestic wastes.
Context
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Materials and methods
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Materials & Methods
• The study site : Mahajanga– Dry tropical climate– Main plant production : leafy
vegetables
• Conceptual model of technical decision– Samples of market gardening
farms (12)– Record weekly cultural operations
during two years– Verify on a larger sample (30)
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Results and discussion
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LakesLowlands
Farming systems of market production systems
Unit of crop management : plot of 12-14m²
Lake : 120 beds (1680 m²)
Depressions: 400-1200 m²Crops dominated by Brassicaceae family
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FotsitahoBrassica campestris amplexicaulis
Anantsonga Brassica campestris peruviridis
Felimafana Acmella oleracea
Anamamy Solanum nigrum
Petsaï Brassica campestris pekinensis
Salady Lactuca sativa
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• Labor force: mainly manual and familial
• Vegetables sold in the urban markets of Mahajanga – sold through female
retailers, chemical fertilizers suppliers
– exclusive source of vegetables supply
Farming systems of market production systems
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Planning fertilization of « Anantsonga »(short cycle species)
Organic matter1 gony/bedAnd Urea
1 kapoaka/bed
Soil tillageTransplantation or sowing (CYCLE 1)
101011 55 21211515
Urea0,5-1 kp
Harvest
DayDay
Soil tillageTransplantation or sowing (CYCLE 2)
101055 21211515
Cycle 1
HarvestFertilization
Fertilization
Fertilization Fertilization
Organic matter1 gony/bedAnd Urea
1 kapoaka/bed
Urea0,5-1 kp
Cycle 2
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Planning fertilization of « Anantsonga »(short cycle species)
Soil tillageTransplantation or sowing (CYCLE 1)
101011 55 21211515
Urea 275 g/bed
Harvest
DayDay
Soil tillageTransplantation or sowing (CYCLE 2)
101055 21211515
Cycle 1
HarvestFertilization
Fertilization
Fertilization Fertilization
Cycle 2
Fresh manure : 18- 24kg, 1.7kg/m2N (manure): 12mg/g to 29mg/g Urea : 275g/bed: 100kg/ha
Urea 275 g/bed
Fresh manure : 18- 24kg, 1.7kg/m2N (manure): 12mg/g to 29mg/g Urea : 275g/bed: 100kg/ha
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Manure application
• Fertilizer for the current cycle: growing vegetables in width
• Mulch effect (fundamental) : water limited , irrigation entirely
manual,
• Amendment for the rice crops
Organic and mineral fertilizers functions according to farmers
Urea application
• First supply: plant growth in high
• Second supply: green color
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•Work organization = no time to look for organic matter and depend to go-between mens
•Availability on the local market of these fertilizers :
•Frequently lacking during the season
•Organic matters: lacking in the main months (June to August) : demand > offer
•Capacity of farmers to buy and/or to apply it :
Farmers determinants
•No investment capacity : vegetables cycles in April: money /fertilizers for following cycles.
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Conclusions
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Conclusion
• Complexity of the role of fertilizers– Fertilizer, amendment and soil water conservation– Role or mineral fertilizer : plant growth and plant quality
(green color)
• Importance of livestocks for soil fetility • Constrains of livestokcs- Forage quantity and quality- Urbanization: animal sent far from city/market garden- Available manure<<farmers’demand
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• Assessment – Capacity to substitute functions– Interaction between mineral and organic product– Economic consideration – Social acceptability– Characterization
Conclusion
• Alternatives– Using town organic ressources in cropping systems– Inventory of other organic resources from domestic
urban waste, Agro industries wastes, Fisheries wastes