marine macroalgae
DESCRIPTION
Marine Macroalgae. Primary Producers. Prokaryotes (photosynthetic & chemosynthetic) Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Eukaryotes (photosynthetic) Kingdom Protista Unicellular algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids) Multicellular algae (green, brown, red) Kingdom Plantae - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Marine Macroalgae
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Primary Producers Prokaryotes (photosynthetic & chemosynthetic)
Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea
Eukaryotes (photosynthetic) Kingdom Protista
Unicellular algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids)
Multicellular algae (green, brown, red) Kingdom Plantae
Seagrasses Salt marsh plants Mangroves
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Macroalgae
Are not plants (are in Kingdom Protista)
http://atlasveg.ib.usp.br/English/focara.html
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Macroalgae
Bull kelp, Washington
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Macroalgae
Three kinds: Chlorophyta (green) Phaeophyta (brown) Rhodophyta (red)
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mex/background/seaweeds/seaweeds.html
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Chlorophytes
Mostly freshwater (only 10% species are marine) Chlorophyll a & b
← Sea lettuce (Ulva)
Gutweed (Enteromorpha)
Dead Man’s Fingers (Codium)
Long Islandtypes
http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu:8080/FlaxPondDigitalLibrary/2004/images/FPDL20040094.jpg
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Bubble green algae
Chlorophytes
http://ocean.si.edu/sites/default/files/imagecache/750xX/photos/Ventricaria-ventricosaFS_1.jpg
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/Algae%20and%20Plt%20Pix/Green%20Algae/Dictyospheria/dicty.jpg
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Calcareous green algae: Acetabularia,Penicillus, Halimeda
http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~scharler/mangnets/SppListMAcroAlgae.htm
http://coexploration.org/bbsr/coral/assets/images/acetabularia.jpg
Chlorophytes
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Calcareous green algae plates become large part of sediment
Chlorophytes
http://coralreefsystems.org/sites/coralreefsystems.org/files/u8/halimeda_sand_350.jpg
http://coralreefsystems.org/sites/coralreefsystems.org/files/u8/halimeda-opuntia2_350.jpg
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Chlorophyll a & c, fucoxanthin (yellow-brown pigment) Almost all species are marine Most live in temperate to cold water
Phaeophytes
Rockweed (Fucus) Knotted wrack (Ascophyllum)http://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/41979.jpg
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Phaeophytes
Gulfweed (Sargassum) and Sargasso Sea
http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/teach/images/open_orgs/sargassum.jpghttp://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/1008/wireweed-close-up-490_35195_1.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/31124758@N00/37043533/lightbox/ http://floridasportfishing.com/magazine/images/stories/tips-tales/weedline-wonders3.jpg
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Phaeophytes
Gulfweed (Sargassum) inhabitants
http://ocean.si.edu/slideshow/world-adrift-life-sargassum
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Kelp Communities
North Atlantic kelps:
Blades up to 40 ft long in deeper water Found in lower intertidal and subtidal zones
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Kelp Communities
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Galleries/weedgallery.htm
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Kelp Communities
US West Coast and elsewhere – giant kelp (Macrocystis)
gas sacs – pneumatocysts
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Kelp Communities
Stipes to up to 100 m length (330 ft) Grow fast, up to 50 cm/day (=20 in/day) Blades, stipes form canopy when reach the surface – blocks light below
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Kelp Communities
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Kelp Communities
http://blackcormorant.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/kelpurchins_415_030.jpghttp://www.otterproject.org/atf/cf/%7B1032ABCB-19F9-4CB6-8364-2F74F73B3013%7D/Otter_image4.jpg
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Kelp Communities
http://sbc.lternet.edu/sites/biome_kelpforest.html
When otter populations decline, urchins increase Urchins overgraze, cut through holdfasts, stipes Kelp sent adrift, strand on beach Bottom left barren
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More species than green and brown algae combined Almost all species are marine More in subtropics and tropics Chlorophyll a & d, phycobilins (red pigment)
Rhodophytes
http://www.freakinfucus.co.uk/primers/thumbs/chon_2.jpg
Irish moss (Chondrus)
(Gracilaria)
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Shallow to deep (200m)
Rhodophytes
75m (225 ft) 100m (300 ft)
NOAA
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Coralline/calcareous (CaCO3) – erect and encrusting forms
Rhodophytes
http://www.saltwater-aquarium-online-guide.com/image-files/coralline.jpg
NOAA
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Coralline/calcareous (CaCO3) – Goniolithon shoals
Rhodophytes
http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5068/5645284780_27bf5a99f6_b.jpg
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Food – raw, cooked, dry Laver (Porphyra) – nori in sushi Dulse (Palmaria) - dried Wakame – seaweed salad, miso soup
Important Algae
http://www.algaebase.org
http://landsofwisdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/dulse.jpg
http://www.seaweedsalad.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/10/files/2012/01/japanese-seaweed-salad.jpg
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Commercial uses - stabilize, emulsify, thicken
Algin, alginate from giant kelp Carrageenan from Irish moss Agar from various red algae
Important Algae
http://www.functionalps.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/b.jpghttp://site.innovationestore.com/images/image-310.php?id=70200748229