marine ecosystems
DESCRIPTION
Marine Ecosystems. A brief overview of different marine ecosystems . Marine Environments and Habitats. Habitat – the place or “home” in which an organism is typically found Environment – the total surroundings of living things - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Marine EcosystemsA brief overview of different
marine ecosystems
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Marine Environments and Habitats• Habitat – the place or “home” in
which an organism is typically found• Environment – the total surroundings
of living things• The oceans have many
environments, some coastal and some out at sea
• Environments have 2 components – living and nonliving
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Living Components of Environments• These are the biological aspects of
environments, having to do with living things
• These things are called “biotic” things and the living things within environments are called “biota”
• For example, a coral reefs biota consists of algae, fish, crustaceans, cnidarians, sponges, bacteria, etc. Anything living that inhabits the area
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Nonliving Components of Environments• The nonliving aspects of environments are
the physical and chemical parts that make up the environment
• These are the “abiotic” things• For example, the abiotic aspects of a coral
reef are the water chemistry, light, temperature, salinity, and pressure
• It is the interactions between the biotic and abiotic factors that characterize environments!
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Identify Some Biotic Factors
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Biotic Factors• Fish• Sea stars• Predators
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Identify Some Abiotic Factors
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Abiotic Factors• Salinity of the
water• Sunlight• Weather/Climate• Nutrient
availability• Waves
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Different Marine Life Zones (A Review)
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Life Zones Review
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Sandy Beach Environment
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The Sandy Beach Environment• Made up of small sand, crashing
waves and exposed to fresh water from rain and runoff
• Has distinct zonation of life, contains small organisms adapted to sandy environments (such as the mole crab and surf clam)
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Rocky Coasts (Ex: Our West Coast)
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Rocky Coast• Greatly affected by
tides• Crashing waves• Ice in higher
latitudes• Intense sunlight in
tropic regions• Fresh water runoff
which can contain a lot of minerals and lots of dissolved gas
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Rocky Coasts continued• During high tides the intertidal zone
is exposed to ocean grazers• During low tide it is exposed to
terrestrial (land) grazers• Large quantity of food available
because of the high level of nutrient availability
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Estuary Environments• An estuary is an area where fresh
and salt water mix (brackish – mixture of salt and fresh water)
• Usually occurs along coasts near rivers.
• Affected by tides
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Birds Eye
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Estuarine Salt Marshes
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Estuarine Salt Marshes• Costal region that is affected by the
tides• Can potentially have extreme
temperature changes• Generally calm waters• Fresh and salt water mix in this area
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Estuarine Salt Marshes Continued• Has a lot of decaying material• High primary productivity• Many marsh grasses, hermit crabs,
shrimp, eels and ducks• Act as nurseries
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Mud flats
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Mudflats• Characterized by dark, muddy sand
and no marsh grasses• Very little wave action so the sands
are poorly aerated
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Mud flats• Decaying material tends to
accumulate – Kind of a graveyard– Causes a gross, rotten egg smell if you
disturb the sand• Home to lots of scavengers
– Mud snails, blood worms…
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Mangroves
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Mangrove• Found in tropical
regions• Affected by the
tides• Water may be
brackish (mixing salt and fresh water) in some mangrove environments
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Mangroves Cont.• Mangrove trees are dominant
– Form an intricate system of tangled prop roots
– Serves as a nursery for fish• Lots of decaying materials• Barnacles, snails, crabs and fish are typical
of this environment
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Coral reefs• Found in warm environments• Clear, nutrient poor water• High wave energy environments
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Corals Continued• Coral polyps
create oddly shaped crevices which fish can hide and live in– Acts a nursery
and protects them from predators
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Corals Continued• Has a high
level of biodiversity (number of species)
• Parrot fish, sharks, butterfly fish and corals are typical of this environment
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Brochure assignment• You will be assigned the
zone/ecosystem your group will be doing.