marijuana medicada epilepsia

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Stratospheric Rise of Medical Marijuana in Epilepsy The stratospheric rise of medical marijuana as a possible recognized treatment for epilepsy, now underway, is an example of what can be achieved through the sharing of personal stories on the Internet and social media, according to a leading expert in the field. Daniel Friedman, MD, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, is a coauthor a review article, "Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Epilepsy," published in the September 10 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. "It is a very interesting mix of science, politics, and social phenomena which has moved medical marijuana to the forefront of treatment for severe drug-resistant epilepsy," he commented to Medscape Medical News. "Two years ago the epilepsy community wasn't really seriously considering this as an option. But it has now really taken off." Dr Friedman noted that the idea that marijuana may be useful for epilepsy has been around for centuries. "It was used medicinally in ancient China and by Victorian neurologists for seizures, but it has never been properly scientifically studied. That is now happening. "This has come about because individuals have shared anecdotal experiences about its effectiveness in children with severe intractable epilepsy on the Internet and these have spread across the globe," he added. "Once it became 'out there,' families have been clamoring for access to the product and we have had to pay attention. That is why medical marijuana is being legalized and studies are finally being done." But in the review, Dr Friedman and his coauthor, Orrin Devinsky, MD, also from NYU Langone School of Medicine, caution that it is of the utmost importance that the double-blind, randomized studies now underway are completed. "The use of medical cannabis for the treatment of epilepsy could go the way of vitamin and nutritional supplements, for which the science never caught up to the hype and was drowned out by unverified claims, sensational testimonials, and clever marketing," they write. Two cannabinoid pharmaceutical products are under study in randomized trials. These are Epidiolex (GW Pharma), a purified cannabis extract containing 99% cannabidiol (the constituent believed to have the antiseizure effect) and less than 0.10% tetrahydrocannabinol (the psychoactive component) and a synthetic cannabinoid from Insys Pharmaceuticals. Dr Friedman and Dr Devinsky are both involved in a double-blind, phase 2/3 trial of Epidiolex in children with Dravet syndrome a treatment-resistant form of childhood epilepsy from which initial results are expected within the next year. "Watch This Space" "It's very much 'watch this space' at the moment," Dr Friedman commented to Medscape Medical News. "There is emerging evidence on efficacy. The preclinical evidence is reasonably strong for cannabidiol, similar to that for a new pharmaceutical for epilepsy. The clinical data are still early. So far the studies have been small and methodologically flawed, but results are encouraging." The most recent study presented at this year's American Academy of Neurology meeting suggested that 40% of patients with severe epilepsy refractory to therapy had a 50% reduction in seizures with

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Page 1: marijuana medicada epilepsia

Stratospheric Rise of Medical Marijuana in Epilepsy

The stratospheric rise of medical marijuana as a possible recognized treatment for epilepsy, now

underway, is an example of what can be achieved through the sharing of personal stories on the Internet

and social media, according to a leading expert in the field.

Daniel Friedman, MD, New York University (NYU) Langone School of Medicine, is a coauthor a review

article, "Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Epilepsy," published in the September 10 issue of The New

England Journal of Medicine.

"It is a very interesting mix of science, politics, and social phenomena which has moved medical

marijuana to the forefront of treatment for severe drug-resistant epilepsy," he commented to Medscape

Medical News. "Two years ago the epilepsy community wasn't really seriously considering this as an

option. But it has now really taken off."

Dr Friedman noted that the idea that marijuana may be useful for epilepsy has been around for centuries. "It

was used medicinally in ancient China and by Victorian neurologists for seizures, but it has never been

properly scientifically studied. That is now happening.

"This has come about because individuals have shared anecdotal experiences about its effectiveness in

children with severe intractable epilepsy on the Internet and these have spread across the globe," he

added. "Once it became 'out there,' families have been clamoring for access to the product and we have had

to pay attention. That is why medical marijuana is being legalized and studies are finally being done."

But in the review, Dr Friedman and his coauthor, Orrin Devinsky, MD, also from NYU Langone

School of Medicine, caution that it is of the utmost importance that the double-blind, randomized

studies now underway are completed.

"The use of medical cannabis for the treatment of epilepsy could go the way of vitamin and nutritional

supplements, for which the science never caught up to the hype and was drowned out by unverified

claims, sensational testimonials, and clever marketing," they write.

Two cannabinoid pharmaceutical products are under study in randomized trials. These are Epidiolex (GW

Pharma), a purified cannabis extract containing 99% cannabidiol (the constituent believed to have the

antiseizure effect) and less than 0.10% tetrahydrocannabinol (the psychoactive component) and a

synthetic cannabinoid from Insys Pharmaceuticals.

Dr Friedman and Dr Devinsky are both involved in a double-blind, phase 2/3 trial of Epidiolex in children

with Dravet syndrome — a treatment-resistant form of childhood epilepsy — from which initial results are

expected within the next year.

"Watch This Space"

"It's very much 'watch this space' at the moment," Dr Friedman commented to Medscape Medical News.

"There is emerging evidence on efficacy. The preclinical evidence is reasonably strong for cannabidiol, similar

to that for a new pharmaceutical for epilepsy. The clinical data are still early. So far the studies have been

small and methodologically flawed, but results are encouraging."

The most recent study — presented at this year's American Academy of Neurology meeting — suggested

that 40% of patients with severe epilepsy refractory to therapy had a 50% reduction in seizures with

Page 2: marijuana medicada epilepsia

Epidiolex. "But this was an open study, so not as scientifically rigorous as we would like," Dr Friedman

cautioned.

He highlighted the additional difficulties in making randomized trials happen with cannabinoid products.

"There are regulatory issues because these are all schedule I compounds they have many restrictions, so

clinical trials have too many additional layers of regulatory bureaucracy," he said. "Then there is the

issue of public perception: there is a disconnect between what we know about efficacy from scientific

literature and what the public perceive the evidence to be. Many states have legalized medical marijuana

for several conditions, including epilepsy, so there is the perception that it has been proven to work, but this

is not the case. I worry about the high expectations — this could confound clinical trial results by leading

to a very high placebo response."

Dr Friedman said he doesn't disagree with the legalization per se. "Families with children with severe drug-

resistant epilepsy are looking for options and I don't oppose them trying medical marijuana under the care

of a physician, but they need counseling that there is not a good level of scientific evidence yet."

Variability in Regulation

He also pointed out a problem with the variability in the regulation of cannabinoid products available. "In

some states there is a high degree of regulation with external testing of products to verify the

cannabidiol/THC content. But in other states, it is left to the individual dispensaries to stipulate the content

and there is no external validation, so you can't be sure what you're getting," he said. "It's a bit like health

supplements — a product may say it contains 1000 units of vitamin C but when tested it often has

nowhere near this amount in it."

Dr Friedman noted that other products derived from hemp are legally available on the Internet and are

touted as having a high cannabinoid content, "but a recent FDA [Food and Drug Administration] analysis of

some of these products found big discrepancies in this and some contained no cannabinoids at all."

He said his advice to patients has evolved, and he now recommends that if they haven't exhausted proven

effective therapies, they pursue agents that are known to work and have a well-understood benefit/risk

profile. "But for patients who have exhausted such therapeutic options and can access cannabinoids, I

would advise them to have a discussion with their physician about whether such an approach would be

appropriate for them."

He noted that most patients can now access some form of cannabinoid product, with medical marijuana

now available in 23 US states and patients everywhere able to access hemp products via the Internet.

In their review, however, Dr Friedman and Dr Devinsky conclude, "Only double-blind, placebo-

controlled, randomized clinical trials in which consistent preparations of one or more cannabinoids are used

can provide reliable information on safety and efficacy.

"If randomized clinical trials show that specific cannabinoids are unsafe or ineffective, those preparations

should not be available," they add. "If studies show that specific cannabinoids are safe and effective, those

preparations should be approved and made readily available."

Dr Friedman has received fees for serving on an advisory board for Marinus Pharmaceuticals and

consulting fees from Eisai, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, SK Biopharmaceuticals, Upsher-Smith

Laboratories, and Pfizer, all of which were paid to the Epilepsy Study Consortium.

Page 3: marijuana medicada epilepsia

TRADUCCION

AUMENTO ESTRATOSFÉRICO DE MARIHUANA MEDICINAL EN LA EPILEPSIA

El ascenso estratosférico de la marihuana medicinal como un posible tratamiento reconocido para la

epilepsia, ahora en marcha, es un ejemplo de lo que puede lograrse mediante el intercambio de

historias personales en los medios de comunicación de Internet y sociales, según un experto líder en

el campo.

Daniel Friedman, MD, de la Universidad de Nueva York (NYU) Escuela Langone de Medicina, es

una co autor de un artículo de revisión, "Los cannabinoides en el tratamiento de la epilepsia",

publicado en la edición del 10 de septiembre del New England Journal of Medicine.

"Es una mezcla muy interesante de la ciencia, la política y los fenómenos sociales que se ha movido

la marihuana medicinal a la vanguardia del tratamiento de la epilepsia severa resistente a fármacos",

comentó a Medscape Medical News. "Hace dos años la comunidad de la epilepsia no era realmente

serio considerando esto como una opción. Pero ahora ha tenido tanto éxito."

Dr. Friedman señaló que la idea de que la marihuana puede ser útil para la epilepsia ha existido

durante siglos. "Fue usado medicinalmente en la antigua China y por neurólogos victorianas para

las convulsiones, pero nunca se ha estudiado adecuadamente científicamente. Eso está sucediendo

ahora.

"Esto ha ocurrido porque las personas han compartido experiencias anecdóticas sobre su eficacia en

niños con epilepsia intratable severa en Internet y éstas se han extendido por todo el mundo",

añadió. "Una vez que quedó" ahí fuera ", las familias han estado clamando por el acceso al producto

y que han tenido que prestar atención. Es por eso que la marihuana medicinal se está legalizado y,

finalmente, se están haciendo los estudios."

Sin embargo, en la revisión, el Dr. Friedman y su coautor, Orrin Devinsky, MD, también de NYU

Langone Escuela de Medicina, advierten que es de suma importancia que el estudio doble ciego,

estudios aleatorios en curso se han completado.

"El uso de cannabis medicinal para el tratamiento de la epilepsia podría seguir el camino de

suplementos vitamínicos y nutricionales, para el cual la ciencia nunca fue arrebatado hasta el

bombo y fue ahogada por las afirmaciones no verificadas, testimonios sensacionales y marketing

inteligente", escriben.

Dos cannabinoides productos farmacéuticos se encuentran en estudio en ensayos aleatorios. Estos

son Epidiolex (GW Pharma), un extracto de cannabis purificado que contiene 99% cannabidiol (el

constituyente cree que tienen el efecto anticonvulsivo) y menos de 0,10% de tetrahidrocannabinol

(el componente psicoactivo) y un cannabinoide sintético a partir de Insys farmacéuticos.

Dr. Friedman y el Dr. Devinsky están ambos implicados en un estudio doble ciego, de fase 2/3 de

prueba de Epidiolex en los niños con síndrome de Dravet - una forma resistente al tratamiento de la

epilepsia infantil - de la que se espera que los primeros resultados en el próximo año.

"Mira este espacio"

"Es mucho 'ver este espacio" en este momento, "el Dr. Friedman comentó a Medscape Medical

News. "Hay evidencia emergente sobre la eficacia. La evidencia preclínica es razonablemente fuerte

para el cannabidiol, similar a la de un nuevo medicamento para la epilepsia. Los datos clínicos son

Page 4: marijuana medicada epilepsia

aún es pronto. Hasta ahora los estudios han sido pequeños y defectos metodológicos, pero los

resultados son alentadores. "

El estudio más reciente - presentado en la Academia Americana de Neurología reunión de este año -

sugiere que el 40% de los pacientes con epilepsia severa refractaria a la terapia tuvo una reducción

del 50% de las incautaciones con Epidiolex. "Pero este fue un estudio abierto, por lo que no es tan

científicamente rigurosa como nos gustaría", el Dr. Friedman advirtió.

Destacó las dificultades adicionales en la fabricación de los ensayos aleatorios ocurren con los

productos de cannabinoides.

"Hay cuestiones reglamentarias ya que estos son todos los compuestos de la Lista I que tienen

muchas restricciones, por lo que los ensayos clínicos tienen demasiadas capas adicionales de

burocracia regulatoria", dijo. "Luego está el tema de la percepción pública:. Hay una desconexión

entre lo que sabemos acerca de la eficacia de la literatura científica y lo que el público percibe la

evidencia que muchos estados han legalizado la marihuana medicinal por varias condiciones,

incluyendo la epilepsia, por lo que no es la percepción de que se ha demostrado que funciona, pero

esto no es el caso me preocupo por las altas expectativas - esto podría confundir a los resultados de

ensayos clínicos al conducir a una respuesta muy alta placebo ".

Dr. Friedman dijo que no está en desacuerdo con la legalización de por sí. "Las familias con niños

con severa epilepsia resistente a fármacos están buscando opciones y yo no se oponen a ellos

tratando de marihuana médica bajo el cuidado de un médico, pero que necesitan consejería que

todavía no existe un buen nivel de evidencia científica."

La variabilidad en el Reglamento

También señaló un problema con la variabilidad en la regulación de los productos cannabinoides

disponibles. "En algunos estados hay un alto grado de regulación con las pruebas externas de

productos para verificar el cannabidiol / contenido de THC. Pero en otros estados, se deja a los

dispensarios individuales para estipular el contenido y no hay validación externa, por lo que puede 't

estar seguro de lo que está recibiendo ", dijo. "Es un poco como suplementos para la salud - un

producto puede decir que contiene 1000 unidades de vitamina C, pero cuando se prueba que tiene a

menudo muy lejos de esta cantidad en el mismo."

Dr. Friedman señaló que otros productos derivados del cáñamo son legalmente disponibles en

Internet y se promociona como tener un alto contenido de cannabinoides ", pero un análisis reciente

de la FDA [Food and Drug Administration] de algunos de estos productos encontraron grandes

discrepancias en esto y algunos contenidos no hay cannabinoides en absoluto. "

Dijo que su consejo a los pacientes ha evolucionado, y ahora recomienda que si no han agotado las

terapias de probada eficacia, que persiguen los agentes que se sabe que funcionan y tienen un perfil

de riesgo / beneficio bien entendida. "Sin embargo, para los pacientes que han agotado esas

opciones terapéuticas y pueden acceder a los cannabinoides, aconsejaría a tener una discusión con

su médico acerca de si este enfoque sería apropiado para ellos."

Señaló que la mayoría de los pacientes pueden ahora acceder a algún tipo de producto de

cannabinoides, con la marihuana medicinal ya está disponible en 23 estados de Estados Unidos y de

los pacientes de todo el mundo pueden acceder a productos de cáñamo a través de Internet.

Page 5: marijuana medicada epilepsia

En su opinión, sin embargo, el Dr. Friedman y el Dr. Devinsky concluyen, "Sólo los ensayos de

doble ciego, controlados con placebo aleatorios clínicos en los que se utilizan los preparados

consistentes de uno o varios cannabinoides puede proporcionar información fiable sobre seguridad

y eficacia.

"Si los ensayos clínicos aleatorios muestran que los cannabinoides específicos son inseguros o

ineficaces, las preparaciones que no deben estar disponibles", añaden. "Si los estudios demuestran

que los cannabinoides específicos son seguros y eficaces, esas preparaciones deben ser aprobados y

pongan a disposición."

Dr. Friedman ha recibido honorarios por servir en un consejo asesor para Marinus farmacéuticos y

consultar las tarifas de Eisai, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, SK biofarmacéuticos, Upsher-Smith

Laboratories, y Pfizer, todos los cuales fueron pagados al Consorcio Estudio de Epilepsia.