mariano fernández lópez &asunción gómez pérez the integration of ontoclean in webode...

Mariano Fernández López &Asunción Gómez Pérez The integration of OntoClean in WebODE

The integration of OntoClean in WebODE

Mariano Fernández-López

Asunción Gómez-Pérez

Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Technical University of Madrid (UPM)

Spain


Outline

1. Introduction

2. OntoClean

3. WebODE

4. ODEClean

5. Conclusions


Introduction. Ontology evaluation

As ontologies move from academic institutions into commercial environments they have to fulfil stronger requirements (e.g. concerning correctness, consistency, completeness, conciseness, etc.)

The evaluation is a key activity in ontology development

Gómez Pérez’s approach

Approaches

Gómez-Pérez, A. “Evaluation of Ontologies”. International Journal of Intelligent Systems. 16(3). March, 2001.

Kalfoglou and colleagues’ approach

Y.Kalfoglou, D.Robertson. "Managing Ontological Constraints", In Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods (KRR5), Stockholm, Sweden, August 1999.

OntoClean

Welty, C.; Guarino, N. Supporting Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. Data and Knowledge Engineering. September 2001.


Introduction. Ontology evaluation with METHONTOLOGY

Most of the ontology development methodologies include an evaluation activity

METHONTOLOGY proposes to evaluate the ontology during its whole life cycle

Fernández-López, M.; Gómez-Pérez, A.; Pazos, J.; Pazos, A. Building a Chemical Ontology using methontology and the Ontology Design Environment. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their applications. #4 (1):37-45. 1999.

WebODE is the workbench that gives technological support to some activities of METHONTOLOGY

Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Vicente, O. WebODE: an integrated workbench for ontology representation, reasoning and exchange. 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management EKAW02. 2002.


Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean

METHONTOLOGY does not propose a set of design principles that guide the development of taxonomic knowledge and methods to clean tangled taxonomies.

We have integrated OntoClean in METHONTOLOGY



METHONTOLOGY OntoClean

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Metothologies

Software

Methodology integration

OntoClean

Software building

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

OntoClean

OntoCleanmodule




WebODE

Methodologies

Software

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Metothologies

Software


OntoClean

Software building

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

OntoClean

MóduloOntoClean

Fernández-López, M.; Gómez-Pérez, A.; Guarino, N. 2001. “The Methontology & OntoClean merge”. Technical Report, OntoWeb special interest group on Enterprise-standards Ontology Environments. Amsterdam. 2001



Specification Conceptualization Maintenance

Development activities

Support activities

Knowledge acquisition

Evaluation

Documentation

Configuration Management

Formalization

Integration

Implementation

Management activities

Scheduling Control

Quality assurance

OntoClean inclusion



WebODE

Methodologies

Software

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Metothologies

Software


OntoClean

Software building

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

OntoClean

OntoCleanmodule

OntoClean


OntoCleanOntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is a method to clean taxonomies according to notions such as: rigidity, identity and unity.

Top level of universals

Is useful to obtain

Step 1, step 2, ...

Method steps

Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy to be evaluated:

•Associated to rigidity: is rigid, is anti-rigid or is non-rigid

•Associated to identity: carries identity criterion or supplies identity criterion

•Associated to unity: carries unity (..........)

Are useful to apply

obtain

Cleaned taxonomy

Tangled taxonomy

Has to be cleaned


OntoClean meta-propertiesOntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is a method to clean taxonomies according to notions such as: rigidity, identity and unity.


Is useful to obtain

Step 1, step 2, ...

Method steps





Are useful to apply

obtain

Cleaned taxonomy

Tangled taxonomy

Has to be cleaned


OntoClean metaproperties associated to the rigidity notion

Essence: a property is essential to an individual if and only if necessarily holds for that individual

John is necessarily a person

Rigidity

A property is rigid (+R) if and only if is necessarily essential to all its instances

A property is non-rigid (-R) if and only if it is not essential to some of its instances,

A property is anti-rigid (~R) if and only if it is not essential to all its instances.

Person is an essential property for every individual

John is not necessarily a student


We can say that an individual is a whole if and only if it is made by a set of parts unified by a relation R.

British Airways is a whole unified by the relation has president

Unity (aprox. definition)

A property P is said to carry unity (+U) if there is a common unifying relation R such that all the instances of P are wholes under R

Enterprise-with-president carries unity since has president is the relation that unifies every instance

OntoClean metaproperties associated to the unity notion




Is useful to obtain

Step 1, step 2, ...

Method steps




•Associated to unity: carries unity

Are useful to apply

obtain

Cleaned taxonomy

Tangled taxonomy

Has to be cleaned


top level of particulars

car traveller

my car John Smith

instance of instance of

PARTICULARS

UNIVERSALS

subclass ofsubclass of

instance ofinstance of

type role

top level of universals



Top level of universals to obtain meta-properties

top level of particulars

car traveller

my car John Smith

instance of instance of

PARTICULARS

UNIVERSALS

subclass ofsubclass of

instance ofinstance of

type role

top level of universals

Every type is rigid

Car is a type

Car is rigid


OntoClean method steps


Is useful to obtain

Step 1, step 2, ...

Method steps





Are useful to apply

obtain

Cleaned taxonomy

Tangled taxonomy

Has to be cleaned


1) Put tags to every property assigning meta-properties

PHYSICAL OBJECT

FRUIT

FOOD

-D+O+U-R

-D+O+U+R

+D+I-O~U~R


AMOUNT OF MATTER

-D+O+U+R

-D+O-U+R


2) Focus just on the rigid properties (backbone taxonomy)


PHYSICAL OBJECT

FRUIT

FOOD

-D+O+U-R

-D+O+U+R

+D+I-O~U~R

AMOUNT OF MATTER

-D+O+U+R

-D+O-U+R


3) Evaluate the taxonomy taking into account cleaning axioms. For example, “a property carrying anti-unity has to be disjoint of a property carrying unity”


PHYSICAL OBJECT

FRUIT

FOOD

-D+O+U-R

-D+O+U+R

+D+I-O~U~R

AMOUNT OF MATTER

-D+O+U+R

-D+O-U+R

Physical object carries a unity criterion and amount of matter does not


4) Consider non-rigid properties

5) Complete the taxonomy with other concepts and relations




WebODE

Methodologies

Software

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Metothologies

Software


OntoClean

Software building

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

OntoClean

OntoCleanmodule

WebODE


WebODE



WebODE

Methodologies

Software

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Metothologies

Software


OntoClean

Software building

METHONTOLOGY

WebODE

Methodologies

Software

OntoClean

OntoCleanmodule

OntoClean module


OntoClean module

•ODEClean functions

•ODEClean building

•ODEClean internal work


ODEClean functions





ODEClean functions

•Establishing the evaluation mode •Assigning meta-properties to concepts •Focusing on rigid properties •Evaluation according to the taxonomic constraints


Form-based web for ODEClean


OntoDesigner for evaluating taxonomies following OntoClean


Errors detected by ODEClean


ODEClean building





ODEClean building

Top level ofUniversals

+Meta-properties

+Evaluation axioms

Step 1. ODEClean’s ontology building

Step 2. Translation into Prolog of ODEClean’s ontology

ODEClean’s ontology in

Prolog

ODEClean’s ontology

User interface

Communication with the rest of

WebODE

Step 3. Building of the rest of the system

ODECLEAN


Example of axiom introduced in ODEClean ontology


ODEClean internal work





ODEClean internal work

ENRICHED TOP LEVEL OF UNIVERSALS

PROPERTY

Carries identity criterion: booleanSupplies identity criterion: booleanCarries anti-unity: booleanCarries unity: booleanIs dependent: booleanIs anti rigid: booleanIs rigid: boolean

The rest ofthe top levelof universals

APPLE

Carries identity criterion: yesSupplies identity criterion: yesCarries anti-unity: noCarries unity: yesIs dependent: noIs anti rigid: noIs rigid: yes

Instance of

FOOD

Carries identity criterion: yesSupplies identity criterion: noCarries anti-unity: yesCarries unity: noIs dependent: yesIs anti rigid: yesIs rigid: no

Instance of

Subclass of

ONTOLOGY IN PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT


Conclusions

1. Introduction

2. OntoClean

5. WebODE

6. ODEClean

7. Conclusions


Conclusions

•We provide software support for a methodology which was applied by hand

•We have carried out an integration at the methodological level before performing it at the software level •An ontology built by a group that has not participated in the development of WebODE has been introduced in WebODE and enriched •The knowledge used to evaluate ontologies is declaratively specified


The integration of OntoClean in WebODE

Mariano Fernández-López

Asunción Gómez-Pérez

Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Technical University of Madrid (UPM)

Spain

mariano fernández lópez &asunción gómez pérez the integration of ontoclean in webode...

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