marcet boiler report

7/23/2019 Marcet Boiler Report

1/20

MARCET BOILER

Name: GABRIEL HII JIA ENN

Student ID: 0321318

Gru! Mem"er#:

C$an %an&

Lau Ru' Han&

L'm L' (a

S)$* + En&'neer'n&

Ta,*r-# .n'/er#'t,

Ma*a,#'a

220201

Date + E!er'ment: 14t$A!r'* 201

Re!rt due date: 30t$ A!r'* 201

Re!rt #u"m'##'n date:

C$e)5ed ",: Mr6 Te7 H#'en Ln&

Itemmar5#

rmat10

A"#tra)t and Intrdu)t'n10

'&ure# and D'a&ram#1

Mater'a*# and Met$d10

Re#u*t# D'#)u##'n#

Re+eren)e#10

Tta*

1


2/20

Table of Contents

A"#tra)t9999999999999999699999999666 3

160 Intrdu)t'n9999999999999999999999 3

260 E!er'menta* De#'&n

261 Ma'n a!!aratu# and 't# )m!nent#99999999969

262 Met$d#999999999999999999999 4

263 r)edure9999999999999999999966 ;

360 Re#u*t# and D'#)u##'n

361 Data Ta"u*at'n9999999999999999996 8

362 Gra!$# 66699999999996669999999999 12

363 Ca*)u*at'n#9999999999999999999666 13

36 D'#)u##'n999999999999999999996 1

60 Errr Ana*,#'#9999999999999999999996 14

60 Cn)*u#'n 99999999966699999999999966 1;

460 Re+eren)e# 966666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 18

ABSTRACT

2


3/20

T$e e!er'ment ut'*' t$e 'n)n#'#ten), +

mea#ured #*!e ))ur# "et7een 3005a and 005a 'nter/a* 7$')$ 't '# #$7n n &ra!$ 362636

La#t*,> t$e e!er'ment data )an "e 'm!r/ed ", ta5'n& +e7 !re)aut'n#> #u)$ a# eam'nat'n +

a!!aratu#- )nd't'n# and re!et't'n + e!er'ment !r)edure#6

1.0 INTRODUCTION

T$ermd,nam')# '# t$e #!e)'+') #tud, + 'nter)$an&e +r "t$ $eat and 7r5 ener&,

a)r## 't# #,#tem "undar, t 't# #urrund'n and /')e /er#a6 A# a &'/en #,#tem &e# t$ru&$ a

!r)e## 7$ere", 't a*ter# t$e !r!ert'e# + +*u'd> t$e 'dea* &a#e# tend t +**7 t$e

t$ermd,nam') *a7 #tated ", u#'n& t$e e=uat'n + #tate 'nter*'n5ed 7't$ !re##ure> den#'t, r

#!e)'+') /*ume> m*e)u*e ma##> a"#*ute tem!erature and &a# )n#tant> R6 T$e e=uat'n + #tate

t$at a!!*'ed n m#t t$ermd,nam')# #u"#tan)e# '# 5n7n a#:

PV=mRT

M

On t$e t$er $and> rea* &a#e# are #u"e)ted ", /ar'u# a#!e)t# "e,nd t$e ne)e##ar,

)n#'derat'n# re*ated t t$e )$an&e# + 'dea* &a#e#6 Hen)e> 't '# n *n&er #u"e)ted t a"#*ute&/ernan)e ", t$e e=uat'n + #tate un*e## t$ere '# !re#en)e + m'nr md'+')at'n# 7't$'n 't t

a!!*, n !ur!#e# "a#ed n !r!ert'e# + rea* &a#e#6

In t$'# e!er'ment> Mar)et B'*er '# #!e)'+')a**, "e'n& )$#en a# t$e ma'n a!!aratu# t

'n't'ate )*#e #tud, a"ut re*at'n#$'! "et7een #aturat'n tem!erature and re*ated !re##ure +

7ater u#'n& t$e demn#trat'n + /a!r !re##ure )ur/e6 It #'m!*, 7r5# n t$e +undamenta*

3


4/20

!r'n)'!*e + "'*'n& !r)e## 7$')$ "t$ tem!erature and !re##ure read'n + #aturated #team are

e/entua**, rea)$ e=u'*'"r'um #tate 7't$ 7ater6 In +a)t> t$e #tate + e=u'*'"r'um +r "t$ /a!r and

*'=u'd #tate + 7ater '# re*ated )*#e*, t t$e #aturated tem!erature + *'=u'd 7ater a# "t$

/ar'a"*e# are de!end'n& n t$e 7ater /a!r !re##ure6 Saturat'n tem!erature> T #atand #aturat'n

!re##ure> Ttem!> are 5n7n a# t$e !'nt + !$a#e )$an&'n& !r)e## +r a !ure #u"#tan)e 7$en ne

+ t$e /ar'a"*e# '# +'ed r $e*d at )n#tant /a*ue6 r eam!*e> t$e e/a!rat'n !r)e## + 7ater

m*e)u*e# re=u're *e## ener&, 'n!ut dur'n& t$e 'n't'a* !er'd + "'*'n& !r)e## +r 7ater a# t$ere

'# $ard*, an, re#'#tan)e #'n)e t$ere '# a"#en)e + 7ater /a!r a"/e #ur+a)e + *'=u'd 7ater6 In

t$er 7rd#> 't )an "e )n)*uded t$at t$e mre ener&, re=u'red +r 7ater m*e)u*e# t e/a!rate

at $'&$er !re##ure 'n rder t rea)$ t$e #tate + e=u'*'"r'um6

At t$e /er, "e&'nn'n& + t$e e!er'ment> t$e $eat ener&, '# "e'n& #u!!*'ed t t$e 7ater ",

$u&e e*e)tr')'t, re#'#tan)e +*7 'n t$e )'r)u't6 T$e m*e)u*e# 7't$'n t$e 7ater #tart t /'"rate>

m/e and rtate mre a)t'/e*, a# t$e, !r&re## #*7*, t #aturated /a!r #tate ", e#)a!'n& +rm

t$e #ur+a)e + 7ater6 T$'# e/a!rat'n !r)e## 'n)rea#e# amunt + 7ater /a!r #tred 'n t$e tan5

7$')$ 't e/entua**, eert# mre !re##ure nt 7ater #ur+a)e6 T$ere+re> t$e rate + e/a!rat'n

!r)e## de)e*erate# a# re#'#tan)e )reated ", /a!r !re##ure &r7# &radua**, a&a'n#t m#t 7ater

m*e)u*e# 7't$ t'me6 T #um u!> t$e )nt'nuu# "'*'n& !r)e## 7'** ra'#e t$e #aturat'n

tem!erature + 7ater at *'=u'd #tate #'n)e t$e amunt + 7ater /a!r !re#ent '# a*m#t e=u'/a*ent

t t$e re#'#tan)e +r e/a!rat'n !r)e## t ))ur 'n#'de Mar)et B'*er6

T$e "e&'nn'n& + t$e e!er'ment &et# &'n& under $eat and

e!an#'n dur'n& !$a#e )$an&'n& !r)e## 7$en t7 !$a#e# are 'n e=u'*'"r'um 7't$ ea)$ t$er6

T$e C*a!e,rn re*at'n#$'! )an "e 7r'tten a# "e*7:

4


5/20

d T

d P=

T(vgv f)hfg

=T vg

hfg

v f S!e)'+') /*ume + 7ater A"#*ute !re##ure

v g S!e)'+') /*ume + #team T A"#*ute tem!erature

h f Ent$a*!, + 7ater

hg Ent$a*!, + #team

h fg Latent $eat + /a!r'


6/20

A re##ure Gau&e G T$erm)u!*e

B re##ure Tran#du)er H Ma'n S7't)$

C O/er+*7 Fa*/e Be$'nd I D'&'ta* re##ure Meter

D re##ure Fe##e* J D'&'ta* Tem!erature Meter

E Dra'n rt Heater OnO++ S7't)$

re##ure Re*'e+ Fa*/e Re*'e+ rt L ater In*et

2.2 !et(o#s

At 'n't'a* #ta&e + t$e e!er'ment> t$e LS1;002 Mar)et B'*er 7a# re)e'/ed !r!er

eam'nat'n t en#ure 't# )a!a"'*'t, + ma'nta'n'n& nrma* !erat'n& )nd't'n 7$en t$e !7er

#u!!*, +r t$e ma'n a!!aratu# un't '# #7't)$ed n6 T$e !7er #u!!*, '# )ntr**ed /'a a ma'n

#7't)$ 7$')$ 't '# 'n#ta**ed at t$e +rnt !ane*6 Be+re t$e !erat'n + t$e un't "e&'n#> t$e /a*/e +

t$e !re##ure /e##e* '# a**7ed t !en # t$at t$e +rmat'n + /a!r #team )an "e "#er/ed6 In

add't'n> t$e &au&e meter '# t$en )a*'"rated t t$e 7ater "e'n& #u!!*'ed 'nt t$e

!re##ure /e##e* 7a# $eated u! &radua**,6 T$e 'n't'a* tem!erature read'n& + 7ater '# "e'n&

re)rded a# )rre#!nd'n& t

t$e /a*/e 7a# 'mmed'ate*, #ea*ed and t$e !re##ure meter 7a# #u"e)ted t t$e uterm#t + Mar)et B'*er '# nt #u!!#ed t "e tu)$ed 7't$

"are $and# a# 't !erate# at $'&$ tem!erature )nd't'n and t$e den'a* a)t'n# )u*d *ead t #e/ere

"urn# n a/era&e $uman #5'n6 Net> t$e !re##ure re*'e/e /a*/e + Mar)et B'*er #$u*d *e+t 7't$

n "#tru)t'n and $'ndran)e# +r 't# re!en'n& !r)e## a# 't )ntr*# t$e ma'mum a**7an)e

6


7/20

!re##ure 'n#'de t$e !re##ure /e##e*6 T$e )'r)um#tan)e# +r +au*t, + /a*/e /e##e* !erat'n# )u*d

*ead t !##'"'*'t, + e!*#'n +r !re##ure /e##e* r me)$an')a* +a'*ure# 7't$'n t$e )m!nent#

+ ma'n a!!aratu#6 La#t "ut nt *ea#t> t$e 7ater #u!!*, #$u*d a*7a,# )nne)ted t !re##ure

/e##e* "e+re t$e $eater #7't)$ '# turned n a# t$e a"#en)e + 7ater 'n#'de !re##ure /e##e* )u*d

dama&e t$e $eat'n& )'* and re#u*t + +au*t, !erat'n +r t$e ma'n a!!aratu#6

2.) 'ro$e#"re

16 T$e LS1;002 Mar)et B'*er 7a# *)ated n an e/en #ur+a)e + *e/e* #ur+a)e and t$e )a#tr

7$ee*# 7ere +u**, *)5ed t'&$t*,6

26 T$e ma'n !*u& 7a# t$en )nne)ted t a 20F AC ma'n !7er #u!!*, "e+re 't $a# "een

#7't)$ed n636 T$e 5n" n ma'n #7't)$ 7$')$ '# *)ated n t$e )ntr* !ane* '# turned n t a)t'/ate t$e

ma'n a!!aratu# un't6

6 T$e dra'n 7ater 'n*et !rt 7a# )nne)ted t t$e eterna* 7ater #u!!*, and mean7$'*e t$e/er+*7 ut*et 7a# )nne)ted t t$e de#'&nated *a"ratr, dra'n6

6 T$e dra'n 7ater 'n*et !rt and t$e /er+*7 /a*/e 7ere a**7ed t !en6

46 T$e /e##e* 7a# +'**ed 7't$ eterna* 7ater #u!!*, unt'* t$e /er+*7 + 7ater #tarted ))urr'n&

n t$e /er+*7 /a*/e6

;6 T$e tem!erature )ntr**er 7a# adu#ted t #et ma'mum tem!erature t tem!erature read'n&+ 181C6

86 T$e $eater n++ #7't)$ 7a# #7't)$ed n t 'n't'ate $eat'n& !r)e## + 7ater a))umu*ated'n#'de t$e /e##e*6

6 T$e /er+*7 /a*/e 7a# !ened t a**7 #team e#)a!e t$ru&$ dur'n& t$e "'*'n& !r)e## +

7ater6

106 A# t$e /a!r #team a!!eared +rm t$e /er+*7 /a*/e> t$e /a*/e 7a# 'mmed'ate*, )*#ed and

t$e !re##ure meter 7a# )a*'"rated t


8/20

).1 Data Tab"lation

Table ).1.1& Temperat"re an# press"re rea#ins * Experimental +al"es ,

'ress"re *Bar, Temperat"re *-C, Temperat"re *,

0 2 2860

06 10068 3;368

1 11168 3868

16 1206 336

2 12;6; 006;

26 1336 046

3 1386 116

36 136 146

16 1;6

6 1260 260

164 2864

6 160 3260

4 14261 361

46 1461 3861

; 14;68 068

;6 1;06 36

8 1;361 461

86 1;6 86

1;;6; 06;

6 18060 360

Ma'mum 64 18063 363

Table ).1.2& !eas"re# slope/ #T#' an# $al$"late# slope/ T+(f

'ress"re

*'a,

Temperat"re *, !eas"re# slope

*#T#',

Cal$"late# slope

*T+(f,

'er$entae of

Error *,

0 2860

8


9/20

0 3;368 1614 068 206

100 3868 06220 06280 216

10 336 061; 06200 1360

200 006; 061 0618 86

20 046 06114 06132 1261

300 116 06108 0611 63

30 146 0602 06100 860

00 1;6 06018 0600 8060

0 260 0612 06082 86

00 2864 060;2 060;4 63

0 3260 06048 060;0 26

400 361 06042 0604 64

40 3861 0604 06041 164

;00 068 060 0608 46

;0 36 060 060 168

800 461 0602 0602 060

80 86 0608 0600 60

00 06; 060 060; 46

0 360 0604 060 262

Table ).1.)& Stan#ar# rea#ins of #ifferent +ariables in steam table 314

'ress"re/ 'abs*bars,

Temperat"re/

Tabs*-C,

Spe$ifi$ +ol"me of steam/

+*m),

5atent (eat of +apori6ation/

(f*7,

06 8163 3620 230

160 64 164 228

9


10/20

16 1116 161 2224

260 12062 06884 2202

26 12;6 06;1 2181

360 1336 06404 2143

36 1386 062 218

60 1364 0642 213

6 1;6 061 2120

60 1168 063; 210

6 16 0633 204

460 1868 06314 208;

46 14260 0623 20;

;60 1460 062;3 204;

;6 14;68 0624 204

860 1;06 0620 208

86 1;26 0622; 203

60 1;6 0621 2031

6 1;;6; 0620 2022

1060 1;6 0612 201

Table ).1.8& Cal$"late# slope/ T+(f $orrespon#in to 'abs an# Tabs in steam table 314

'ress"re/ 'abs *'a, Temperat"re/ T*, Cal$"late# slope/ T+(f *9m)7,

0 363 068

100 3;264 06280

10 386 06200

200 3362 0618

10


11/20

20 006 06132

300 046 0611

30 116 06100

00 1464 0600

0 206 06082

00 268 060;4

0 286 060;0

400 3168 0604

40 360 06041

;00 3860 0608

;0 068 060

800 36 0602

80 6 0600

00 86 060;

0 06; 060

1000 26 0603

).2 :rap(s

11


12/20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

:rap( of press"re rea#in/ ' *1'a, +ers"s temperat"re rea#in/ T *., for all experimental +al"es

Pressure (kPa)

Temepratue (K)

:rap( ).2.1& :rap( of Absol"te Temperat"re *, aainst Absol"te 'ress"re *'a,

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Graph of dT/dP against pressure reading, P(kPa)

Pressure (kPa)

Measured Slope (K/kPa)

12


13/20

:rap( ).2.2& :rap( of meas"re# slope *#T#', aainst press"re rea#ins *'a,

0

0.2

0.40.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Graph of dT/dP and Tvg/hfg versus Pabs

Measured slope (dT/dP)

Calculated slope (T!/"#!)

Absolute Pressure (kPa)

Measured Slope/ al!ulated Slope (K/kPa)

13


14/20

:rap( ).2.)& :rap( of !eas"re# Slope an# Cal$"late# Slope aainst Absol"te 'ress"re *'a,

).) Cal$"lation

Cn/er#'n +rm De&ree Ce*#'u# t e*/'n

12;6;C 2;3 006;

; Ca*)u*at'n +r mea#ured #*!e> dTd

dT

dP

dT

dP=400.7K393.5K200kPa150kPa

5.8K

50kPa

0.116 K

kPa

Ca*)u*at'n +r )a*)u*ated #*!e> T/&$+&

Tvg

hfg=

431.8K x 0.316m

3

kg

2087kJ

kg

0.065K . m

kJ

Ca*)u*at'n +r !er)enta&e errr !re#ent 'n e!er'menta* /a*ue# K

14


15/20

er)enta&e errr

dT

dP

Tvg

hfg

Tvg

hfg

100K

0.092 KkPa

0.100K . m kJ

0.100K .m

kJ

100K

860 K 860 K *e##er t$an #tandard #team /a*ue

).8 Dis$"ssion

T #tud, t$e re*at'n#$'! "et7een t$e #aturat'n tem!erature and )rre#!nd'n& !re##ure>

t$e e!er'menta* read'n and data read'n !r/'ded ", #team ta"*e t$at a!!*'e# C*a!e,rn

e=uat'n are u#ed t !*t t$ree d'#t'n)t &ra!$# 7$')$ are T /er#u# > dTd /er#u# and dTd

7't$ T/&$+&/er#u# 6 C*a!e,rn e=uat'n #'m!*'+'e# t$e )a*)u*at'n #tandard# + /a!r !re##ure#

+r )mmn +*u'd# "a#ed n #e/era* a##um!t'n# a# "e*7 ?2@:

1 T$e )$an&e 'n /*ume dur'n& e/a!rat'n !r)e## '# e=u'/a*ent t /*ume + 7ater /a!r6

2 Ent$a*!, + /a!r' t$e amunt +

7ater /a!r !rdu)ed 'n#'de !re##ure /e##e* + Mar)et '# enu&$ t )reate #'&n'+')ant /a!r

!re##ure a&a'n#t /a!r'


16/20

a)r## t$e re#t + !re##ure read'n T #um u!> t$e tem!erature + 7ater 'n)rea#e# *'near*, 7't$

t$e !re##ure read'n 7't$ t$e $'&$e#t &rad'ent ))ur# at !'nt arund t$e "'*'n& tem!erature +

7ater6

rm "#er/at'n dne n t$e Gra!$ 36262 a"/e> t$e mea#urement + #*!e> dtd

de/'ate# &reat*, 'n t$e +'r#t 1005a 'n)rement and dr!# #*'&$t*, a)r## t$e rema'n'n& + !re##ure

read'n T$ere '# a #*'&$t de#ta"'*' t$e 7ater m*e)u*e#

"e)me# mre ener&et') t )untera)t 7't$ t$e r'#'n& + #aturated /a!r !re##ure 7$ere", t$e

5'net') ener&, + 7ater m*e)u*e# '# e=u'/a*ent t $eat ener&, "e'n& #u!!*'ed t t$e !re##ure

/e##e* 7$')$ )an "e re!re#ented ", t$e tem!erature + 7ater6 Hen)e> t$e #aturat'n tem!erature

16


17/20

+ 7ater '# 'n)rea#'n& *'near*, 7't$ t$e /a!r !re##ure 7$')$ )n)*ude# t$at t$e #aturat'n

tem!erature '# de!endent t amunt + !re##ure 7't$'n an en)*#ed #!a)e ?3@6

T$e !r'n)'!*e + !erat'n +r Mar)et B'*er )an "e +und 'n man, 'ndu#tr'a* a!!*')at'n#>

#u)$ a# #team "'*er# u#ed 'n !a*m '* !*antat'n# and )5'n& uten#'*# u#ed 'n +d !rdu)t'n#6

Steam "'*er# !re#ent 'n /ar'u# #' #u)$ a# /a*/e *ea5'n& and

17


18/20

'n)rre)t )a*'"rat'n + !re##ure meter> )u*d )au#e #aturat'n !re##ure read'n t "e +*u)tuate

and de)rea#e t$e a))ura), + e!er'menta* read'n

La#t "ut nt *ea#t> t$e a))ura), + e!er'menta* read'n )an "e 'm!r/ed ", re!et't'n +

e!er'ment !r)edure# t "ta'n a/era&e read'n and m'n'm' #u)$ a# !re##ure re*'e+ /a*/e and !re##ure

meter> are needed t "e eam'ned and !erated 'n !r!er manner t en#ure 't# a"'*'t, +

re&'#ter'n& e!er'menta* read'n 7't$ $'&$er a))ura),6

=.0 Con$l"sion

T$e e!er'ment $a# #u))e##+u**, demn#trated t$e re*at'n#$'! 'n 7$')$ t$e #aturat'n

tem!erature '# 'n)rea#'n& *'near*, t t$e amunt + !re##ure eerted ", 7ater /a!r6 T$e

t$eret')a* data '# "ta'ned ", u#'n& C*a!er,rn e=uat'n and t$en 't '# )m!ared 7't$

e!er'menta* data t e/a*uate e!er'menta* errr# "a#ed n t$e'r re#!e)t'/e &rad'ent #*!e6 T$e

tem!erature read'n + $eated 7ater #u"#tan)e are re)rded u!n 06 "ar 'n)rement + !re##ure

read'n&6 T$e &reate#t de/'at'n ))ur# at 'n't'a* #ta&e + e!er'ment 7$'*e de#ta"'*' dTd and T/&$+&>

de)rea#e &radua**, "e,nd 1005a due t 'n)rea#'n& amunt + /a!r !re##ure6 T$e a))ura), +

e!er'menta* data )an "e +urt$er 'm!r/ed ", m'n'm' #u)$ a#

eam'nat'n + a!!aratu# )nd't'n# and re!et't'n + e!er'ment !r)edure#6 T$e !r'n)'!*e +

Mar)et B'*er '# a!!*')a"*e 'n man, 'ndu#tr'a* a!!*')at'n# 7$')$ $'&$ !re##ure '# "e'n& ut'*'.0 Referen$es

16 Beatn> C66 1846 Steam Tables. Heat E)$an&er De#'&n Hand"56 Re!u"*'#$ed 'n e">20116d': 1061416 Retr'e/ed +rm $tt!:7776t$erm!ed'a6)m)ntent110

26 Sene#e> 6 e"> 20106 What is the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?r#t"ur&6edu6 Retr'e/ed

+rm $tt!:ant'ne6+r#t"ur&6edu)$em#ene#e101*'=u'd#+a=)*au#'u#)*a!e,rn/a!r

!re##ure6#$tm*

18


19/20

36 Ba""> D6 2016 Vapor Pressure And Saturated Vapor Pressure6 enn#tate6 Retr'e/ed +rm

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