Dr. David Innes

Dr. Dawn Marshall

W 2008

Biology 4250 Evolutionary Genetics

Outline of topics:

1. Introduction/History of Interest in Genetic Variation

2. Types of Molecular Markers

3. Molecular Evolution

4. Individuality and Relatedness

5. Population Demography, Structure & Phylogeography

6. Phylogenetic Methods & Species Level Phylogenies

7. Speciation, Hybridization and Introgression

8. Human Evolutionary Genetics

9. Conservation Genetics

Applications

Background

Conservation Genetics

Conservation

Rare and endangered species

- reduced population size

- loss of habitat

- degradation of environment

What factors determine long-term survival?

Relative importance of population ecology and genetics?

Conservation Genetics

Population Genetics:

- effects of small populations (inbreeding, genetic drift)

- habitat fragmentation and genetic structure

- gene flow between populations

- effective population size

- relationship between genetic variation and population

persistence (extinction risk)

- preservation of genetically unique pops.

- adaptation to environmental change (climate change)

- relationship between genetic variation and evolutionary

potential

Conservation Genetics: Review

Conservation genetics in a globally changing environment: present problems, paradoxes and future challenges. Pertoldi et al. (2007)

1. Introduction (p. 4148 – 4151)

2. Unresolved questions and possible future directions in

conservation genetics (p. 4152 – 4154)

3. Challenges and paradoxes in conservation genetics (p. 4154 –

4158)

4. Possible benefits of a merging of different disciplines (p. 4158 – 4159)

Conservation Simulation Programs

Vortex: Population Viability Analysis

Genetic Management

Captive populations

Conservation Simulation Programs

EasyPop: Population Genetics Simulations

– Output for GenePop analysis

EasyPop

3.2 Simulation parameters ...........................................................................................9

3.2.1 Haploids .........................................................................................................9

3.2.2 Diploids (one sex)...........................................................................................9

3.2.4 Haplodiploids ...............................................................................................10

3.2.5 Number of populations..................................................................................11

3.2.6 Number of individuals ..................................................................................11

3.2.7 Migration......................................................................................................11

3.2.8 Same migration scheme over all simulation?.................................................13

3.2.9 Linkage.........................................................................................................13

3.2.10 Mutation models .........................................................................................14

3.2.11 Starting variability ......................................................................................14

3.2.12 Partial simulation results.............................................................................15

3.2.13 Retrieving the complete genealogy..............................................................15

3.2.13 Replicates ...................................................................................................16