mar-apr 11 jomsa

8/3/2019 Mar-Apr 11 Jomsa

1/56Vol. 62, No. 2 (March-April 2011) 1


2/562 JOMSA



The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America (ISSN 0025-6633) is published bi-monthly by the Orders and Medals

these should be submitted to the Editor. Reproduction of the contents of theJournal

OMSA OFFICERS AND MANAGERS

PRESIDENT: Fred L Borch

Phone: (434) 760-1901

VICE PRESIDENT: Harry H. Bendorf

DIRECTORS:

William K. Emerson

Adam G. RohloffNathan S. Weiss

SECRETARY

PO Box 540, Claymont, DE [email protected]

TREASURER:

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JOMSA EDITOR: Richard A. FloryPO Box 120, Chico, CA 95927-0120

Phone: (530) 894-5008Fax: (866) 483-0026

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CURRENT-YEAR ISSUE AND BACK

ISSUES:

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WEBSITE EDITOR

OMSA WEB SITE:

LIBRARY LIAISON:

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Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America

Founded in 1950 by S. G. Yasinitsky

Volume 62, Number 2

CONTENTS MARCH - APRIL 2011

FEATURE ARTICLE

Fred L. Borch: The Air Force Medal of Honor: A History of Its .............................. 4

SELECTED ARTICLES

Lukasz Gaszewskiof Poland ........................................................................................... 23

Graham Wilson: Fourragre ........................................................................................ 32

Edward J. Emering: : The Italian Red Cross Medal for Iraq .................. 39

DEPARTMENTS

.................................................................................. 2

Letters to the Editor .................................................................................. 2

Meet the Authors ....................................................................................... 3

......................................................................................... 22

........................................................ 41

Secretarys Report ................................................................................... 43

Collectors Marketplace .......................................................................... 44

On The Cover:

feature article by Fred L. Borch.


4/562 JOMSA

P R E S I D E N T S

MESSAGE

medals on-line. Id ask all of

or control the content of the Forum. In fact, your Boardof Directors has intentionally refrained from any daily

from some members about rudeness and mean-spirited

principle of freedom of speech means that OMSA should

disrespect or profanity. If you are on the Forum, you can

You can reach me on any OMSA topic at fred.borch@

concerns. But, if you feel the need to telephone, then call

for your support.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Starting with this issue we are instituting a Letters to the Editor column. This column will be available to authorswho which to expand on, or correct, previous articles; OMSAmembers who wish to expand on or make corrections toportions of previous articles (authors will be given the optionto respond); or members who have ideas on how to improve

. The editor will decide which letters to publish and format.Authors of accepted letters will receive page proofs of theirletters by email prior to publication so please include youremail address with your letter.

Richard Meixsel

Star,JOMSA

February 1942 to MacArthur and his senior staff...

General MacArthur:

Ausejo and Major Pedro Merritt. Please transmit this



MEET THE AUTHORS

PLAN NOW TO

ATTEND OMSA

2011 IN

JACKSONVILLE

Fred Borch has been an OMSA member for more than

bookFor Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple Heart

Ed Emering

has contributed more than 50 articles toJOMSA and has

Lukasz Gaszewski

30 years. He is particularly interested in European medalsand medals of the United States National Guard. He is aco-author ofBurkes Peerage and Gentry World Ordersof Knighthood and MeritJOMSA

Graham Wilson spent 26 years in the Australian

the Department of Defense, and their Bichoodle pup

WOULD YOU LIKE

TO SEE YOUR

BIOGRAPHY

HERE?

SUBMIT AN

ARTICLE TO THE

JOMSA EDITOR.


6/564 JOMSA

Historical background

While the Air Force separated from the Army and became

Army decorations and medals. For example, all airmen

letter, Horne stated that the Air Force Chief of Staff had

1 With this in mind, Horne

a.

symbolic of the dynamic role of the Air Forcein the national defense structure.

b. The shape of the medal must be unique and

c.

d.

For the next year and a half the Army Institute of Heraldry

the decoration familiar to airmen today.

as a September 14, 1961 letter from Colonel Horne

facing downfacing up, the Air

2 A copy of Hornes

THE AIR FORCE MEDAL OF HONOR:

A HISTORY OF ITS ORIGINS, DESIGN AND AWARD FROM

1965 TO THE PRESENT

FRED L. BORCH



unique for thisin contradistinction to the Silver Star,the Bronze Star Medal3

Figure 1: Hornes September 14, 1961 letter.


8/566 JOMSA

ribbon.4

additions of neckline and shoulders, looks too much like

equally appropriate as an alternate choice.5

Figure 2: Pankeys January 15, 1962 letter.



the face of the Goddessfrom our Statue of Liberty used as

6

principal theme.7

8 Army artists also had acquiesced

similar to that used on the Army Medal of Honor, except

9

VALOR. It seems that

of Fine Arts.

Heraldry. In that letter, Finley stated that the proposed Air

the sculptural quality of the medal.10 A copy of Finleys

11

Force Medal of Honor.

done in October 1963 by the Medallic Art Company

Additionally, in April 1964, the Air Force directed

capture the sharp clear lines and youthful spirit of Liberty.

chubby matron and reduced the aesthetic potential inherent12


10/568 JOMSA

Air Force Base until March 1966.

Air Force to have its own design

Figure 3: Finleys September 25, 1962 letter.



Description and Symbolism

Obverse (1965-present)

the number of states in the Union at the outbreak of the

VALOR.

Figure 5: Air Force Medal of Honor obverse, credit: United

States Army Institute of Heraldry.

Figure 6: Air Force Medal of Honor reverse, credit: Melvin

Mueller.

Figure 4: Preproduction model of Air Force Medal of Honor,

circa 1965, credit: United States Army Institute of Heraldry.


12/5610 JOMSA

Reverse (1965-present)

manufactured medal.

Ribbon (1965-present)

The VALORblue, moir silk pad, folded at the corners. There are 13stars (each 7/64th inches in diameter) on the pad. These

and 3/16th inches. Three snaps are used to fasten it aroundthe recipients neck.

Force MoH has embroidered stars.

Air Force Medal of Honor Award Process

Criteria

Figure 7: February 14, 1964 memorandum.



party.13

Nomination Process: Procedure

While any person may nominate an airman for the Medal

e.g.

initially recommends an airman for the Medal of Honor,

Defense Department requires that the Medal of Honor

folder, suitable for presentation by the President ofthe United States.

Additionally, each Medal of Honor recommendation

Recommendation from the Combatant Commanderconcerned (for example, the Commander, UnitedStates Central Command or Commander, United

Recommendation from the Chief of Staff of the Recommendation from the Secretary of the Air

Force

of StaffAfter these recommendations are part of a Medal of Honor

14

Nomination Process: Time Limits

Under Title 10, United States Code, Section 8744, anyrecommendation for the Air Force Medal of Honor mustbe submitted within two years of the act and the Medalwithin three years

Secretary of the Air Force determines that an airman, in

Second, under Title 10, United States Code, Section

based. Section 1130 requires that the Secretary determine

him to submit to both the House and Senate Committees

Secretary informs both the House and Senate committeesthat the proposed Medal of Honor is meritorious, the next

the Medal of Honor to the nominated airman concerned.

After that statute is passed, the Medal of Honor may be

the Air Force Medal of Honor. In October 2000, Airman

of the Air Force Whit Peters on December 8, 2000.

to an Air Force Medal of Honor and, on September 10,

President Barack Obama in a White House ceremony.

Intangible factors

of Honor.


14/5612 JOMSA

likely to experience the close combatordinarily required

situation required for a Medal of Honor.

can and does make a difference. On March 11, 1968,

part of a top-secret radar station. His extraordinary heroism

that day in Laos was recognized at the timethe Medal of Honor. His chain of command recommended

the mechanism of Section 1130, started the process.

the difference.15

Force Medal of Honor, in the sense that the success of a

of Honor nomination packet. Additionally, as the packet

First recipient: Major Bernard F. Fisher, March 10,

1966.

Air Force

be captured before a rescue helicopter could reach him.

Fisher stopped his A-1E, and Myers climbed aboard.

16



taken after Fishers rescue of Myers from the A Shau

Vietnam in 1966.

Other recipients:

Captain Steven L. Bennett, June 29, 1972

the coast and the enemy.

missile rose up from behind and struck the planes left

explosion.

eject, Bennett elected to ditch in the Gulf of Tonkin. He

17

Colonel George E. Day, August 26, 1967

With an Air Force Medal of Honor, Air Force Cross, Air

R. Ford on March 4, 1976.

Figure 8: Maj. Bernard F. Fisher (left) and D.W. Jump Myers, Vietnam, March 10, 1966. The photo was taken after

Fishers rescue of Myers from the A Shau Valley; Fishers A-1E

Skyraider is in the background, credit: United States Air Force.


16/5614 JOMSA

Figure 9: Colonel George E. Bud Day is the most highly

decorated living American, credit: United States Air Force.

by North Vietnamese militia, taken to a prison camp,

Due to delirium, he lost his sense of direction and

18

himself. Yet, despite his many injuries, he continued to

the enemy.

Major Merlyn H. Dethlefsen, March 10, 1967

Captain Dethlefsen nonetheless made repeated strikes

after they became obscured by the smoke and dust of

bombers.

Figure 10: Major Dethlefsen receives the Medal of Honor from

President Lyndon B. Johnson, credit: United States Air Force.



19

Chief Master Sergeant Richard Etchberger, March

11, 1968

recent Air Force Medal of Honor recipient. His Air Force

facility needed by the United States Air Force to direct

any military personnel in Laos. In fact, concerned about

Determined to eliminate the threat posed by the secret

an M-16.

helped another to reach safety.

been pulled inside. He bled to death before he could reach

medical care in Thailand.

20

1st Lieutenant James P. Fleming, November 26, 1968

Special Forces reconnaissance team. The Green Berets

extra personnel, returned to its base. A second helicopter,


18/5616 JOMSA

to make another rescue attempt before completely

and clambered aboard as bullets pierced the air, some

fuel tanks nearly empty. For his role in this miraculous

at the White House from President Richard M. Nixon onMay 14, 1970.21

Colonel Joe M. Jackson, March 12, 1968

Team at Kham Duc, South Vietnam.

On that day, an Army Special Forces camp located at

on all sides by mountainous terrain.

After he stopped, a rocket fell in front of the transport. A

22

Air Force Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony

Figure 11: Colonel (ret.) Joe Jackson (right), credit: United

States Air Force.

Colonel William A. Jones III, September 1, 1968

North Vietnam.

positions. On one pass, he felt an explosion beneath



that day.

States before the Air Force Medal of Honor could be

decoration from President Richard M. Nixon at the White23

Airman 1st Class John L. Levitow, February 24, 1969

24

Figure 12 : Airman 1st Class Levitow, credit: United StatesAir Force.

Airman 1st Class William H. Pitsenbarger, April 11,

1966

In October 2000, the posthumous Air Force Cross that

25


20/5618 JOMSA

1965 and soon had completed 250 missions, i

and the Republic of Vietnams Medal of Military Merit

On April 11, 1966, an infantry company of 134 soldiers

helicopters to return.

Figure 13: Pitsenbarger, credit: United States Air Force.

Figure 14: Pitsenbarger in para-rescue gear, credit: United

States Air Force.



the fallen.26

Captain Lance P. Sijan, November 9, 1967

Lance Peter Sijan is the first Air Force Academy

Vietnamese on Christmas Day 1967. Despite his crippled

intermittent periods of consciousness until his death,

in 1974. On March 4, 1976, President Gerald R. Fordpresented the Air Force Medal of Honor to his parents.27

Lieutenant Colonel Leo K. Thorsness, April 19, 1967

the area. Thorsness promptly attacked the enemy plane,

and then spotted four MiG-17s as he neared the bailout

bail out unless their aircraft could be quickly refueled.

from President Nixon in a White House ceremony onOctober 15, 1973.28


22/5620 JOMSA

Figure 15: Then Major Thorsness (left) at Takhli, early 1967,

credit: United States Air Force.

mother.

Captain Hilliard A. Wilbanks, February 24, 1967

Air Force Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism

Figure 16: Then Colonel Thorsness receives the Medal of Honor from President Nixon, credit: United

States Air Force.



29

Captain Gerald O. Young, November 8-9, 1967

heat. When enemy troops approached the crash scene, he

1968.30

Conclusion

of the Air Force Medal of Honor.

Endnotes

4. Ibid.5. Ibid

6. Letter (2d Indorsement), from Colonel Russell G. Pankey, Chief,

7. Ibid.

Medal of Honor, May 4, 1962.9. Ibid.

Heraldry, September 25, 1962.


24/5622 JOMSA

3, 1964.

Instruction 36-2803,Air Force Awards and Decorations Program ,

14. Department of Defense Manual 1348.33-V1, Manual of MilitaryDecorations and Awards: General Information, Medal of Honor,and Defense/Joint Decorations and Awards15-16.

Vietnam,February 2011: 58-59.

Beyond the Call of Duty: The Storyof an American Hero, 2004.

Camplin Museum Press, 1991). See also, Robert Coram,American

Patriot: The Life and Wars of Colonel Bud Day

The

Air Force Cross: A History of Extraordinary Heroism, 2004: 84-85

asp?dec=&pid=123006524 (Lance Sijan)

asp?dec=&pid=123006530 (Hilliard A. Wilbanks)

BOOK REVIEWS

For Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple HeartbyFred Borch.

$34.95.

For MilitaryMerit

years.

and families.

excellent companion piece to his Sea Service Medals

.

The Decorations and Awards of Audie L. Murphy

and Alvin C. York: The U.S. Militarys Most NotableInfantryman. 2nd edition, by Eric R. Caubarreaux.

145-384-7497. $26.95.

complete history for each man, details on promotions,

Continued on page 40



for a Canadian Forces Decoration after the honorable

10 years is denoted by a clasp on the ribbon and a

forces.

Long Service Awards in Poland in the 18th and 19th

Century

only a year after his accession to

completed 18 years in the army. On

inscription STANISLAW / AUGUST / KROL

ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ 18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE /

CORPU- / SIE

Figure 1: King Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski

(1732-1898) in coronation attire with the collar

and sash of the Order of the White Eagle.

ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ

18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE / REGIMEN- / CIE. (for 18

circa

LONG-SERVICE AWARDS FOR THE ARMED FORCES IN POLAND

LUKASZ GASZEWSKI

Figure 2: Medal for 18-Years Served (1765) - obverse, reverse for infantry (corps),

reverse for cavalry (regiment), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.


26/5624 JOMSA

CORPUSIE

KORPUSIE.

is a rarity today. The partition of Poland in 1795 put anend to its existence. The subsequent era of the Duchy

from its 18th-century predecessor in both form and

(the ribbon of the OrderVirtuti Militari

the decoration for 35 years, 28 for 30 years, 42 for 25

ceased to be conferred after the outbreak of a national

red-black ribbon of the Russian Order ofSt. Vladimir in 1834. As the army of the

Figure 3: Decoration for Long Service of the Kingdom of Poland (1829) - for

XV, XX and XXV years (military), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.



Figure 4: Unique decoration for 50 years awarded to

Colonel Seydlitz, courtesy of Colonel S. Oberleitner.

L

the Order ofVirtuti Militari

placed underneath.

Long Service Awards in an Independent Poland

Virtuti Militari,also restored in 1921 and 1919. The third of the former

honors continued to be established (Cross of Valor in1920, Order ofPolonia Restituta in 1921, Cross of Merit

(Ag

ZA

DLUGOLETNIA SLUZBE

X, XX orXXX

conferred no earlier than sometime in 1948, but by

as in the case of other orders and decorations, Polish

Virtuti Militari.

Figure 5: Obverse (a) and reverse (b) of the Long Serv

Medal in gold (2007) and silver and bronze (1938). Note t

differences in details of both types (different ribbons and eyes


28/5626 JOMSA

Figure 6: Gen. Wladyslaw Anders (above), former

commander of II Polish Corps with an impressive collection

of ribbons, during the 1969 celebrations of the 25th

anniversary of the capture of Monte Cassino, Italy. In the

lower photo ribbons of the Long Service Medals are can

be seen right under the Monte Cassino Cross. Note the

incorrect order of wearing: the medal for 10 years comes

before the medal for 20 years of service.

armed forces.

Long Service Awards after World War II

interests of the USSR.

Act on NationalHonors VirtutiMilitari,Polonia Restituta, Cross of Valor and Cross of

coup detatera of a fairly democratic country from the era of an

for the Country Medal (Medal Sily Zbrojne w SluzbieOjczyzny)



as 1959.

inscribedSILY ZBROJNE W SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY

Figure 8: Left: Long Service Decoration of the Volunteer

Fire Brigades Association which may have been the

prototype of the Armed Forces Medal. Right: Rare gold medal

for XV years. (1951/59), courtesy Colonel S. Oberleitner.

V,XorXVcentral red shield is 9/16 (14.5 mm) in diameter, the

of Merit and Medals for Merit on the Field of Glory and

for all. By decision of the Minister of National Defense

Figure 7: Different types of the Armed Forces in Service for the Country

Medal (left to right): gold for XX years (1968), silver for XV years

(1960), silver for X years (1951/68), and bronze for V years (1951/68).


30/5628 JOMSA

Figure 9: Different types of ribbon bars: metal ribbon frame

with plastic or glass cover, borrowed from the Soviet Army

1954 (c, d) ribbon bars. Note the lack of gold or silver wire

denoting the class in (b) and the fact that the Armed Forces

in Service for the Country Medal ribbons are worn out of

the correct order of precedence.

9 and 10).

XVorXXV) only.

Figure 10: General Stanislaw Poplawski (1902-1973), circa

1955 (a) wearing a metal ribbon frame (b). The ribbons

of the silver and bronze Armed Forces in Service for the

row. Upper classes are marked with gold or silver foil.

set of medals is the most popular and most frequently

discretion of the Minister of National Defense. Due to



Figure 11: Never conferred gold medal for

XXV years (1960).

then Minister of National Defense, General Wojciech

XXX

XX

their military career in the Peoples Army in 1943 or

XXX

Figure 12: Unique gold medal for XXX years,

conferred only once in 1974, courtesy Colonel

S. Oberleitner.

the Roman numeral V

shade of red.

Figure 13: Different details of the bronze medals for V years. (left to right): the

1951 type, the 1968 type (note a different angle between the arms of V),and

the 1995 type (no Roman numeral and more massive general appearance).


32/5630 JOMSA

Polish Long Service Awards Today

it as a ministry decoration for professional military and

12). Another difference in comparison to the older types

inscription:SILY ZBROJNE / W / SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY /RZECZPOSPOLITA / POLSKA

Figure 14: Unaccepted proposal of the Armed Forces in

Service for the Country Medal (2006).

military honors of the country, also reintroduced the

The medal itself looks almost identical to its pre-WorldWar II counterpart (there are some small differences in



Figure 15: Long Service Medal hallmarks: (a) 1938 issue,

(b) 2007 issue, (c) Ag 0,950 on the rim of the silver medal(1938).

cipherMW (Mennica WarszawskaAg 0,950 mark

result from the fact that unlike the Armed Forces medal,

Technically, such a situation is possible. Both are

Minister of Defense). The number of years that must be

senior counterpart.

The form of the decoration and the number of years of

pieces of metal on a military uniform, in somebodyscollection or in a museum display.

Defense and particularly to Colonel Stefan Oberleitner

been possible.

Figure 16: Numerals on Long Service Medal ribbon bars: left two ribbons, 1938 (also used during

World War II), and right ribbon, current issue.


34/5632 JOMSA

A ceremonial item seen on both United States Army andUnited States Marine Corps uniforms is a braided colored

around the left shoulder.1

This item is the fourragreestablished for the French forces in World War I, and

2 Fourragrein the French forces as ceremonial items of dress, somenot directly related to decorations. The aim of this article,fourragre that are

Thefourragre itself consists of a braided double ropefourragre of the Order of theLiberation) in the colors of a particular medal ribbon,

World War I Croix de guerre 1914-1918

Thefourragreof the creation of the Croix de guerre (War Cross) in 1915.The Croix de guerre

could also be cited in military orders. On April 21, 1916,

i.e.of the Croix de guerre

in the color of the ribbon of the Croix de guerre, i.e. thefourragre.

the issue of Memorandum No. 2156D. This document

so many times that there needed to be a system betterfourragre in the colors of the

ribbon of the Croix de guerre. To address this issue,the memorandum decreed that for multiple citations,fourragreCroix de

ROPE OF COURAGE:

A BRIEF LOOK AT THE FRENCH FOURRAGRE

GRAHAM WILSON

Figure 1: The various combinations of World War Ifourragre based on the number of citations in Army level orders.



guerre, the Mdaille militaire (Military Medal) or theLgion dhonneur

Units cited 2-3 times, fourragre in the colors of theCroix de guerre

Units cited 4-5 times, fourragre in the colors of theMdaille militaire

Units cited 6-8 times, fourragre in the color of theLgion dhonneur(red)

Units cited 9-11 times, doublefourragre in the colorsofLgion dhonneurand Croix de guerre

Units cited 12-14 times, doublefourragre in the colorsof theLgion dhonneurand Mdaille militaire

Units cited 15 or more times, doublefourragre in thecolor of theLgion dhonneur

fourragre permanently.

Persons posted into the unit subsequently could and canfourragre

One bit of confusion that needs to be cleared up at thisfourragre tofourragre

orders, i.e. a fourragre is Croix de guerre

does not mean that the unit has been physically presentedCroix de guerre. Apart fromfourragre

Mdaillemilitairefourragre.3

fourragre

Between and After the World Wars Croix deguerre TOE

Croix de guerre 1914-1918 to

action in the colonies, on April, 30 1921 the FrenchCroix de guerre desThtres dOprations Extrieurs or the Croix de guerreTOE(War Cross for External Theatres of Operations).

Croix de Guerre TOE is identicalto that of the Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 and the same

Croix de Guerre TOECroix deGuerre TOE

missions to the Baltic States, Upper Silesia, Poland,

Croix de guerre 1914-1918for the Croix de guerre TOE

fourragre of the Croix de guerre TOE

that the colors are those of the ribbon of the Croix deguerre TOE, i.e.

Croix de guerre TOECroix de guerre 1914-1918, Memorandum 2504M of 30December 1926 authorisedfourragre for the Croix deguerre TOE

Units cited 2-3 times, fourragre in the colors of theCroix de guerre TOE

Units cited 4-5 times, fourragre in the colors of theMedaille militaire

the Croix de guerre TOEUnits cited 6-8 times, fourragre in the color of theLgion dhonneurCroix de guerre TOE

Units cited 9-11 times, doublefourragre in the colorsofLgion dhonneurand Croix de guerre TOE

thefourragre of the Croix de guerre TOE, but also on theCroix de guerre 1939


36/5634 JOMSA

cord of afourragre. When thefourragre for the Croixde guerre TOEfourragre of the Croix deguerre 1914-1918 from one of the Croix de guerre TOE

Croix de guerre TOE

fourragre in the colorsof the Croix de guerre TOEand afourragre in the colorof theLgiondhonneurCroix de guerre TOEauthorised for a unit cited 6-8 times.fourragre

Figure 3: Basic fourragre in the colors of the Croix de

guerre TOE and the Lgion dhonneur.

fourragre

World War II Croix de guerre 1939

Croix de guerreCroix

de guerre 1939

France. In 1945, in Ministry of War MemorandumNo. 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec of April 20, 1945, the Frenchfourragre for World War II, Croixde guerre 1914-1918

fourragre

fourragre for World War IIfourragre of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-45, the Medaille militaire andtheLgiondhonneur

fourragre for World War

fourragre in

4

The appendix to Memorandum 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec

fourragrefourragre of the

Figure 2: Types of olives for the fourragre 1914-1918 and1939-1945.



Mdaille militaireof thefourragre for both the Croix de guerre and theMdaille militaire in World War I and the Croix de guerre fourragre of theLegion dhonneurfourragre for the Croix de guerre andLegion dhonneurin World War War One andfourragrefor the Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire and Legion

dhonneurthe fourragre

Figure 4: Fourragre with various olives.

lOrdre de la Libration

The last and latestfourragreto be created and conferredis that of lOrdre de la Libration (the Order of the

in the nature of the deeds, apart from their exceptional

Liberation (Compagnon de la Libration) and Generalde Gaulle, the founder of the Order, has been the onlyGrand Matre (Grand Master) of the Order.

immediately after theLgion dhonneur, and perhaps the

lOrdre de la Libration,

namely:Army

Battailon de marche n213e Demi-brigade de Lgion trangre

Rgiment de marche du Tchad2e Rgiment dinfanterie coloniale1er Rgiment dartillerie coloniale1/3e Rgiment dartillerie coloniale1er Rgiment de marche de spahis marocains


38/5636 JOMSA

501e Rgiment de chars de combatAir Force

1re Escadrille de chasseRgiment de chasse Normandie-Niemen2e Rgiment de chasseurs parachutistes de lArmede lairGroupe de bombardement Lorraine

Groupe de chasse Ile-de-FranceGroupe de chasse AlsaceNavy

Sous-marin RubisCorvette Aconit1er Rgiment des fusiliers marins

Communities

GrenobleNantesParisVassieux-en-Vercorsle de Sein

By a decree of February 23, 1996, the Minister forDefense of the French Republic created a fourragreforlOrdre de la Libration

place in Franceparade at Mont Valrien, the President of the Republicpresented thefourragre oflOrdre de la Libration to

fourragre.

Visually, the fourragre of lOrdre de la Librationdiffers markedly from the otherfourragre discussed in

the Order. Thefourragre oflOrdre de la Libration is

Entitlement to Permanent Wear

fourragre to a unit is permanent to the unit,

fourragre

Figure 5: Fourragre oflOrdre de la Libration.

fourragreposted to the unit. The rules for the fourragre 1914-1918 fourragre

fourragre

fourragreto be a member of the unit. On transfer from the decoratedfourragre

in such cases thefourragre

fourragre for both the Croix de

guerreTOEand Croix de guerre 1939. afourragre for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918number85fourragre85e Rgiment dinfanterie. The rather

Aiguillettes



Figure 6: Fourragrefor the Croix de guerre 1914-1918

.

fourragre forthe Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire,Legion dhonneurand Croix de guerre TOE

fourragre forthe Croix de guerre 1914-1918

Figure 8: Fourragre for the Croix de guerre 1914-

1918 with the insignia of the French Artillery.

Super Fourragre 3e REIandRICM

While a number of units of the French Armed Forces areentitled to more than onefourragre3e Rgiment trangre

dinfanterieand theRgiment dinfanterie-chars demarine (RICM or Marine Armoured

fourragre

the 3e REI, circa 1980. Both the 3e REIandRICMfourragrein the colors ofLgion dhonneurandthe Croix de guerre 1914-1918

fourragre of theLgiondhonneurto 11 citations in World War I and upper

fourragre in the colorsof the Mdaille militairein the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE,

REIFigure 7: Fourragre for the Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire, Legion dhonneur

andCroix de guerre TOEwith aiguillettes in gilt and silver.


40/5638 JOMSA

Figure 9: The winter uniform jacket of a Corporal of the 3e

REI, circa 1980 with a triple fourragre.

inherited the honors of the World War I Rgiment demarche de la Lgion trangre orRLEMthe 3eREIpart, theRICMinherited the honors of formerRgimentdinfanterie coloniale du Maroc. At the time of Moroccan

lose the honors and traditions of theRICMand in order

and renamed itRgiment dinfanterie-chars de marine toenable the title RICM to continue on and to ensure that

French Army did not die out.

Conclusion

Fourragre

of units of the United States Army and United Statesfourragre

make sense of the subject.

ELa Marque du courage, all items illustrated are from theauthors collection.

Endnotes

fourragrefourrage,

Medaille militaire

French units:February 1918 : Bat tai lons Chasseurs pied.3e Rgiment de marche de zouaves ; 2e Rgimentde marche de tirailleurs ; Rgiment dinfanterie colonialedu Maroc1er Rgiment de marche de la Lgion trangre,December 1983: 3e Compagnie du 1er Rgiment de chasseurs

parachutistesle Centre dInstruction Naval (CIN) de Saint-Mandrier; lcole nationale desSous-officiers dActive de Saint-Maixent; lcole deGendarmerie de Chaumont; lcole de Formation des Sous-

3e Rgiment tranger

dinfanterie (3e REI), inheritor of the traditions of the 1er

fourragre of the Mdaille militairethe Mdaille militaire

4.Fourragre in the colors of the Croix de Guerre 1939 do exist (red

5. Besides the triplefourragre3eREItheLgion dhonneurthe Mdaille militairethe Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-1945the Croix de guerre TOE

the

the Spanish Mdaille des volontaires Catalansthe streamer of the United States Presidential Unit Citationthe Mdaille de vermeil du Centre national dtudes spatialesde Kourou

6. Besides the triplefourragreRICM,

theLgion dhonneurthe Mdaille militairethe Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-1945the Croix de guerre TOE

the the streamer of the United States Presidential Unit CitationBibliography

Koundakjian, Vicken (editor).Laws and Regulations Pertaining to theFrench Croix de Guerre(OMSA Monograph No.7). Glassboro,

Order of the Liberation (France), lOrdre de la Librationordredelaliberation.fr, 2001.

Service Historique de la Dfense. La Marque du courage. Paris :ditions LBM, 2005.



Ministry of Health in Medical City. The elite medical

International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC), but

compound and the ICRC Headquarters. In addition to the

In addition, the Italian Red Cross offered humanitarian

In a deal purportedly brokered by Italian Red Cross

in a jeep and an ambulance so they could be treatedfor injuries sustained in combat. Three of the four had

but had been told about it.

Figure 1: Obverse of the Italian Red Cross

Medal for Iraq.

OPERAZIONE IRAQand2003 2006

contains a circular framed Greek cross surrounded by theCROCE ROSSA ITALIANA (ITALIAN

RED CROSS.

Figure 2: Reverse of the Italian Red Cross

Medal for Iraq.

ITALIANRED CROSS MEDAL FOR IRAQ

EDWARD J. EMERING


42/5640 JOMSA

Continued from page 22:

soldier. The book contains the complete citations for

medals are not. This means that details on Murphys

this book. Similarly, the citation for Yorks Croix deGuerre

an Army motion picture called The Broken Bridge), and

member.


44/5642 JOMSA



SECRETARYS REPORT

PURCHASE OMSA BADGES

AND MEDALS

FULL-SIZE OR MINIATURE

CONTACT:

CLYDE L. TINKLEPAUGH, JR,

OMSA SECRETARY

PO BOX 540

CLAYMONT, DE 19703-0540

December-January

Those listed as new members have applied for 2010-11 membership in the Orders and Medals Society of America. If no proper writtenobjection to such membership is received from any member in good standing within sixty (60) days of publication, the applicantshall be admitted to membership (Article III, Section 3 of the OMSA Constitution, and Article III, Section 2 of the OMSA By-Laws).The collecting interests of each new member as provided on the membership application follow each new members address.

NEW MEMBERS 2011

#8094 Harry M. Jones (Internet) 5442Mount Corcoran Pl, Burke, VA 22015#8095 Vincent Guerrin (Gift) 249 5th#8096 Monica Aschenbrenner (Internet)

#8097 Philip Foster (Internet)

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ADDRESS CHANGES & CORRECTIONS

Braun, F. Carl #7027, PO Box 520786, ANNDEX AMP727, Miami, FL 33152

Willemsen, Thomas LM37, 2200 Eastbay Dr., Apt #67, Daphne, AL 36526

End of Report Clyde L. Tinklepaugh, Jr. Secretary


46/5644 JOMSA

COLLECTORS MARKETPLACE

Please Note: Price Decrease. All Future Collectors Marketplace Ads Now $10.00.

OMSA members can place a classified advertisement for $10.00 pereach six-line unit or fraction thereof with a limit of twelve lines. Adsover twelve lines will be computed at display ad rates. Send advertisingcopy directly to the Advertising Manager no later than 45 days prior

to the first day of the month of the two-month date of the issue. Forexample, advertising for the May-June issue is due at the AdvertisingManager by the 15th of March. The Journal is mailed on the 15th dayof the first month of each bimonthly issue, i.e. on 15 January for theJanuary-February issue, etc. Please consider this mailing schedulewhen placing any time-sensitive advertising. Please forward ad copyand payment directly to: OMSA Ad Manager: Melvin D. Mueller,1350 Scorpious Court, Merritt Island, FL 32953-3131

NOTICE: OMSA policy states that it is unethical to reproduce orknowingly sell or trade reproductions, copies, or fakes of orders,decorations, or medals unless they are clearly identified as such.

Moreover, any person who purchases an order, decoration, or medalin response to an advertisement in the Journal may return it for a fullthe refund with 45 days from the date of purchace upon presentationto the advertiser of a reasonable claim that the item was not as statedin the advertisement.

Wanted For Personal Collection: Panama Canal Service Medal,

STATE MEDALS FOR WAR SERVICE REVISED

EDITION

by 47 states and territories.

New BookFOR MILITARY MERIT: Recipients Of

The Purple Heart.

22903

Semper Paratus: Honors the U.S. Coast Guard in

World War II

corrections. Spiral-bound, $25.00 postpaid. Dean S.


48/5646 JOMSA

Buying & Selling

Campaign and Gallantry Medals

British and Foreign Militaria.

N13-14 Antiquarius

Chelsea, LondonSW3 4PW

Tel/fax: +44 (0)207 352 0308email: [email protected]


50/5648 JOMSA


52/5650 JOMSA



Available to OMSA Members

The Decorations and Medals of thePeacekeeping in the Balkans 1992-2005

Pictures of all nations medals

$46.00 (members $42.50)


54/5652 JOMSA


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