Maps and their UsesMaps and their Uses

Exploring Past LocalitiesExploring Past Localities

Richard Haddlesey

11/02/2008

Lecture planLecture plan

► Why use maps? What are their uses?Why use maps? What are their uses?

► Purpose of MapsPurpose of Maps

► Important periods when town plans were Important periods when town plans were produced produced

►Uses and CaveatsUses and Caveats

►Types of MapsTypes of Maps

Why use Maps and Plans?Why use Maps and Plans?

► Get basic idea of where a place is! Get basic idea of where a place is!

► A series of maps can show changeA series of maps can show change Walls added or demolishedWalls added or demolished Street numbering?Street numbering? Subtle changes (e.g. pub names, use)Subtle changes (e.g. pub names, use) Clustering (building types, dates, ownership –etc)Clustering (building types, dates, ownership –etc) Uses (barn conversion, house/shop) Uses (barn conversion, house/shop)

► CaveatsCaveats Accuracy decreases the further back in time the map Accuracy decreases the further back in time the map

was producedwas produced May represent original ideas rather than finished May represent original ideas rather than finished

buildingsbuildings Must remember original use of specific map or planMust remember original use of specific map or plan

Early Hampshire and Winchester Early Hampshire and Winchester maps (late 16th/ early 17thCs)maps (late 16th/ early 17thCs)

Saxton, Norton, Drayton, OgilbySaxton, Norton, Drayton, Ogilby John Speed’s Map of 1616John Speed’s Map of 1616 William Godson’s Map of 1750William Godson’s Map of 1750 Cole’s Map of 1805Cole’s Map of 1805 Gale’s Map of 1836Gale’s Map of 1836

Types of mapsTypes of maps

TerriersTerriers Thematic MapsThematic Maps ‘‘Invented’ MapsInvented’ Maps Leasehold MapsLeasehold Maps Sales ParticularsSales Particulars Architects/Building Control Plans (planning Architects/Building Control Plans (planning

permission)permission) Deposited Plans of railways (not illustrated)Deposited Plans of railways (not illustrated) Digital Mapping (GIS, GPS, LiDAR)Digital Mapping (GIS, GPS, LiDAR) Environment Agency / UtilitiesEnvironment Agency / Utilities

Purpose of Purpose of maps:maps:

contextcontext

Geoffrey of Geoffrey of MonmouthMonmouth

cc.1400.1400

Early Hampshire Map:Early Hampshire Map:Christopher Saxton (1543-c.1610)Christopher Saxton (1543-c.1610)

15751575

John Norden (born c.1540)John Norden (born c.1540)

1595159516071607

John SpeedJohn Speed► Possibly most famous Possibly most famous

of all English map-of all English map-makers. makers.

► Author of most Author of most important, and important, and prestigious atlas of prestigious atlas of his dayhis day

► Best known for Best known for the the Theatre of the Empire Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaineof Great Britaine

► Also produced the Also produced the first map of first map of Winchester (although Winchester (although not to scale)not to scale)

John Speed (1552-1629)

Speed’s Winchester, c. 1611

Michael Drayton, Michael Drayton, 16131613

John Ogilby 1675John Ogilby 1675

Kitchen 1751Kitchen 1751

Pre-Ordnance Survey mapsPre-Ordnance Survey maps

► Many other early Many other early maps of Hampshiremaps of Hampshire Michael Drayton, Michael Drayton,

16131613 Blaeu 1645Blaeu 1645 Jansson 1646Jansson 1646 Blome 1673Blome 1673 Ogilby 1675 Ogilby 1675 Morden 1695Morden 1695 Kitchin 1751Kitchin 1751 Harrison 1788 Harrison 1788

Uses and CaveatsUses and Caveats

► Street planStreet plan► Siting of town walls Siting of town walls ► Town gatesTown gates► Siting of then extant Siting of then extant

churches & churches & buildings buildings

► Extent of suburban Extent of suburban developmentdevelopment

► MAP REGRESSIONMAP REGRESSION

► Certain features may be Certain features may be exaggerated exaggerated

► Amount of open space Amount of open space often reduced to make often reduced to make way for enlarged way for enlarged depiction of buildingsdepiction of buildings

► No. of houses lining No. of houses lining streets rarely accuratestreets rarely accurate DON’T expect to be able DON’T expect to be able

to locate your property on to locate your property on Speed’s map of Speed’s map of Winchester!Winchester!

► Sometimes inaccurate Sometimes inaccurate depiction of buildings & depiction of buildings & spelling of street namesspelling of street names

Godson’s Map of Winchester, Godson’s Map of Winchester, 17501750

Eastgate HouseEastgate HouseWinchesterWinchester

c.1748c.1748

Milne 1791Milne 1791

Cole’s Map of Winchester,1805

OS map 1810OS map 1810

Greenwood Greenwood 18261826

1846

MedecroMedecroftft

1948194919431949194919431949

A Winchester TerrierA Winchester Terrier

Thematic Thematic MapsMaps

http://landuse.edina.ac.uk/

Using map layersUsing map layers

(Chapman, 2006)

aiding landscape perceptionsaiding landscape perceptions

1872-4 OS Map1872-4 OS Map

1910

►The Hampshire Record Office holds The Hampshire Record Office holds reproductions of the first edition 1 inch reproductions of the first edition 1 inch OS maps for Hampshire (1810-17) in OS maps for Hampshire (1810-17) in The Old Series Ordnance Survey Maps The Old Series Ordnance Survey Maps of England and Wales vol. III : South of England and Wales vol. III : South Central EnglandCentral England (Harry Margary, 1981) (Harry Margary, 1981)

►It also holds maps at the large scale of It also holds maps at the large scale of 50 inches to the mile, including a full 50 inches to the mile, including a full set of Winchester, c1870 set of Winchester, c1870

Keene’s Keene’s Medieval Medieval Work:Work:

RegressionRegression

LeaseholLeaseholdd

PropertyProperty

MapMap

Sales Sales

Particulars Particulars

MapMap

Other useful maps/ plans are Other useful maps/ plans are listed at:listed at:

http://www.hants.gov.uk/recohttp://www.hants.gov.uk/record-office/maps/building.htmlrd-office/maps/building.html

East elevation of the Corn Exchange, Winchester, drawn by Owen B Carter, 1836 W/J2/12

Some Winchester work to Some Winchester work to look atlook at

► All doctoral theses:All doctoral theses: Winchester houses and people c.1650-c.1710 : a study Winchester houses and people c.1650-c.1710 : a study

based on probate inventory evidence based on probate inventory evidence by Michael May by Michael May (1998)(1998)

A railway revolution? : a census-based analysis of the A railway revolution? : a census-based analysis of the economic, social and topographical effects of the coming of economic, social and topographical effects of the coming of the railway upon the city of Winchester c.1830-c.1890 the railway upon the city of Winchester c.1830-c.1890 by by Mark Allen (1999)Mark Allen (1999)

An urban study of central Winchester applying GIS An urban study of central Winchester applying GIS methodology to twentieth century directory and methodology to twentieth century directory and complementary sources complementary sources by Craig Pinhorne (2001)by Craig Pinhorne (2001)

Aspects of the development of Winchester's High Street Aspects of the development of Winchester's High Street 1550-2000, with special reference to the period since 1750, 1550-2000, with special reference to the period since 1750, by by Justine Cooper (2001)Justine Cooper (2001)

A taskA task

►Look at the maps I’ve brought inLook at the maps I’ve brought in► I want you to do some map regression I want you to do some map regression

on the site of the WORKHOUSEon the site of the WORKHOUSE What was there originally?What was there originally? When did the workhouse first appear?When did the workhouse first appear? What changes over time?What changes over time? What do the maps tell us before we start What do the maps tell us before we start

looking at documentary sources?looking at documentary sources?

Useful websitesUseful websites► http://edina.ac.uk/maps/http://edina.ac.uk/maps/ (Largest collection of (Largest collection of

geo-referenced maps (via HE subscription))geo-referenced maps (via HE subscription))

► http://http://website.lineone.net/~hantshistory/maps.htmlwebsite.lineone.net/~hantshistory/maps.html

(Hampshire Family History: Maps)(Hampshire Family History: Maps) ► http://http://

www.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/hantsmap/hantsmawww.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/hantsmap/hantsmap/hantsmap.htmp/hantsmap.htm (Old Hampshire Mapped)(Old Hampshire Mapped)

► www.old-maps.co.ukwww.old-maps.co.uk (1872-4 OS Map of Winchester – search & follow (1872-4 OS Map of Winchester – search & follow

the links)the links)