Many Roads To Home

LAN Roads

UTPSTPCoaxialFiber Optics

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Relies on cancellation to reduce EMIPrecise specifications for the number of twists per braidResistance = 100 ohmsBe sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

AdvantagesEasy to installLeast expensive of all mediaSmall diameter of cable Proper termination procedures insures reliable connection

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

DisadvantagesMore prone to EMI/RFI than any other cableShortest allowable length of any other cable.

Know these specs!!

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

All the advantages and disadvantages of UTP.Foil shields provide greater protection against EMI & RFI.Increased cost of cableBe sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of STP

Know these specs!!

Coaxial CableAdvantages

Longer cable runs than UTP & STP (up to 500m)Cheaper than using fiber for your backboneTechnology is well known (Cable TV)Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP

Coaxial Cable

DisadvantagesThickness of cableCopper shielding must be grounded at both ends of the connectionNo longer used as a LAN media

Coaxial Cable

Know these diagramed parts & their purposeBe sure to handle & inspect our classroom samples of coaxial cable

Know these specs!!

Fiber OpticsKnow these diagramed parts & their purpose

AdvantagesLonger runs than any other cable (2km)Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps)NO EMI!!

Fiber OpticsDisadvantages

Very expensive!!Difficult to install

Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone installations.

Know these specs!!

The “Standards Guys”

ISO—International Standards OrganizationIEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersTIA—Telecommunications Industry AssociationEIA—Electronics Industry AssociationUL—Underwriters Laboratories

TIA/EIA

TIA & EIA issue standards together for technologies that involve both telecommunications & electronics.TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact on networking media standardsTIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we will use when making our cables

TIA/EIA 568A Overview

Specifies cable performance & termination procedures for horizontal cablingSix categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6)CAT 5 UTP is most common

Horizontal v. Vertical Cabling

Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling that runs from work areas to the wiring closet.

Example: All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom is horizontal cabling

Vertical Cabling is another name for backbone cabling.

Example:The fiber optic cabling That connects us to the SSB

Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A)

Work Station(Patch Cable)

HorizontalCable Run

Cross-Connect Jumpers(Patch Cable)

3m 90m 6m+ + = 99m...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP

IEEE 802.3 (10Base-T Ethernet)

Has become the “chosen” LAN technology

Includes specifications for both Layer 1 & Layer 2

Your skill in 802.3 implementation will migrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-T

IEEE 802.3 Layer 1 Components

Passive Components (do not add energy)

CablingConnectorsJacksPatch Panels

Active Components (adds energy)Repeaters, Transceivers, & Hubs

Let’s briefly look at each passive component

10Base-T Cabling

Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 componentIt carries bits!CAT 5 is the 10Base-T standard cableThe twisting of wires limits signal degradation through cancellation.

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.3

10Base-T ConnectorsStandard 10Base-T Termination is the Registered Jack-45

Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins

Reduces noise, reflection, & mechanical stability problems

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.2

10Base-T Jacks

RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plug’s connectors.

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.4

10Base-T Patch PanelsPatch panels are used to conveniently group a work area’s connectionsOne side has a place for each RJ-45 plugThe back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity

See Pictures in Curriculum

Page 5.4.5

Collisions

Collision Review

Collisions occur in broadcast topologies where devices are attached to a shared media.Shared media is like shared highways.Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems.Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains

Collision Domains

Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur.Layer 1 devices will not separate (segment) collision domains.How many collision domains with…

A repeater?A hub?A repeater and a hub?

Collision Domain SegmentationSegmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains.Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why?The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic.What devices are capable of filtering?

Topology Overview

Linear Bus

All nodes directly connected to one physical link

Ring

Each node connected only to adjacent nodes.

Star

Advantage: all nodes can easily communicate

Disadvantage: core node failure

Extended Star

Each end node of the core acts as its own star topology

Hierarchical Topology

Also called a tree topologyNo central nodeTwo types:

Binary Tree-each node splits off into two nodesBackbone Tree

Which type is this graphic?

Complete Mesh

What’s unique about this topology?

Labs5.3.2, 5.3.4

5.3.5, 5.3.6

5.3.7