manufacturing processes

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Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid. ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Chapter 0 General Introduction

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Page 1: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 0

General Introduction

Page 2: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Materials in an Automotive Engine

Figure I.1 Section of an automotive engine - the Duratec V-6 - showing various components and the materials used in making them. Source: Courtesy of Ford Motor Company. Illustration by David Kimball.

Page 3: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Components in Products

• Some products are a single components (nail, bolt, fork, coat hanger, etc.)

• Some products are assemblies of many components (ball point pens, automobiles, washing machines, etc.)

• All components are manufactured.

• Manufacturing means, literally, “Made by Hand”.

Page 4: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

History of Manufacturing (until 1700)

Page 5: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

History of Manufacturing (1700-1960)

Page 6: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

History of Manufacturing (1960-2000s)

Page 7: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Materials Selection for Paper Clips

Figure I.2 Examples of the wide variety of materials and geometries for paper clips.

Questions for consideration:

• What material properties are required?

• What manufacturing attributes are required?

• Would the material and processing strategy change if the desired quantity was 10,000 vs. 1 million per day?

Page 8: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacture of Light Bulbs

Figure I.3a Components of a common incandescent light bulb. Source: Courtesy of General Electric Company.

Figure I.3b Manufacturing steps in making an incandescent light bulb. Source: Courtesy of General Electric Company.

Page 9: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Figure I.4 (a) Chart showing the various steps involved in design and manufacturing a product. Depending on the complexity of the product and the type of materials used, the time span between the original concept and the marketing of the product may range from a few months to many years. (b) Chart showing general product flow in concurrent engineering, from market analysis to selling the product. Source: After S. Pugh, Total Design. Addison-Wesley, 1991.

Product Design Process

Page 10: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Redesign of Parts

Figure I.5 Redesign of parts to facilitate assembly. Source: Reprinted from G. Boothroyd and P. Dewhurst, Product Design for Assembly, 1989. Courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Page 11: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Characteristics of Alloys

Page 12: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Baseball Bat Cross-sections

Figure I.6 Cross-sections of baseball bats made of aluminum (top portion) and composite material (bottom portion).

Page 13: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Casting

Figure I.7a Schematic illustration of various casting processes

Page 14: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Forming and Shaping

Figure I.7b Schematic illustration of various bulk deformation processes

Page 15: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Forming and Shaping

Figure I.7c Schematic illustration of various sheet metal forming processes

Page 16: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Forming and Shaping

Figure I.7d Schematic illustration of various polymer processing methods

Page 17: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Machining

Figure 1.7e Schematic illustrations of various machining and finishing processes.

Page 18: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing Processes: Joining

Figure I.7f Schematic illustration of various joining processes

Page 19: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Laser Cutting

Figure I.8 Cutting sheet metal with a laser beam. Source: Courtesy of Rofin-Sinar, Inc. and Manufacturing Engineering Magazine, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers

Page 20: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Hip Replacement

Figure 1.9 Components of a total hip replacement. Source: Courtesy of Zimmer, Inc.

Page 21: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Manufacturing of Hip Replacement

Figure 1.10 (a) Manufacturing steps in the production of a roll-formed and machined total hip replacement stem; (b) Manufacturing steps in the production of a forged stem. Hip stems can also be produced by investment casting, metal injection molding, insert injection molding, and assorted other processes. Source: Courtesy of Zimmer, Inc.

Page 22: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Microscopic Components

Figure I.11 (a) Microscopic gears with dust mite. Source: Courtesy Sandia National Laboratory; (b) A movable micromirror component of a light sensor.

Source: Courtesy of Richard Mueller, University of California at Berkeley.

Page 23: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Salt and Pepper Shakers

Figure I.12 A salt and pepper mill set. The two metal pieces (at the bottom) for the pepper mill are made by powder-metallurgy techniques. Source: Reproduced with permission from Success Stories on P/M Parts, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1998.

Page 24: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Automated welding of automobiles

Figure I.13 Automated spot welding of automobile bodies in a mass production line. Source: Courtesy of Ford Motor Company.

Page 25: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Application of CAD/CAM to make sunglasses mold

Figure I.14 Machining a mold cavity for making sunglasses.

(a) Computer model of the sunglass as designed and viewed on the monitor.

(b) Machine the die cavity using a computer numerical-control milling machine

(c) Final product. Source: Courtesy of Mastercam/CNC Software, Inc.

Page 26: manufacturing processes

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.

ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Hourly Compensation for Production Workers