mantak chia - tao5

7/31/2019 Mantak Chia - Tao5

1/28

!"#$%&'()*+(,*-,!&"()*$,)!.%*/*

*#0*1234*56789:;*

+2:*3?;*+2:*#9@6?1A0B:*6C*'A735A*

,0:*D80=?:=*EAF*D69:*G?AB13B:*

D:A730H*+A6;*IA43B*+?A3030H* G84230H*I:017F*16*E:5:76@*J68?*&661*

K6?*L69:0*,07F*12:*,5A?3A0*M80H*K8*&:4:A?B2*(0=*'18=F*


2/28

+2:*3?;*+2:*#9@6?1A0B:*6C*'A735A*

!! "#$%&'&!()%'%*+&!,-*'%$*!'.-!/$01-*!20%3%)4!5-6'#)4!'.-!7$8*'#%*!$9!:%9-;!".-

V#(!?$*-;!".-!&8?0%*+8#0!+0#*1&4!9$8*1!8*1-)!'.-!'$*+8-4!@)$186-!8@!'$!X[;!".-)-!#)-!#!*8,?-)!$9!,%*$)!%>#)-!Q6$))-&@$*1%*+!'$!'--'.!?#!90$(!%&!%*908-*6-1!@)%,#)%0-*'%*+!1-,%*-)#0%P#'%$*!#*1!@)$,$'%*+!1-,%*-)#0%P#'%$*!;!G.-*!90$(!)#'-!

%*6)-#&-&4!'.-!6$*6-*')#'%$*!$9!@)$'-%*4!&$1%8,4!6.0$)%1-4!#*1!?%6#)?$*#'-!+$-&!8@4!(.%0-!'.-!@.$&@.#'-!#*1!,#+*-&%8,!6$*6-*')#'%$*&!1-6)-#&-;!b$,@$&%'%$*!%&!#99-6'-1!?#!(%'.!.%+.-)!@)$'-%*!6$*'-*';!!'A735A*P69@6431360**

! M#0%>#!6$*'#%*&!-0-6')$0-*!$&,$'%6#00


3/28

')#*&-@%'.-0%#0!'!+)#1%-*'&;;;!+-*-)#'-1!?-!#*'%?#6'-)%#04!1%+-&'%>-4!#*1!,%*-)#0Y?%*1%*+!98*6'%$*&;!".-!0#''-)!#)-!%,@$)'#*'!%*!,#%*'#%*%*+!&8@-)'8)#'%$*!'$!@)->-*'!6#06808&!9$),#'%$*!#*1!-*#,-0!1-,%*-)#0%P#'%$*;!".-&-!@)$'-%*&!,$180#'-!#1.-&%$*!$9!,%6)$Y$)+#*%&,&!'$!$)#0!&8)9#6-&!#*1!6$*')$0!?#6'-)%#!#*1!98*+#0!6$0$*%P#'%$*!$9!'.-!,$8'.;!! M$,-!$9!'.-!@)$'-%*&!9$8*1!%*!%>#!#*1!'.-%)!98*6'%$*&c!! B,! /8&'%*c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

! G.-*!(-!6$*&8,-!.-#>%'#0%'#!'.-*!?-6$,-&!'.-!>-.%60-!'.)$8+.!(.%6.!$3


4/28

! d;!M#0%>#)#!%&!#!908%1!-36)-'-1!1%)-6'0#!,%3-&!(%'.!.$),$*-&;!M'%,80#'%$*!$9!'.-!+0#*1&4!0%C-!'.-!@%'8%'#)%?)#'%$*!+$-&!1--@!%*'$!'.-!?)#%*!#*1!1$(*!%*'$!'.-!6.-&'!#*1!(%00!.-0@!#6'%>#'-!'.-!+0#*1&4!-3-)6%&%*+!#*1!&')-*+'.-*%*+!'.-,4!)#'.-)!'.#*!0-#>%*+!'.-,!1)#%*-14!(.%6.!%&!(.#'!.#@@-*&!(.-*!'.-#!I%3-1!(%'.!M-38#0!H$),$*-&;!20%3%)!$9!%>#!,%3-1!(%'.!&-38#0!.$),$*-&;!G.-*!(-!#)-!&-38#00#;!K9!(-!&(#00$(!'.-!%>#!1$(*!'$!'.-!*#>-0!#)-#!%*!'.-!,#**-)!$8'0%*-14!'.-!?$1#;!! X;!b$&,%6!2&&-*6-!20%3%);!b$&,%6!2&&-*6-!20%3%)!)-&80'&!9)$,!,%3%*+!'.-!-&&-*6-!$9!60$81&4!6$&,%6!@#)'%60-&!90$#'%*+!%*!'.-!&C-)&-4!'.-!@)%,$)1%#0!9$)6-4!#*1!'.-!.$0-!'.-!--&!1$(*!&0%+.'0#)-!+#'.-)-1!#!,$8'.980!$9!%>#4!,$>-!#4!#*1!#%)!'$+-'.-);!


5/28

! e;!O-6$,-!#(#)-!$9!'.-!"#*!"%-*!%*!'.-!*#>-0!#)-#;!N%>%1-!'.-!%>#!%*'$!'.)--!@#)'&;!M(#00$(!'.-!9%)&'!@#)'!'$!'.-!*#>-04!'.-!&-6$*1!'$!'.-!0-9'!&%1-!$9!'.-!*#>-04!#*1!'.-!'.%)1!'$!'.-!)%+.'!&%1-!$9!'.-!*#>-0;!!! +2:*G?6@:?*LAF*16*'QA776Q*'A735A*! G.-*!'.-!-0%3%)!%&!)-#1#!1$(*;!f$8)!6#*!.-#)!'.-!+#?0$(!&$8*1!#*1!9--0!'.-!'.)$#'!,8&60-&!#*1!B1#,L&!#@@0-!

,$>-;!".%&!(%00!.-0@!#6'%>#'-!'.-!'.%1-!%'!#+#%*!%*'$!'($!@#)'&!#*1!0-'!%'!90$(!1$(*!'.-!$8'&%1-!$9!'.-!#),&4!'$!'.-!,%110-!9%*+-)&4!#*1!?#6C!8@!'$!'.-!@#0,&;!N)#(!'.-!-*-)+


6/28

,0:*D80=?:=*EAF*D69:*G?AB13B:*!(QAN:0*D:A730H*)3H21*

!! O-+%*!(%'.!'.-!K**-)!M,%0-!#*1!'.-!M%3!H-#0%*+!M$8*1&4!#*1!6$*'%*8-!(%'.!'.-!I%6)$6$&,%6!\)?%'!I-1%'#'%$*!9$8*1!%*!'.-!B(#C-*!H-#0%*+!:%+.'!?$$C;!! G#),Ya@!

! M'#)'!(%'.!'.-!b.%!g8*+!(#),Y8@&c!M@%*#0!b$)1!O)-#'.%*+4!&.#C%*+4!b)#*-!5-6C4!#*1!"8)'0-!5-6C;!7--0!

! QN$!M'#+-!\*-!9$)!W!(--C&;U!! d;!".-)-!#)-!9$8)!&'-@&!9$)!#00!-*-)+%#?)#'-!'.-!#?1$,-*U!'$!#6'%>#'-!'.-!-*-)+

#*1!%*'-&'%*-&;!! Z;!B6'%>#'-!'.-!M-38#0!b-*'-)!Q\>#)%#*!$)!M@-),!R#0#6-U;!! L69:0;!")#*&9$),!?0$$1!%*'$!b.%J!,#&+-!'.-!?)-#&'&;!QM--!7%+8)-!d;U!/#'.-)!b.%!9)$,!'.-!?)-#&'&4!>#+%*#0!#)-#4!#*1!+0#*1&!%*!'.-!?)#%*!%*'$!'.-!H-#)'!b-*'-);!I#&+-!'.-!C%1*--)4!#*1!+#00!?0#11-);!!! .:0;!")#*&9$),!b.%*+!QM@-),!2*-)+#!,%3%*+!(%'.!+0#*1&!#*1!&-38#0!-*-)+-)!Q@%6'8)-!#!+)--*!6$0$)!#*1!C%*1*-&&UJ!! -;!M@0--*4!@#*6)-#&!Q-;!K,#+%*-!#!@-)&$*!-!%*!9)$*'!$9!-!,$)-!0$>-!'$!+%>-!#9'-)!'.%&4!%,#+%*-!#!@-)&$*!-!R)#6'%6-!! ".-!9--0%*+!$9!0$>-!(%00!.-0@!-)#)%#*!O)-#'.%*+J!! ?;!R$(-)!:$6C!#*1!\)+#&,%6!a@(#)1!N)#(;!


7/28

! ];!/#'.-)!'.%&!9$)6-!%*'$!'.-!\)%+%*#0!7$)6-;!b$*6-*')#'-!$*!'.-!*#>-0!#*1!8&-!'.-!($)1!b.%!$)!6$8*'!9)$,!d!'$!e!#*1!e!'$!d!9$)!dT!'$!WT!,%*8'-&;!! e;!M(#00$(!'.-!M#0%>#!'$!/8%1-!'.-!I%6)$6$&,%6!\)?%'!! #;!\*6-!#'-!,$)-!%>#!(%'.!'.-!'$*+8-!#*1!,%3!%'!(%'.!$'.-)!9$)6-&!'$!?-6$,-!'.-!-0%3%);!!! ?;!M(#00$(!'.-!-0%3%)!'.)--!'%,-&!'$!'.-!"#*!"%-*!#*1!6$*6-*')#'-!8*'%0!%'!(#),&;!M@0%'!'.-!-0%3%)!b.%!

%*'$!'($!'$!90$(!QdU!1$(*!'.-!9)$*'!$9!'.-!9--'!'$!'.-!?%+!'$-&!#*1!?#6C!'$!'.-!&$0-&4!#*1!QWU!8@!'.-!?#6C!$9!'.-!0-+&!'$!'.-!@-)%*-8,!Q>#+%*#`'-&'%60-&4!#*8&U;!R#8&-!9$)!#!(.%0-;!! 6;!h-)-0!'$!9%*%&.!'.-!,-1%'#'%$*;!7%*%&.!?%*+!Z^!'%,-&!%*!$*-!1%)-6'%$*!#*1!WS!'%,-&!%*!)->-)&-4!?#6C!'$!'.-!*#>-0;!G$,-*!&'#)'!,$>%*+!'.-!-*-)+

! B9'-)!6$,@0-'%*+!M'#+-!\*-4!,$>-!$*!'$!M'#+-!"($!9$)!W!(--C&!#*1!'.-*!6$**-6'!'$!I$'.-)!2#)'.!2*-)+#'-!'.-!,%1-


8/28

! ?;!K*.#0-!'.)$8+.!'.-!,%1-#;U!!

! 1;!\@-*!'.-!.-#)'c!0-'!'.-!+$01-*!-0%3-)!90$(!1$(*!$)!&(#00$(!%'!1$(*!'$!'.-!.-#)'!#*1!9--0!,$)-!0$>-!9)$,!'.-!8*%>-)&-!90$(!%*'$!-0;!!! -;!E-@-#'!eYd]!'%,-&4!$)!#&!0$*+!#&!%'!'#C-&4!'$!9--0!#!>%?)#'%$*!%*!'.-!'$*+8-4!(.%6.!%*1%6#'-&!'.#'!'.-!-*-)+-)%*+!&-)>-&!#&!#!@)$'-6'%$*!9$)!'.-!?$1-&!-*-)+-0;!7--0!'.-,!#0%*-;!K*.#0-!'$!'.-!,%1Y--0!b-*'-)&4!#*1!-3.#0-!'$!'.-!M-38#0!b-*'-);!! ^;!K*.#0-!'$!'.-!,%1Y-*16*12:*P?6Q0*

! N$!M'#+-!\*-!'.)$8+.!7$8)!#*1!9$00$(!(%'.!M'#+-!7%>-!9$)!W!(--C&;!R%6'8)-!W'AB?89;!:%+.'0-)6$66


9/28

'.-*!-3.#0-!'$!-)-4!%*.#0-!$*-!,$)-!&%@!$9!#%)!'$(#)1!

&C800;!H$01!#'-!'.%&!@$%*'!?-)!9$)6-!#?$>-!-)!-)&-c!>%$0-' )-1!8*6$*1%'%$*#0!0$>-J!! ?;!".-!,%1Y-


10/28

D:A730H*)65:*+2?68H2*12:*+A6*

! M-38#0!@)#6'%6-!%&!@#)'!$9!$8)!@)-*#'#0!9$)6-!#*1!%&!'.-!,$&'!%,@$)'#*'!-*-)+-!&-38#0!-*-)+-4!&$,-'%,-&!C*$(*!#&!?0%&&!$)!-6&'#'-!&-38#0!-*-)+-!.#),$*-!%*!'.-!.-#)'U!#*1!9-,#0-!Q&-38#0!6$,@#&&%$*!#*1!&-38#0!1-&%)-U!-*-)+-0!%*!'.-!8*%>-)&-;!!IR*IA43B*+:B203]8:4;*! d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b-*'-)!#*1!'.-!.-#)'J!0-'!%'!90$(!8@!'$!'.-!C%1*--4!V$-*#'%*+!@$(-);!


11/28

! S;!h#00-#00--!#*1!$)+#&,J!%;-;4!'.-!?-&'!-&&-*6-!$9!'.-!?)#%*4!+0#*1&4!&-*&-&4!$)+#*&4!#*1!&-38#0!-*-)+-,#C%*+!8*'%0!'.-!0$>-!#*1!&-38#0!$)+#&,!6$,?%*-&!#&!$*-!-*-)+-!'.-,!%*!#!6%)60-;!a&-!'.-!,%*1!'$!+8%1-!'.-!$)+#&,!9--0%*+!8@!'.-!&%0>-)!@%@-!'$!'.-!?)#%*;!23.#0-;!E-0#3!1$(*!'$!'.-!'-&'%60-&!#*1!'.-!@-*%&4!8*'%0!-!6$*')$0;!7--0!'.-!$)+#&,!@800!8@!'$!'.-!?)#%*!#*1!9--0!%'!%*!'.-!?)#%*;!G.-*!#!6$*'#%*&!'.-!-&&-*6-!$9!'.-!&-38#0!-*-)+#;!K*!'.%&!(#-1!#'!0-#&'!XT[!0$*+-)!'.#*!'.-!*$),#04!9-)'%0-!,#0-&;!".-&-!($),&!0%>-1!8@!'$!dS!1#-)-1!'.#'!'.$&-!,#0-&!'.#'!(-)-!@)->-*'-1!9)$,!,#'%*+!Q6-0%?#6-1!&.$)'-)!0%>-&!'.#*!'.-!($),&!'.#'!.#1!&-3!?8'!1%1!*$'!0$&-!'.-!&@-),;!".$&-!*$'!.#>%*+!%*'-)6$8)&-!0%>-1!$*0-!,-'.$1!+$-&!?--4!#*1!+-*-)#'%>-!9$)6-&;!K'!*$8)%&.-&!'.-!(.$0-!?$1%1-&!'.-!-*-)+:?B34:*

!! G%'.!'.-!@)#6'%6-!$9!K)$*!M.%)'4!

! ")--&!.#>-!>-)


12/28

! d;!M'#)'!(%'.!'.-!@#0,&!9#6-!1$(*!'$!#6'%>#'-!'.-!-#)'.!.-#0%*+!-*-)+-!-*0-0!#*1!1$!MC%*!#*1!O$*-!O)-#'.%*+;!b$00-6'!'.-!-*-)+-0!(%'.!'.-!C*--&;!O)-#'.-!%*'$!'.-!C%1*-


13/28

D:A730H*+A6;*IA43B*+?A3030H*!! ".-!H-#0%*+!"#$!,#C-&!#>#%0#?0-!,#*

! ".%&!@)#6'%6-!(%00!'-#6.!-!9--0%*+&!-!#668,80#'-1!%*!'.-!($)01!#*1!6$*&-)>-!

bdT!M%3!.-#0%*+!M$8*1&!Q/8%1-1!R)#6'%6-U!

!$3=:61A@:4*

!R)$9-&&%$*#00-*#'%$*;!! G-#C!&-*&-&4!+0#*1&4!#*1!$)+#*&!#)-!-#&%0-*#'-!'.-,!#&!1-&6)%?-1!%*!b.%!M-09YI#&+-;!R)#6'%6-!9$)!9$8)!

'$!-%+.'!(--C&;!7--0!'.-!-99-6'&!$*!

! f$8)!:%9-Y9$)6-!K'!%&!%,@$)'#*'!9$)!-*0-0


14/28

h^dY"!I%6)$6$&,%6!\)?%'`".-$)

h^dYI!!I%6)$6$&,%6!\)?%'!I-1%'#'%$*!QG$)C&.$@U!!YR*P604:?5:*A0=*+?A04C6?9*12:*':>8A7*%0:?HF*

! ".-!*-3'!&'-@!%&!'$!0-#)*!.$(!'$!6$*&-)>-4!6$*')$04!#*1!')#*&9$),!'.-!6)-#'%>-!9$)6-!$9!&-38#0!-*-)+#'%*+!7-,#0-!M-38#0!2*-)+

bW_!H-#0%*+!:$>-!Q&-'!$9!9$8)!G$)C&.$@!'#@-&U!!P69O30:=*-!".)$8+.!'.-!"#$`".-$)

h^ZYR!H-#0%*+!:$>-!".)$8+.!'.-!"#$`R)#6'%6-;!QG$)C&.$@U!

hSTY/!H$,-!O#&%6!M%''%*+!I-1%'#'%$*!Qb$,?%*-1!/8%1-1!R)#6'%6-!%*!B*%,#'%$*U!!ZR*.A0AH30H*J68?*)3C:SC6?B:*

! \*6-!

!!$3=:61A@:4**

hX_Y"R!K)$*!M.%)'!b.%!g8*+!K!".-$)


15/28

g8*+!KKK4!(%00!+8%1-!

hX]Y"R!K)$*!M.%)'!b.%!g8*+!KKK`".-$)-0!$9!,-1%'#'%$*!#9'-)!,#&'-)%*+!'.-!I%6)$6$&,%6!\)?%'!I-1%'#'%$*;!K*!'.-!?$$C4!78&%$*!$9!'.-!7%>-!20-,-*'&!K4!'.-!"#$%&'!K**-)!B06.-,-!-*-)+-!-*-)+-!,#V$)!9$)6-&!%*!*#'8)-!#*1!'.-!8*%>-)&-;!!f$8!'.-*!98&-!'.-&-!-*-)+%-&!%*'$!

$3=:61A@:4**

!h^SY"!78&%$*!$9!7%>-!20-,-*'&!K`".-$)

!h^SYI!78&%$*!$9!7%>-!20-,-*'&!K`I-1%'#'%$*!QG$)C&.$@U!![R*P23*":3*+4A0HS#01:?0A7*,?HA04*P23*.A44AH:*

! K*!'.-!?$$C!-*'%'0-14!b.%!5-%!"*+c!K*'-)*#0!\)+#*&!b.%!I#&+-4!

h^_Y"RK!b.%!5-%!"*+!".-$)

h^]YR!b.%!5-%!"*+L&!H-#0%*+!R$(-)!R)#6'%6-!!'!..(&J*,K*+D%*G&(P+#P%*

#R* +?A04C6?9*'1?:44*#016*$31A731F**

f$8!&.$801!&'#)'!(%'.!'.-!?$$C&4!"#$%&'!G#-*#'%$*;!K*!'.-!9%)&'!?$$C4!'.-!K**-)!M,%0-!@)#6'%6-!1%>%1-&!'.-!?$1-4!V$-)!#*1!+#00!?0#11-)4!'#@!%*'$!'.-!-*-)+

! X;!".-!C%1*--!#*1!&-38#0!-*-)+-!")#6'!! d;!/#'.-)!&$,-!%>#!?%*+!'.-!'$*+8-!#)$8*1!#*1!($)C%*+!'.-!&%1-&!$9!'.-!,$8'.4!$)!1)%*C!#!9-(!&%@&!$9!)$$,!'-,@-)#'8)-!(#'-);!! W;!M,%0-!1$(*!#*1!)-0#3;!7$00$(!'.-!9--0%*+!$9!'.-!%>#!$)!(#'-)!90$(%*+!1$(*!'.-!1%+-&'%>-!')#6'!#00!'.-!(#$8&!M


16/28

! Z;!M,%0-!%*'$!'.-!&,#00!?)#%*!#'!'.-!?#&-!$9!'.-!&C8004!#*1!1$(*!'$!'.-!&@%*#0!6$)1;!E-0#3!#*1!9--0!%'!)-6-%>-!'.-!&,%0%*+!-*-)+-0;!!##R*'3>*D:A730H*'680=4*

! ".-!&$8*1&!#99-6'!'.-!$)+#*&4!@)$,$'%*+!.-#0%*+!#*1!)-0-#&%*+!*-+#'%>-!-*-)+-!-,$'%$*&!#*1!6$$0!'.-!-36-&&!.-#'!'.#'!.#&!?8%0'!8@!18)%*+!$6#00#'-!#;!M(#00$(!'.-!%>#!#&!,86.!#&!#!%&!#0&$!C*$(*!#&!'.-!-0%3%)!#*1!%&!>-)-!'.-!08*+&;!"#C-!#!)-&'J!&,%0-!'$!'.-!08*+&4!?)-#'.-!#!(.%'-!6$0$)4!#*1!9--0!'.-!>%)'8-!$9!6$8)#+-!+)$(;!! W;!g%1*--)!M$8*1c!M.....J!?)%+.'!+)--*J!C%*1*-&&;!!! S;!H-#)'!M$8*1c!H#((((J!?)%+.'!)-1J!0$>-4!V$-!#*1!-36-&&!-*-)+-!'.-!?$1


17/28

G84230H*I:017F*+6*E:5:76@*J68?*&661*!! K!9%*1!,%-(4!#*14!&%*6-!'.-

-*'.8&%#&,4!'.--)-);!! H-)!)-&@$*&-!6#8&-1!,-!'$!)-90-6'!$*!'.-!6$*')%?8'%$*&!$9!#!@8&.-)!?-#)%-1!*#'8)-!$9!'.-!@8&.!%'&-09!6#*!?-!#!>-)

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


18/28

1%99-)-*'!@8&.%*+!'-6.*%=8-&!6$,,$*0#)%#*'!'$!'.%&4!-0$@!#*!%*1%>%18#0!)$$'%*+!&C%00!(%'.!-#6.!&.$801-);!! B+#%*4!#&!-0$@!.%&!&C%00&!,$)-!=8%6C0&;!#!D+$#0!$)%-*'-1D!#@@)$#6.;!M-''%*+!+$#0&!%&!9%*-4!?8'!?-%*+!$>-)0-&'-1!%*!'.-,!'$!'.-!@$%*'!(.-)-!'.-!@)$6-&&!6#**$'!?-!#@@)-6%#'-1!%&!'$$!0%,%'%*+4!0%C-!'-*&%*+!#*1!&%*C%*+!%*'$!-!6$,-!'$!)-6$+*%P-!K)$*!M.%)'!#&!#!,-'#@.$)!9$)!0%9-;!O$*-&!'.-,&-0>-&!#)-!%*1%>%18#00


19/28

K6?*L69:0*,07F*+2:*,5A?3A0*M80H*K8*&:4:A?B2*(0=*'18=F*


20/28

! ".-!_TL&!(-)-!#!@-)%$1!$9!&$6%#0!9-),-*'4!(%'.!,#*-,-*'&!+$%*+!$*!#'!'.-!,-!'%,-c!($,-*L&!0%?-)#'%$*4!0-&?%#*!#*1!+#-*!'$1#-)!9#C-1!#*!$)+#&,FD!!

,?HA493B*!@QA?=*E?AQ*IF@A44:4*#)%#*!g8*+!78!E-&-#)6.!#*1!M'81-!&'#)'-1!'$!&@-#C!$8'!#?$8'!%*6-&';!K*!(.#'!(#&!'.$8+.'!'$!.#@@-*!$*0-)'&4!%'!%&!*$(!#@@#)-*'!'.#'!#!&%+*%9%6#*'!*8,?-)!$9!D*$),#0D!,-*!)-+80#)0-)!eT[!$9!%*6-&'!%&!@-)@-')#'-1!?-!)-&$8)6-&!&86.!#&!($,-*L&!6-*'-)&!'.#'!$99-)!&8)>%>$)!+)$8@&;k!! H$(!6#*!#!($,#*!(.$0-.-#)'-10-!%9!.-)!9%)&'!-3@-)%-*6-!$9!#180'!&-3!(#&!#&!#!-4!@-).#@&!@#%*980!#*1!1%&+8&'%*+4!#*1!#!'$'#0!?-')#-0;!K9!%6'%,;!O-)!,#)%#*!g8*+!784!-&@-6%#00-!20-,-*'&!0->-0!K4!.#&!?--*!#*!%,@$)'#*'!#00-!-,$'%$*&!%*'$!>%)'8-&!'.#'!#0&$!.#>-!'.-%)!?%)'.)%+.'!

%*!'.-!$)+#*&;!B&!#!($,#*!@)#6'%6-&!'.-!78&%$*!K!9$),80#4!&.-!?-+%*&!'$!')#*&9$),!'.-!-!-*-)+


21/28

!

D:A730H*I:F60=*+2:*PA12673B*P28?B2*!

\)!H$(!K!5#>%+#'-1!9)$,!'.-!h#'%6#*!")%#*+0-!'$!'.-!"#$!/0$?-!!! \*6-!-!?--*!)#%&-1!%*!'.-!b#'.$0%6!b.8)6.4!-!'.#'!$*-!6$801!-3%&'!(%'.$8'!?-%*+!#!b#'.$0%6;!

! G-004!%*!'.-!H-#0%*+!"#$!K!*$'!$*0-4!(.%6.!%&!$9!7#'.-)4!M$*4!#*1!M@%)%'l!! ".-!b.8)6.!-&'#?0%&.-&!%'&-09!#&!#!,%110-,#*4!$)!'.-!$*0-*l!f$8!#)-!'#8+.'!'$!6$*&'#*'0-)!0#(;!K!@8&.!'.-!(#00&!$9!,$)#0!@-)6-@'%$*!#*1!+8%0'Y9--0%*+&!#&%1-!#*1!9--0!6$,9$)'#?0-!%*!'.-!f%*!#*1!f#*+!?#0#*6-!(%'.%*!,-1!9)$,!'.-!/)--C!@.#%*-%*D!Q'$!#@@-#)!$)!%,#+%*-U!$9!'.-!"#$4!(.%6.!%*-3@0%6#?0-!b$*6$)1#*6-!$9!'.-!b#'.$0%6!O%?0-!Q".$,#&!5-%&$*!R8?0%&.-)&U4!'.-!($)1!D-*-)+-)!1-,$*&')#'-&!.$(!'$!#''#%*!%'!$)!'$!0%>-!%*!%*'-)*#0!@-#6-!(%'.!%';!G.-*!&-3!?-6#,-!,$)-!@$(-)980!'.#*!'.-!&@%)%'8#0!-3@-)%-*6-!$9!)-0%+%$*4!K!?-6#,-!#!'%*-*'8)-!'$!-*!'.$8+.!%'!%&!*$'!'-#6.%*+!6-0%?#6-0!$9!b.%!#*1!b.%*+Yb.%!680'%>#'%$*!)-#6.-&!#!>-)-0!#*1!%&!%*'-+)#'-1!(%'.!M.%-*!$)!M@%)%'4!'.-!#(#)-*-&&!-3'-*1&!'$!#*!->-*!(%1-)!9%-01!;;;!8*%>-)!0$>-!;;;!#*1!6$,@#&&%$*;D!! K*!-&$'-)%6!D"#$&[email protected]!$*!'.-!.8,#*!0->-0;!! O#'%*+!,-!'$(#)1!.%+.-)!&-38#0!0->-0&!'.#'!)-%*9$)6-!,$08'%$*4!,


22/28

-3@-)%-*6-!#*1!'.-!0$+%&'%6!8*1-)&'#*1%*+!$9!'.-!"#$;!7$)!'.-!9%)&'!'%,-!%*!,-!'.-!6%)!680#'%*+!$)!$)?%'%*+!

$9!,%*+!9-'8&Y9%*#00-14!%'!%&!%1!'$!?)-#'.-!-0-6')$,#+*-'%6#00-1;!:%C-(%&-4!&86.!0%>%*+!0%+.'!6#**$'!#1-=8#'-0%$8&0-!1%&68&&-1!'.-&-!6$,@#)%&$*&!'.#'!@$)')#-!9800*-&&!$9!b.%*+!Q-,$'%$*U4!b.%!Q?)-#'.!$9!0%9-U4!$)!M.-*!QM@%)%'U;!!! K9!'.-!')%#*+80#)!&%1-&!#)-!8*%0#'-)#04!#*1!'.-)-!#)-!,#*%-(&!'.-!.%+.-&'!0->-04!/$14!#&!,$&'!-#&%0-!'.%&!&@#6-!#&!#!&@.-)-4!-0-6')$,#+*-'%6#00-)!".-

+0$?-;!K*!'.-!+0$?-4!#!')8-!9$),!$9!$*-*-&&4!6$,@0-'-*-&&4!9800*-&&4!#*1!@8)%'-)!9$)6-&!1$(*!'$!$8)!&-38#0!-*-)+%-&!'$!98)'.-)!9%00!'.#'!+0$?-!(%'.!b.%!-*-)+


23/28

! M@%)%'!%&!&$,-(.#'!0%C-!,-'.#*-;!B!0%+.'!6#**$'!?8)*!(%'.$8'!,-'.-&!8&!98)'.-)!%*&%+.'!%*'$!'.%&!@)$6-&&;!".-!%*6$,%*+!6$&,%6!-*-)+%-&!,8&'!?-!@-)9-6'0%*+!g$&,$&;!".8&!K!#00$(!,%18#0!(%'.!'.#'!8*1-)&'#*1%*+!'$!6$*6-*')#'-!#*1!,#*%@80#'-!'.#'!6$&,%6!-*-)+


24/28

%B676H3BA7*E:5:7*)@9:01*K6?**+2:*D:A730H*+A6*P:01:?*#0*+2A37A0=*

!! E#%*-)!O-)6.'$01!%&!#!I-6.#*%6#0!2*+%*--)!(.$!.#&!'#C-*!.%,&-09!#!&'-@!98)'.-)!?

!,8?*'6B3:1F*6C*+AN:*S*P60489:*+2?6Q*(QAF*PFB7:4*

!! K*!$8)!,$1-)*!0%9-&'-!?-6$,-!%*6)-#&%*+0%)$*,-*'!'$!&8%'!8&4!1%&)-+#)1%*+!'.-!1#,#+-!(-!,#-!#!9-(!)-=8%)-,-*'&c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


25/28

! ".-!60-#*!#*1!@8)-!(#'-)!+$-&!%*'$!'.-!.-#'!-36.#*+-!6$*1-*'%$*!6.#,?-)4!#*1!'.-!%,@8)-!(#'-)!90$(&!'.)$8+.!#*!$8'0-'!@%@-;!! 2;!E-'8)*%*+!5#'8)#0!2*-)+-!#+#%*;!

7;!M'$)%*+!'.-!G#'-)!! ".-!(#'-)4!#&!%'!+$-&!'.)$8+.!'.-!98**-0!6)-#'%*+!#!>$)'-34!9%*#00

###R*D89A0*LA41:*&:BFB7:*! ".-!.8,#*!?$1-)%)$*,-*';!K*!,$&'!6#&-&4!&-(-)!(#'-)!'.#'!6#))%-&!.8,#*!(#&'-!%&!1%&@$&-1!$9!%*!&-@'%6!'#*C&4!(%'.$8'!@)$@-)!')-#',-*';!K'!@#&&-&!'$!'.-!8*1-)+)$8*1!(#'-)!&8@@0


26/28

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b;!7%*#0!G#'-)!O-0!%*!-#6.!&'-@!6)-#'%*+!#!(#'-)9#00!-99-6';!! O;!".-!b)-#'%$*!#*1!a&-!$9!N$%)!'#*C;!".%&!%&!@$&&%?0-!18-!'$!&,#00!.-%+.'!1%99-)-*6-&!$9!$*0#'%>-!#*1!#*6%-*'!,-'.$1&!$9!0#*1!,#*#+-,-*'!#*1!@)$'-6'%$*4!#*1!#!6.#*6-!'$!&--!.$(!'.-!0%>%*+!"#$!%&!@8'!%*'$!@)#6'%6-!%*!#00!#)-#&!$9!->-)


27/28

$#R*+2:*I837=30H*.A1:?3A7*34*(=6O:*

! B1$?-!%&!#0&$!C*$(*!#&!)#,,-1!-#)'.4!&')#(!60#

%&!ZTT!RMK;!G%'.!'.-!*-(!.%)$*,-*'!! d;!a&%*+!'.-!0$6#0!0#*14!(.%6.!9$)!,%00%$*&!$9!%*+!6-00&;!! W;!K'!(%00!.-0@!)-186-!')#*&@$)'#'%$*!#*1!-*-)+%'-!-*-)+


28/28

!

mantak chia - tao5

Documents