mang truy nhap ( mang ngoai vi )

8/2/2019 Mang Truy Nhap ( Mang Ngoai Vi )

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T a i l ieu hoc ta p

Mon hoc

MANG NGOAI VIDanh cho sinh vien he cao ang chnh quy

Bien soan:N guyen V a n H ien

2003


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C hng 1

MO HNH MANG NGOAI VI

1. Mo hnh tong quat mang vien thong ..................................................................................................................1

2. Mang truy nhap thue bao .............................................................................................................................................1

2.1. Cau truc mang truy nhap thue bao .........................................................................................................1

2.2. Cac thanh phan trong mang truy nhap thue bao ............................................................... 2

2.3. Cac hnh thc truy nhap thue bao ...................................................................................................... 2

2.3.1. Mang truy nhap thue bao cap kim loai .................................................................................... 2

2.3.2. Mang truy nhap thue bao cap quang.....................................................................................4

2.3.3. Mang truy nhap thue bao vo tuyen ....................................................................................... 5

2.3.4. He thong VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal)...................................................... 5

3. Cac dch vu vien thong trong mang ngoai vi .......................................................................................... 5


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M ohnh mang ngoai vi T ra ng 1

N guyen V an H ien Khoa Vien thong II 2 0 0 3

1. Mo hnh tong quat mang vien thong

Mang vien thong co the c mo ta ngan gon thong qua mo hnh phan lp nh

sau:- Lp chuyen mach va dch vu- Lp chuyen van (truyen dan)- Lp truy nhap

2. Mang truy nhap thue bao

Mang truy nhap la phan mang noi cac thue bao ti tong ai noi hat. No cho phepcac thiet b thue bao noi ti cac nut dch vu. Nut dch vu la mot phan t mang cungcap kha nang truy cap vao cac loai chuyen mach khac nhau.

2.1. Cau truc mang truy nhap thue bao

Cau truc n gian nhat cua mang truy nhap thue bao la ngi ta ch can noi cacthiet b tai nha thue bao ti tong ai bang mot oi day ca p ong.

Neu chung ta bo tr cap vi mc o ln hn c 10 oi, 20 oi en vung phu cancua mot nhom nha thue bao. Nh vay, bat c thue bao nao trong vung phuc vucung c cung cap dch vu nhanh chong hn. Si cap nhieu oi se c ket cuoitai mot thiet b goi la iem phan phoi (DP: Distribution Point)

Viec lap at va quan ly cac cap 10 oi hoac 20 oi t tong ai en cac DP sen gian hn la viec phan thanh cac oi day rieng le.

Tuy nhien, neu ta xem xet trng hp tat ca cac oi day cua DP2 a c sdung het ma trong vung van con nhu cau lap at thue bao, trong khi o 20 oi day

cap cua DP1 cha c s dung het nh khong the phuc vu cac thue bao trongvung cua DP2. Nh vay lam the nao e ta thc hien viec m rong cac oi day cuaDP1 cho cac thue bao trong vung cua DP2?

Van theo cach chung ta gop nhom nhieu thue bao vao mot DP, ta co the gopnhom mot so DP lai va tap trung vao mot thiet b chung. Nh vay, ta can phai thietlap mot dem noi cheo (CCP: Cross Connection Point)


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Bay gi se co mot cap ln hn i en iem noi cheo. CCP se cho phep bat coi cap nao en bat c DP nao trong vung cua chung, nh the se lam tang tnhmem deo cua oi day, chnh v vay ma CCP con c goi la iem mem deo. Ten

goi chung cua iem CCP la tu cap (Cabinet). Vung phuc vu cua mot tu cap co thelen en vai tram thue bao.

Bay gi ta at trng hp co mot si cap 1200 oi t tong ai noi en mot tu capva mot si cap 800 oi noi en mot tu cap khac. Neu tat ca cac oi day cua mot tucap a c s dung het trong khi tu cap khac van con d ta cung khong the bosung qua c. Nh vay, mot lan na lai co mot so oi day cap c s dungkhong ung cho.

Nh vay ta co the s dung mang co hai iem noi cheo

2.2. Cac thanh phan trong mang truy nhap thue bao

- Dan phoi tuyen- Tu cap- Tap iem/Hop cap- Cap chnh- Cap phoi- Cap lien tram- Cap lien tu- Day thue bao

2.3. Cac hnh thc truy nhap thue bao

2.3.1. Mang truy nhap thue bao cap kim loai

ay la he thong truy nhap ra i sm nhat, c s dung ngay t nhng ngay

au tien hnh thanh mang thong tin lien lac tren the gii.

Cau truc cua mang truy nhap thue bao truyen thong co cac ac iem sau:

- Can c vao khu vc phuc vu cua tong ai khac nhau, chieu dai cua day capt tong ai en thue bao cung rat khac nhau t vai chuc met en vai Km.

- ng knh day dan thng la 0.4 mm hoac 0.5 mm.- Khu vc phan bo rongng knh cua mot so oi day co the khong giong nhau.


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Trong tng lai cac cong ty ien thoai se phai tang cng cung cap cac dch vunh video theo yeu cau, truyen hnh o phan giai cao, cac nhu cau nay oi hoi daithong rong, toc o cao v vay van e can quan tam la phai khac phuc cac han che

cua mang truy nhap truyen thong.Do a au t kha nhieu vao mang cap kim loai hien hu nen ngi ta tm cach

tan dung kha nang cua mang hien co. V vay, phat sinh mot yeu cau cap bach lacac nha cung cap dch vu phai cai tien cong nghe e cung cap dai tan cao tren capkim loai hien hu.

Mot ho cong nghe chuyen t mang truy nhap bang hep tren cap kim loai sangmang bang rong la ho cong nghe x.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Trong congnghe DSL, modem c noi ti cap xoan oi, chuyen tn hieu tng t sang tn

hieu so va truyen tren ng truyen so co kha nang x ly d lieu vi cac to okhac nhau.

Cau hnh cua he thong x.DSL co the c mo ta nh hnh ve di ay:

Mang so lieu

HDSL

SDSL

ADSL

HDSL

SDSL

ADSL

VDSLVDSL

4 day

2 day

2 day

2 daySi quang

Mang thoai

Mang thoai

Cap kim loai


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2.3.2. Mang truy nhap thue bao cap quang

Mang truy nhap cap quang (OAN: Optical Access Network) la mang truy nhap

chu yeu s dung cap quang lam phng tien truyen dan.Mang truy nhap cap quang gom co cac loai sau ay:

- FTTCab Fiber To The Cabinet- FTTB Fiber To The Building- FTTC Fiber To The Curb- FTTC Fiber To The Home

Di ay la hnh ve mo ta cac dang truy nhap cap quang:

OLT

ONU

FTTC

ONU

FTTB

ONU

ONT

FTTC

FTTH

Cabinet

Metalic

DP

Optical fiber

Optical fiber

Optical fiber

Cabinet

Curve

Subscriber

Central office

OPS


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2.3.3. Mang truy nhap thue bao vo tuyen

Truy nhap vo tuyen la phng thc dung toan bo hay mot bo phan vo tuyen t

nut dch vu en thiet b thue bao.2.3.4. He thong VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal)

He thong truy nhap s dung ve tinh co goc m rat nho thng c s dung nhng vung xa, vung co lap chang han nh hai ao.

3. Cac dch vu vien thong trong mang ngoai vi

Mang truy nhap co the ho tr nhieu loai dch vu:

- Dch vu ien thoai thong thng (POST: Plain Old Telephone Service)- Dch vu ISDN bang hep- Dch vu truy cap Internet- Dch vu CATV-


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C hng 2

CAP TRONG MANG NGOAI VI

1. Cap kim loai oi xng ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1. Cau tao................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1.1. Ruot cap....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1.2. Man bao che ien t .................................................................................................................................... 101.1.3. Vo boc ngoai .......................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.2. Cac tham so truyen dan ................................................................................................................................ 14

1.2.1. S truyen dan nang lng tren mach cap ........................................................................ 14

1.2.2. Nhng hieu ng khi truyen dong ien cao tan ............................................................... 15

1.2.3. Tham so truyen dan bac 1 ................................................................................................................... 17

1.2.4. Tham so truyen dan bac 2 ............................................................................................................... 19

2. Cap ong truc .................................................................................................................................................................... 20

2.1. Cau tao .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20

2.2. Cac ac tnh ien ................................................................................................................................................... 21


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C a p tro ng mang ngoa i vi T ra ng 6


1. Cap kim loai oi xng

1.1. Cau tao

Nhn chung cap doi xng gom cac thanh phan c ban sau ay:

- Ruot cap- Man bao che ien t- Vo cap

1.1.1. Ruot cap

Ket cau cua day dan

Day dan co mot yeu cau c ban la phai dan ien that tot, ngha la ien tr phaicang nho cang tot. Song yeu cau o con phai dung hoa vi mot ieu kien khac las dung vat lieu de kiem, re tien

Day ruot cap eu co cau truc hnh tru tron, vi yeu cau la ng knh phai eu,mat ngoai phai nhan.

Tuy theo yeu cau s dung ma ng knh day dan co cac c khac nhau.

Hnh 2.1: Cau tao cap kim loai


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Cau truc day dan cung tuy thuoc vao yeu cau s dung, co the co cac loai sauay:

- Day dan ac va tron- Day dan ben- Day dan lng kim- Day dan co nhieu si nho xoan xung quanh mot si to gia.

Chat cach ien day dan

Vat lieu cach ien dung ngan cach cho cac day ruot cap la mot phan t ket caucc ky quan trong oi vi cap thong tin, bi vay ngi ta het sc chu y va khongngng cai tien phan t nay.

e anh gia mot chat cach ien tot hay xau, ngi ta da vao cac thong so diay:

- ien ap xuyen thung E- ien tr suat S- Hang so tham thau cua ien moi - Lng tieu hao tgTrong che tao ngi ta thng dung cac vat lieu cach ien nh:

- Giay- Si thien nhien va t nhan tao- Nha PE- Nha PVC

Hnh 2.2: Cau truc day dan cua ruot cap


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Quy luat xep at bo day ruot cap thong tin

Quy luat xep at bo day ruot hay noi cach khac la cau truc cua loi cap la motvan e co tam quan trong ac biet, v s anh hng qua lai gia cac mach day, tc

la anh hng xuyen nhieu khi truyen a tn hieu nang hay nhe, th ngoai s quyetnh cua chat cach ien, con lai la v tr tng quan gia cac day dan quyet nh.

e i sau vao cau truc loi cap ta lan lt nghien cu nhng van e sau:

Nhom day

Trong cap oi xng th cac si day dan sau khi c boc chat cach ien khongsap xep ri rac, ma lien ket theo tng nhom xoan lai vi nhau, moi nhom xoantheo mot bc xoan nhat nh.

Ngi ta lay nhom 2 day lam nhom c ban.e giam anh hng qua lai gia hai mach day ngi ta lap mot nhom 4 day cua

2 mach.

ng knh nhom day

Mot van e at ra la sau khi xoan day th cac tham so ien kh cua mach day seco s thay oi, ma s thay oi o phu thuoc vao ng knh cua nhom xoan.

Da tren c s ng knh d 1

ng knh cua nhom xoan oi

cua day dan co cach ien e tnh ng knh cuanhom day

e xac nh, ta hay xuat phat t hnh ve sau:

Xoan oi

Xoan hnh sao

Xoan oi kep

Hnh 2.3: Cac kieu xoan day


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T hnh ve ta co :11 71,1 dxddp =+=

ng knh cua nhom xoan bon hnh sao

T hnh ve ta co :141,2 dds =

He so xoan va bc can bang

He so xoan la mot he so noi len o dai thc cua mach day a tang len bao nhieu

lan so vi o dai cua cap.Bc can bang : nh a noi viec xoan day ngoai muc ch chu yeu la chong sanh hng qua lai gia cac mach day.

S sap xep cac nhom day trong bo day ruot cap

Tren ay ta a e cap en ket cau cua nhom day c ban. ay ta xem xet ssap xep cac nhom c ban ay trong bo day ruot.

Nhn chung th s sap xep bo day ruot cua cap oi xng co hai loai:

-

Sap xep ong nhat.- Sap xep hon hp.Trong hai loai tren lai chia ra loai xoan theo chum va xoan theo lp.

dpx

d1

dsxd1


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1.1.2. Man bao che ien t

Cau tao cua man che chan

Nh a biet muon tranh c anh hng cua trng ien t cho thiet b th ngita thng ap dung nguyen tac long Faraday.

oi vi cap thong tin cung vay, e tranh anh hng cua trng ien t do ngday ien lc gay nen, anh hng cam ng cua ng day cao tan khac, anh hngcua cac nguon xuyen nhieu t ben ngoai, tham ch s anh hng gia cac nhom vinhau trong cung mot bo day ruot, ngi ta cung ap dung nguyen tac long Faraday.

Sap xep ong nhat

Sap xep

Theo chum

Sap xep

Theo lp

Sap xep hon hp (theo lp)

Hnh 2.4: Cac dang sap xep chu yeu cua bo day ruot


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Man bao che phai cau tao bang nhng kim loai thch hp va di nhieu hnhthc ket cau khac nhau sao cho phu hp vi oi hoi thc te.

Man bao che thng co khuon hnh tru di dang nhng bang kim loai phang

quan xoan oc chong len nhau.S che chan cho cac nhom trong noi bo mot bo day ruot ngi ta cung ap dung

man che chan co ket cau to hp va chia ra cac dang c ban sau:

- Bao che phan oi- Bao che theo lp- Bao che theo chum

Nhng nguyen tac c ban cua lp bao che

Man bao che hoat ong vi nguyen tac la chong anh hng cua trng ien t tmot nguon kch thch nao o. Nguon kch thch co the la trng tnh ien, tnh thoac trng ien t bien oi.

Da vao nguyen tac tac dung bao che oi vi cac nguon kch thch khac nhaunoi tren ma ngui ta chia ra cac loai man bao che tnh ien, bao che tnh t va manbao che ien t.

Bao che phan oi

Bao che theo chum

Bao che theo lp

Hnh 2.5: Cac dang man bao che


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Man bao che tnh ien

Man bao che tnh t

Man bao che ien t

Man bao che tnh ien va tnh t tac dung theo nguyen tac ong kn cac ngsc tng ng, no ch hieu qua oi vi trng tnh hoac pham vi tan so rat thap.

Tren thc te ta thng phai chong s anh hng cua trng ien t tan so caocho cap do o man bao che ien t la cong cu c ban nhat

+ -a b +a - b

Mach khong co man bao che

Mach co man bao che

Hnh 2.6: Che chan tnh ien

+a - b Mach co man bao che

Hnh 2.7: Che chan tnh t


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1.1.3. Vo boc ngoai

Vo boc ngoai bao ve cho cap. Vo boc ngoai chong huy hoai va mai mon c hoc.Vo boc co the lam bang kim loai hoac nha. Cap hien nay co vo boc la nha daiben. o day lp vo boc tuy thuoc vao loai cap va kch thc cap.

Neu cap c lap at moi trng ac biet th lp vo se co cau tao ac biet hn

e chong lai nhng tac ong ben ngoai. Lp vo ac biet c goi la lp gia cngva thung c lam bang thep.

WW03

W01

W02

W: Trng xuyen nhieu

W01, W02 : Trng b phan xa

W03 : Nang lng con lai qua c man che chan

Hnh 2.8: S phan xa va hap thu nang lng ien t

Hnh 2.9: Cap co vo gia cng


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1.2. Cac tham so truyen dan

1.2.1. S truyen dan nang lng tren mach cap

Khi mot mach gom hai day dan song song, mot au noi vi may phat va au conlai noi vi tai, th gia hai day xuat hien mot ien trng, chieu ng sc cua ientrng nay hng t day co ien tch dng sang day co ien tch am.ong thichung quanh moi day dan xuat hien mot t trng, chieu ng sc xuat hien theoqui tac van nut chai

Toan bo ien trng va t trng c lan truyen doc theo ng day vi mottoc o nhat nh goi la song ien t. Tren moi iem ma song ien t i qua thnang lng ien trng bang nang lng t trng, ngha la:

MEWW =

Trong o :

2

2CU

WE=

2

2LI

WM =

vi:

C : ien dung gia hai day

L : ien cam cua mach day

I : dong ien truyen tren mach

Theo nh luat bao toan nang lng th nang lng t trng co the chuyen hoathanh nang lng ien trng va ngc lai, tong nang lng o th khong oi neutrong qua trnh chuyen hoa khong co s tieu tan. Khi truyen dan th nang lngien t thc te no tap trung day dan va moi trng quanh day dan nh ien moi.

ac biet la tan so cao th nang lng ien t tap trung pha mat ngoai cuaday dan, tan so cang cao th nang lng ien t ch lay day dan lam cho da etruyen a ma thoi, con trong long day dan khong con hu ch na. Nhng nh coday dan ma nang lng t trng khong b tan loan ve moi pha ma c truyendoc theo ng day.


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Song ien t co the xac nh bi hai dang song :

- Song ien ap the hien qua ien trng- Song dong ien the hien qua t trngTy so gia song ien ap va song dong ien tai mot iem bat ky cua mach phu

thuoc vao ban than mach ien va co tnh tr khang, ty so o goi la tr khang song

)(==I

U

H

EZ

B

Vay song ien t lan truyen doc theo mach ien va tr kghang song tai moiiem tren mach o nh nhau

Toc o truyen lan cua song ien t tren day dan c xac nh bi tan so cuadong ien va cac tham so cua mach.

1.2.2. Nhng hieu ng khi truyen dong ien cao tan

Ta biet rang oi vi mot day dan oc lap th khi truyen dong ien tan so caoth mat o dong ien ngay cang don ra pha mat ngoai con tam day dan th mato rat nho, tan so cao th mat o dong ien tam day dan hau nh khong co.Hien tng noi tren la hien tng hieu ng mat ngoai.

Neu lai xet hai day dan hnh tru song song gan nhau, cung truyen dong ien caotan th mat o dong ien lai phan bo tap trung ve pha hai day dan gan nhau, phahai day dan xa nhau th mat o dong ien nho. Hien tng noi tren la hien tnghieu ng lan can.

Neu lai xet mot chum day hnh tru song song va ke can nhau, khi chung truyendong cao tan th do tng tac cua t trng ma phat sinh nhng dong ien xoay,nhng dong xoay nay phan ln tieu tan i di dang nhiet, lam nong cac day danxung quanh, hoac nhng kim loai ke ben. Hien tng noi tren la hien tng hieung kim loai.

Ba hien tng noi tren la ba hien tng xau xay ra ong thi trong bo day ruotcua cap anh hng co tnh quyet nh en bang tan truyen a.


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Dong ien chnh

Dong ien tong hp

Dong ien xoay

Hnh 2.10: Hieu ng mat ngoai

Dong ien tong hp

H

Day aDay b

Dong ien xoay

Hnh 2.11: Hieu ng lan can

H

Hnh 2.12: Hieu ng kim loai


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1.2.3. Tham so truyen dan bac 1

ien tr hu hieu R

ien tr hu hieu cua mach cap bao gom ien tr oi vi dong ien mot chieuva ien tr phu them khi co mat dong ien xoay chieu

+= RRR

0

ien tr phu themR

bao gom ien tr do hieu ng mat ngoai, ien tr do hieung lan can va ien tr do tieu hao nang lng trong cac thanh phan kim loai cuacap.

thlcmnRRRR ++=~

vi

Rmn

Rlc: ien tr do hien tng hieu ng lan can

: ien tr do hien tng hieu ng mat ngoai

Rth

ien cam L

: ien tr do hien tng hieu ng kim loai

ien cam cua mach cap c bieu th bang ty so gia lng t thong va dongien sinh ra

IL

=

Cong thc tnh ien cam cua mot mach cap c bieu th nh sau:

( ) 4102ln4

+= xQ

ddaxL

[H/Km]

Trong o:

a: C ly gia hai day dan

Q(x): Ham so phu thuoc vao he so xoan

d: ng knh day dan

x: He so xoan ( fdx0105,0=

vi day ong, fdx0082,0=

vi day nhom)


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ien dung C

ien dung cua mot mach cap tng t nh ien dung cua mot tu ien, machday cap th hai ma tu chnh la 2 na dien tch be mat cua hai day dan hnh tru

pha gan nhau, con ien moi la chat cach ien day dan hoac khong kh.ien dung c xac nh bi ty so gia ien tch tren ien ap gia hai day

Cong thc tnh ien dung cua mach cap bieu th nh sau:

=

d

a

xC

2ln36

10..6 [F/Km]

Trong o:a: C ly gia hai day dan

d: ng knh day dan

x: He so xoan

: Hang so ien moi

: he so ac trng cho o gan nhau gia day dan va vo cap tiep at, gia daydan va cac day dan khac va phu thuoc vao hnh thc xoan.

ien dan GLa thong so ch chat lng cach ien cua day dan trong mach cap

ien dan G c tnh bang cong thc di ay:

rGGG += 0

vi :

cdR

G1

0 = : ien dan cach ien cua dong ien mot chieu

CtgGr = ( la he so goc ton hao ien moi tong hp)


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1.2.4. Tham so truyen dan bac 2

He so truyen dan

Chung ta biet rang nang lng ien t lan truyen doc theo ng day t auphat en au thu, trong qua trnh lan truyen ay nang lng b giam dan t au phaten au thu.

S suy giam hoac tieu hao nang lng c giai thch bi s tieu hao truyen dantrong mach

S tieu hao c chia lam hai dang:

- Tieu hao trong kim loai-

Tieu hao trong chat ien moiCac hien tng tieu hao noi tren c tnh toan nh he so truyen dan

( )( )CiGLiRi ++=+=

Van toc truyen lan

Chung ta biet rang nang lng ien t lan truyen tren ng day cap co motkhoang khong gian nhat nh, chnh v vay ma no co mot toc o xac nh.

fv 2=

Tr khang song

Tr khang song va he so truyen dan la nhng tham so truyen dan bac 2 cuang day va no c s dung rong rai e anh gia chat lng ve ky thuat khai

thac cua ng day thong tin.Tr khang song phat sinh khi song ien t lan truyen doc theo ng day ma

tren ng day o khong co phan xa, ngha la vi ieu kien khong co anh hngtrong qua trnh truyen dan do khong phoi hp vi tai cuoi ng day.

C

LZ

s=


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2. Cap ong truc

2.1. Cau tao

Day dan ong truc gom mot day dan hnh ong bang kim loai va mot day dankhac la si kim loai nam chnh gia tam ong kim loai. Ong kim loai goi la day danngoai, con si kim loai goi la day dan trong. V tam day dan trong va ngoai trungnhau nen goi oi day nay la oi day ong truc.

Cap ong truc thng co cac dang cach ien sau:

- a cach ien nha at cach nhau 20 en 30 cm- Ong nha ac- Ong nha that hnh nonNgoai y ngha cach ien, cac lp cach ien con nham muc ch co nh v tr cua

oi day.

Chat cach ien co the s dung PE, PVC ac hoac xop

Hnh 2.13: Cau truc cap ong truc


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2.2. Cac ac tnh ien

oi vi truyen dan ng dai, kch c cua cap tieu chuan nh sau:

- 1,2/4,4 mm- 2,5/9,5 mm

Neu ty so (b/a)= 3,6 th suy hao se nho nhat tren mot n v chieu dai.

Tr khang ac tnh c tnh nh sau:

a

bZ log

138

=

Tr khang ac tnh cua cap ong truc cach ien khong kh la Z 0=138log(b/a).Neu b/a=3,6 th Z0

=77 . S dung chat cach ien khac khong kh se giam trkhang ac tnh. Neu ta s dung a cach ien th tr khang se giam xuong con 75.

2b 2a


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C hng 3

THIET KE MANG NGOAI VI

1. D bao nhu cau thue bao .......................................................................................................................................... 22

2. Thiet ke mang ngoai vi bang cap kim loai ............................................................................................... 22

2.1. Thiet lap vung phan bo co nh ................................................................................................................ 22

2.1.1. Khai niem vung phan bo co nh ...................................................................................................... 222.1.2. Cac v du ve viec xac nh vung phan bo co nh..................................................... 23

2.2. Phan phoi cap ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

2.2.1. Khai niem c ban ve phng phap phan phoi ................................................................. 23

2.2.2. Cac phng phap phan phoi ...........................................................................................................24

2.3. Chon ng knh day dan........................................................................................................................... 29

2.4. Chon loai cap ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

2.5. Tnh toan dung lng cap .......................................................................................................................... 30

3. Thiet ke tuyen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1. Thiet ke cap treo .................................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1.1. La chon tuyen ................................................................................................................................................. 31

3.1.2. Thiet ke ky thuat ........................................................................................................................................ 31

3.2. Thiet ke cap ngam ............................................................................................................................................. 36

3.2.1. La chon tuyen ............................................................................................................................................ 36

3.2.2. Tnh toan so lng ong dan ........................................................................................................ 36

3.2.3. Quyet nh kch thc ham cap ............................................................................................ 36

3.2.4. o doc, o sau cua ong va chieu dai mot khoang ham .............................. 38


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T hiet kemang ngoa i vi T ra ng 22


1. D bao nhu cau thue bao

Co nhieu phng phap d bao nhu cau.

Hien nay, bu ien Tp. HCM ang ap dung phng phap c oan e d baonhu cau thue bao.

Phng phap nay thc hien bang cach nhan he so tham nhap (kha nang lap at)vi so lng thong ke cua tng loai nha trong khu vc c khao sat e c ketqua d bao nhu cau cho ke hoach 5 nam.

Heso tham nhap ong vai tro quan trong va quyet nh oi vi mc o va qui moau t cho mang li. Viec nghien cu, khao sat cac yeu to lien quan en viec phattrien xa hoi e e xuat he so tham nhap lam c s cho viec tnh toan d bao nhu

cau la mot cong tac mang tnh thc tien khoa hoc.Bu ien Tp. HCM d bao nhu cau bang cach nhan he so kha nang lap at cua

tng loai nha vi so lng cua tng loai nha trong khu vc c khao sat d coc con so c s. Sau o con so nay c nhan lien tiep vi he so 1,25 e co ketqua d bao cho nhng nam ke tiep.

2. Thiet ke mang ngoai vi bang cap kim loai

2.1. Thiet lap vung phan bo co nh

Cac phng tien ng day thue bao nh cap thue bao, ranh cap, ham cap, ongdan va cot phai c thiet ke sao cho khong phai thay oi trong mot khoang thigian dai. Neu giam c o dai cua cac oi cap th se giam c chi ph chophng tien ng day thue bao. Cac phng tien ng day thue bao phu thuocvao viec nh tuyen cap thue bao. V vay, viec nh tuyen cap thue bao thch hprat can thiet trong viec toi thieu hoa gia thanh xay dng mang cap thue bao.

2.1.1. Khai niem vung phan bo co nh

Vung phan bo co nh c d nh e kiem soat nhu cau theo nh hng conh vung phan bo ng day thue bao trong khoang thi gian dai, t o nhhng c ke hoach ng day thue bao thch hp. Vung phan bo co nh cthiet lap e tan dung hieu qua cua cac phng tien ng day thue bao va no cs dung e quan ly nhu cau thoai va quan ly phng tien ng day thue bao.


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2.1.2. Cac v du ve viec xac nh vung phan bo co nh

- Khi vung phan bo co nh khong tng xng e mot n v quan ly nhu cauthoai va cac phng tien ng day thue bao bi v no qua ln khi tong nhucau co the len en 600 thue bao hoac hn the na sau 15 nam th no cquyet nh thanh vung phan bo nho hn 600 thue bao.

- oi vi mot toa nha cao tang ni ma nhu cau vt qua 400 thue bao nhnglai nho hn 600 thue bao sau 15 nam th ta co the thiet lap mot vung phan boco nh oc lap tai o. Neu sau 15 nam ma nhu cau nho hn 400 thue bao thve nguyen tac mot vung phan bo co nh c thiet lap bang cach ket hpvi mot toa nha ke can hoac khu vc xung quanh toa nha sao cho nhu cau cothe gan bang 600 thue bao.

- oi vi vung phan bo ngam ni ma nhu cau se nho hn 600 thue bao va lnhn 400 thue bao sau 15 nam th ta thiet lap mot vung phan bo co nh oclap. Tuy nhien, neu nhu cau nho hn 400 thue bao sau 15 nam th ve nguyentac vung phan bo co nh se c thiet lap bang cach ket hp vi vung phanbo treo xung quanh e nhu cau co the at c 600 thue bao.

- Khi mot vung phan bo co nh hien hu co nhu cau thap sau 15 nam th nose c ket hp vi vung phan bo co nh ke can tr khi viec quan lyphng tien thue bao hoac viec quan ly nhu cau tr nen kho khan.

2.2. Phan phoi cap

Phng phap phan phoi c yeu cau phai chnh xac vi nhu cau tng lai. Diay ta xet en phng phap phan phoi cap phoi va phan phoi cap chnh.

2.2.1. Khai niem c ban ve phng phap phan phoi

Trong nhng thi ky au cua nganh vien thong, khai niem ve phng phap phanphoi la khong can thiet bi v nhu cau ien thoai co the c ap ng bang cach

keo them mot t ng day thue bao. The nhng khi so lng day thue bao tang le nth ngi ta bat du s dung cap thay the cho cac day thue bao. Ket qua la khainiem lap at cap c yeu cau cho nhu cau tng lai.

Muc ch cua phng phap phan phoi cap la lap at cap mot cach co hieu quakinh te vi o linh ong e thch ng uc s bien oi nhu cau vi hieu qua caonhat.


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2.2.2. Cac phng phap phan phoi

Hnh di ay the hien mot phng phap phan phoi

1. Phng phap phan phoi cap phoi

He thong phan phoi co nh

Tong ai

Cac oi day chnh

Cac oi day au gia boi

Cot phan phoi 1 2 3 4

Hnh 3.2: He thong phan phoi co nh

Phng phap phan phoi

Cap phoi

Cap chnh

He thong phan phoi co nh

He thong phan phoi lien ket

He thong phan phoi san sang truy cap

He thong dung chung oi day

He thong dung oi day lien ket phu

Hnh 3.1: Cac phng phap phoi cap


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He thong phan phoi lien ket

He thong phan phoi san sang truy nhap

Trong hai he thong phan phoi va xet tren th cac oi day chnh, cac oi daygia boi va cac oi day phu au noi cac tap iem phai c tnh toan trc theonhu cau. Khi co nhu cau lap at th se a cac oi day chnh vao cung cap dch vu.

Trong he thong phan phoi san sang truy nhap, cac tap iem san sang truy nhapva cac phien au day a c lap at san. Bat ky oi day chnh nao cung co thelay ra t nhng cot trung gian e phuc vu. Nh vay he thong luon san sang choviec truy nhap.

Nh vay trong he thong nay so oi day c xac nh theo d bao nhu cau trongvung phan bo. Vi he thong nay th n lap at ien thoai ch un tac khi tat ca cacoi day eu c s dung.

Tong ai

1 2 3 4

Cac oi day chnh

Cac oi day au gia boi

Cot phan phoi

Cac oi day phu

Cac oi day

lien ket phu

Tap iem

au chu en

Hnh 3.3: He thong phan phoi lien ket


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2. Phng phap phan phoi cap chnh

He thong dung chung oi day

-Cac oi cap chnh phu hp vi nhu cau va cac oi day dung chung lam tango linh ong gia cac vung phan bo co nh. Them vao o, he thong cungcung cap nhng oi day d phong chung e ap ng s thay oi nhu cau taicho ma khong the s dung cac oi cap chnh va cac oi day dung chungc.

- Thiet b au cuoi au nhay c lap at tai nhng iem phan phoi e aunhng oi day chnh co nh, cac oi day dung chung va cac oi day dphong vi cap phoi.

Tong ai

Thiet b au nhay

Ranh gii

vung phan bo co nh

Cac oi day chung

Cac oi day chnhco nh

Hnh 3.4: He thong phan phoi dung day chung

Cac oi day

d phong chung

au gia boi

Vung chung day Vung chung day


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He thong dung oi day lienket phu

ay la he thong s dung phng phap phan phoi cap chnh tien tien. No ap ngmem deo nhng bien oi nhu cau do s giam nhu cau va dichuyen cho .

Trong he thong nay, oi day phu va oi day lien ket phu c cung cap memdeo e ap ng mot so nhu cau thoai va nhu cau di cho. Ngoai ra, he thong con sdung cac tu phoi cap c lap at tai cac iem phan phoi e tang hieu qua vanhanh va bao dng cap chnh.

Tu phoi cap la ni au noi cap chnh va cap phoi.

Tong ai

Tu phoi cap

Ranh gii

vung phan bo co nh

Cac oi day phuCac oi day chnhco nh

Hnh 3.5: He thong phan phoi dung day lien ket phu

Cac oi day

lien ket phu

Vung chung day Vung chung day


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V du:

Khi cac vung phan bo chung c thiet lap bi he thong phan phoi s dung daylien ket phu nh hnh di ay. Hay xac nh so oi day cap e au noi vao cac

iem,, va . Vi ieu kien ban au cho nh sau:- Sau 5 nam, nhu cau cua moi vung phan bo co nh nh sau: So oi cap chnh

co nh trong moi vung phan bo co nh nhan c bang cach nhan nhu cauvi 1,1 va lam tron theo nhom 100 oi.

+ Vung phan bo co nh A : 520+ Vung phan bo co nh B : 440+ Vung phan bo co nh C : 420

- Si cap phu co dung lng 100 oi va eu c au en 3 vung phan bo conh.

- So oi day cap chnh () va so oi day cap dan len (, , ) c tnhtoan rieng bi v chung s dung cac si cap khac nhau.

- Cap c s dung co dung lng cap t 400 oi en 3600 theo buc cap 200oi mot.

C B A

Vung phan bo co nh

Cap chnh co nh

Cap phu


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2.3. Chon ng knh day dan

Trong thiet ke, e co hieu qua kinh te cao nhat, cac c ng knh day dan tieu

chuan khac nhau phai c ket hp lai sao cho thoa man suy hao ng day, ientr DC va chat lng theo qui nh.

Co the tnh toan c day dan da tren c s phan bo suy hao ng day

daichieuvn/haoSuy

haosuyhanGii=tinthonglyC

Cung co the tnh toan ng knh day dan da tren c s ien tr vong

daichieuvn/dandaytrien

vongtrienhanGii

=tinthonglyC

Phan bo suy hao tren cac chang truyen dan gia hai thue bao phai xet en ratnhieu yeu to phc tap nh anh hng cua thi tiet, o am, nhiet o, tieng on lamgiam kha nang nghe ro.

2.4. Chon loai cap

Cap c lap at nhieu ieu kien moi trng khac nhau nen chu rat nhieu anhhng cua ieu kien moi trng. Khi thiet ke mot mang cap, ta can phai co gang

giam nho moi tac hai cua moi trng trong suot thi gian s dung si cap. Tuoi thotrung bnh cua mot si cap t nhat la 15 nam, no cung co the len en 25 nam hoac35 nam.

Khi thiet ke ta can quan tam en cac ieu kien moi trng sau:

- o am- Xam hai cua sinh vat- ien t trng- Hoat ong cua kh quyen- Thay oi nhiet o- Nhiet o trung bnh- Bang va tuyet- Gio- Rung ong-

Bc xa, tia cc tm


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Noi tom lai cap c lap at nhieu moi trng khac nhau, hnh thc cua tuyencap co the la i trong nha, treo tren cot, chon trc tiep xuong at, i trong ong hoactha dui song, di bien. Tuy theo hnh thc va moi trng lap at cua tuyen cap

ma ta chon la loai cap cho phu hp.

2.5. Tnh toan dung lng cap

Dung lng cap c tnh toan theo ket qua cuoi cung cua d bao nhu cau. To ta co the tnh toan c so lng cac si cap theo cong thc tong quat sau:

max

1515

kN

nnP

+=

trong o:

- n15 : so lng cac nhom cap can cho nhu cau trong thi gian 15 nam.- n15 : so lng cac nhom cap tng ng vi cac thay oi nhu cau co c t

s gia tang nhu cau trong 15 nam

- k : he so nhan- Nmax : so lng cc ai cac nhom cap co the co trong mot cap.


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3. Thiet ke tuyen

3.1. Thiet ke cap treo

3.1.1. La chon tuyen

Mot tuyen cap treo phai tnh en yeu to kinh te, s tien li trong cong viec vabao dng.

3.1.2. Thiet ke ky thuat

Cac loai cot

Co the lap at tuyen cap treo tren mot trong nhng loai cot sau ay:

Cot go. Cot sat. Cot betong vuong. Cot betong ly tam.

Xac nh v tr cot

Neu cot can c xay dng tren ng th phai ieu tra xem lieu be rongng co c d kien m rong hay khong.

Neu cot can c xay dng tai t gia c dan th phai bo tr tren vanh ai cuat gia o sau khi kiem tra xem chu s hu co ke hoach m rong hoac lam lainha hay khong.

S dung chung vi ng day ien lc

Cho phep giam ang ke chi ph lap at va bao dng cot, s dung hieu quang sa, cai thien my quan thanh pho.

Thiet ke day co va cot chong

e tang cng an toan va vng chac cho ng day can phai trang b day co vacot chong cho tuyen cot.


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Mong day co (bloc) thng dung loai mong betong uc san.

Cot goc

Cot goc la cot ni ng day oi hng. Cot goc thng c cung co bangday co. a hnh han che khong lam c day co th cung co cot goc bang chanchong.

Trng hp cot be goc nang co the cung co va day co va va chan chong.

Hnh 3.6: Mong day co

Hnh 3.7: Trang b va day co va cot chong


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Trng hp a hnh han che khong cho phep lam day co hoac chan chong trctiep cho cot th co the dung cot keo e trang b day co gian tiep.

Khi thiet ke day co va cot chong, can phai chu y ti yy so khoang cach L/H .

Hnh 3.8: Trang b day co gian tiep

Hnh 3.9: Quy nh khoang cach L va H


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- Trng hp trang b day co cot keo th khoang cach H cua cot keo day coluon nho hn hoac bang khoang cach H cua cot. o goc gia day co vicot chnh la 60o 90o.

- Trng hp ni chon day co cao hn ni chon cot th khoang cach L 1 ctnh t chan day co ti cot tren mat phang nam ngang. Khoang cachH1 = H o oi.

- Trng hp ni chon day co thap hn ni chon cot th khoang cach L2 ctnh t chan cot ti chan day co tren mat phang nam ngang. Khoang cachH2 = H + o oi.

Hnh 3.10: Thiet ke day co coc keo

Hnh 3.11: Chan day co cao hn chan cot

Hnh 3.12: Chan day co thap hn chan cot


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Xac nh chieu dai cot chong

l H HL

H= + +

( ' ) 1

2

Quy tac treo cap

Ve nguyen tac cap se c treo tren le ng co cot. Cap mi se c treoben di cap cu tren ng cot co the

Trong trng hp cap treo tren ng cot ien lc th phai co s cho phepcan thiet cua Cty ien lc e s dung cot ien lc tuy theo cac yeu cau cuaho.

Cap treo thng c treo cach nh cot 50cm. Si cap th hai treo cung motcot se c treo pha oi dien cung mc vi si 1

Hnh 3.13: Xac nh chieu dai cot chong


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3.2. Thiet ke cap ngam

3.2.1. La chon tuyen

Viec thiet ke se c tien hanh theo nhng trnh t sao ay, neu cong trnhngoai a san co :

Co gang tan dung het cong trnh co san e tranh phai m rong them cacng cap va ong dan, ong thi can nhac en viec kiem che khong lap cacke hoach trang thiet b ma thay cha phai la nhu cau cap bach

e lai ng ong d phong cho phep thay the cap khi co the xay ra s co hhong cap, hay khi mot ng cap ang hoat ong oi hoi c thay the bangng cap ln hn.

3.2.2. Tnh toan so lng ong dan

So lng ong dan c xac nh bang cach cong so lng cap can lap at viong d phong

So lng cap can lap at co c bang cach lay so lng cap d kien nhan vihe so nhan (tuy thuoc vao moi trng xung quanh) va lam tron ket qua

So lng ong d phong se c cung cap tuy theo so lng cap can lap at.

3.2.3. Quyet nh kch thc ham cap

Dung lng ham cap c xac nh sao cho u e x ly hai lan so lng ongtheo so cap d kien cong vi cac ong d phong


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Da vao bang di ay ma quyet nh kch thc ham cap:

Bang 3.8: Kch thc ham cap tieu chuan (NTT)

Ham cap Kch thc (m) Cach xep atong dan(Ong lp)

SL ongdanKieu C Dai Rong Cao

Vuong

No.1 1.5 1.0 1.2 22 24

No.2 1.8 1.0 1.5 22 24

No.3 2.3 1.3 1.5 33 59

No.4 3.0 1.4 1.7 44 1016

No.5 3.2 1.4 2.1 46 1724

No.6 4.0 1.5 2.2 57 2535No.7 5.0 1.7 2.6 68 3648

No.8 5.0 1.7 3.0 610 4960

Nhanh L

No.1 1.7 1.0 1.2 22 24

No.2 1.9 1.0 1.5 22 24

No.3 2.5 1.3 1.5 33 59

No.4 3.4 1.4 1.7 44 1016

No.5 3.6 1.4 2.1 46 1724

No.6 4.0 1.5 2.2 5

7 25

35No.7 6.2 1.7 2.6 68 3648

No.8 6.2 1.7 3.0 610 4960

Nhanh T

No.2 2.3 1.1 1.5 23 24

No.3 2.5 1.3 1.8 33 59

No.4 3.4 1.4 1.8 44 1016

No.5 3.6 1.4 2.3 46 1724

No.6 4.5 1.5 2.4 57 2535

Cat ngang

No.2 2.3 1.1 1.5 2

3 2

4No.3 2.5 1.3 1.8 33 59

No.4 3.4 1.4 2.1 44 1016

No.5 3.6 1.4 2.6 46 1724

No.6 4.5 1.5 2.6 57 2535


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V du: Xac nh so lng ong dan va kch thc ham cap

Lap at mi:

ieu kien : Khu vc o th

ng bnh thng

So lng cap d kien la 5 cap

M rong them

ieu kien: Khu vc o th

ng bnh thng

So lng cap d kien la 5 cap

So ong dan hien co la 4 ongHam cap hien hu la ham No.2

3.2.4. o doc, o sau cua ong va chieu dai mot khoang ham

o chon sau cua tuyen cong

Tuy theo v tr ma ngi ta tnh khoang cach t nh ong ti mat ng:

o dai cua mot khoang hamHam cap c bo tr doc theo tuyen ong e tien trong cong viec thi cong lap at

cap. Khoang cach gia cac ham cap chu yeu c xac nh theo o dai cho phepcua cap nhng b anh hng bi cac iem re nhanh.

o doc cua mot khoang ham

Nhng ni co o doc t nhien th o chon sau cua cong eu nhau suot khoangcach hai ham

h1l

h2


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- Nhng ni khong co u o doc t nhien th o chon sau cua cong khong eunhau

- Nhng ni khong co u o doc t nhien ngi ta cung co the at congnghieng ve hai pha theo hnh mai rua e thoat nc tot

Quy nh an toan

Cap ngam thng i gan cac cong trnh cong cong nh ien lc, thoat nc, capnc. Khi thiet ke ta can phai lien he vi cac c quan lien quan e xac nh v trcua cac cong trnh ngam, t o thiet ke sao cho cap co khoang cach phu hp vicac cong trnh noi tren.

h1

l

h2

h1 hl

h2

l1 l2


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C hng 4

THI CONG XAY DNGMANG NGOAI VI

1. Thi cong cap treo ............................................................................................................................................................. 40

1.1. Xay dng tuyen cot ............................................................................................................................................ 40

1.2. Trang b tren cot ................................................................................................................................................... 431.3. Ra cap va a cap len cot ....................................................................................................................... 46

1.4. Cang va ham cap ................................................................................................................................................... 46

2. Thi cong cap ngam ..........................................................................................................................................................47

2.1. Xay dng tuyen ham ong ..............................................................................................................................47

2.2. Trang b vat lieu dung cu ...............................................................................................................................502.3. Phng phap keo cap ngam ......................................................................................................................54

3. Lap at ng day thue bao .........................................................................................................................62

3.1. Day thue bao ngoai nha ..................................................................................................................................62

3.2. Day thue bao trong nha ..............................................................................................................................62

4. Lap at coc tiep at..............................................................................................................................................664.1. Tiep at cho cap treo ...................................................................................................................................66

4.2. Tiep at cho cap ngam ...............................................................................................................................68


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T hi cong xay dng ma ng ngoa i vi T ra ng 40


1. Thi cong cap treo

1.1. Xay dng tuyen cot

Phng phap ao lo cot

- ng knh cua lo cot t tren xuong di phai bang nhau va phu hp vihnh dang cua goc cot

- Khi ao lo at em len can chu y e vao mot ben trai vi pha dng cot vaphai e xa mieng lo t nhat la 20 cm.

- Khi ao bang sc ngi th phai chu y cam tuyet oi ao ham ech.- Ho sau tren 2m phai co bac thang len xuong

Phng phap dng cot

-

Moi loai cot eu phai tuan theo cac phng an dng rieng. oi vi cot


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- oi vi cot ket cuoi, khi dng cho nghieng lech mot khoang bang hai lanau cot.

- Neu cot cao tren 9m can phaima mot ben lo cot e cot xuong c de danghn.

- Chnh cot thang ng roi lap at am chat en khi o sau lo cot ay hoantoan

- e tien li va am bao an toan th nen dung xe can cau e nang cot la totnhat.

Hnh 4.2: Phng phap ma lo cot


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Hnh 4.3: Phng phap dng cot bang chac hay to


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1.2. Trang b tren cot

- Moc ch J

Hnh 4.4: Phng phap dng cot xe can cau

Hnh 4.5: Moc ch J


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- Kep gi cap

- Kep ham day treo

Hnh 4.6: Kep gi cap (2 ranh 3 lo)

Hnh 4.7: Kep ham day treo (2 ranh 3 lo)


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- Khoa gi day treo t ong

- Bulong au vong

Hnh 4.8: Khoa gi day treo t ong

Hnh 4.9: Bulon au vong va cach bo tr tren cot


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1.3. Ra cap va a cap len cot

Bobin cap c at di at hay remorque cot au tien. cac cot c trang b

rong roc co ranh thch hp vi ng knh cap, mot motuer se cuon day keo, daykeo va au cap c noi vi nhau thong qua mot bo chong xoan. Khi motuer quaye thu hoi day keo th cap cung c keo qua cac rong roc. Phng phap naynhanh, gon ton nhan cong.

Neu khong thuan tien v a the th ra cap bang sc ngi. Bobin cap c at cot au tien. Mot so cong nhan cam au cap i ngc ve pha ng cot. Bo tr t 2en 3 cong nhan ng tai bobin cap phu quay e cap nha ra de dang.

Lu y hng ra cap (theo mui ten tren bobin ap : Roll this way)

1.4. Cang va ham cap

Ta co the cang lien tiep 2 khoang cot mot lan v cap treo co dung lng nho. cot au tien trc khi cang cap ta dung dao mo cap roc day treo ra mot oan, sauo luon day treo vao ai cua bulon au vong roi dung kep ham day treo e hamlai.

en cot th 2, bo tr cong nhan a cap len va lap vao moc ch J gi cap

Dung dung cu cang cap e cang cap.

Hnh 4.10: Dung cu cang cap


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2. Thi cong cap ngam

2.1. Xay dng tuyen ham ong

Qui cach ao ranh

Viec ao ranh se c tien hanh tuan theo cac ban ve chi tiet va ch tieu kythuat.

Hnh4.11a:Quycachranhcap


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Hnh4.11b:Q

uycachranhcap


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Qui cach at ong

Qui cach noi ong

- Viec noi ong c thc hien theo nguyen tac lan lt tng ong mot, trongranh ong

- Moi ong se c noi vi ong ke tiep sao cho at khong lot vao va nckhong tham qua

- Tat ca cac au h ra cua ng ong se c bt chat e tranh cat va cac vatchng ngai lot vao.

Hnh 4.12 : Quy cach at ong

Hnh 4.13 : Quy cach noi ong


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2.2. Trang b vat lieu dung cu

- Cac ban lan cap

- Ong hng dan capHnh 4.14: Ban lan cap

Hnh 4.15: Ong hng dan cap


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- Thanh ghi

- Bo chong xoan

- Li keo cap: co 4 loai li keo cap ien hnh sau:+ Loai dung e ket noi hai cap trong luc keo.

+ Li 1 mat keo

Hnh 4.16: Cuon ghi

Hnh 4.17: Bo chong xoan

Hnh 4.18: Li keo cap dung ket noi hai cap

Hnh 4.19: Li 1 mat keo


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+ Li hai mat keo

+ Li 2 mat keo co day buoc

-

Ban chai thong ong

- Mang tiep cap

Hnh 4.20: Li 2 mat keo

Hnh 4.21: Li 2 mat keo co day buoc

Hnh 4.22: Ban chai thong ong

Hnh 4.23: Mang tiep cap


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- Moc nap ham

- Bang rao can

- Dau Parafine- May bo am

Hnh 4.24: Moc nap ham

Hnh 4.25: Cac rao can


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2.3. Phng phap keo cap ngam

Cac bc chuan b- Trc khi lap at cap phai at rao can va bang cong trnh ang thi cong

khu vc thi cong.

- at bobin cap v tr thuan tien tai ham A

Hnh 4.26: Thiet lap cac rao can ng co khuc cua


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- Thc hien viec m nap ham cap theo cac bc ch dan di ay

Moc ngang dung cu m nap ham vao lo m ham va xoayngang 90o roi keo len en khi moc dnh vao gong.

Gi au goi hicong. ng cho vngvang va s dung cchan e nhac napham .

Keo nap ham h ra

khoang 4 5 inches

Hnh 4.27: Cac bc m nap ham


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- Thc hien viec bm nc (neu co)- Thc hien viec am ghi luon day moi cung vi viec thong ong.- Ta co the thc hien viec luon day moi ban phung phap nen hi.

-

at mot tam nha hoac vai tho tren mat at e khong keo theo cat a vaoong lam hong vo cap.

- Bo tr cac ban lan va ong hng dan cap, he thong ro ng roc.

Hnh 4.28: Luon day moi bang may nen kh

Hnh 4.29: Bo tr ong hng dan cap


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Bo tr nhan lc

Tai moi ham bo tr t nhat 4 nhan lc.

Thc hien keo cap

- Noi day moi vi day ti e keo day ti ve ham A

Hnh 4.30: Bo tr rong roc

Hnh 4.31: Phng phap noi day ti vi day moi


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- Sau khi a keo day ti ve ham A, ta thc hien viec noi day ti vi cap thongqua bo chong xoan va cau ch.

- Nhng met cap au tien phai c keo that cham (10m/phut) , sau o tangdan va co gang on nh van toc t 10 20 m/phut.

- Khi con 5 10 m th nen giam dan toc o.- Trong qua trnh keo cap, neu can ngng hoac thay oi toc o v mot ly do

nao o th nen gi vng cho cang day keo.

Hnh 4.32: Phng phap noi day ti vi cap


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- Neu can keo them vai met e cho d , tr hao s dung sau nay th s dungli m ben hong e keo cap.

Hnh 4.33: Mo ta qua trnh keo cap

Hnh 4.34: S dung li m ben hong


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- au cap phai c lau chui sach se, bt lai can than va cot gon ghe tren giad.

Hnh 4.35: Bo tr cap di ham


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Di ay la chi tiet gia cap.

Hnh 4.36: Chi tiet gia cap


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3. Lap at ng day thue bao

ng day thue bao c tnh t tap iem en thiet b au cuoi tai nha thue bao.

3.1. Day thue bao ngoai nha

Day thue bao c khuyen cao s dung loai co kem day treo (Drop wire).

3.2. Day thue bao trong nha

- Day thue bao trong ha c noi vi hop au day thue bao qua ong cachien xuyen tng nha, ong phai c lap chech xuong pha ngoai e chongnc ma vao nha.

- Bo tr ng day trong nha phai tham khao y kien khach hang.- Day i trong nha phai i trong mang hoac trong ong, ni kn khuat, sach se,

kho rao. Trong trng hp khong tranh khoi chay ngang san nha, phai i daytrong mang cng, det e tranh va vng.

- O cam cua may ien thoai can c bat chat vao tng, khong c e tdo tren ban hoac san nha.

Hnh 4.37: Day thue bao co kem day treo


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Hnh 4.38: Cach ket cuoi tai nha thue bao

Hnh 4.39: Phng phap ket cuoi day thue bao


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Hnh 4.40a: Cach lap day thue bao tai tap iem


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Hnh 4.40b: Cach lap day thue bao tai tap iem


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4. Lap at coc tiep at

4.1. Tiep at cho cap treo

- e phong set anh vao cap va e nang cao hieu qua che chan cua man chechan th man che chan kim loai va day treo phai c noi at doc theo tuyen

cap.- oi vi cac cot au bat buoc phai noi at day treo cap.

Hnh 4.41: Chi tiet coc tiep at


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Cach lap at

0.15 m0.5 0.9 m0.5 m

Hnh 4.42: Lap at coc tiep at


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4.2. Tiep at cho cap ngam

Hnh4.43:Tiepatchocapngam


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C hng 5

QUAN LY VA BAO DNGMANG NGOAI VI

1. Quan ly mang ngoai vi ................................................................................................................................................... 69

1.1. Bo ma ket cuoi au day cap va ng day cap............................................................... 69

1.1.1. Ma ket cuoi au day cap ...................................................................................................................... 691.1.2. Ma ng day cap .................................................................................................................................... 69

1.1.3. Cach ap dung bo ma ................................................................................................................................. 69

1.2. Cac s o quan ly mang cap ................................................................................................................... 70

1.2.1. Mang cap ................................................................................................................................................................. 70

1.2.2. Ham cong ..............................................................................................................................................................702. Bao dng mang cap .....................................................................................................................................................71

2.1. Bao ve mang cap .......................................................................................................................................................71

2.1.1. Chong an mon ........................................................................................................................................................71

2.1.2. Chong anh hng cua ng ien cao the ....................................................................... 71

2.1.3. Chong set ............................................................................................................................................................ 722.2. o th .............................................................................................................................................................................. 73

2.2.1. S can thiet cua o th ................................................................................................................... 73

2.2.2. o cac thong so ien cua cap .................................................................................................. 73

2.2.3. o loi tren cap ............................................................................................................................................ 75


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Q ua n l y& b a o dng ma ng ngoa i vi T ra ng 69


1. Quan ly mang ngoai vi

1.1. Bo ma ket cuoi au day cap va ng day cap

1.1.1. Ma ket cuoi au day cap

Dan phoi tuyen

Lay ten viet tat cua ai (tram) bang 3 ch Latinh in hoa.

Tu cap

Ten viet tat cho tu cap c chon la 2 ch so t 01 99.

Tap iem

Ten viet tat cho tap iem c chon la 2 ch so t 01 99.

1.1.2. Ma ng day cap

Cap chnh

Ten viet tat cho cap chnh bang 2 ch so t 01 80

Cap phoi

Ten viet tat cho cap phoi bang hai ch so t 01 80

Cap lien tram

Ten viet tat cho cap lien tram bang hai ch so t 81 89.

Cap lien tu

Ten viet tat cho cap lien tu bang hai ch so t 91 99.

1.1.3. Cach ap dung bo ma

T cac nh ngha va cach at ten cac ket cuoi au day cap va ng day cap,

ma ng day cap s dung cho mang li gom 11 ky t the hien nh sau:

AAA XX XX XX XX


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1.2. Cac s o quan ly mang cap

1.2.1. Mang cap

Gom co cac s o sau ay:

- S o tong quat cac tuyen cap chnh tram ien thoai- S o tong quat tng tuyen cap chnh- S o ranh gii tu cap toan tram ien thoai- S o tong quat cac tuyen cap phoi cua mot tu cap

1.2.2. Ham cong

Gom co cac s o sau ay:

- S o tong quat ham cong toan tram- S o tong quat tng tuyen ham cong


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2. Bao dng mang cap

2.1. Bao ve mang cap

2.1.1. Chong an mon

S an mon vo cap c ac trng bi s pha huy vo kim loai cua cap, vo bao veben ngoai cap va cac man che chan, lp gia cng do tac dung hoa hoc, ien hoccua moi trng xung quanh ni lap at cap, hoac do tac ong c hoc. Ngi ta phanra cac dang an mon chu yeu sau ay:

- an mon do tap chat trong at-

an mon gia cac tinh the kim loai do tac ong c hoc- an mon do dong ien lot rrong at- an mon do sinh vat trong moi trng xung quanhCac bien phap bao ve: co the chia lam 2 bien phap.

- Bien phap chu ong.- Bien phap thu ong.

2.1.2. Chong anh hng cua ng ien cao the

S tac ong cua ng ien cao the oi vi cap thong tin

Khi ng day ien cao the co dong ien chay qua th xung quanh day dan hnhthanh trng ien t anh hng en cap thong tin nam trong khu vc o.

Ngoai anh hng gay bi s cam ng, trong ng day thong tin con co anhhng Ganvanic.

Nguon anh hng Ganvanic la cac mang ien tiep xuc cua ng sat ien khhoa, ng day cao the dung at lam day dan cong tac (ng day cao the khong

oi xng). Ngoai ra hien tng Ganvanic con xuat hien trong ng day thong tin ni cung cap nguon t xa.

Bien phap bao ve

Co the chia ra lam 2 nhom la:

- ap dung tren ng day chu xuyen- Tang c ly gia ng day chu xuyen va ng day b xuyen, dung cap co

hieu xuat che chan cao


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2.1.3. Chong set

Anh hng cua set en ng cap thong tin

Chat lng thong tin mot phan phu thuoc vao s anh hng cua cac nguon ient trng ben ngoai, trong o co set. So lng h hong do set anh phu thuoc vaocac yeu to sau ay:

- Cng o hoat ong cua set trong khu vc lap at cap.- Cau truc va kch thc cua cap, tnh dan ien va o ben c kh cua vo cap,

o ben ien kh, chat cach ien day dan.

- ien tr suat cua at, thanh phan hoa hoc va o am cua at chon cap.-

Cau truc tho nhng va a hnh khu vc lap at cap- Cho lap at cap gan ng cot cao the, cay cao,...Set anh vao cap thong tin gay nen nhng h hong sau ay: anh thung chat

cach ien gia cac day dan, cung nh gia day dan va vo cap, hoac lp che chan,lam chay, lam t va gay chap mach cac day dan.

Khu vc chu anh hng khi set anh vao cap chiem mot pham vi t vai trammet va rai ra hang chuc Kilomet moi pha ni set anh vao cap.

Bien phap chong set

Tai nhng oan cap thong tin ma o so lan h hong co the xay ra do set anhln hn so lan cho phep, ngi ta thc hien nhng bien phap bao ve sau:

- Chon tuyen cap- S dung cap co kha na ng chong set.- at cac day bao ve- Tiep at cho vo cap-

at thiet b chong set


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2.2. o th

2.2.1. S can thiet cua o th

Thong thng t khi thi cong cap cho en khi s dung, khai thac mang cap lamot qua trnh lau dai, neu ta khong bao quan tot va phat hien nhng h hong kpthi th khong the keo dai thi gian khai thac c.

Nhng iem phan phoi cap hoac ket cuoi cap nh tu cap, tap iem rat de b anhhng cua ieu kien thi tiet, kh hau nen phat sinh o ten r cua cac iem noi, lamcho ien tr day dan ngay cang tang, hoac nhng chng ngai tren tuyen capthng lam phat sinh loi tren ng day. V vay cong viec bao dng va to chc oth thng xuyen hay nh ky la mot cong tac khong the thieu c.

2.2.2. o cac thong so ien cua cap

ien tr mot chieu

S dung ong ho VOM hoac may o chuyen dung co o chnh xac 0.5% e o.

ien tr khong can bang

Mc o mat can bang ien tr cua mot oi day c xac nh nh sau:

100(%) min

minmax

=

R

RRR

mcb

trong o:

- Rmax: gia tr ien tr mot chieu ln nhat trong oi day.- Rmin: gia tr ien tr mot chieu cua day con lai

ien dung cong tac cua mot oi day

S dung cau o ien dung hoac thiet b o co chc nang o ien dung e o.

ien tr cach ien

S dung may o ien tr cach ien co mc ien ap mot chieu t 100V en 550Ve o


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Xac nh mc chu ien ap cao mot chieu

Xac nh mc chu ien ap cao mot chieu gia day dan vi day dan

- e o mc chu ien ap cao mot chieu thong thng s dung mot nguonien ap cao mot chieu va ieu kien moi trng kho rao.

- S dung thiet b o mc chu ien ap cao mot chieuXac nh mc chu ien ap cao mot chieu gia day dan vi man bao che

Thc hien tng t nh phep o gia day dan vi day dan. Ngoai tr day danc kiem tra, tat ca cac day con lai c nhom vi nhau va ien ap mot chieuc a vao gia si day cap can o kiem va man bao che.

Suy hao truyen dan

S dung may phat tn hieu sin va may o cong suat chon tan e o

o suy hao xuyen am au gan

S dung may phat tn hieu sin va may o cong suat chon tan e o

o suy hao xuyen am au xa

Thiet b o va s o o giong nh o suy hao xuyen am au gan


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2.2.3. o loi tren cap

Cac loai loi tren ng day

Thong thng tren ng day thong tin ch phat sinh ra loi mot iem nao o, taco the xac nh c v tr chng ngai bang ien mot chieu. Tuy nhien oi luc xayra nhieu loai loi nhieu iem khac nhau, luc nay e xac nh v tr loi ta phai dungphung phap o xung phan xa. Cac loai loi thong thng xuat hien tren ng day:

- Chap day- Chap at- Cheo day-

t day- Lon day: do au noi

+ Lon trong mot oi

+ Lon hai day hai oi khac nhau

+ Lon ca 4 day cua hai oi

Cach xac nh cac loai loi

Trc khi nh v loi tren ng day ta can phai xac nh trc o la loi g, t o

mi quyet phng phap thch hp.Co the dung V.O.M hoac cac thiet b o chuyen dung co chc nang o ien tr

e xac nh loi. Phng phap xac nh nh sau:

- Xac nh loi chap day: dung thiet b o e o ien tr gia hai day e h. Neuien tr o c co gia tr nho hn 20 M ta suy ra hai day b chap

- Xac nh loi cheo day: tng t nh xac nh chap day- Xac nh loi chap at: tng t nh xac nh chap day, nhng phep o c thc

hien gia mot day vi at.- Xac nh loi t day: dung thiet b o e o ien tr gia hai day au tat. Neu

ien tr o c co gia tr vo cung ln th ta suy ra ng day b h mach.

- Xac nh day lon: co the s dung bo phat tone va bo thu e xac nh day lon.


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nh v loi

S dung cau o

Nguyen ly n gian cua cau o ien tr can bang nh sau:

Trong o Rx la ien tr can o.

Khi o ta ong khoa K va ieu chnh bien tr R3 cho ti khi cau can bang (kimien ke ng yen), khi o ta co:

3

2

1R

R

RR

x=

vi: R1va R2la gia tr ien tr cho trc. R3la gia tr bien tr khi ca u can bang

Ta co the s dung cau o ien tr can bang e o ien tr loi. Sau o ta chuyenve gia tr ien tr 20oC roi da vao gia tr ien tr chuan cua day dan hoac ientr cua day tot va dung ty le e tnh ra v tr loi.

Tuy nhien neu s dung cau o ien tr e nh v loi tr khang cao, hoac sdung cau o ien dung e nh v loi h mach th o chnh xac khong cao. Do o, ta

co the s dung thiet b o dung nguyen ly phan xa trong mien thi gian (TDR:Time Domain Reflectometer) e nh v cac loi tren

RxR1

R2 R3K

E


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Phan xa ke trong mien thi gian

Cau truc n gian cua mot he thong phan xa ke trong mien thi gian c mo tanh hnh di ay:

Phng phap nay dung e o trc tiep song ti va song phan xa la ham cua thigian, v the ngi ta goi la phan xa ke trong mien thi gian. Song ti c cung capbi mot nguon ien ap co canh len rat nhanh. Dao ong ky ghi nhan cac bc ienap ngo ra Vi va mot khoang thi gian sau o la ien ap phan xa V r. Khoang thigian gia Vi va Vr cho biet chieu dai cap.

Ban chat cua tai quyet nh hnh dang cua song phan xa.

Tao xung

Dao ong ky

Z

Vi Vr


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng i


P hu l uc A

CAU TRUC VA LUAT MAU

CUA MOT SO LOAI CAP

S sap xep ruot cap va ma mau cap do cac hang san xuat qui nh.

Ruot cap c cau thanh t cac nhom. Kch c cua nhom c ban la 25 oi hoac10 oi. Tuy nhien, co cac phan nhom vi so oi day la 12 oi hoac 13 oi. Cap 25oi co the cau thanh t mot nhom 12 oi va mot nhom 13 oi hoac t mot nhom 25oi.

e tang dung lng cap, ngi ta tang so nhom trong ruot cap va phan biet cacnhom vi nhau theo luat mau day buoc nhom.

1. Cap My

1.1. Luat mau

1.1.1. Luat mau day dan

Nhom c ban 25 oi va c ma hoa theo 5 mau cho day a ket hp vi 5 maucho day b. Bang luat mau nh sau:

Day aDay b

Trang o en Vang Tm

Dng

Cam

Luc

Nau

Tro

1 6 11 16 21

2 7 12 17 22

3 8 13 18 23

4 9 14 19 24

5 10 15 20 25


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng ii


1.1.2. Luat mau day buoc nhom

oi vi cap dung lng nho neu so lng nhom day di 5 th s dung 5 mau

day phu e ma hoa, con neu so lung nhom day ln hn 5 th luat mau day buocnhom giong nh luat mau day dan

oi so Nhom so Ma mau

1 25 1 Trang dng26 50 2 Trang cam51 75 3 Trang luc

76 100 4 Trang nau101 125 5 Trang tro126 150 6 o dng151 175 7 o cam176 200 8 o luc201 225 9 o nau226 250 10 o tro251 275 11 en dng276 300 12 en cam301 325 13 en luc326 350 14 en nau351 375 15 en tro376 400 16 Vang dng401 425 17 Vang cam426 450 18

Vang luc

451 475 19 Vang nau476 500 20 Vang tro501 525 21 Tm dng526 550 22 Tm cam551 575 23 Tm luc576 600 24 Tm nau


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87/112

C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng iv


1.2. Cau truc

1.2.1. Cau truc nhom

a: Nhom 25 oi b: Nhom 12 oi c: Nhom 13 oi

d: 50 di e: 100 oi


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng v


1.2.2. Cau truc cap

Cap 50 oiCap 100 oi

Cap 200 oi

Cap 300 oi Cap 400 oi


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng vi


2. Cap Nhat

2.1. Luat mau

- Cap xoan oi cach ien nha co ma mau giong nh cap My- Cap xoan quad cach ien nha co ma mau nh sau:

2.1.1. Luat mau day dan

Quadoi 1 oi 2

Day a Day b Day a Day b1 Dng Trang Nau en

2 Vang Trang Nau en

3 Luc Trang Nau en

4 o Trang Nau en

5 Tm Trang Nau en


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng vii


2.1.2. Luat mau day buoc nhom

oi so Nhom so Ma mau

1 10 1 Dng

11 20 2 Vang

21 30 3 Luc

31 40 4 o

41 50 5 Tm

51 60 6 Dng trang61 70 7 Vang trang

71 80 8 Luc trang

81 90 9 o trang

91 100 10 Tm trang

101 110 11 Dng nau

111 120 12 Vang nau

121 130 13 Luc nau

131 140 14 o nau

141 150 45 Tm nau

151 160 46 Dng en

161 170 17 Vang en

171 180 18 Luc en

181 190 19 o en

191 200 20 Tm en


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng viii


2.2. Cau truc cap

Cap 100 oi

Cap 200 oi

1

Cap 10 oi

1

2

Cap 20 oi

1

23

Cap 30 oi

1

2

34

5

Cap 50 oi


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng ix


3. Cap Viet Nam

3.1. Cap Vina Deasung

3.1.1. Luat mau

Luat mau cung giong nh cap My. Tuy nhien co mot so loai cap co luat mau day

buoc nhom nh sau: nhom bat au mau o, nhom ket thuc mau luc, cac nhom gia

mau trang/khong mau.

3.1.2. Cau truc cap

Dng

12 oi

Dng

13 oi

Cam

12 oi

Cam

13 oi

Cap 50 oi

Dng

25 oi

Cam

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Nau

25 oi

Cap 100 oi

Dng

12 oi

Dng

13 oi

Cam

12 oi

Cam

13 oi

o

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Cap 200 oi

Dng

25 oi

Cam

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Nau

25 oi

o

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Cap 300 oi

o

25 oi

o

25 oi

o

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Luc

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Trang

25 oi

Cap 400 oi


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C a u tr uc va l ua t ma u T ra ng x


3.2. Cap Sacom

3.2.1. Luat mau

Luat mau cung giong nh cap My.

3.2.2. Cau truc cap

Cap 300 oi

1

2

Cap 50 oi

1

23

Cap 30 oi Cap 100 oi

1

3

2

4

Cap 200 oi

8 3

2

41

56

7

1

23

412 5

6

7

89

10

11

Cap 400 oi

16

3

2

41

56

7

11

814

9

1012

13

15

Nhom 10 oi


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K yhieu cap T ra ng i


P hu l uc B

KY HIEU CAP

THEO TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM

-CCP

:Solid Colour Code Polyethylene Insulated Cable

- FSP:Foam-skin Polyethylene Insulated Cable- JF:Jelly Filled Cable- SS: Self-Supporting Cable- LAP :Laminated Aluminum Polyme


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T ieu chuan ie n kh T ra ng i


P hu l uc C

TIEU CHUAN IEN KH CUA CAP

1. Cac ch tieu c ly

1.1. Day dan ng knh day dan phai thoa man cac gia tr quy nh trong bang di ay:

ng knh tieu chuan (mm) Sai so cho phep (mm)

0.32 0.01

0.4 0.01

0.5 0.010.65 0.02

0.9 0.02

Cng o lc keo t va o dan dai khi t

Cng o lc keo t va o dan dai khi t cua day dan vi cac ng knhkhac nhau phai ln hn cac gia tr qui nh trong bang di ay:

ng knh day dan(mm)

o dan dai day dan(%)

Cng o lc keo tday dan (kgf/mm2)

0.32 10 20

0.4 12 20

0.5 15 20

0.65 20 20

0.9 22 20


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1.2. Cach ien day dan

o day xuyen tam cua vo cach ien day dan c chon sao cho am bao cac ch

tieu ien kh. Cng o lc keo t va o dan dai khi t

Cng o lc keo t va o dan dai khi t phai ln hn cac gia tr quy nh nhbang di ay:

Tham soCh tieu

Cap CCP Cap FSP

Cng o lc keo t

(kgf/mm2) 1.05 1.05

o dan dai khi t (%) 400 300

1.3. Vo cap

o day trung bnh cua vo cap

o day trung bnh cua vo cap phu thuoc vao kch thc loi cap va c qui nh

theo bang di ay:ng knh loi

cap (mm)o day trung bnhtieu chuan vo cap

(mm)

ng knh loicap (mm)

o day trung bnhtieu chuan vo cap

(mm)

15.0 va nho hn 1.5 45.1 en 50.0 2.5

15.1 en 20.0 1.8 50.1 en 55.0 2.7

20.1 en 25.0 1.9 55.1 en 60.0 2.8

25.1 en 30.0 2.0 60.1 en 65.0 2.9

30.1 en 35.0 2.1 65.1 en 70.0 3.0

35.1 en 40.0 2.3 70.1 en 75.0 3.1

40.1 en 45.0 2.4 75.1 va ln hn 3.2

o day trung bnh nho nhat cua vo cap khong c nho hn 90% o day trung

bnh tieu chuan.


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Vat lieu vo cap c th nghiem phai co cng o lc keo t va o dan dai khit ln hn cac gia tr quy nh trong bang di ay:

Cng o lc keo t (kgf/mm2) o dan dai khi t (%)

1.2 400

2. Ch tieu ien

2.1. ien tr day dan

ien tr mot chieu cua 1 Km chieu dai day dan khi o nhiet o 20oC hoacc quy oi ve gia tr nhiet o nay khong c vt qua cac gia tr quy nhtrong bang di ay:

ng knh day dan(mm)

ien tr mot chieu day dan (/Km)Gia tr trung bnh cc

aiGia tr ca biet cc ai

0.32 220.0 239.0

0.4 139.0 147.0

0.5 88.7 93.5

0.65 52.5 56.5

0.9 27.4 29.0

Khi o nhiet o khac 20o

C th gia tr ien tr mot chieu c quy oi ve gia trien tr nhiet o 20oC theo cong thc sau:

)20(120

+

=

ta

RR

t

trong o a: he so nhiet ien tr (day ong co a= 0.00393)

oi vi cap t 100 oi tr len, cho phep 1% so oi trong cuon cap khong at yeucau ve ien tr ca biet cc ai.


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T ieu chuan ie n kh T ra ng iv


2.2. Mc o mat can bang ien tr

Mc o mat can bang ien tr gia hai day dan cua mot oi day bat ky trong

cuon cap thanh pham khi c xac nh nhiet o 20o

C hoac c quy oi ve giatr nhiet o nay khong c vt qua cac gia tr quy nh trong bang di ay:

ng knh day dan(mm)

Gia tr trung bnh cc ai(%)

Gia tr ca biet cc ai(%)

0.32 2.0 5.0

0.4 2.0 5.0

0.5 1.5 5.0

0.65 1.5 4.0

0.9 1.5 4.0

oi vi cap t 100 oi tr len, cho phep 1% so oi trong cuon cap khong at yeucau ve mc o mat can bang ien tr ca biet cc ai.

2.3. ien dung cong tacien dung cong tac la ien dung tng ho gia hai day dan cua mot oi day khi

tat ca cac oi con lai c noi vi man bao che va tat ca c noi at.

Trong mot cuon cap bat ky, ien dung cong tac cua tat ca cac oi day c o tan so 1 kHz va nhiet o 20oC khong c vt qua gia tr quy nh trong bangdi ay:

So oi trong cap

Loai cap

Gia tr trung bnh cc ai

(nF/Km)

Gia tr ca biet cc ai

(nF/Km)FSP CCP FSP CCP

12 oi tr xuong 52 4 55 58 60

13 oi tr len 52 2 55 57 60

oi vi cap t 100 oi tr len, cho phep 1% so oi trong cuon cap khong at yeucau ve gia tr ien dung ca biet cc ai.


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2.4. ien tr cach ien

ien tr cach ien cua moi day a c boc cach ien so vi tat ca cac day

khac va vi man che cua cap thanh pham moi chieu dai c o 20o

C phai lnhn 10000M

2.5. o chu ien ap cao mot chieu

Cach ien gia cac day dan va gia day dan vi man che cua cap tren suotchieu dai cua cap thanh pham phai chu c ien ap mot chieu at tren o (trongthi gian 3 giay) co gia tr ln hn hoac bang gia tr quy nh trong bang di ay

ng knh daydan

(mm)

ien ap th mot chieu

Gia day dan va day dan Gia day dan va man bao che

CCP FSP CCP FSP

0.32 2.0 1.5 5 5

0.4 2.8 2.4 10 10

0.5 4.0 3.0 10 10

0.65 5.0 3.6 10 100.9 7.0 4.5 10 10


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2.6. Suy hao truyen dan

Gia tr trung bnh cc ai cua suy hao truyen dan c o tai tan so 1 kHz, 150 kHz

va 772 kHz nhiet o 20o

C hoac quy oi ve gia tr nhiet o o c quy nh bang di ay:

ng knh day dan(mm)

Gia tr trung bnh cc ai cua suy hao truyen dan(dB/Km)

1 kHz 150 kHz 772 kHz

0.32 2.37 3% 16.3 31.6

0.4 1.58 3% 12.3 23.6

0.5 1.44 3% 8.9 19.8

0.65 1.13 3% 6.0 13.9

0.9 0.82 3% 5.4 12.0

oi vi cap t 100 oi tr len, chophep 1% so oi trong cuon cap khong at yeu

cau ve gia tr suy hao truyen dan ca biet cc ai. Gia tr suy hao truyen dan ca bietcc ai c tnh bang 110% gia tr trung bnh trong bang tren.

2.7. Suy hao xuyen am

Suy hao cua tong cong suat xuyen am trung bnh au xa va suy hao cua tongcong suat xuyen am ca biet au xa tren cap thanh pham c o tai cac tan so 150kHz va 772 kHz phai ln hn gia tr trong bang di ay

Gia tr trung bnh toi thieu(db/Km)

Gia tr ca biet toi thieu

(db/Km)

(mm)F (kHz)

0.9 0.65 0.5 0.4 0.32 0.9 0.65 0.5 0.4 0.32

150 60 58 58 56 54 54 52 52 52 52

772 46 44 44 42 40 40 38 38 38 38


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Suy hao cua tong cong suat xuyen am au gan trung bnh va suy hao cua tongcong suat xuyen am au gan ca biet c o trong moi nhom bat ky cua cap thanhpham tai tan so 150 kHz va 772 kHz phai ln hn gia tr trong bang di ay

Tan so(kHz)

Gia tr trung bnh toi thieu(dB/Km)

Gia tr ca biet toi thieu(dB/Km)

150 58 53

772 47 42


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P hu l uc C

MOT SO KY HIEU

S DUNG TREN S O, HOA O

STT Noi dung Ky hieu Ghi chu

1 Dan phoi tuyen

2 Tong ai noi hat

3 Tong

mang truy nhap ( mang ngoai vi )

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