managing whiteflies in south carolina vegetableswhitefly eggs/plant 250 200 150 100 50 0 metallic...
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Whiteflies – damage• Sooty molds
• Developmental issues
• Leaf silvering
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus
Scouting
• 5 adults/leaf (tomato, eggplant, green bean)
• 3 adults/leaf melon (AZ)
• Sticky cards
• Look for increasing populations
Whiteflies – life cycle
60-300 eggs
21-60 days
Common name Ex. Product MOA Efficacymethomyl Lannate 1A F
oxamyl Vydate 1A Facephate Orthene 1B F
fenpropathrin Danitol 3 Fbifenthrin Brigade 3 F
imidacloprid Admire 4A Gacetamiprid Assail 4A G
thimethoxam Plantinum/Actara 4A Gdinotefuran Venom/Scorpion 4A G
flupyradifurone Sivanto 4D Epyriproxyfen Knack/Distance 7C Gpymetrozine Fulfill 9B F
novaluron Rimon 15 Gbuprofezin Courier 16 Gtolfenpyrad Torac 21A F
spiromesifen Oberon 23 Gspirotetramat Movento 23 G
chlorantraniliprole Coragen 28 Gcyantraniliprole Verimark/Exirel 28 G
F = fairG = goodE = excellent
SE US 2017 Veg Crop Handbookpg. 164
Whiteflies – registered materials
4A 4A 4A 4A 4D 7C 16 23 23 28 28
AssailAdmire
ProVenom/ Scorpion
Plantinum/ Actara Sivanto Knack Courier Movento Oberon Coragen
Verimark/ Exirel
Beans x x x xGreens x x x x xColes x x x x xTomato x x x x x x x x x xEggplant x x x x x x x x x xCucumber x x x x x x x x x xPumpkin/Squash x x x x x x x x x xCantaloupe x x x x x x x x x xWatermelon x x x x x x x x xOkra x x x x x x x
Whiteflies – insecticide program• Preventative – neonic soil applications at plant
• Do not follow soil apps with foliar apps of neonics (4)
• After nymphs are noted, growth regulator-type materials should be applied
Some growth regulators have little effect on adults other than to suppress egg laying (Knack)
• Be careful with rotations!
• Translaminar uptake is important
Whiteflies – biological control
• Minute pirate bug
• Parasitoid wasp (Encarsiaand Eretmocerus)
• Green lacewings
• Lady beetles
Whiteflies – cultural control• Early plantings
• Virus-resistant cultivars
• Clean transplants
• Row covers
• Avoid planting near fields with whiteflies/virus
Whiteflies – cultural control• Remove symptomatic
plants
• Destroy crop residue
• Cucurbit free period 2-3 months
• Reflective mulches
Mulch trial• Sponsored by Raven
Industries
• New mulch colors: blue & greenRM BOOST
• Repellency to whiteflies in cages and a greenhouse study
• Tomatoes
Mulch trial
Mulch trial – choice, no plant
Mulch trial – choice, no plant
Adult whiteflies/sticky card
0102030405060
MetallicWhiteBlackBlueGreen
10 20 30 40 50 60
Soil
*
**
**
**
*
**
Mulch trial – choice, plant
Mulch trial – choice, plant
50 100 150 200 250
Soil
Whitefly eggs/plant
050100150200250
Metallic White BlackBlueGreen
*
*
**
*
*
Mulch trial – no choice, no plant
Mulch Type
Green Blue Black White Metallic None
Adul
t whi
tefli
es/s
ticky
car
d
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 ab
aa
b b
a
Mulch trial – choice, plant
Mulch Type
Green Blue Black White Metallic None
Whi
tefly
egg
s/pl
ant
0
50
100
150
200
250
Mulch trial – greenhouse
• Sticky cards
• 1 leaf/plant/week
• Monitored for 4 weeks
Mulch trial – greenhouse
Week
1 2 3 4 Cumulative
Whi
tefly
egg
s/le
af s
ampl
e
0
50
100
150
200
250GreenBlueBlackWhiteMetallicPotting Soil
Mulch trial – greenhouse
Week
1 2 3 4 Cumulative
Whi
tefly
imm
atur
es/le
af s
ampl
e
0
100
200
300
400
500
a a a aa a
ab
bb b
b
aab
ab
a
cbc
a
a aa a
a a
abc
bc
ab
cbc
a
Mulch trial – greenhouse
Week
1 2 3 4 Cumulative
Whi
tefly
adu
lts/s
ticky
car
d
0
40
80
120
160
ab
bc
a
d
cd
a
a
b
a
bb
a
aa a
a
b b
ab
b
a
c c
a
abb
ab
c c
a
Mulch trial – greenhouse
Week
Week
1 2 3 4 Cumulative
Para
sito
ids/
stic
ky c
ard
0
40
80
120
160
a
b b
bc
c
a
a
bab
b
c
a a
bb b b
a
abc
abcd
d
aab
bcc cc
a
Resistance issues – spider mites
95 active ingredients501 documented cases
Spider mites – pesticidesMaterial Group Crops Stages Efficacy
(1-4)Agri-Mek 6 Motiles 3Savey 10A Juveniles 3Zeal 10B Juveniles 3Vendex 12B Motiles 2Kanemite 20B Motiles (eggs) 4Acramite 20D Motiles (eggs) 4Portal 21A Motiles 3Oberon 23 Juveniles (adult) 4Nealta 25 Motiles (eggs) 3
Spider mites – pesticidesMaterial Group Crops Stages Efficacy
(1-4)Agri-Mek 6 Motiles 3Savey 10A Juveniles 3Zeal 10B Juveniles 3Vendex 12B Motiles 2Kanemite 20B Motiles (eggs) 4Acramite 20D Motiles (eggs) 4Portal 21A Motiles 3Oberon 23 Juveniles (adult) 4Nealta 25 Motiles (eggs) 3
Vigilant
Lab
Col
ony
Tom
ato
1
Tom
ato
2
Tom
ato
3
PPM
AI
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Resistance issues – spider mites
LC50 =Dose to kill 50% of the population
Agri-mek
Field dose
Lab
Col
ony
Tom
ato
1
Tom
ato
2
Tom
ato
3
PPM
AI
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Resistance issues – spider mites
LC50 =Dose to kill 50% of the population
BrigadeField dose
Lab
Col
ony
Tom
ato
1
Tom
ato
2
Tom
ato
3
PPM
AI
0
50
100
150
200
250
Resistance issues – spider mites
LC50 =Dose to kill 50% of the population
Nealta Field dose
Lab
Col
ony
Tom
ato
1
Tom
ato
2
Tom
ato
3
PPM
AI
0369
1215
160
Resistance issues – spider mites
LC50 =Dose to kill 50% of the population
Oberon
Field dose
Product Rate PPM Spider mite % mortality
FL strawberry 2016
Lab susceptible
Acramite FD/5 120 36.6 100FD 600 71.8 100
FD*5 3000 93.2 —Agrimek FD/5 2.8 13.0 100
FD 14 10.4 97.7FD*5 70 36.7 100
Brigade FD/5 19 9.5 92.3FD 96 21.9 100
FD*5 480 30.3 —Kanemite FD/5 73 43.9 100
FD 363 80.4 100FD*5 1818 100 —
Nealta FD/5 43 40.0 100FD 215 94.4 100
FD*5 1075 95.3 —
FD = field dose
Acknowledgements
John Coffey Danielle Lewis
