Managing Difficult to Control Tarnished Plant Bugs

Managing Difficult to Control Tarnished Plant Bugs

Jeff Gore – USDA-ARS, Stoneville

OverviewOverview

• Sources of Infestations

• Area-wide Management

• Variety Selection

• Spray Intervals and Rotations

• Insecticides and Coverage

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Tarnished Plant Bug Control: Mississippi

Tarnished Plant Bug Control: Mississippi

No

. A

pp

lica

tio

ns

Tarnished Plant Bug ControlMid-South States – 102 Tests

Orthene and Bidrin

Tarnished Plant Bug ControlMid-South States – 102 Tests

Orthene and Bidrin

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Max

imu

m P

erce

nt

Co

ntr

ol

Data adapted from Arthropod Management Tests 1994-2005

Acephate Resistance SurveyAcephate Resistance Survey

6.88.5

16.1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Aug-Sept 2005 May-06 Aug-Sept 2006

Me

an

LC

50

Did not lose resistanceduring the winter

Examples of early-spring broadleaf hosts of tarnished plant bug

ButtercupEvening Primrose

Butterweed Annual Fleabane

Sourdock

Vetch Crimson Clover Cutleaf Primrose

Area-wide Plant Bug Management

One herbicide application from late-Feb. through March.

Area-Wide Plant Bug ControlDelta

Area-Wide Plant Bug ControlDelta

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Treated

Untreated

Week in June

No

. p

er 1

00 s

wee

ps

Week in July

Area-Wide Plant Bug ControlHills

Area-Wide Plant Bug ControlHills

00.5

11.5

2

2.53

3.54

4.55

Treated

Untreated

Sample Date

No

. p

er 1

00 s

wee

ps

Economic BenefitEconomic Benefit

$6.46

$7.81

$3.44

$5.90

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1999 2000 2001 Average

Do

llars

per

Acr

e

Plant Bugs in DP 444 vs 555Plant Bugs in DP 444 vs 555

0

5

10

15

20

25

2-Jul 12-Jul 22-Jul 1-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug

DP 555 BR

DP 444 BR

NAWF 5 + 350

NAWF 5 + 350

Nym

ph

per

6 f

t.

Nectariless CottonBailey et al. 1980

Nectariless CottonBailey et al. 1980

713

757749

825

600

650

700

750

800

850

Untreated Treated

Nectaried

Nectariless

Yie

ld

Foliar Plant Bug ControlFoliar Plant Bug Control

71 70 7065

61

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Carbine Bidrin Orthene Trimax Centric Capture

Per

cen

t C

on

tro

l

Plant Bug Control With ExperimentalsPlant Bug Control With Experimentals

34

57

41

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Experimental A Experimental B

Experimental C Experimental D

Per

cen

t C

on

tro

l

Insecticide Application IntervalsInsecticide Application Intervals

23

8

100 100

70

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

Pre-Test Counts Percent Control

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days

Percen

tN

ymp

hs/

6 ft

.

Pre

-tre

atm

ent

4 DAT with Orthene (0.5 lb)

Insecticide RotationsInsecticide Rotations

23

8 4 4

0

1.5

4 4 43

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

Pre-Test Counts 9 DAT 2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Orthene (0.5) Orthene (0.5) + 6 oz DiamondOrthene (1.0) Centric (2 oz)Trimax (1.8 oz) Carbine (2.8 oz)Vydate (0.33) Bidrin (0.5)UTC

Nym

ph

s/6 ft.Nym

ph

s/6

ft.

Pre

-tre

atm

ent

4 DAT with Orthene (0.5 lb)

Insecticide RotationsInsecticide Rotations

23

8

2.3 2.3

1.8

0.8

2.3

1.81.5

1.3

3.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Pre-Test Counts 3 DAT 3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Orthene (0.5) Orthene (0.5) + 6 oz DiamondOrthene (1.0) Centric (2 oz)Trimax (1.8 oz) Carbine (2.8 oz)Vydate (0.33) Bidrin (0.5)UTC

Nym

ph

s/6 ft.Nym

ph

s/6

ft.

Pre

-tre

atm

ent

4 DAT with Orthene (0.5 lb)

Insecticide Rotations Insecticide Rotations

0

5

10

15

20

25

8/3 8/4 8/5 8/6 8/7 8/8 8/9 8/10 8/11 8/12 8/13 8/14 8/15 8/16 8/17 8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23 8/24

UntreatedOrthene (0.5)Centric

Nu

mb

er/6

ft.

5 days 9 days

Tarnished Plant Bug ControlTarnished Plant Bug Control

1.7

2.3

3

1.5

0.6

1

2

0.9

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

17-Jul 22-Jul 27-Jul 1-Aug 6-Aug 11-Aug 16-Aug 21-Aug 26-Aug

Orthene (0.5) Orthene (0.5) + Diamond (6)

Nym

ph

s p

er 6

ft.

1st Application 7-14-05

Impact of Leaf Type on TPB Control4 DAT1 with Orthene (0.5 lb) + Diamond (6 oz.)

Impact of Leaf Type on TPB Control4 DAT1 with Orthene (0.5 lb) + Diamond (6 oz.)

5

8.5

25

12.5

80

32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Okra Leaf Normal Leaf Okra Leaf Normal Leaf

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Sprayed Non-Sprayed Percent Control

Nym

ph

s/6

ft.

Percen

t Co

ntro

l

Impact of Nozzle Type on Insect ControlPlant Bug Control, Orthene (0.5 lb)

Impact of Nozzle Type on Insect ControlPlant Bug Control, Orthene (0.5 lb)

65

49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hollow Cone (TX-12) Air Induction (AI 11002)

Pe

rce

nt

Mo

rta

lity

(4

8 H

AT

)

40 psi, 5 mph, 9.4 GPA

Impact of Nozzle Type on Insect ControlPlant Bug Control, Centric (2 oz.)

Impact of Nozzle Type on Insect ControlPlant Bug Control, Centric (2 oz.)

96.4

75.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hollow Cone (TX-12) Air Induction (AI 11002)

Pe

rce

nt

Mo

rta

lity

(4

8 H

AT

)

40 psi, 5 mph, 9.4 GPA

TPB Distribution in CottonTPB Distribution in Cotton

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Bidrin (0.5 lb ai) Untreated

Node Below Terminal

Fre

qu

ency

Bidrin = 14 TPB

Nontreated = 32 TPB

Bidrin = 12 TPB

Nontreated = 5 TPB

Temik Side Band ApplicationsTemik Side Band Applications

3.9

11.9

9.8

2

4.8

8.8

4.1

2.3

6.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

5 DAT 10 DAT 20 DAT

Non-treated Temik 5 lbs. Temik 8 lbs.

No

. N

ymp

hs

per

6 r

ow

ft.

60-80%

10-31%

Summary and ConclusionsSummary and Conclusions

• Control with insecticides will become less consistent.

• Spray intervals and rotations will be important.

• Spray only when absolutely necessary and use accurate scouting methods and thresholds.

Summary and ConclusionsSummary and Conclusions

• No “silver bullets” in the near future.

• Other factors that reduce plant bug numbers will need to be considered and integrated with foliar insecticides.

– Variety selection:short season vs. long seasonnectaried vs. nectariless

– Plant bug sources:wild hostsother crops