management functions & principles
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Management Functions & Principles. Overview. Managerial Environment Management Processes (Functions) Managerial Roles Universality of the Manager’s Job Managerial Skills AF Management Perspective Case Study. Managerial Environment . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Management Functions & Management Functions &
PrinciplesPrinciples
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• Managerial Environment• Management Processes (Functions)• Managerial Roles• Universality of the Manager’s Job• Managerial Skills• AF Management Perspective• Case Study
OverviewOverview
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Managerial Environment Managerial Environment
• Manager: individuals of an organization who direct the activities of others
• Organization: systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose
Characteristics
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Managerial EnvironmentManagerial Environment
• Management: the process of getting things done effectively & efficiently through & with other people
– Effectiveness: doing the right thing; goal attainment
– Efficiency: the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs
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Efficiency vs. EffectivenessEfficiency vs. Effectiveness
Managerial EnvironmentManagerial Environment
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Management ProcessesManagement Processes
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• Basics– Defining Goals– Establish Strategies– Develop General Plan
• Resource Constraints• Answer (who, what, etc.)• Up-to-date
PlanningPlanning
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PlanningPlanning
• Essential Planning Activities– Understand the mission– Focus on desired result– Analyze the operating environment– Involve others in planning process– Divide the project into manageable portions– Determine key objectives– Analyze alternate courses of action– Select best course of action– Publish the plan– Modify as needed
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OrganizingOrganizing
4 Steps of Organizing
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OrganizingOrganizing
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LeadingLeading
• Motivating• Direct activities of others• Select most effective communication channels• Resolve conflicts
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ControllingControlling
• Monitor performance• Compare results with standards• Apply corrective action
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Management ProcessesManagement Processes
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Managerial RolesManagerial Roles
• Interpersonal• Informational• Decisional
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Universality of Manager’s JobUniversality of Manager’s Job
• Level in the organization• Profit vs. not-for-profit• Size of organization• Transferability across national borders• Making decisions & dealing with change
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Universality of Manager’s JobUniversality of Manager’s Job
• Distribution of time
Source: Adapted from T. A. Mahoney, T. H. Jerdee, and S. J. Carroll, “The Job(s) of Management.” Industrial Relations 4, no. 2 (1965), p. 103.
First Level Managers: Direct the day-to-day activities of subordinates
Middle Manager: Manage other managers; translate goals of top management into details lower-level managers can perform
Top Manager: Establishes policies that affect all organization members
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Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
• Skills– General
• Conceptual: Mental ability to coordinate interest/activities
• Interpersonal: understand, mentor, motivate others• Technical: Use tools, procedures, techniques• Political: build power base & est. connections
– Specific (behaviors of effectiveness)
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Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
• Skills– General– Specific (behaviors of effectiveness)
• Controlling organizational environment/resources• Organizing & coordinating• Handling information• Provide growth & development• Motivate & handle conflicts• Strategic problem solving
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AF Management PerspectiveAF Management Perspective
• Philosophy– Management is a command responsibility– Managers must achieve greatest effect w/ available
resources– Decentralized operations = optimized resources– Centralized resource control is essential
• Policies
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AF Management PerspectiveAF Management Perspective
• Philosophy• Policies
– Commanders ensure effective mgmt of human, materiel, & financial resources
– Decentralized operations (central as required)– Organizations, methods, & procedures must be
readily adaptable to changing conditions– Decision-making authority must be decentralized
to improve productivity/job satisfaction
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Do Organizations Need Managers, Leaders, or Both?
Case StudyCase Study
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• Managerial Environment• Management Processes (Functions)• Managerial Roles• Universality of the Manager’s Job• Managerial Skills• AF Management Perspective• Case Study
SummarySummary