management: definition and overview. management definition: “the effective and efficient...
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Management:Management:Definition and Definition and
OverviewOverview
Management Definition:Management Definition:
““The effective and efficient attainment of The effective and efficient attainment of organizational goals through planning, organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources.”organizational resources.”
In English: In English:
“ “The art of getting things done through The art of getting things done through people.”people.”
Functions of Management:Functions of Management:Plan, Organize, Lead, Plan, Organize, Lead,
ControlControl
Planning:Select goals
and ways to attain them
Organizing:Assign
responsibility for task
accomplishment
Controlling:Monitor activities
and make corrections
Leading:Use influence to motivate employees
Planning:Planning:
● ● Define Organizational GoalsDefine Organizational Goals
● ● Define Product or ServiceDefine Product or Service
● ● Market Research and AnalysisMarket Research and Analysis
● ● Determine Market NicheDetermine Market Niche
● ● Create Mission StatementCreate Mission Statement
Organizing:Organizing:
● ● Creating the Structure of the Creating the Structure of the OrganizationOrganization
● ● Determine Business EntityDetermine Business Entity
● ● Determine Business ModelDetermine Business Model
Leading:Leading:
● ● Communicating with and Communicating with and Motivating EmployeesMotivating Employees
● ● Team BuildingTeam Building
● ● Create Motivational Tools; Incentive Create Motivational Tools; Incentive ProgramsPrograms
Controlling:Controlling:
● ● Monitor Performance and Take Monitor Performance and Take Corrective ActionCorrective Action
● ● Performance FeedbackPerformance Feedback
● ● BenchmarkingBenchmarking
● ● ReengineeringReengineering
Management Personality Management Personality Traits:Traits:
● ● Conceptual – “Big Picture” DrivenConceptual – “Big Picture” Driven
● ● Human – Relational DrivenHuman – Relational Driven
● ● Technical – Details DrivenTechnical – Details Driven
Manager’s Workbook Manager’s Workbook QuizQuiz
Goal Setting and Goal Setting and PlanningPlanning
Goal – A Desired Future ResultGoal – A Desired Future Result
Plan – A Blueprint for Achieving Your Plan – A Blueprint for Achieving Your GoalGoal
PlanningPlanning
Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”
Mission StatementMission Statement
““The Mission of Southwest Airlines is The Mission of Southwest Airlines is Dedication to the Highest Quality of Dedication to the Highest Quality of Customer Service, Delivered with a Customer Service, Delivered with a
Sense of Warmth, Friendliness, Sense of Warmth, Friendliness, Individual Pride and Company Individual Pride and Company
Spirit.”Spirit.”
PlanningPlanning
Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”
Vision StatementVision Statement
““To Become the Largest Air-Carrier in To Become the Largest Air-Carrier in
The United States, in Terms of The United States, in Terms of
Passengers Carried.”Passengers Carried.”
PlanningPlanning
Upper Management1-5 Year Goals
Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”
Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Strategic PlanStrategic Plan
To Continue Expansion and To Continue Expansion and Profitability by:Profitability by:
1)1) Keeping Costs and Fares LowKeeping Costs and Fares Low
2)2) Continuing Superior On-Time Continuing Superior On-Time Arrival RecordArrival Record
3)3) Providing Positively Outrageous Providing Positively Outrageous ServiceService
PlanningPlanning
Upper Management1-5 Year Goals
Middle Management6-24 Months
Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”
Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Tactical Planning“Activities Needed to Achieve Vision”
Tactical PlanTactical Plan
● ● Turn Aircraft in 20 MinutesTurn Aircraft in 20 Minutes
● ● Serve Peanuts Instead of MealsServe Peanuts Instead of Meals
● ● Fly Into Smaller, Less Congested Fly Into Smaller, Less Congested CitiesCities
PlanningPlanning
Upper Management1-5 Year Goals
Middle Management6-24 Months
Front-Line Managers1-52 Weeks
Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”
Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Tactical Planning“Activities Needed to Achieve Vision”
Operational Planning“Use of Resources to Achieve Vision”
Operational PlanOperational Plan
● ● Increase On-Time Performance to Increase On-Time Performance to 90%90%
● ● Lower Delayed Baggage to .5%Lower Delayed Baggage to .5%
● ● Increase Commendation/Complaint Increase Commendation/Complaint Ratio to 4:1Ratio to 4:1
SMART Goal SettingSMART Goal Setting
● ● Specific – “90% of Arrivals On-Time”Specific – “90% of Arrivals On-Time”
● ● Measurable – “Based on D.O.T. Measurable – “Based on D.O.T. Statistics”Statistics”
● ● Attainable – “We Only an Increase of Attainable – “We Only an Increase of 1.5%”1.5%”
● ● Results Oriented – “To Decrease Results Oriented – “To Decrease Boarding Times by 5 Minutes”Boarding Times by 5 Minutes”
● ● Target Dates – “In the Next 6 Target Dates – “In the Next 6 Months”Months”
A Brief History of A Brief History of ManagementManagement
Early Management:Early Management:
● ● Egyptians and MesopotamiansEgyptians and Mesopotamians
● ● Forced LaborForced Labor
● ● Harsh Repercussions for non-Harsh Repercussions for non-compliancecompliance
Classical ManagementClassical Management
● ● Started by the Industrial RevolutionStarted by the Industrial Revolution
● ● Geared Towards ManufacturingGeared Towards Manufacturing
Classical ManagementClassical Management
Max WeberMax Weber● ● Bureaucratic OrganizationsBureaucratic Organizations
● ● Positional AuthorityPositional Authority
● ● Charismatic AuthorityCharismatic Authority
● ● Merit Based Pay and RaisesMerit Based Pay and Raises
Classical ManagementClassical Management
Frederick TaylorFrederick Taylor● ● Shop ManagementShop Management published 1903 published 1903
● ● Believed Workers Ration Their Believed Workers Ration Their WorkWork
● ● One Right Way One Right Way
● ● Motion Studies – Bethlehem SteelMotion Studies – Bethlehem Steel
Classical ManagementClassical Management
Frank GilbrethFrank Gilbreth● “● “Father of Time Motion Studies”Father of Time Motion Studies”
● ● Filmed Elemental MotionsFilmed Elemental Motions
● ● Estimated Time FunctionsEstimated Time Functions
● ● Created Ergonomic ToolsCreated Ergonomic Tools
Modern ManagementModern Management
Henri FayolHenri Fayol● “● “Father of Modern Management”Father of Modern Management”
● ● Wrote Wrote General and Industrial General and Industrial ManagementManagement
● ● Created Five Functions of a Manager:Created Five Functions of a Manager:
Plan, Organize, Command, Plan, Organize, Command, Coordinate, ControlCoordinate, Control
Modern ManagementModern Management
Mary Parker FollettMary Parker Follett● ● Universal Goal Universal Goal
● ● Universal Principle Universal Principle
● ● Law of SituationLaw of Situation
Hawthorne StudiesHawthorne Studies
Harvard Business SchoolHarvard Business School● ● Hawthorne EffectHawthorne Effect
● ● Illumination StudyIllumination Study
● ● Group DynamicsGroup Dynamics
Chester BarnardChester Barnard● ● Wrote Wrote Functions of the ExecutiveFunctions of the Executive
● ● Acceptance TheoryAcceptance Theory
● ● Zone of IndifferenceZone of Indifference
Abraham MaslowAbraham Maslow● ● Hierarchy of Needs TheoryHierarchy of Needs Theory
● ● All Humans Have same Basic All Humans Have same Basic Needs:Needs:
Physiological, Safety, Social, Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-ActualizationEsteem, Self-Actualization
Theory XTheory X
● ● Average Human Dislikes WorkAverage Human Dislikes Work
● ● People Must be Coerced, Controlled People Must be Coerced, Controlled and Threatened to Workand Threatened to Work
● ● Average Human Wants to be Average Human Wants to be DirectedDirected
Theory YTheory Y
● ● Average Human Does Not Dislike Average Human Does Not Dislike WorkWork
● ● People Will Exercise Self-DirectionPeople Will Exercise Self-Direction
● ● Average Human Seeks Average Human Seeks ResponsibilityResponsibility
● ● Workers have a High Degree of Workers have a High Degree of Imagination and Problem Solving Imagination and Problem Solving CapabilitiesCapabilities
Human Resources SchoolHuman Resources School
● ● Focused on Leadership and Focused on Leadership and MotivationMotivation
● ● Employees are Creative and Employees are Creative and CompetentCompetent
● ● Employees Want Meaningful WorkEmployees Want Meaningful Work
● ● Employees Want to Participate in Employees Want to Participate in LeadershipLeadership
● ● Employees are an Untapped ResourceEmployees are an Untapped Resource
Systems TheorySystems Theory
● ● All Parts of Organization are All Parts of Organization are ConnectedConnected
● ● Seeks SynergySeeks Synergy
Contingency ViewContingency View
● ● Fit Structure of Organization to Fit Structure of Organization to Outside EventsOutside Events
● ● Situational LeadershipSituational Leadership
● ● Flexible Guidelines for LeadersFlexible Guidelines for Leaders
Total Quality Management - Total Quality Management - TQMTQM
● ● Employee InvolvementEmployee Involvement
● ● Focus on CustomerFocus on Customer
● ● BenchmarkingBenchmarking
● ● Continuous ImprovementContinuous Improvement