MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT

• A person can be a leader and a manager, or only one of the two

• Leadership is something you are born with or something you develop over time

• Management is a position you fulfill, something you are appointed as

LEADERSHIP

• Process of social interaction through which the leader influences others to willingly act towards achieving common goals and objectives

• Motivation, guidance, advice or information, and support

TASKS AND SKILLS OF LEADERS

• Being visionary, giving orders with direction, takes action, works willingly and inspires people by instilling confidence and a positive attitude

• Look for opportunities and encourages change and innovation

• Communicating effectively and having good listening skills

• Motivating people, understanding their needs and what motivates them

• Setting examples for others to follow, treating people with respect

• Encouraging effective team work through chohesion and creating an environment of mutual trust

MANAGEMENT

• People in charge of running a business or organization

• Four main tasks:

Planning Organising Leading Control

Planning

• Looks at the future

• Sets goals and objectives

• Decide how to carry out activities in the business

Organising

• Arrange business activities and resources so as to meet goals and objectives

• Setting up a structure

• Give duties, orders and responsibilites

Leading

• Influence, guide, motivate and inspire

Control

• Check to see that activities are carried out

• Make sure things are running smoothly and according to plan

• Take action to ensure goals and objectives are met

• Observation and feedback

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT

• Creates a vision for change and innovation

• Establishes direction and inspires others to follow

• Communicates goals and uses personal qualities to support, empower and motivate people to reach high performance

• Not just task-oriented, but also people oriented

• Has power because of his/her knowledge, skills and expertise

• People follow a leader by choice

• Uses authority to instruct people to do tasks and activities

• Manager controls people by setting up and enforcingrules and procedures to follow

• Manager is task-orientated and allocates resources to carry out the functions of business

• Manager has power becasue of the position of authority given to him

• People usually follow a manager because of the position he/she holds in the business

LEADERSHIP STYLES

• Democratic/Participative styleConsiders the needs and input of followers and encourages group

involvementIncludes employees in the decision making, but has the authority to

make the final decisionsEffective in situations where the leader does not have all the

information needed to make a decision, and employees have valuable information and expertise to contribute

Advantage: employees are happy, motivated and more productive because of their involvement in decision making.

Disadvantage: style could slow down the decision making process

• Autocratic styleTells employees what to do and how they should carry out their tasksNo input or ideas acceptedSet rules, gives orders and apply strict disciplineAppropriate:

Manager has all the necessary information to make decisions and solve problems

When time is limited When employees lack work ethics and discipline

Should not be used to threaten or abuseAdvantage: decisions are made quickly and work gets done timeouslyDisadvantage: Employees could feel that they are not valued and

demotivated, because they are not listened to

• Bureaucratic style:Relies on organizational rules and policiesFollows rules systematically and make sure that employees also adhere

strictly to these rulesAppropriate for routine jobs or in work situations where health and

safety is a priorityAdvantage: employees know exactly what is expected of them, because

of detailed instructionsDisadvantage: doesn’t encourage teamwork, creativity or innovation

• Laissez faire/Delegative styleTells employees what to do but are not prescriptive in how they

should carry out their tasks.Allow employees to work and make their own decisionsLeaders are not prescriptive, but give support in the form of

advice if employees need it.Regular checking of work and feedback to employees are

necessary for this style to be successful.Works well where businesses require flexibility, creativity and

innovation, where employees are skilled and experienced and can be trusted to do their jobs

Advantage: Job satisfaction and high productivity, because they are given freedom to control their own activities.

Disadvantage: Low productivity if the employees lack necessary knowledge or skills, are not disciplined or motivated or don’t manage time effectively

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

• Leaders and followersInteraction and relationship between leaders and followersInteraction between management and employees in the workplace

will affect success or failureSuccessful relationships between leaders and followers will result in

commitment, effective teamwork and achievement of common goals

Theory focuses on the differences that exist between the leader and each of his followers and therefore the leader cannot treat all followers the same.

• Situational leadershipGood leader is someone who uses a combination of leadership

styles and changes his/her style to suit a particular situation.Able to look at the situation and consider various factors, such as

time limits, relationships and skills and capabilities

• Transformational leadershipLeaders inspires followers with a shared vision and motivates and

empowers them to do more than they would usually do or thought they could do

Passion and enthusiasm are common traitsThey are flexible and know how to use their strengths to overcome

their weaknessesFollowers can identify with the leader’s vision because the leader sets

clear goals and communicates them effectivelyThere is focus on both the team and on the individual needs of

employeesLeader has integrity and followers and in turn has trust and respectAdvantage: Employees are loyal, committed and satisfied in their jobsDisadvantage: Can take time and energy to build trust and convincing

employees to believe in a shared vision

• Charismatic leadershipSimilar to transformational leaders, in that they are enthusiastic and

inspire and transform the people they leadThey guide people by using charm and self-confidence and their

personality attracts attentionDifference between charismatic and transformational leaders often

lies in their purposeTransformational leaders want to transform their organizationCharismatic leaders are focused on themselves and may not want

to change anything – believes more in themselves than in their team.

• Transactional leadershipLeader creates clear structures, roles and responsibilities so

subordinates know exactly what is expected of them and what rewards they will get for following orders

Disciplinary action for not following ordersNegotiates a contract in which subordinates get paid for their work

and the leader gets authority over subordinateEach subordinate is responsible for the work allocated to them and

will be disciplined should they fail to do the work expected of themAim is to get the work done to reach organizational goals

• Servant leadershipFocus more on followers than on the leadersArgues that most effective leaders are servants of their followersPay attention to followers and their needs and places emphasis on

teamwork, trust, empathy and ethicsServant leader leads from a desire to better serve others and not to

get more powerTheory is that leaders focus on the needs of followers and empower

and inspire them and they will respond with increased teamwork and better performance

Characteristics: listening, empathy, healing relationships, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to human resource development and building community.

PERSONAL ATTITUDE IN SUCCESS AND LEADERSHIP

• Attitude is a way of thingking or feeling and shows in an individuals behavior.

• Determines how we live and whether we are successful or not

• Success in leadership will depend on our own personal attitude, which we choose and can control

• By approaching everything with a positive attitude, it will improve your personal leadership.

POSITIVE ATTITUDES WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR SUCCESSFUL

LEADERSHIP:• Enthusiasm

Energetic interest, confident and wholehearted actionEager and passionate involvement in activitiesRegardless of how well or badly things are going, leaders must always have a positive attitude.

• Believing In order to be passionate and enthusiastic, you have to believe in yourself as a leaderOnly a deep belief will give you the energy and motivation to achieve successKnowing you can achieve what you set out to achieve

• Desire and driveDesire is the strong feeling of wanting somethingDrive is the determination and ambition to achieve somethingDesire creates excellence and opportunities to achieve something betterLeaders with desire and drive push themselves every day and try to do more and to do betterDesire is an attitude that separates average leaders from outstanding leaders

• Courage and persistence Successful leaders never give up when faced with difficulties or problemsCourage is the strength to take on challenges and the abibility to do it right, even when it is difficultPersistence is the dedication and commitment to overcome obstacles and complete important tasksPersistent leaders have patience