malxaz mayasvili revaz qutelia ia gigiberia manana...

sabunebismetyvelo

mecnierebebis7

malxaz mayaSvili revaz quTelia ia gigiberia manana boWoriSvili

safuZvlebi

7

malxaz mayaSvili revaz quTelia ia gigiberia manana boWoriSvili

maswavleblis wigni

sarCevi

1. Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................5

2. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis swavlebis mizani da amocanebi .........................7

3. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi standarti VII klasi ....................8

4. saaTebis ganawilebis savaraudo sqema ..........................................................................13

5. miznebis ruka – gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis 6. rekomendaciebi ...................................................................................................................21

• rekomendaciebi Temaze – Sefaseba ........................................................................21

• Sefasebis tipebi ........................................................................................................22

• kognituri sqemebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi .........................................27

• rekomendaciebi - rogor movamzadoT proeqti .................................................30

• proeqtis Sefaseba ......................................................................................................31

• informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba swavlebaSi da misi saswavlo- meToduri uzrunvelyofa ...................................................................32

• blogis gamoyeneba swavlaSi ....................................................................................33

• blogis gamoyeneba ......................................................................................................33

• ra aris blogi? ............................................................................................................33

7. gakveTilis scenarebi .........................................................................................................34

• Sesavali .........................................................................................................................34

• scenarebi fizikaSi.....................................................................................................44

• scenarebi qimiaSi ........................................................................................................50

• scenarebi biologiaSi ...............................................................................................54

8. Semajamebeli testebi ........................................................................................................60

• fizika ............................................................................................................................60

• qimia ................................................................................................................................62

• biologia .......................................................................................................................64

• testis pasuxebi ...........................................................................................................66

9. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis pasuxebi ................................................67

• Sesavali .........................................................................................................................67

• fizika ............................................................................................................................69

• qimia ................................................................................................................................71

• biologia .......................................................................................................................74

gamoyenebuli literatura ..................................................................................................82

5

1. Sesavali

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebisas, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba Semecnebis procesSi moswavlis aqtiurad CarTvas. Ees moswavles saSualebas miscems, miRebuli codna da SeZenili unar-Cvevebi konkretul situacias miusadagos, praqtikulad gamoiyenos da gadaWras mis winaSe mdgomi problema. am miznis misaRwevad saWiro codnis miReba da unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba swav-lebis procesis gardaqmnas moiTxovs.

siaxle, sxva mraval aspeqtTa Soris, gulisxmobs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis gan-viTarebaze. Tu aqamde praqtikuli muSaobis dros moswavle, ZiriTadad, damkvirveblis rolSi gamodioda, xolo Semsrulebeli maswavlebeli iyo, axla TiToeulma moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikulad muSaoba, kvlevis Catareba, misi Sedegis aRricxva da gaanalizeba, saTanado daskvnis gamotana.

praqtikuli samuSaoebis Catareba, keTebiT swavleba saTanado materialuri baza skolebis umravleso-bas aqvs rac skolebSi sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis donis amaRlebis da am sagnebiT moswavleTa dainteresebis garantiaa.

VII klasis moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo Sedgenilia axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT da misi struqtura aseTia:

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelos struqtura

I nawiliSesavali

II nawilifizika

III nawiliqimia

IV nawilibiologia

gakveTili struqturulad Semdegi nawilebisagan Sedgeba:

70

moaxerxebdi Tu vera Saqris naxSirad gardaqmnas misi daqucmacebis gareSe? gaxurebis gareSe?daakvirdi suraTs (sur. 1) da gaixsene pirvel gakveTilSi Catarebuli cda.

Q23. qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da pirobebi

nivTierebebi, arc garegnulad hgvanan erTmaneTs da, arc TvisebebiT. qimiuri reaqciebis mimdinareobas davakvirdeT sxva magaliTebiTac.Tu sinjaraSi, Caasxam kirian wyals, CauSveb minis mils da Caberav amonasunTq haers (naxSirorJangs), xsnari aimRvreva. warmoiqmneba naleqi.magniumis lenti TvalismomWreli naTebiT iwvis (sur. 2). gogirdis wvis Sedegad ki mZafri sunis airi gamoiyofa.nivTierebis feris da sunis cvlileba, naleqis an airis warmoqmna, siTbos an sinaTlis gamoyofa, qimiuri reaqciis garegnuli niSnebia. Tu movlenas es niSnebi Tan axlavs, masSasadame, qimiuri gardaqmna – qimiuri reaqcia mimdinareobs.qimiuri reaqciis dasawyebad, saWiroa garkveuli pirobebis Seqmna: nivTierebebis erTmaneTTan Sereva, gaxureba da sxva. magaliTad, zogierTi reaqciisaTvis saWiroa uwyveti gaxureba. gaxurebis SewyvetisTanave, qimiuri reaqcia Sewydeba (sur. 3).

natriumi – movercxlisfro TeTri liToni, advilad iWreba daniT

natriumis hidroqsidi – TeTri feris, sapnisebri da metad mwvave*

sur. 1.

sur. 2. magniums xSirad iyene-ben sasignalo maSxalebis dasamzadeblad, radgan misi wvis dros warmoqmnili naTeba Soridanve Cans.

marcxena mxares rbili liToni – natriumia, marjvniv ki natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis Sedegad warmoqmnili nivTiereba – natriumis hidroqsidi. am qimiur reaqcias airisa da siTbos gamoyofa axlda Tan.

* moqmedebs kanze (awylulebs), qsovilebze, qaRaldsa da sxva masalebze.

sur. 3. puris cxobisas haer-RumelSi cecxli rom Caqres, qimiuri reaqcia Sewydeba.

71

2qimiuri reaqcia

zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki qimiur reaqcias aRZravs naperwkali. is TiTqos biZgs aZlevs reaqcias, romelic Semdeg TavisTavad mimdinareobs. magaliTad, bunebrivi airi ar iwvis, vidre masTan anTebul asanTs ar mivitanT. cecxlis miwodeba am reaqciis dawyebis aucilebeli pirobaa. saukuneTa manZilze, adamianebma iswavles qimiuri reaqciebis marTva, reaqciis mimdinareobis pirobebis SecvliT, sasurveli procesebis daCqareba an Seneleba. magaliTad, wvis procesis dasaCqareblad SeSas nafotebad aqucmaceben, Jangvis procesis Sesaneleblad ki liTonis nakeTobebs damcavi safariT – laqiT, saRebaviT Rebaven.

qimiuri reaqciis mimdinareobis pirobebia:nivTierebebis Sereva; gaxureba da sxva.

qimiuri reaqciis garegnuli niSnebia

feris, sunis cvlileba naleqis, airis warmoqmna siTbos, sinaTlis gamoyofa

u savarjiSo

1. amoarCie swori pasuxi. qimiuri movlenis niSnebia:a) formis Secvla; b) siTbos gamoyofa; g) agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla; d) naleqis warmoqmna.

2. romeli gamonaTqvami migvaniSnebs qimiur reaqciebze: a) sarecxi gaSra; b) foToli Camovarda; g) rZisgan mawoni Sededda.

3. daasabuTe, rom namcxvris gamocxobis procesi fizikuri da qimiuri procesis erTobliobaa.

4. Camowere, romeli fizikuri da qimiuri movlena ginaxavs cxovrebaSi. aRniSne, ra pirobebSi mimdinareobs movlena da romeli garegnuli niSniT asabuTeb, rom is fizikuria an qimiuri. dakvirvebis monacemebi warmoadgine cxrilis saxiT.

movlena mimdinareobis

piroba

Ggaregnuli

niSani

daasabuTe, rom movlena

fizikuria an qimiuri

... ... ... ...

u amgvarad:

gakveTilis saTauri Temis saTauri

ZiriTadi teqsti

ilustraciebi teqstis ukeT aRsaqmelad

teqstis Semajamebeli

konceptualuri ruka an daskvna

savarjiSoebi (ilustraciebiT, cxrilebiT, diagramebiT da a. S.) samizne unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli

6

rac Seexeba savarjiSoebs is ori saxisaa:

pirveli meore

savarjiSoebi, romlebic im codnis ganmtkicebas da gaaqti-urebas emsaxureba rac moswavlis wignSi iswavla moswavlem. Ees savarjiSoebi maswavlebels saWiroebisamebr SeuZlia gamoiy-enos saklaso da/an saSinao davalebebad.

mocemuli laboratoriuli samuSaoebi Tematu-rad Seesabameba fizikas, qimias, biologias. isini kvleviTi unarebis ganviTarebazea orientire-buli.

SeniSvna – biologiis nawilSi savarjiSoebis mravalferovneba imiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom fizikis da qimiis nawilSi SeZenili codnis da unarebis transferi intensiurad xdeba.

moswavlis wigns Tan axlavs rveuli, romelSi mocemuli mravalferovani laboratoriuli samuSaoebi daexmareba moswavles Caataros kvleviTi aqtivobebi da gaaanalizos kvlevis Sedegi. rveulSi mocemuli mravalferovani ilustraciebi, detalurad aRwerili cdebi, diagramebi, cxrilebi da a. S. fizikis, qimiisa da biologiis swavlebis process ufro sainteresos da saxalisos gaxdis.

moswavlis rveuli struqturulad Semdegi nawilebisagan Sedgeba:

22

1

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas:

icvleba Tu ara nivTiereba – Saqari (Saqris Tvisebebi), Tu mas gavaxurebT.

kvlevis masala da xelsawyoebi:

Saqris kristalebi, spirtqura, Stativi, sinjara,kovzi, asanTi.

procedura:

1. daakvirdi Saqris kristalebs da monacemebi Seitane cxrilSi;

2. Saqris danarCeni kristalebi moaTavse sinjaraSi.sinjara daamagre Stativze da spirtquris gamoyenebiT gaaxure, vidre ar gadneba da fers ar Seicvlis. miRebul masas daakvirdi da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi.

Saqris kristalebi

12. nivTierebis Tvisebebis cvlileba

N Ddakvirvebis obieqti feri suni gemo wyalSi xsnadoba

1 Saqris kristalebi

2 Saqris Ddawvis Sedegad miRebuli masa

gaanalize cxrilis mixedviT cdis monacemebi da upasuxe:

• Seicvleba nivTiereba Saqari gaxurebis Semdeg?

• SegiZlia Tu ara cxrilSi mocemuli monacemebi Seni pasuxis argumentebad gamoiyeno?

• Saqris gaxureba fizikuri movlenaa Tu qimiuri?

gaaanalize orive (wina da mimdinare) kvlevis Sedegi da gaakeTe daskvna: ra SemTxvevaSi gqonda saqme fizikur movlenasTan, da ra SemTxvevaSi - qimiur movlenasTan.

fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi

23

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas:

ra niSnebi SesaZlebelia axldes qimiur reaqcias.

kvlevis masala da xelsawyoebi:

Wiqebi, wyali, rZe, limoni, soda, Zmari, asanTi, kartofilis fqvili, iodi, minis wkiri, kovzi.

procedura:

1. erTi kovzi kartofilis fqvili gaxseni erT Wiqa wyalSi. Ddaamate ramdenime wveTi iodi. daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi;

2. dawvi asanTis Reri. daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi;

3. wylian WiqaSi cotaodeni saWmeli soda Cayare da ramdenime wveTi Zmari daamate; daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi;

4. erT Wiqa rZeSi Caasxi cotaodeni limonis wveni. daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi.

iodi

Zmari

wyali

13. qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi

N procesi feris cvlileba

sinaTlis cvlileba

sunis gamoyofa

naleqis warmoqmna

Aairis gamoyofa

Aar axlavs niSani

1 kartofilis

fqvilis

wyalxsnarze

iodis

moqmedeba

2 asanTis

Reris dawva

3 sodiani

wylis

ZmarTan

Sereva

4 rZis Sereva

limonis

wvenTan

qimiuri reaqcia 2

saTauri saWiro masalis CamonaTvali

cdis mimdinareobis detaluri axsna

cxrili cdis Sedegebis aRricxvisTvis

ilustraciebi samuSaos ukeT aRsaqmelad

samizne unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli savarjiSoebi

moswavlis CanawerebisTvis gamoyofili adgili

Temis saTauri

maswavleblis wigni – erTgvari gzamkvlevia, romelic Semdegi struqturuli nawilebisagan Sedgeba:1. Sesavali2. swavlebis miznebi da amocanebi3. VII klasi sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi standarti 4. saaTobrivi ganawileba5. miznebis ruka- gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisoba standartTan6. zogadi rekomendacia –rogor vawarmooT Sefaseba7. zogadi rekomendacia- ra mniSvneloba aqvs kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebas saswavlo procesSi8. gakveTilis scenarebi: Sesavali, Ffizika, qimia, biologia 9. Semajamebeli testebi pasuxebiT 10. savarjiSoebis pasuxebi11. Ggamoyenebuli literatura

7

2. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis swavlebis mizani da amocanebi

mizani: sabunebismetyvelo disciplinebis swavlebis mizania aziaros moswavle sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis

safuZvlebs da ganuviTaros kvlevis unar-Cvevebi, rac mas saSualebas miscems Seicnos da gaiTavisos samyaro, CaerTos sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferoSi, igrZnos pasuxismgebloba sakuTari Tavis, sazogadoebisa da garemos mimarT.

amocanebi:codna:• cocxali samyaro da sasicocxlo procesebi;• samyaroSi mimdinare fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi;• dedamiwa da garesamyaro; • garemos mdgradi ganviTarebis principebi.

mecnieruli kvlevis unar-Cvevebi:• dakvirveba, aRwera;• kvlevis sagnis gansazRvra;• kvlevis etapebis gansazRvra;• aRricxva;• klasifikacia;• gazomva;• komunikacia; • monacemebis interpretacia;• ganWvreta/hipoTezis gamoTqma;• cdis dagegmva;• cdis Catareba;• monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba;• modelis Seqmna da gamoyeneba.

damokidebuleba:• interesi sabunebismetyvelo disciplinebis mimarT;• sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba;• interesi mecnieruli kvlevisa da siaxleebis mimarT;• TanamSromlobis survili;• garemoze zrunva da pasuxismgebloba;• usafrTxo cxovrebis wesis dacvis mniSvnelobis gaazreba.

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavleba sxvadasxva safexurze sabazo safexuri (VII- IXklasebi)

swavlebis am safexurze moswavles kidev ufro metad uviTardeba SemecnebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi. is movlenebis garegnuli aRweridan gadadis movlenaTa arsis wvdomaze, Seimecnebs ZiriTad fizikur, qimiur kanonebs da biologiur kanon-zomierebebs. moswavle iwyebs empiriuli gziT samyaros aRqmas, Semoqmedebi-Tad azrovnebas, cdilobs samyaroSi adamianis adgilisa da mniSvnelobis gansazRvras.

sabazo safexurze moswavle iviTarebs specifikur unar-Cvevebs, romelTagan prioritetulia:• kvlevis zogierTi Tanamedrove meTodis gamoyeneba;• samecniero literaturis moZieba da gamoyeneba;• eqsperimentis dagegmva da warmarTva, monacemTa Segroveba-damuSaveba; • kritikuli analizi, daskvnebis gamotana;• prezentacia (grafikebis, diagramebis, modelis Seqmna).

8

3. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebistandarti

VII klasi

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT:

mecnierulikvleva - Zieba

cocxali samyaro fizikuri movlenebi

qimiuri movlenebi

bun.VII.1. moswavles SeuZlia gansazRvros kvlevis sagani da kvlevis etapebi.

bun.VII.2. moswavles SeuZlia kvleviTi proceduris ganx-orcieleba/ monacemebis aRricxva.

bun.VII.3. moswavles Seu-Zlia monacemTa warmodgena sxvadasxva sakomunikacio saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

bun.VII.4. moswavles Seu-Zlia monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba.

bun.VII.5.moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc orga-nizmis agebulebisa da ganviTa-rebis erTeulze.

bun.VII.6. moswavles SeuZlia daaxa-siaTos cxovelTa da mcenareTa sasicocxlo cikli da daasabuTos gamravlebis biologiuri mniSvn-eloba.

bun.VII.7. moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos kla-sifikaciis. principi da imsjelos sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavse-ba gansxvavebaze.

bun.VII.8.moswavles SeuZlia nivTierebis atomur-molekuluri struqturis aRwera.

bun.VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia advilad dakvirvebadi Zalebis da maTi moqmedebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.

bun.VII.10. moswavles SeuZlia wnevis daxa-siaTeba.

bun.VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia martivi qimiuri reaqciebis aRwera.

bun.VII.12. moswavles SeuZlia fuZeebisa da mJavebis gansxvaveba maTi Tvisebebis mixed-viT.

bun.VII.13. moswavles SeuZlia xsnarebis Taviseburebebis Ses-axeb msjeloba.

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi:mimarTuleba: mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba

bun.VII.1.moswavles SeuZlia gansazRvros kvlevis sagani da kvlevis etapebi. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • ayalibebs kvlevis mizans;• gamoTqvams mosazrebas/varauds;• arCevs monacemebis mopovebis gzebs (mag., cdiT, savele samuSaos CatarebiT, gamokiTxviT, sakiTxis

irgvliv literaturis moZiebiT);• ganarCevs mudmiv da cvlad (damokidebul, damoukidebel) parametrebs; • gansazRvravs kvleviTi aqtivobebis Tanmimdevrobas;• arCevs saTanado xelsawyoebs/ aRWurvilobas/instrumentebs;• arCevs monacemebis aRricxvis formebs (cxrilebi, grafikebi, siebi, fotoebi, Canawerebi).

bun.VII.2.moswavles SeuZlia kvleviTi proceduris ganxorcieleba/ monacemebis aRricxva.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;• awarmoebs dakvirvebas an /da gazomvebs, aRricxavs monacemebs;• akvirdeba, zomavs, iyenebs informaciul-sakomunikacio saSualebebs monacemebis saTanado sizustiT

registrirebisTvis (mag., cvladebis mniSvnelobebis aRricxva qronologiurad);• iyenebs saTanado wesebs sakuTari da sxvaTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad.

bun.VII.3.moswavles SeuZlia monacemTa warmodgena sxvadasxva sakomunikacio saSualebis gamoyenebiT.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:• iyenebs sxvadasxva xerxs (diagramebs, cxrilebs, grafikebs, siebs) monacemTa warmosadgenad; • iyenebs sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebs Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis war-

mosadgenad.

bun.VII.4.moswavles SeuZlia monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • iyenebs diagramebs, cxrilebs da grafikebs monacemebs an cvladebs Soris damokidebulebis aRsawerad;

9

• aanalizebs monacemebs da gamoitans daskvnebs; • adarebs daskvnebs gamoTqmul varauds;• ganixilavs dakvirvebisa da gazomvebis dros gamovlenil moulodnelobebs, cdilobs maT axsnas.

mimarTuleba: cocxali samyaro

bun.VII.5.moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis agebulebisa da ganviTarebis erTeulze.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:• msjelobs ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul

erTeulze; • moipovebs informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis formis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb (erT- da mra-

valujredian organizmebSi) da akavSirebs ujredis formas mis funqciasTan;• amzadebs droebiT preparats, iyenebs sinaTlis mikroskops sxvadasxva dakvirvebisaTvis, Sedegebs

warmoadgens naxatis da/an modelis saxiT, afasebs sakuTari namuSevris Zlier da sust mxareebs;• mikroskopul preparatSi an mis eleqtronul formatze amoicnobs da iTvlis ujredis sxvadasxva

struqturas (mag., birTvebis, birTvakebis, qloroplastebis raodenobas), Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT;

• ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze ganarCevs prokariotul da eukariotul (mcenareuli, cxoveluri, sokos) ujredebs, asaxelebs maT msgavs da ganmasxvavebel struqturebs, Sedegebs gamosaxavs venis diagramis saSualebiT;

• ilustraciaze amoicnobs ujredis ZiriTad struqturul komponentebs da asaxelebs maT funqcias;• sxvadasxva saSualebiT (mag., sqema) gamosaxavs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebs (ujredi, qsovili,

organo, organizmi) da msjelobs maT Sesaxeb.

bun.VII.6.moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos cxovelTa da mcenareTa sasicocxlo cikli da daasabuTos gamravlebis biologiuri mniSvneloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:• amoicnobs (mikroskopul preparatSi, posterze an eleqtronul formatze) da aRwers cxovelebisa da

mcenareebis sasqeso ujredebs;• agrovebs informacias mcenaris, cxovelis usqeso da sqesobrivi gamravlebis mravalferovnebis

Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs gamravlebis formebs (mag., vegetatiuri, TesliT, dakvirtviT, zoosporebiT); • adarebs erTmaneTs sqesobrivi gamravlebis formebs (mag., gamravleba kvercxiT - qvewarmavali, frinve-

li; cocxalmSobiarobiT - ZuZumwovrebi), msjelobs maT Soris msgavseba - gansxvavebaze da mohyavs Ses-abamisi magaliTebi;

• msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelo-baze;

• moipovebs informacias da adarebs sxvadasxva organizmis sasicocxlo ciklis xangrZlivobas da eta-pebs (mag., erTwlovani da mravalwlovani mcenareebi, mwerebi, amfibiebi);

• mohyavs zogierTi individis sasicocxlo ciklis garemosTan Seguebis magaliTebi (mag., kvercxismde-beli da ”cocxalmSobiare” qvewarmavali).

bun.VII.7.moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos klasifikaciis

principi da imsjelos sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebaze.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:• warmoadgens organizmTa erTi da imave simravlis dajgufebis ramdenime gzas, mis mier SerCeuli kri-

teriumebis mixedviT. xsnis ama Tu im jgufis gamoyofis mizezs, akeTebs prezentacias;• moipovebs informacias erTi da imave saxeobis individebSi ama Tu im organos variaciaze (mag., mcenaris

foTlis sigrZe an sigane, nayofis masa), adarebs maT erTmaneTs da msjelobs variaciebis mravalferovne-baze;

• asaxelebs organizmebis jgufebad (sokoebi, wyalmcenareebi, xavsebi, gvimrebi, yvavilovani mcenareebi) dayofis mTavar kriteriumebs;

• moipovebs masalas adgilobriv garemoSi mcenareTa da cxovelTa mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb da anawi-lebs Sesabamis taqsonomiur erTeulebSi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT (mag., naZvi, fiWvi, cacxvi - mcenareTa samefo, Sesabamisad SiSvel an farulTeslovani);

• bunebaSi gasvlisas amoicnobs organizmebs savele sarkvevebis/saTanado literaturis daxmarebiT;• moipovebs informacias da aRwers cocxali samyaros samefoebs, adgens martiv genealogiur xes da

10

warmoadgens sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebiT (mag., sqema, naxati);• msjelobs adamianebisaTvis mikroorganizmebis dadebiT da uaryofiT mniSvnelobaze (mag., sakvebi

produqtebis warmoeba da maTi gafuWeba/lpoba, wylis dabinZureba da gasufTaveba, kompostis warmoqmna, daavadebis gamowveva);

mimarTuleba: fizikuri movlenebi

bun.VII.8.moswavles SeuZlia nivTierebis atomur-molekuluri struqturis aRwera.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • aRwers movlenebs, romlebic mianiSnebs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebas;• ganasxvavebs myar, Txevad da airad mdgomareobebs maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCu-

neba) da atomur-molekuluri struqturis mixedviT, warmoadgens modelis saxiT;• akavSirebs nivTierebis simkvrives mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan;• atarebs cdebs da ikvlevs difuziis movlenas siTxeebSi, gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs;• ikvlevs temperaturis gavlenas difuziis siCqareze, gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs;• akvirdeba difuziis movlenas da msjelobs misi rolis Sesaxeb bunebaSi da yofa - cxovrebaSi, asax-

elebs magaliTebs;• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad.

bun.VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia advilad dakvirvebadi Zalebis da maTi moqmedebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb msj-eloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • CamoTvlis moZraobis magaliTebs, romlebic gamowveulia sxeulze uSualo (mag., moqaCva an biZgi) da

arauSualo (mag., dedamiwis miziduloba, magnitebis urTierTqmedeba) moqmedebiT;• CamoTvlis sxeulebs Soris urTierTqmedebis damadasturebel magaliTebs;• ganmartavs veqtors da veqtorul fizikur sidides. Zalebis magaliTze ganixilavs erTi wrfis gaswvriv

mimarTuli veqtorebis Sekrebas; • CamoTvlis bunebaSi arsebuli Zalebis gamovlinebis magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da sau-

brobs maT mniSvnelobaze;• atarebs cdebs sxvadasxva sxeulis moZraobaze dasakvirveblad, aRwers da sqematurad gamosaxavs masze

moqmed Zalebs (simZimis, xaxunis, drekadobis, amomgdebi Zalebi);• atarebs cdebs, gamoaqvs Sesabamisi daskvnebi da raodenobrivad ayalibebs hukis kanons; • cdebis saSualebiT akvirdeba sxeulTa tivtivs, curvas, CaZirvas. Sedegebs aanalizebs da raodeno-

brivad ayalibebs arqimedes kanons; • zomavs sxeulebis moculobasa da simkvrives arqimedes kanonis gamoyenebiT; • akavSirebs amomgdebi da winaaRmdegobis Zalebis moqmedebas organizmebis curvasTan; • konkretuli amocanis gadasawyvetad (mag., xaxunis Zalis gazrda an Semcireba, amomgdebi Zalis Secvla)

qmnis da warmoadgens SesaZlo sqemas an models;• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs, kanonebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad.

bun.VII.10. moswavles SeuZlia wnevis daxasiaTeba. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • atarebs cdebs sxeulTa mier warmoebul wnevaze dasakvirveblad, monacemebs aanalizebs da gamoitans

Sesabamis daskvnebs;• qmnis models da praqtikuli amocanebis gadasaWrelad msjelobs sxeulis mier warmoebuli wnevis

Semcirebis an gazrdis aucileblobaze, CamoTvlis magaliTebs;• atarebs cdebs (qmnis modelebs) da akvirdeba siTxeebsa da airebSi wnevis ganawilebas. dakvirvebis

Sedegebs aanalizebs da gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs;• CamoTvlis paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebs teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan;• amzadebs martiv models da xsnis ziarWurWlis moqmedebis princips; • atarebs cdebs atmosferuli wnevis moqmedebis gamosavlenad, aanalizebs da gamoitans Sesabamis

daskvnebs;• msjelobs wnevis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb organizmis garemosTan SeguebulobaSi;• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs, kanonebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad.

11

mimarTuleba: qimiuri movlenebi

bun.VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia martivi qimiuri reaqciebis aRwera.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • cdis procesSi akvirdeba fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis garegnul niSnebs, monacemebs warmoadgens

cxrilis saxiT da msjelobs maT (fizikur da qimiur movlenebs) Soris gansxvavebis Sesaxeb;• cdebis safuZvelze msjelobs fizikuri movlenebis (mag., nivTierebaTa wyalSi gaxsna, formis Secvla,

agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla) dros masis ucvlelobis Sesaxeb. gamoitans saTanado daskvnas;• atarebs cdebs nivTierebebis fizikuri da qimiuri cvlilebebis (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis

Secvla, formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamoyofa, feris Secvla) gamosakvlevad da msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);

• atarebs cdebs da akvirdeba qimiuri reaqciebis Sedegad axali nivTierebebis warmoqmnas;• ikvlevs mJavaTa monawileobiT mimdinare martiv reaqciebs, romelTa erT-erTi produqti gazia;• CamoTvlis wvisa da Jangvis magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da msjelobs maT xelSemwyob faq-

torebze; ikvlevs haeris rols sanTlis wvis procesSi;• aRwers wvas, rogorc qimiur reaqcias, romelSic monawileobs gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali

da naxSirorJangi;• atarebs da aRwers “cisartyelas reaqcias” (sarecxi sodis, natriumis karbonatis xsnarze marilmJavasa

da universaluri indikatoris moqmedeba);• iyenebs Sesabamis terminologias, CamoTvlis da aRwers fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis magaliTebs,

qimiur movlenebs gamosaxavs sqematurad/sityvierad (mag., naxSirbadi + Jangbadi = naxSirorJangi);• icavs qimiuri nivTierebebis ganTavsebis, maTTan muSaobis usafrTxoebis wesebs, amoicnobs gamafrTx-

ilebel niSnebs (mag., advilad aalebadi, feTqebadi, radioaqtiuri) qimiuri reaqtivis WurWlis etiketze.

bun.VII.12.moswavles SeuZlia fuZeebisa da mJavebis gansxvaveba maTi Tvisebebis mixedviT.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • asaxelebs laboratoriaSi arsebul mJavebsa da tuteebs (mag., marilmJava, natriumis tute); • asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi mJavebis gamoyenebis magaliTebs (mag., Zmari, limonmJava, xilis wveni,

wamlebi, sarecxi saSualebebi);• atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da fuZeebis gamoyenebiT, ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs;• iyenebs indikatorebsa da pH-is skalas fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRwers

xsnaris pHH-is cvlilebas neitralizaciis procesSi.

bun.VII.13.moswavles SeuZlia xsnarebis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: • atarebs cdebs da ganasxvavebs nivTierebebs wyalSi xsnadobis mixedviT; • gansazRvravs zogierTi narevis komponentebs, (mag., zRvis wyali Sedgeba wylisagan, romelSic gaxs-

nilia marili da sxva myari nivTiereba);• aRwers narevisgan komponentebis gamoyofis romelime xerxs (mag., distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensi-

reba, qromatografia). CamoTvlis wylis bunebrivi gafiltvris magaliTebs;• agrovebs informacias bunebrivi wylis dabinZurebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, gamoTqvams varauds wylis

dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis gzebze;• CamoTvlis xsnarebis magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb bunebasa da adamianis cxovre-

baSi;• cdebis safuZvelze adgens, rom xsnaris masa gamxsnelisa da gasaxsneli nivTierebebis masebis jamis

tolia (mag., Tu 5 g marils gaxsnian 200g wyalSi, miRebuli xsnaris masa iqneba 205 g);• ganasxvavebs da amzadebs ujer da najer xsnarebs;• gegmavs, atarebs cdas da adgens nivTierebaTa gaxsnis procesze moqmed faqtorebs (mag., temperatura,

gamxsnelisa da gaxsnili nivTierebis raoba da masa, nawilakTa zoma, moreva). Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT.

12

programis Sinaarsicocxali samyaro

ujredi ujredi – elementaruli cocxali sistema. ujredis ZiriTadi komponentebi: citoplazma da birTvi.

organoidebi (mag., plastidebi, qloroplastebi). plazmuri membrana da ujredis kedeli. prokariotuli da eukariotuli (mcenareuli, cxoveluri da sokos) ujredebi. mikroskopi – optikuri xelsawyo; mikros-kopze muSaobis principi. martivi mikroskopuli preparatebis (mag., mcenareuli masala, sisxli) damzadebis xerxebi. ujredis gayofa.

organizmTa gamravlebagamravleba – organizmTa ZiriTadi Tviseba, sicocxlis uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofis procesi. mcenarisa

da cxovelis gamravlebis formebi (usqeso da sqesobrivi) da sasicocxlo cikli (romelime konkretuli individis magaliTze). ganayofiereba cxovelebSi (sasqeso ujredebis agebuleba).

ganayofiereba yvavilovan mcenareebSi (gamartivebuli sqemiT). cxovelTa ganviTareba (gamartivebuli sqemiT ganviTarebis embrionuli da postembrionuli periodi).

klasifikaciacocxal organizmTa dajgufeba (klasifikacia) da taqsonomiur erTeulebSi gaerTianebis safuZvlebi.

virusebi (araujreduli formebi).monerebi (baqteriebi da cianobaqteriebi). protistebi (umartivesebi; erTujrediani da mravalujre-

diani wyalmcenareebi). sokoebi. mcenareebi (xavsnairebi; gvimranairebi; SiSvelTeslovnebi; farulTes-lovnebi). cxovelebi (nawlavRruianebi; Wiebi; moluskebi; fexsaxsrianebi; Tevzebi; amfibiebi; qvewarmavlebi; frinvelebi; ZuZumwovrebi). saqarTvelos wiTel nusxasa da wiTel wignSi Setanili zogierTi saxeobebi.

fizikuri movlenebinivTierebis atomur-molekuluri struqtura.airebis, siTxeebisa da myari sxeulebis Tvisebebi da atomur-molekuluri struqtura.difuzia. difuzia airebSi, siTxeebsa da myar sxeulebSi. temperaturis gavlena difuziaze.brounis moZraoba.masa, masis erTeuli.nivTierebis simkvrive, simkvrivis erTeuli.moculobis gazomva menzuris gamoyenebiT. masis gazomva sasworiT. sxeulTa urTierTqmedeba: uSualo (moqaCva, biZgi) da manZilze urTierTqmedeba (magnituri da gravi-

taciuli). Zala, rogorc veqtori. erTi wrfis gaswvriv moqmedi Zalebis Sekreba.dinamometri, Zalis gazomva, Zalis erTeuli-niutonisimZimis, xaxunis, drekadobis Zalebi, hukis kanoni. sixiste.xaxunis koeficienti.wneva. wnevis erTeuli. airis wneva. wneva siTxeebSi, paskalis kanoni. hidrostatikuri wneva. ziarWurWeli.

hidravlikuri manqana. atmosferuli wneva, toriCelis cda. barometri, manometri.amomgdebi Zala, arqimedes kanoni. sxeulTa tivtivi, curva, CaZirva.

qimiuri movlenebi fuZeebi, mJavebi da maTi gamoyeneba yofa-cxovrebaSi. mJavebisa da fuZeebis amocnoba da maTi Sedareba.

warmodgena neitralizaciis reaqciaze. neitralizaciis reaqciis mniSvneloba yofa-cxovrebaSi (saWmlis monelebis moSlis mkurnaloba, mJava wvima, niadagis movla da sxv.).

warmodgena qimiur reaqciaze. reaqcia mJavebsa da metalebs Soris. reaqcia mJavebsa da karbonatebs Soris. wva, haerze an JangbadSi nivTierebaTa wvis Sedegebi, nivTierebebis wvis pirobebi. wiaRiseuli saw-vavis wvis produqtebi. sanTlis wvis procesze dakvirveba.

myari nivTierebebis gaxsna siTxeSi. xsnaris komponentebi. bunebrivi narevebi. ujeri da najeri xsnarebi.

bunebaSi arsebuli marilebi. narevebis dayofa komponentebad: distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensireba, gafiltvra, warmodgena qromatografiaze.

13

4. saaTebis ganawilebis savaraudo sqema

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi VII klasi 108 sT

fizika qimia Bbiologia

33+3 33+3 33+3

moswavlis wignSi da rveulSi mocemuli gakveTilebis saaTobrivi ganawileba

moswavlis wignSi moswavlis rveulSi

fizika 14 gakveTils daeTmos 24sT 9sT

qimia 10 gakveTils daeTmos 20 sT 15sT

biologia 23 gakveTils daeTmos 27 sT 6sT

14

5. miznebis ruka – gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisoba standartTan

Sesavali

gakveTili gakveTilis saswavlo mizani standardTan Sesabamisoba

bunebismetyvelebis sagani, fizikuri sidideebi

moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dak-virvebisaas awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmiano-bebi, aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT.

bun.VII.1bun.VII.2

skalari da veqtori moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dak-virvebisaas awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmiano-bebi, aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT.

bun.VII.1bun.VII.2

bunebismetyvelebis laboratoriaSi arsebu-li zogierTi xelsawyo da muSaobis wesi

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos dakvirvebisaas rogor awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos monacemebi daicvas xlsawyoebis gamoyenebis da usafrTxoebis wesebi.

bun.VII.2bun.VII.3

usafrTxoebis dacva moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos Sesabamisi masalis, aRWur-vilobis da masalebis gamoyenebiT Caataros dagegmili cdebi usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT

bun.VII.1

rogor xdeba bunebrivi movlenebis Seswavla

.moswavlem SeZlos kvleviTi proceduris ganxorciele-ba/ monacemebis aRricxva. daakvirdes, gazomos, gamoiy-enos informaciul-sakomunikacio saSualebebi mona-cemebis saTanado sizustiT registrirebisTvis (mag., cvladebis mniSvnelobebis aRricxva qronologiurad);

bun.VII.2

monacemebis gamosaxva cxrilis da diagramebis saxiT

moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvle-vis miznis Sesabamisad mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivo-bis dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa Segrovebis gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parame-trebis garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva /wakiTxva/analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana

bun.VII.1bun.VII.4

venis diagrama moswavlem SeZlos monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba.gamoiyeneos diagramebi, cxrilebi da grafikebi monace-mebs an cvladebs Soris damokidebulebis aRsawerad

bun.VII.4

fizika

gakveTili gakveTilis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT

standartTTan Sesabamisoba

nivTiereba Sedge-ba atomebis da molekulebisagan

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebule-baze; ganixilos magaliTebi, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs, aRweros sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebi.ganuvi-Tardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.8

nivTierebis myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi

moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvavos myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) da atomur-molekuluri struqturis mixedviT ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunika-ciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.8

modelireba.. pro-eqti

moswavlem SeZlos Seqmnas da warmoadginos molekulis modelebi. ganu-viTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi

bun.VII.8

nivTierebis sim-kvrive; simkvrivis praqtikuli mniS-vneloba

moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi da for-mulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunika-ciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.8

15

difuzia moswavlem SeZlos praqtikul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT ganixilos difuziis movlena siTxeebSi, gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi;gaanalizos temperaturis gavlena difuziis siCqareze, gamoitanos Ses-abamisi daskvnebi;daakvirdes difuziis movlenas da imsjelos misi rolis Sesaxeb bune-baSi da yofa - cxovrebaSi, daasaxelos magaliTebi. ganuviTardes saaz-rovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.8

Zala da misi gazomva

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvalos moZraobis magaliTebi, romlebic gamowveulia sxeulze uSualo (mag., moqaCva an biZgi) da arauSualo (mag., dedamiwis miziduloba, magnitebis urTierTqmedeba) moqmedebiT; ganmartos veqtors da veqtorul fizikuri sidide. Zalebis magaliTze ganixilos erTi wrfis gaswvriv mimarTuli veqtorebis Sekreba. ganuvi-Tardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.9

simZimis da xaxunis Zala

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlis bunebaSi arsebuli Zalebis gamovlinebis magaliTebi/ yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan/ da saubrobs maT mniSvnelo-baze;Caaataros cdebi sxvadasxva sxeulis moZraobaze dasakvirveblad, aRwe-ros da sqematurad gamosaxos masze moqmedi Zalebi (simZimis, xaxunis, drekadobis, amomgdebi Zalebi); ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.9

drekadobis Zala; hukis kanoni

moswavlem SeZlos Caataros cdebi, gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi da raodenobrivad Camoayalibos hukis kanoni. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.9

wneva; wnevis gadacema

moswavlem SeZlos awarmoos sxeulTa mier warmoebul wnevaze dakvirve-ba, monacemebi gaanalizos da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvna. adekvatu-rad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.10

paskalis kanoni moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlis paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebi teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunika-ciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.10

wneva siTxeebSi. ziarWurWeli

moswavlem SeZlos daamzados martivi modeli da axsnas ziarWurW-lis moqmedebis principi; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi, kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saaz-rovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.10

paskalis kanoni praqtikaSi

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvalos paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebi teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi, kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuvi-Tardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.10

siTxisa da airis moqmedeba maTSi CaZirul sxeule-bze. Atmosferuli wneva

moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos atmosferuli wnevis moqmedebis magaliTe-bi; gaanalizos da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi; imsjelos wnevis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb organizmis garemosTan SeguebulobaSi; ganuvi-Tardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.9

arqimedes kanoni. sxeulebis curva

moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos magaliTebi: sxeulTa tivtivis, curvis, CaZirvis da Sedegebi gaanalizos da raodenobrivad Camoayalibos arqi-medes kanoni gazomavs sxeulebis moculobasa da simkvrives arqimedes kanonis gamoyenebiT; akavSirebs amomgdebi da winaaRmdegobis Zalebis moqmedebas organizmebis curvasTan; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komuni-kaciis unar-Cvevebi.

bun.VII.9

16

moswavlis rveuli (fizikis nawili)

gakveTili cdis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT


dakvirveba molekulebs Soris moqmed mizidvis da ganzidvis Zalebze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ra bunebisaa sxvadasxva nivTierebebis molekulebs Soris moqmedi Zalebi

bun.VII.8

dakvirveba airebSi difuziis procesze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas – ra taviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba difuzia airebSi da siTxeebSi?

bun.VII.8

dakvirveba magnitur Zalazekvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogor moqmedebs magnituri Zala sxvadasxva sxeulebze?

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba xaxunis Zalaze kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ra da ra faqtorebzea damokidebuli xaxunis Zala?

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba drekadobis Zalazekvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogoria gareSe Zalisa da deformaciis sididis damokidebuleba.

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba wnevazekvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogoraa damokidebuli wneva sayrden farTobze.

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba atmosferul wnevaze `Zunwi boTli”

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogor moqmedebs atmosferuli wneva siTxis zedapirze.

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba atmosferul wnevaze `saSineli xeli~

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogor moqmedebs daxurul WurWelSi narCeni atmosf-eruli wneva.

bun.VII.9

dakvirveba siTxeSi CaZirul sxeulze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ras udris siTxeSi CaZirul sxeulze moqmedi amomgdebi Zala?

bun.VII.9

17

qimia moswavlis wigni



qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili

moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyve-lo mecniereba; imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze

bun.VII.11.

movlenebi

moswavlem imsjelos fizikuri movlenebis (mag., nivTierebaTa wyalSi gaxsna, formis Secvla, agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla) Sesaxeb. gamoitanos saTanado daskvna; praqtikuli magaliTebis safuZvelze imsjelos nivTierebebis fizikuri da qimiuri cvlilebebi (mag., agregatuli mdgomare-obis Secvla, formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamo-yofa, feris Secvla) msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mize-zebze (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);

bun.VII.11.

qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da pirobebi

moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis garegnuli niSnebi, (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla, formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamoyofa, feris Secvla) gaanalizos am cvlilebebis gamomwvevi mizezebi (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);

bun.VII.11.

wva da Jangva

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlos wvisa da Jangvis magaliTebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da imsjelos maT xelSemwyob faq-torebze; gamoikvlios haeris roli sanTlis wvis procesSi; aRweros wva, rogorc qimiur reaqcia, romelSic monawileobs gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali da naxSirorJangi;

bun.VII.11.

nivTierebis masis mudmivo-bis kanoni

moswavlem SeZlos gamoiyenos Sesabamisi terminologia, CamoTvlios da aRweros fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis mag-aliTebi, qimiuri movlenebi gamosaxos sqematurad/sityvierad (mag.,wyali = Jangbadi + wyalbadi; naxSirbadi + Jangbadi = naxSirorJangi); gaanalizos, rom masis mudmivobis kanoni samarTliania nebismieri qimiuri reaqciisaTvis

bun.VII.11.

wylis mniSvneloba sicocx-lisaTvis

moswavles SeuZlia aRweros narevisgan komponentebis gamoyo-fis romelime xerxi (mag., distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensi-reba, qromatografia). CamoTvlos wylis bunebrivi gafilt-vris magaliTebi;

bun.VII.13

xsnarebi

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos xsnarebze -ra aris xsnari, rogor miiReba xsnari, rogori saxisaa xsnarebi; CamoTvlos xsnarebis magaliTebi da imsjelos xsnarebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb bune-basa da adamianis cxovrebaSi; aanalizebs, rom xsnaris masa gamxsnelisa da gasaxsneli nivTierebebis masebis jamis tolia (mag., Tu 5 g marils gaxsnian 200g wyalSi, miRebuli xsnaris masa iqneba 205 g);

bun.VII.13

xsnadoba

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos xsnarebze; ganmartos ra aris najeri da ujeri xsnarebi, axsnas aris xsnadoba da moiyvanos magaliTebi xsnadobaze rogor moqmedebs wneva da tempera-tura

bun.VII.13

mJava,fuZe da indikatori.

moswavles SeuZlia ganixilos yofa-cxovrebaSi mJavebis gamoy-enebis magaliTebi (mag., Zmari, limonmJava, xilis wveni, wamle-bi, sarecxi saSualebebi);flobs infirmacias indikatorebisa da pH-is skalis Sesaxeb - fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad;

bun.VII.12.

neitralizaciis reaqciamoswavles SeuZlia ganixilos mJavebsa da fuZeebs Soris mim-dinare neitralizaciis reaqcias. ganixilos sxvadasxva piro-bebSi pHHHH-is cvlilebaze orientirebuli reaqciebi

bun.VII.12

18

moswavlis rveuli (qimiis nawili)

gakveTili cdis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT


nivTierebis cvlileba moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedege-bze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna rom nivTierebis Serevas xan axlavs da xan ar axlavs xiluli niSnebi. iyenebs Sesabamis masa-las an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoe-bis wesebis dacviT;

bun.VII.11.

nivTierebis Tvisebebi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sede-gebze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom nivTiereba Saqarma Tvisebebi SeinarCuna. iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvi-lobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;

bun.VII.11.

nivTierebis Tvisebebis cvlileba

moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedege-bze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom Saqris dawva aris qimi-uri movlena. iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;

bun.VII.11.

Qqimiuri reaqciis niSnebi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedege-bze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom naTeba, feris cvlileba, sunis gamoyofa, airis gamoyofa, naleqis warmoqmna aris qimi-uri movlenis Tanmxlebi xiluli niSnebi da SeuZlia imsjelos am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);

bun.VII.11.

Jangbadi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sede-gebze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, haerSi aris Jangbadi, romelic xels uwyobs wvasa da Jangvas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuG5WTId-IY

bun.VII.11.

naxSirorJangi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sede-gebze dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom naxSirorJangi xels uSlis wvasiyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;

bun.VII.11.

sanTlis wva moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sede-gebze dayrdnobiT aRweros wva, rogorc qimiuri reaqcia, romelSic monawileobs gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali da naxSirorJangi

bun.VII.11.

axali nivTierebis miReba moswavlem Caataros cda da daakvirdes qimiuri reaqciebis Sedegad axali nivTierebebis warmoqmnas;

bun.VII.11.

masis mudmivobis kanoni iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;

bun.VII.11.

xsnari moswavlem Catarebuli cdis safuZvelze daaskvnas ra gziT SeiZleba marilis wyalxsnaridad gamoyos marili da cdis mona-cemebze dayrdnobiT daasabuTos xsn masebiiii

bun.VII.11.

gaxsnis procesze moqmedi faqtorebis gamokvleva

moswavlem Catarebuli cdebis da sakuTari gamocdilebis Sede-gebze dayrdnobiT aRweros nivTierebaTa gaxsnis procesze moqmedi faqtorebi (mag., temperatura, gamxsnelisa da gaxsnili nivTierebis raoba da masa, nawilakTa zoma, moreva). Sedegebi warmoadgenos cxrilis saxiT.

bun.VII.11.

bunebrivi nayenis indi-katoruli Tvisebebis gamokvleva

moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedege-bze dayrdnobiT aRweros indikatorebi da pH-is skala fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRweros xsnaris pH-is cvlileba neitralizaciis procesSi.

bun.VII.11.

PH skalis moswavlem SeZlos indikatorebisa da pH-is skalis fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRwers xsnaris pHH-is cvlilebas neitralizaciis procesSi.

bun.VII.11.

mJava wvimebi atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da fuZeebis gamoyenebiT, ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs;

bun.VII.11.

mJavis urTierTqmedeba kalciumis karbonatze

atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da marilebis gamoyenebiT, ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs;

bun.VII.11.

19

biologia B



erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis erTeulze; moipovos informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis formis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb (erT- da mravalujredian organizmebSi)

bun.VII.5

ujredi – qsovili – organo – organizmi

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos da sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamosaxos sicocxlis organizaciis doneebi: ujredi, qsovili, organo, organizmi

bun.VII.5

ujredi ganapirobebs orga-nizmis funqcias da ganviTa-rebas.

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organiz-mis struqturul, funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul erTeulze

bun.VII.5

mcenareuli ujredi mowavlem SeZlos mikrofotografiaze amoicnos da daTvalos ujredis struqturuli komponentebi; imsjelos ujredis struqturuli komponentebis funqciebze

bun.VII.5

sokos da cxoveluri ujredi

mowavlem SeZlos ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze ganarCios prokariotul da eukariotul (mcenareuli, cxove-luri, sokos) ujredebi, daasaxelos maT msgavs da ganmasxvave-beli struqturebi, Sedegebi gamosaxos venis diagramis saSu-alebiT;

bun.VII.5

umartivesebi da sxva protistebi

mowavlem SeZlos ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze ganarCios protistebi asaxelebs maT msgavs da ganmasxvavebel struqturebs, Sedegebs gamosaxavs sqemis diagramis saSuale-biT;

bun.VII.5

baqteriebi, arqebaqterie-bi, cianobaqteriebi

mowavlem SeZlos ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze ganarCios prokariotebi baqteriebi, arqebaqteriebi, ciano-baqteriebi aRweros da imsjelos maTze

bun.VII.5

samefoebi. araujreduli agebulebis organizmebi

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; Seadgi-nos martivi klasifikaciis sqema da es sqema gamoiyenos, rogorc sarkvevi.

bun.VII.7

ZuZumwovrebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxov-elTa samefo, ZuZumwovrebis klasi .. imsjelos maTze damaxasi-aTebeli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.6bun.VII.7

qvewarmavlebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxov-elTa samefo, qvewarmavlebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze damaxasi-aTebeli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.6bun.VII.7

frinvelebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxov-elTa samefo, frinvelebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze damaxasiaTe-beli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.6bun.VII.7

amfibiebis da Tevzebis klasi

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxov-elTa samefo, amfibiebis da Tevzebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.6bun.VII.7

uxerxemlo cxovelebi. fexsaxsrianebi

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; imsjelos fexsaxsrianebze /obobasnairebi, mwerebi, kibos-nairebi, sxva fexsaxsrianebi/ maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.7

sxva uxerxemlo cxovelebi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; imsjelos rbiltanianebze maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT

bun.VII.7

saxeoba moswavlem SeZlos daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mraval-ferovneba, gamoiyenos klasifikaciis principi da imsjelos sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebaze.

bun.VII.7

20

sqesobrivi da usqeso gam-ravleba

moswavlem SeZlos Seagrovos informacia mcenaris, cxovelis usqeso da sqesobrivi gamravlebis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb; Seadaros erTmaneTs gamravlebis formebi (mag., vegetatiuri, TesliT, dakvirtviT, zoosporebiT); adarebs erTmaneTs sqe-sobrivi gamravlebis formebs (mag., gamravleba kvercxiT - qve-warmavali, frinveli; cocxalmSobiarobiT - ZuZumwovrebi), msj-elobs maT Soris msgavseba - gansxvavebaze da mohyavs Sesabamisi magaliTebi;

bun.VII.7

sruli da arasruli metamorfozi

moswavlem SeZlos moipovebs informacias da adarebs sxvadasx-va organizmis sasicocxlo cikli mohyavs zogierTi individis sasicocxlo ciklis garemosTan Seguebis magaliTebi

bun.VII.6

protistebis, monerebis gamravleba. ujredis gayofa

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze

bun.VII.6

mcenareTa klasifikacia moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenareTa mravalferovnebis Ses-axeb da anawilebs maT Sesabamis taqsonomiur erTeulebSi dam-axasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT (mag., naZvi, fiWvi, cacxvi - mcena-reTa samefo, Sesabamisad SiSvel an farulTeslovani)

bun.VII.6

mcenareebis gamravleba moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenaris sqesobrivi gamravlebis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs sqesobrivi gam-ravlebis formebs; msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze

bun.VII.6

vegetaturi gamravleba moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenaris vegetatiuri gamravlebis Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs vegetatiuri gamravlebis formebs; msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgav-sis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze

bun.VII.6

wiTel wignSi Setanili cocxali organizmebi

moswavlem SeZlos daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mraval-ferovneba da imsjelos maTi dacvis aucileblobaze

bun.VII.7.

erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi

moipovebs informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis formis mra-valferovnebis Sesaxeb (erT- da mravalujredian organizmebSi) da akavSirebs ujredis formas mis funqciasTan;

bun.VII.5

moswavlis rveuli (biologiis nawili)



dakvirveba mcenaris foTlis agebulebaze.

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ras niSnavs ujreduli agebuleba?

bun.VII.5

dakvirveba mcenaris sxvadasx-va organos agebulebaze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: foTlis garda mcenaris sxva organoebsac aqvT ujreduli agebuleba?

bun.VII.5bun.VII.7

pigmentebis aRmoCena mcena-ris foTolSi

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces SekiTxvas: aris Tu ara mwvane feris foTolSi mwvanes garda sxva feris pigmentebic?

bun.VII.5bun.VII.13

dakvirveba baqteriebis cxovelqmedebis pirobebze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: aqvs Tu ara mniSvneloba garemos temperaturas baqteriebis aqtivobisaTvis?

bun.VII.5

dakvirveba ZuZumwovrebis kbilebze kvleva 1.

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogori formis kbilebi aqvT ZuZumwovrebs ra mniSvneloba aqvs kbilebis gansxvave-bul formas?

bun.VII.5bun.VII.6

aqlemis Segueba saarsebo garemosTan

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces SekiTxvas: raSi gamoixateba aqle-mis Seguebuloba qviSnarSi gadaadgilebasTan?

bun.VII.5bun.VII.7

Tevzis Seguebuloba wyalSi gadaadgilebasTan

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ratom icvleba wyalSi Tevzis sxeulis mdebareoba sacurao buStis airiT gavsebis da airisgan daclis SemTxvevaSi.

bun.VII.6

dakvirveba mcenareTa Teslis da foTlis mravalferovne-baze

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: gansxvavdeba Tu ara mcenareebi Teslis da foTlis garegnuli maxasiaTeblebiT

bun.VII.5bun.VII.7

21

6. rekomendaciebi rekomendaciebi Temaze – Sefaseba

1. ra aris Sefasebis mizani?axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Seqmnam miSvnelovani cvlilebebi gamoiwvia. maT Soris upirvelesi

aris is, rom `saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas moswavle, misi ganviTarebis procesi da mis mier miRweuli Sedegi. Sedegze orientireba gulisxmobs moswavlisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis ara mxolod damaxsovrebas, aramed am informaciis myar, dinamiur da funqciur codnad gardaqmnas~.

orientacia TiToeul moswavlesa da Sedegze Tvisobrivad cvlis Sefasebis sistemasac. Sefasebis saSu-alebiT ganisazRvreba im saswavlo Sedegebis miRwevis xarisxi, romlebic sagnobrivi programis standartiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

Sefaseba aris raime sagnis, movlenis, procesis an vinmes Sesabamisobis / mimarTebis dadgena winaswar gansazRvrul niSan-TvisebebTan (kriteriumebTan). Sefasebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad kargad aswavlis maswavlebeli da ramdenad kargad swavloben moswavleebi. kerZod, Sefasebas aqvs Semdegi ZiriTadi miznebi:

(1) moswavlis swavlis xelSewyoba;(2) moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlena; (3) swavlebis konkretuli meTodikis efeqtianobis Semowmeba; (4) saswavlo programebis efeqtianobis gansazRvra da srulyofa; (5) saswavlo procesSi swavlebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba da srulyofa;(6) mSoblebis CarTva moswavlis swavlebis procesSi da maTTan komunikaciis gamyareba.

Sefasebas aqvs ori gansxvavebuli funqcia: • swavlis procesis Sefaseba (mimdinare Sefaseba); • produqtis / Sedegebis / miRwevebis Sefaseba (Semajamebeli Sefaseba);pirveli gulisxmobs informaciis dagrovebas saswavlo procesis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, xolo meore

- Sedegebis aRnusxvas. moswavleTa Sefaseba xdeba komponentebSi. komponentebSi miRebuli Sefasebebi gansazRvravs moswavlis

semestrul Sefasebas.

amonaridi axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan 2011-2016 ww.

sagnis semestruli qulis Semadgeneli komponentebi1. semestris manZilze moswavleebi fasdebian Semdegi sami komponentis mixedviT:a) saSinao davaleba;b) saklaso davaleba;g) Semajamebeli davaleba.2. Sefasebis samive komponents erTnairi wona aqvs.3. saSinao da saklaso davalebaTa komponentebSi gamoiyeneba rogorc ganmsazRvreli, aseve ganmavi-

Tarebeli Sefaseba. 4. Semajamebeli davalebis komponentSi aucilebelia ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis gamoyeneba. 5. erovnuli saswavlo gegma TiToeuli sagnisaTvis gansazRvravs semestris ganmavlobaSi Casatare-

beli Semajamebeli davalebebis savaldebulo minimalur raodenobas. am komponentiT Sefasebisas: a) standartis moTxovnaTa dasakmayofileblad, aucilebelia Semajamebeli davalebis mravalgvari

formis gamoyeneba (Txzuleba, moxseneba, referati, proeqti, savele-gasvliTi samuSao, laboratoriuli kvleva, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSi da sxv.);

b) moswavle valdebulia Seasrulos klasSi Catarebuli yvela Semajamebeli davaleba (erovnuli sas-wavlo gegmiT dadgenili savaldebulo minimumi da skolis mier damatebiT dadgenili, am ukanasknelis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);

g) Tu moswavle ar Seasrulebs romelime Semajamebel samuSaos gacdenis gamo, skola valdebulia, misces mas gacdenili Semajamebeli davalebebis aRdgenis saSualeba. Semajamebeli aRdgeniTi samuSaos vadebi da misi Catarebis forma ganisazRvreba saskolo saswavlo gegmiT.

22

Sefasebis tipebi

skolaSi, moswavleTa Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba ori tipis Sefaseba: ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTarebeli. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba akontrolebs swavlis xarisxs, adgens moswavlis miRwevis dones erovnuli

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul miznebTan mimarTebaSi. ganmsazRvrel SefasebaSi iwereba qula. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba akontrolebs TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis dinamikas da xels uwyobs

swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba iseTi saSualebebi, rogoricaa:• sityvieri komentari, • rCeva-darigeba, • dakvirvebis furceli, • TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqema da sxv.axal erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebebis aRweriloba aseTia:

ganmaviTarebeli ganmsazRvreli

mizani swavlis xarisxis gaumjobeseba;moswavlis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba

swavlis xarisxis gakontroleba;moswavlis miRwevis donis dadgena erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansaz-Rvrul miznebTan mimarTebaSi;akademiuri moswrebis donis gansaz-Rvra

Sefasebis sagani swavlis procesi swavlis Sedegi

Sefasebis Sedegad miRe-buli gadawyvetileba

winsvlis xelSesawyobad gansxvavebuli aqti-vobis SerCeva, swavlebis strategiis Secvla, rCeva-darigebis micema da sxv.

momdevno etapze (klasSi/safexurze) daSveba/ardaSveba

warmatebis kriteri-umebis gansazRvra

konkretuli moswavlis winsvlis safuZvelze (sakuTar miRwevebTan mimarTebiT - ra dones flobda, ra dones flobs)

imis safuZvelze, Tu ramdenad miaRwia standartiT gansazRvrul Sedegebs (yvelasaTvis saerTo, standartiT dad-genil normasTan mimarTebaSi)

Sefasebis saSualebebi TviT/urTierTSefasebis rubrika;kiTxvari;sityvieri (zepiri/werilobiTi) komentari;unaris ganviTarebis donis aRwera.

qula

mimdinare Sefaseba xdeba: yovel gakveTilze, yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo yovelTvis qulebiT Sefaseba.

ra aris mniSvnelovani?mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba gvaZlevs moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas. kerZod,

ra saxis saqmianoba izidavs da ra ara, rogoria misi swavlis stili (swavlobs mosmeniT, kiTxviT, weriT, keTebiT; aqvs mTlianobiTi aRqma Tu sagnebsa da movlenebs danawevrebulad aRiqvams, Teoretikosia Tu pragmatistia da a.S.), ra uZneldeba, ra uadvildeba, SeuZlia Tu ara koncentracia, aqvs Tu ara winsvla, Tu ara, ra aris warumateblobis mizezi an ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu ara ganviTarebuli Semoq-medebiTi, saazrovno da socialuri unarebi, rogoria misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Tavisebure-bebi, ra Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis dawera (niSniT Sefaseba), ramdenadac rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos. formatuli Sefaseba moswavlis Sesaxeb amomwurav, mravalmxriv informacias iZleva da obieqturobis garantia.

amasTan, mimdinare Sefaseba maswavlebels aZlevs sakuTari yoveldRiuri saqmianobis refleqsiis SesaZleblobas. imaze dayrdnobiT, ramdenad miaRwia maswavlebelma sagakveTilo mizans, ra codna da unar-Cvevebi gamoavlines moswavleebma, ra daZlies da ra vera, mas SeuZlia Seafasos dagegmili aqtivobebis efeqtianoba, SerCeuli masalis sirTule, klasis marTvis, organizebis unari da sxv.

Semajamebeli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris

bolos, saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is, Tu ramdenad miaRwia moswavlem standartiT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs.

swored Semajamebeli Sefasebis Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT vakeTebT daskvnas, ramdenad Sesrulda erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi.

3. Sefasebis sqemebis Seqmna da gamoyeneba

23

ra aris gakveTilis saswavlo mizni?radgan axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis misaRwevi Sedegebi moicavs: codnas,

unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebas. bunebrivia gakveTilebis saswavli mizani, romelic standartis enaze unda Camoyalibdes unda moicavdes maT.

magaliTad:

sagani Tema saswavlo mizani standartis mixedviT

sabunebismetyvelo mec-nierebebis safuZvlebi

nivTierebis simkvrive moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiy-enos Sesabamisi cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

sainteresoa SevexoT, ra kavSiri arsebobs saswavlo mizansa da Sefasebis kriteriumebs Soris?gakveTilis saswavlo mizani gakveTilis bolos Sedegad gadaiqceva. -rogor gaizomos Sedegi? -swored amisaTvis aris saWiro kriteriumi. -ris mixedviT yalibdeba kriteriumebi?-gakveTilis saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad!- rogor?

gTavazobT konkretul magaliTs:

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani Sefasebis kriteriumebi

moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Ses-abamisi cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.

1. ganmartavs nivTierebis simkvrives2. msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoy-enebaze3. Sesabamisi cnebebs da formulebs adekvaturad iyenebs amocanebis amosaxsnisas

rogorc, xedavT saswavlo mizanSi ramdeni zmna anu operaciac aris mocemuli imdeni Sefasebis krite-riumia saWiro Sedegebis gasazomad. es saSualebas aZlevs pedagogs (Semfasebels) TiToeuli operacia Seufasos moswavles; anu daukonkretos ra gaakeTa kargad da ra ver gaakeTa. Sefasebis kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli adgens Sefasebis rubrikas da TiToeul kriteriums Slis doneebis mixedviT. gTavazobT konkretul magaliTs.

kriteriumebi 1-3 4-5 6-7 8-10

ganmartavs niv-Tierebis simkvr-ives

arasworad ganmartavs niv-Tierebis simkvr-ives

arasrulad ganmar-tavs nivTierebis sim-kvrives

saubrobs ra ganapirobebs simkvrives da ganmartavs

ganixilebs ra kavSiria masas moculobasa da simkvrives Soris da ganmartavs niv-Tierebis simkvrives;

msjelobs niv-Tierebis sim-kvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

arasworad msjelobs niv-Tierebis simkvri-vis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

zogadad da xarve-zebiT msjelobs niv-Tierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyene-baze

msjelobs niv-Tierebis simkvr-ivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

msjelobs nivTierebis simkvri-vis praqtikul gamoyenebaze - mag. aanalizebs kvadrociklis sxvadasxva nawilebi sxvadasxva simkvrivis nivTiere bisgan damzadebis mizanSewonilobas

amocanebis amoxs-nisas iyenebs Ses-abamis cnebebs da formulebs

amocanebis amox-snisas ver iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formulebs

amocanebis amoxs-nisas xarvezebiT iyenebs Sesabamis cne-bebs da formulebs

amocanebis amox-snisas iyenebs Sesabamis cne-bebs da formu-lebs

amocanebis amoxsnisas warmate-biT iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formulebs

arsebobs gansxvavebuli tipis da daniSnulebis Sefasebis sqemebi. imisda mixedviT Tu ra mizans isaxavs

konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani. ganasxvaveben:• analitikur • holistur

24

• zogad • konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs.

ganvixiloT isini cal-calke.iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac maswavlebels surs, rom moswavlis codna Seafasos ori an meti kriteriumis

mixedviT igi iyenebs an qmnis analitikuri Sefasebis sqemas. zemoT mocemuli Sefasebis sqema analitikuria. radganac is 3 kriteriums Seicavs.

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sefasebis sqemis dayofa or an met damoukidebel maxasiaTeblad aucilebeli ar aris an ubralod ver xerxdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli qmnis an iyenebs holistur Sefasebis sqe-mas. holisturi Sefasebis sqemis grafebSi gaerTianebulia yvela kriteriumi da yvela maxasiaTebeli. ris mixedviTac maswavlebels surs rom magaliTad naweri Seafasos. moswavlis pasuxis xarisxi fasdeba zogadad da ara konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis mimarT. gTavazobT Txzulebis holisturi Sefasebis sqemis nimuSss:

holisturi Sefasebis sqema

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs srulad. azri mkafiod da Tanmimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli. grama-tika da leqsika moTxovnis Sesabamisia. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa.

3

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs nawilobriv. azri Tanamimdevrulad mxolod zog SemTxvevaSia gadmoce-muli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia. Secdomebis raodenoba zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis azris gagebas.

2

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs mcired. azris gageba Wirs. gramatikuli da leqsikuri Secdomerbi aris winadadebebis umetesobaSi.

1

naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs, an azris gageba SeuZlebelia, an furceli carielia. 0

Sefaseba sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSiras iTvaliswinebs Sefasebis TiToeuli komponenti sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi:

1) saSinao davalebadavalebis tipebi: saSinao eqsperimenti, dakvirveba obieqtebsa da procesebze, informaciis moZieba,

konceptualuri rukis Sedgena, modelireba, referatis momzadeba da sxva.

fasdeba Semdegi unarebi:1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebi;2. kvlevis unar-Cvevebi;3. problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebi;4. TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi.

rubrikis nimuSi:

informaciis moZiebis SefasebaTariRi:

moswavle Sefasebis kriteriumebi

informaciis wyaroebis arCeva0-3

moZiebuli informaciis kvlevis mizanTan Sesabamisoba0-4

moZiebuli informaciis organizeba0-3

qulaTa maqsimal-uri raodenoba10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

6.

7.

25

2) saklaso davalebadavalebis tipebi: sakiTxis ganxilva/diskusia, eqsperimenti, monacemebis aRricxva/damuSaveba, mod-

elireba, savele/gasvliTi samuSaoebi da sxva.

fasdeba Semdegi unarebi:1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebi;2. kvlevis unar-Cvevebi;3. problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebi;4. socialuri unar-Cvevebi;5. komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;6. TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi.

rubrikis nimuSi:

TariRi: eqsperimentis Sefaseba


kvlevis miznis gansazRvra0-2

saWiro inventaris gansazRvra0-1

kvlevis Sedegis varaudi0-1

kvlevis mimdin-areobis aRwera0-2

mona-cemebis aRricxva0-1

monacem-Ta anal-izi0-2

daskvnis gamotana0-1

qulaTa maqsim-aluri raodenoba10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

6.

7.

3) Semajamebeli davalebaSemajamebeli davalebis komponenti ukavSirdeba swavla-swavlebis Sedegs. am komponentSi unda Sefasdes

erTi saswavlo monakveTis (Tema, Tavi, paragrafi, sakiTxi) Seswavla-damuSavebis Sedegad miRweuli Sede-gebi. konkretuli saswavlo erTeulis dasrulebisas moswavlem unda SeZlos sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis standartiT gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis warmoCena. Sesabamisad, Semajamebeli davalebebi unda afasebdes sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevis dones.

standartis moTxovnaTa Sesafaseblad rekomendebulia Semajamebel davalebaTa mravalferovani formebis gamoyeneba. sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis Semajamebel davalebaTa tipebi SeiZleba iyos: testi, sxvadasxva tipis savarjiSo, savele/gasvliTi samuSao, modelireba, proeqti, prezentacia da sxva.

fasdeba Semdegi unarebi:1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebi;2. kvlevis unar-Cvevebi;3. problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebi;4. komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;5. socialuri unar-Cvevebi;6. TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi.

moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes Semajamebeli davalebebi• davalebis TiToeul tips unda axldes Sefasebis zogadi rubrika;• zogadi rubrika unda dazustdes konkretuli davalebis pirobisa da gavlili masalis gaTval-

iswinebiT;• 10 qula unda ganawildes rubrikaSi Semaval kriteriumebze;• miTiTebuli unda iyos standartis is Sedegebi, romelTa Sefasebasac emsaxureba Semajamebeli dava-

leba.

26

rubrikis nimuSi:

TariRi: kvleviTi proeqti


proeqtis mizani 0-1

kvlevis gegmis SemuSaveba0-1

sakiTxTan dakav-Sirebuli infor-maciis moZieba0-1

kvlevis Catareba0-2


analizi da daskvnis gakeTeba0-2

prezenta-cia0-2

qulaTa maqsim-aluri raodenoba10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

6.

7.

Sefasebis sqemebis mravalferovnebis miuxedavad moTxovnebi maT mimarT erTnairia:• rubrikebi/kriteriumebi erTmniSvnelovnad da mkafiod unda iyos Camoyalibebuli/sando/;• Sefasebis sqema unda amowmebdes mxolod imas ris Semowmebasac isaxavs miznad da sxvas arafers /vali-

duri/;• moswavleebi winaswar unda icnobdnen (da/an monawileobdnen sqemis SeqmnaSi) im Sefasebis sqemas, rom-

liTac maTi codna fasdeba /gamWirvale/;

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia SevajamoT:• Sefasebis sqemebi, aris mkacrad gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis erTo-

blioba, romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis moswreba ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi;• arsebobs gansxvavebuli tipis da daniSnulebis Sefasebis sqemebi. imisda mixedviT Tu ra mizans isax-

avs konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani, gaasxvaveben analitikur da holistur zogad da konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs;

• drois garkveuli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi erTi da imave Sefasebis sqemis sistematurad gamoyeneba da Sedegebis Sedareba moswavlis ganviTarebis efeqturi saSualebaa;

• sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma Sefasebis sqemis Seqmnis procesSi CarTos moswavleebi. es moswavleebs sasualebas miscems ufro kargad gerkven imasi Tu ras iTxoven maTgan.

27

kognituri sqemebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi

sqemebiT saswavlo procesis datvirTva exmareba moswavleebs dasamuSavebeli masalaSi mowodebuli mniSvnelovani informaciis aRqmaSi. sqemebiT muSaobisas moswavleebs xelT eZlevaT teqstis kontrolis meqanizmi, romelic nawilisa da mTelis, konceptisa da detalebis urTierTmimarTebebis dadgenasa da vizualurad danaxvaSi uwyobs maT xels. amitomac xSirad am sqemebs kognitur diagramebs uwodeben.

kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebis areali:

kognituri sqemebis

gamoyenebis areali

gamoiyeneba axali masalis

gacnobis dros

Semajamebeli samuSaoebis Catarebisas

saSinao da saklaso

samuSaoebisas

teqstis damuSavebisas

teqstis kiTxvisas

raSi exmareba kognituri sqemebi moswavleebs?• informaciis mwyobrad organizebaSi• informaciis gaanalizebaSi• uviTarebs vizualur aRqmas• uviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas

raSi exmareba kognituri sqemebi maswavleblebs?• kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs gaaaqtiuros winare

codna• kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebiT xsnis axal masalas• zedmiwevniTi konkretulobiT ajamebinebs moswavleebs aTvisebul masalas• exmareba pedagogs moswavles Seuqmnas iseTi saswavlo garemo, rodesac is aanalizebs movlenas • exmareba pedagogs moswavlis progresis, misi akademiuri moswrebis aRnusxvaSi da SefasebaSi.

gTavazobT, informacias ramdenime kognituri sqemaze; ra mizniT SeiZleba gamoiyenos maswavlebelma da es konkretuli sqema, raSi exmareba moswavles?

kognituri sqemis dasaxeleba ra mizniT iyenebs maswavlebeli? raSi exmareba moswavles?

Aambis/Sinaarsis organizebis sqema. zedmiwevniTi konkretulobiT aja-mebinebs moswavleebs aTvisebul masa-las

Ggaixsenos: ist pirovnebebi, moq-medebis adgili. dainaxos proble-mis dinamika da Sedegi.

movlena da Sedegebi kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebiT xsnis axal masalas

informaciis gaanalizebaSi

mizez-Sedegobriobis ruka exmareba pedagogs moswavles Seuqmnas iseTi saswavlo garemo, rodesac is aanalizebs ama Tu im movlenas

movlenis/problemis gaanalizebaSi(gaanalizon ama-Tu im movlenis gamomwvevi mizezebi da movlenis Sedegebi).

28

vici, minda vicode, viswavlevici, minda vicode, viswavle gamoiyeneba sagakveTilo procesSi teqstze muSaobisas, rac • amzadebs moswavles masalis mTlianobaSi gaazrebisaTvis;• gviCvenebs, ra aris mocemul teqstSi moswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani;• gviCvenebs, ra iswavla man am teqstiT;• aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxebis unar-Cvevebs;• aZlierebs teqstis kiTxvisa da masze muSaobis motivacias;• aviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unar-Cvevebs;• aviTarebs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebs.

es strategia gamoiyeneba individualuri, wyvilebsa da jgufebSi muSaobisas.

gamoyenebis wesi:I etapi: maswavlebeli saswavli miznidan gamomdinare acnobs moswavleebs, ra sakiTxs exeba wasakiTxi

teqsti da sTxovs Seavson sqema, risTvisac maT unda gaixsenon da pirvel grafaSi Caweron yvelaferi, rac ician, an hgoniaT, rom ician mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb;

meore grafaSi SekiTxvebis saxiT Camoayalibon, risi gagebacainteresebT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb.

II etapi: es etapi kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg iwyeba da mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sqemis mesame grafaSi moswavleebi weren imas, rac iswavles.

sqemis nimuSi aseTia:

vici minda vicode viswavle

es aris meTodi, romelic kargia wina klasSi ganvlili masalis gasaxseneblad, axal masalasTan dasaka-vSireblad da konkretuli Temis Sesajameblad.

venis diagramasaswavlo miznidan gamomdinare xSirad efeqturia informaciis organizeba diagramebiT. maTi daxmare-

biT informacia xdeba TvalsaCino. ama Tu im formis diagramis Seqmnis procesSi moswavleebs uviTardebaT:• informaciis Sekrebisa da daxarisxebis unar-Cveva;• raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi monacemebis organizaciis da warmodgenis unar-Cveva;• raodenobrivi monacemebis dalagebis unar-Cveva;• Tvisobrivi monacemebis Sedarebis unar-Cveva;• monacemebis analizis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanis unar-Cveva.

am diagramis damkvidreba cnobili ingliseli maTematikosis jon venis (1834-1923) saxels ukavSirdeba. venis diagrama Sedgeba ori an meti rgolisagan. diagrama SedarebiTi analizis saSualebas iZleva da efeq-turia sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinebis swavlebisas.

Sevsebis wesia-varianti: I da II nawilSi faqtis, an movlenis, an personaJis gansxvavebuli niSnebi iwereba, xolo III

nawilSi - msgavsi.b-varianti: cal-calke ivseba I da II nawili, xolo is, rac oriveSi aRmoCndeba erTnairi gadadis III-Si.

gansxvaveba msgavseba Gansxvaveba

29

drois diagramaes sqema maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia warmatebulad gamoiyenos faqtebis da movlenebis drosTan dasaka-

vSireblad. diagrama saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs daamuSaon istoriuli faqtebis, movlenebis Semcveli didi teqstebi da sakiTxebi wyvilebSi, jgufebSi, individualerad da maTze dayrdnobiT Seadginon drois diagrama.

Sevsebis wesia-varianti: jer ivsebi diagramis I nawili, romelSic aRiniSneba dro (welTaRricxva, saukune, weli, Tve,

ricxvi, dRe). Semdeg II nawilSi TiToeuli droiTi aRniSvnis gverdiT Sesabamisi movlena, faqti.

kartografiis ganviTareba

wlebi Seqmnili rukebis tipebi

b-varianti: erTdroulad da TanamimdevrobiT ivseba diagramis orive nawili

kartografiis ganviTareba

wlebi Seqmnili rukebis tipebi

Cvens welTaRricxvamde Qqvaze Seqmnili

portulano

daS

T diagramaes sqema maswavlebelma SeiZleba mravalmxriv gamoiyenos. igi Zalze mosaxerxebelia sapirispiro mosaz-

rebaTa gamosaTqmelad, movlenebisa Tu faqtebis Sesapirispireblad da Sesadareblad, moqmed gmirTa dasaxasiaTeblad.

T sqema saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovaCinoT dapirispireba gansaxilvel sakiTxebs /faqtebs, movlenebs, adamianebs, sagnebs da a.S./ Soris.

savarjiSo kargia informaciis dasaxarisxeblad (vTqvaT, dadebiTad da uaryofiTad) da dasajgufeblad.

Sevsebis wesidafaze, rveulSi an Tabaxis furcelze ixazeba T diagrama. saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare SeiZleba

Seivsos jer sqemis marcxena mxare, Semdeg _ marjvena. marcxena mxaris Sevsebis Semdeg, marjvena mxareSi iwereba misi sapirispiro mosazrebebi.

samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad, maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr:

30

rekomendaciebi - rogor movamzadoT proeqtiqimiis erT-erT gakveTilze moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba moamzadon proeqti `wyali – sicocxlea~. anu

ra RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba aris SesaZlebeli mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad. TqvenTvis cnobilia, rom proeqti interaqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi kolaboraciuli meTodia.

gTavazobT ramdenime konkretul rCevas romelic exeba proeqtis saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebis meTo-dikas:

rCeva 1 proeqtis Seqmna saWiroa maSin roca problema arsebobs. proeqtis mTavari mizani am problemis mogvarebaa!

/mag., problemaa dabinZurebuli mdinare; proeqtis mTavari mizani mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebaa/

rCeva 2 problemis Tvisobrivi da raodenobrivi SeswavlisaTvis kvlevaa saWiro, amitom kvlevis gegmis SemuSaveba mniSvnelovania;

mag. kvlevis gegmis nimuSi

ras vikvlev? ra meTodiT vikvlev? ra vadaSi vikvlev? SeniSvna

mdinare X -s romeli mdi-nareebi uerTdeba da ramdenad dabinZurebulia isini?

rukis kvleva, mdinaris Sena-kadebis mimdebared mcxovrebTa gamokiTxva

10 dReSi

mdinaris dabinZurebis xarisxis dadgena

mdinaris wylis laboratoriuli kvleva

10 dRe

rCeva 3 informaciis floba yvela moqmedebis warmatebis safuZvelia!SesTavazeT moswavleebs informaciis mopovebis wyaroebi:

wignebi internet resursebi, gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, fotoebi

samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo,kvleviTi, saganmanaTleblo uwyebebi, adamianebi

uSualo kontaqti

rCeva 4 kvlevis Catareba moswavleebma unda awarmoon dagegmilis Sesabamisad.kvlevis Tematika:

• arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens sazogadoebaSi sufTa wylis problema; • gaarkvieT, vin aris pasuxismgebeli wylis sisufTaveze; • iyeneben Tu ara sawarmoebi Tqvens sacxovrebelTan axlos mdebare mdinares; • rukis saSualebiT gaarkvieT, sad Caedineba es mdinare, romeli qveynidan an raioidan moedineba da aris

Tu ara im regionSi dabinZurebis kerebi;• ra saxis narCenebi Caedineba masSi. ra Sedegebi moyolia an SeiZleba mohyves mdinaris dabinZurebas; • ra RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba aris SesaZlebeli mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad.

rCeva 5 kvlevis Sedegebis CaniSvna unda moxdes romelime grafikul Tu vizualur formatSi/cxrili, sqema, diagrama, foto da videomasala .../

rCeva 6 Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleebs vaswavloT rogor gaakeTon monacemTa analizi am analizze dayrdnobiT gaakeTon Sefaseba da amaze dayrdnobiT moZebnon problemis gadaWris gza.

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magaliTad

Ykvlevis Sedegebis analizze

dayrdnobiT yvelaze seriozuli

problema ra aris?

kvlevis Sedegebis analizze

dayrdnobiT ra iwvevs am problemas?

moifiqreT problemis mogvarebis Tanmimdevruli

nabijebi

daasabuTeT Tqvens mier mofiqrebuli

nabijebis efeqturoba

mag. Ykvlevis Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT yvelaze seriozuli problema is rom mdi-naris sanapiroebi naga-viTaa saves da masSi 2 welia aRaravin banaobs

mag. kvlevis Sede-gebis analizze dayrdnobiT ikveTe-ba, rom 2 welia soflis mcxovrebni nagavs pirdapir mdi-nareSi yrian

1. Cveni kvlevis Sedegebi gavug-zavnoT raionis adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobas da vTxovoT mdinarispira soflebSi gamoyos nagavsayrelebi2. davgegmoT d aim soflebSi arsebul skolis mosw erTad movawyoT mdinaris sanapiroebis dasufTavebis aqciebi.. da nagavi iqedan simbolurad “gadavitanoT” sofelSi gamoyofil nagavsayrelze

1. yvela dasaxlebas unda hqondes nagavsayreli2. TanamonawileobiTi aqciebi zrdis Tana-monawileTa pasuxismge-blobas.. aqcia ki sasurve-li qcevis demonstrirebaa

rCeva 7 vaswavloT da movTxovoT moswavleebs efeqturi prezentacia• eleqtronuli prezentacia• posterebis damzadeba• verbaluri prezentacia• blogebis, feisbuqis da a.S. gamoyenebiT prezentacia• gamofena• aqcia

proeqtis Sefaseba

2011-2016 w. erovnul saswavlo gegmis bunebismetyvelebis standartSi mocemulia kvleviTi proeqtis Sefasebis sqema. sasurvelia moswavleebma winaswar icodnen Sefasebis kriteriumebi da Sefasebis sqema.

Sefasebis sqema

TariRi: kvleviTi proeqti


proeqtis mizani0-1

kvlevis gegmis SemuSaveba0-1

sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli informaciis moZieba0-1

kvlevis Catareba0-2


anal-izi da daskvnis gakeTeba0-2

prezenta-cia0-2

qulaTa maqsimal-uri raode-noba10

1.

2.

3.

4

5

6

7

SeniSvna am proeqtis momzadebaSi moswavleebs daexmarebaT Semdegi internet-resursebi: 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuG5WTId-IY2. http://imeretnature.blogspot.com/

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informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba swavlebaSi da misi saswavlo- meToduri uzrunvelyofa

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciis gazrdas, moswavleTa CarTvas swavla-swavlebis procesSi da erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis ukeT gagebas. rodesac sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis warmatebulad swavlebaze vsaubrobT, unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemo, romelic saWiroa am saswavlo disciplinis efeqtianad warmarTvisaTvis.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (ist-is) gamoyeneba qimiis gakveTilebze, sadac sagnis 1/3 nawili eTmoba eqsperimentebs. teqnologiebis multimediuri xasiaTi iZleva saSualebas moswavleebisaTvis TvalsaCino gavxadoT esa Tu is qimiuri movlena (garkveulwilad movaxdi-noT laboratoriebis ar arsebobis konpensireba). agreTve fizikurad SeuZlebelia iseTi laboratoriuli samuSaoebis Catareba Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtorebs, rogoricaa qimiuri reaqciebis xangrZlivoba, reaqtivebis ar qona, nivTierebebis momwamlavi buneba, ekologiuri problemebi, bavSvis usafrTxoeba.

garda amisa, teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia, magaliTad: eqsperimentis Sewyveta, SeCereba, an im nawilis ganmeoreba, romelic cudad iqna aTvisebuli. aseTi midgoma xels uwyobs sagnis Seswavlisadmi interesis amaRlebas.

informaciuli teqnologiebis integracia swavlaSi aris inovaciuri saqmianoba, romelic naklebad ergeba skolis Zvel tradiciul models.

ist-is gamoyenebiT icvleba saswavlo garemos xedva. swavlis garemo aRar aris SezRuduli fizikuri sivrciT. misi Semadgeneli nawilia virtualuri sivrce, romelic saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs da mas-wavleblebs `gavidnen~ saklaso oTaxis kedlebs gareT da daukavSirdnen mTel msoflios.

ratom unda gamoviyenoT Web 2.0 teqnologiebi swavla/swavlebaSi?ra sargebeli moaqvT am teqnologiebs moswavleebisaTvis da maswavleblebisaTvis?

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi

CarTuloba monawileoba kreatuloba komunikaciaTanamSromloba

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi zrdian moswavleTa CarTulobis xarisxs. swavla am teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT ufro mimzidvelia, vinaidan ufro axlosaa realur saqmianobasTan.

Web 2.0 teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT moswavle ara mxolod swavlobs, aramed monawileobs codnis Seqm-naSi. aseTi SesaZlebloba moswavleebs adre iSviaTad Tu eZleodaT. magaliTad, moswavlis mier Seqmnili blogi da iq gamoqveynebuli informacia aris misi wvlili (da SeiZleba, Zalian mniSvnelovanic) internetis kontentis SeqmnaSi. es mniSvnelovani socialuri aqtivobaa, romelic zrdis moswavleebis motivacias.

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi gvaZleven TanamSromlobis realur SesaZleblobebs. bolo wlebSi ganaTlebaSi TanamSromlobas moswavleebs Soris, moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs Soris mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba. magram mxolod axla xdeba SesaZlebeli realuri TanamSromlobis pirobebis Seqmna axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi xels uwyoben kreatulobis zrdas. rigiT moswavles aqvs SesaZlebloba Seqmnas multimediuri produqtebi, gamoaqveynos internetSi da miiRos Sefaseba sxvadasxva adamianebisagan.

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi xels uwyoben diskusiis da kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebas. urTier-Toba realur auditoriasTan moiTxovs maTgan gacilebiT met pasuxismgeblobas.

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blogis gamoyeneba swavlaSi

saWiroebaratom unda vawarmooT blogi?1. imitom rom es saintereso da mimzidvelia. imdenad mimzidveli, rom moswavleebs aviwydebaT, rom

isini sinamdvileSi swavloben.2. imitom rom momavalSi ase mogviwevs swavla. swavla xorcieldeba maSin, roca moswavle CarTulia

praqtikosTa TemSi, swavlis autenturi amocanebis gadaWris procesSi, swavlobs maSin, roca axdens inter-aqcias Temis wevrebTan.

3. imitom rom es Secvlis Tqvens cxovrebas. 4. imitom rom blogis saSualebiT daukavSirdebiT gare samyaros. blogi saSualebas aZlevs moswavles gaxdes `maswavlebeli~ – anu warudginos sakuTari masalebi audi-

torias.

blogis gamoyeneba

blogi aris sivrce, sadac moswavleebs da maswavleblebs aqvT SesaZlebloba iswavlon erTmaneTisagan.

ra aris blogi?

ratom aris blogi aseTi mniSvnelovani swavla/swavlebaSi?• blogebis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia virtualuri Temebis Seqmna, sadac Temis wevrebi erToblivad

msjeloben, uziareben erTmaneTs codnas, marTaven diskusiebs maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebis irgvliv, • blogi exmareba moswavles codna aRiqvas mTlianobaSi, rogorc urTierTdakavSirebuli da ara izoli-

rebuli faqtebi. • blogi aZlierebs sakuTrebis grZnobas da zrdis arCevans. • blogi aZlevs moswavles saSualebas miawvdinos sakuTari xma sakmaod did auditorias. es zrdis pasux-

ismgeblobas da aviTarebs sakuTar swavlaze dakvirvebis unars. • blogi zrdis moswavlis motivacias da pasuxismgeblobas. roca moswavlem icis, rom mis namuSevars

ecnoba farTo auditoria is meti pasuxismgeblobiT ekideba swavlas.

proeqtiGearn-onlain proeqti “wyali sicocxlea”http://gearn.blogspot.com/2008/09/gearn.htmlam proeqtSi http://ekologiaia.blogspot.com/

CarTulia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis skolebi, maswavleblebi, moswavleebi. http://imeretnature.blogspot.com/http://lazuriti.wordpress.com/http://yvirila.blogspot.com/http://mtkvrisproblema.blogspot.com/http://www.shavizgva-nini-nino.blogspot.com/http://madneuli.blogspot.com/

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7. gakveTilis scenarebiSesavali

1. bunebismetyvelebis sagani, fizikuri sidideebi

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dakvirvebisas awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT.

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.2aqtivoba1 – `buneba da bunebismetyveleba~ /5 wT/

maswavlebeli interaqtiuri leqciisas TanmimdevrobiT ganixilavs ra aris: • buneba;• Bbunebismetyveleba;• sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi: Ffizika, qimia, biologia; • Ffizikuri sxeuli;• nivTiereba;• cocxali organizmi

Aaqtivoba 2 – `bunebismetyvelebi ikvleven~ /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleTa cnobismoyvareobis gazrdis mizniT SekiTxvebiT mimarTavs moswavleebs:• ratom orTqldeba an iyineba wyali? • TxilamuriT ratom mivsrialebT Tovlze da ver vsrialebT mSral miwaze?• ra iciT nivTierebebis agebulebaze, maT urTierTqmedebebze, gardaqmnebze? • sad qreba wyalSi Cayrili Saqari? • ratom iwvis sanTeli? • bolos da bolos, ra kavSiri aqvs yvelafer amasTan sicocxles, riTia is unikaluri, rogor warmoiSva

da viTardeba? moswavleTa SesaZlo pasuxebis Semdeg maswavlebeli azustebs sakiTxebs da akeTebs mimarTebebs am kiTx-

vebsa da wina aqtivobisas ganxilul sakiTxebs Soris da akeTebs daskvnas.

Sejameba – 1. imisaTvis, rom am da mraval sxva kiTxvas upasuxos, adamiani akvirdeba bunebas; 2. amisaTvis gvaqvs SegrZnebis organoebi, romelTa saSualebiT SegviZlia davinaxoT da a. S., magram saWiroa sizuste; 3. amitom bunebismetyvels sWirdeba sazomi xelsawyoebi da sidideebi.

Aaqtivoba 3 – situaciuri amocana `sWirdeba Tu ara mkvlevars zusti monacemebi?~ /15 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs situacias:`warmoidgine, rom gazome fanjris CarCos simaRle Seni xelis mtkaveliT da naxe rom mtkaveli CarCos

simaRleSi oTxjer Caetia. Semdeg dareke saxelosnoSi da sTxove, rom dagimzadon aseTi sigrZis magida. xelosanma sigrZe Tavisi mtkaveliT gadazoma~.

Dmaswavlebeli SekiTxvebiT mimarTavs moswavleebs:– rogor fiqrob, misi damzadebuli magida iseTi iqneba, rogoric SeukveTe? – xom ar jobda xelosnisTvis geTqva, rom magidis sigrZe unda iyos 100 santimetri? moswavleebi pasuxoben argumentirebulad.

Aaqtivoba 4 – `SI sistema yvela enaze laparakobs”maswavlebeli moswavleebs: – rogorc xedavT gazomvis sizuste damokidebulia imaze, rom sazom erTeu-

lebSi gamovsaxoT monacemebi. amitom acnobs:– ra aris egreTwodebul `SI sistema~.fizikur sidideTa da erTeulTa saerTaSoriso sistema (egreTwodebuli `SI sistema~). mis mixedviT

ganisazRvreba ZiriTadi fizikuri sidideebi: dro, sigrZe da masa. – ratom aris saerTaSoriso ? sistema saerTaSorisoa – adamianebi SeTanxmdnen rom yvelgan erTnairi, yvelasaTvis saerTo sazomi

erTeulebi da maTi Sesabamisi sazomi xelsawyoebi gamoiyenon. xelsawyoebiT sididis gasazomad Seiqmna `etalonebi~. magaliTad, sigrZis etalonia gansakuTrebuli liTonebis – platinis da iridiumisgan damza-

35

debul Zelze moniSnuli 1 metri sigrZis manZili, es Zeli inaxeba safrangeTSi, qalaq sevrSi, zomis da wonis saerTaSoriso palataSi. am etalonis mixedviT mzaddeba saxazavebi. aqedan gamomdinare, raimes sigrZis gazomva niSnavs etalonTan Sedarebas. igive iTqmis sxva fizikuri sidideebis Sesaxebac.

maswavlebeli moswavleTa codnis gaTvaliswinebiT /moswavleebs mieces codnis gamomJRavnebis saSu-aleba/akeTebs drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebis cxrils mswavleTa daxmarebiT aanalizebs:

dro sigrZe masa

1 wuTi (wT) 60 wami (wm) 100 kilometri (km)

1000 metri (m)

1 tona (t) 1000 kg.

1 saaTi (sT) 60 wT, 3600 wm. 1 decimetri (dm) 0.1 m 1 centneri (c) 100 kg.

1 dRe-Rame 24 sT 1 santimetri (sm) 0.01 m 1 grami 0.001 kg.

1 weliwadi 365 dRe-Rame (nakian weliwadSi 366 dRe-Ramea)

1 milimetri (mm) 0.001 m 1 miligrami (mg) 0.0001 kg.

1 saukune 100 weliwadi

akeTebs prezentacias

aqtivoba5 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5 wT/gakveTilis saswavlo miznidan da aqtivobebidan gamomdinare maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos moswavle

Semdegi kriteriumebiT:

Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs.2. moswavle fizikur sidideebs – dro, masa, sigrZe. erTeulebs warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTaSoriso

sistemis Sesabamisad.3. moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis

transfers. A Sefasebis rubrika


moswavle ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs

moswavle arasworad ganmartavs sabunebi-smetyvelo mecniere-bebs

moswavle arasrulad /mag. asaxelebs mxolod kvlevis sagans/ ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs

moswavle ZiriTadad ganmartavs sabunebi-smetyvelo sagnebs

srulyofilad

moswavle fizikur sidideebs - dro, masa, sigrZe.. erTeu-lebs warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTa-Soriso sistemis Ses-abamisad

moswavle fizi-kuri sidideebis - dro, masa, sigrZe.. erTeulebis war-moadgenas erTeulTa saerTaSoriso siste-mis Sesabamisad ver axerxebs

moswavle fizikur sidideebis warmoadgenas erTeulTa saerTaSor-iso sistemis Sesabamisad axerxebs xarvezebiT

moswavle fizikur sidideebis ZiriTa-dad warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTa-Soriso sistemis Ses-abamisad

srulyofilad

moswavles ganmar-tavs da moyavs skala-rebis da veqtorebis magaliTebi

moswavle ver ganmar-tavs da ver moyavs skalarebis da veq-torebis magaliTebi

moswavle xarvezebiT ganmartavs da cdilobs moiyvanos skalarebis da veqtorebis magaliTebi

moswavle ZiriTadad ganmartavs da moyavs skalarebis da veq-torebis magaliTebi

srulyofilad

moswavle konkre-tuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas axerxebs gakeTvilze nas-wavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis trans-fers

moswavle konkre-tuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas ver axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis trans-fers

moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas xarvezebiT axerxebs gakeT-vilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle konkretu-li magaliTebis ganx-ilvisas ZiriTadad axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis trans-fers

srulyofilad

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2. skalarebi da veqtorebi

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos monacemebi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT. Gganmartos skalarebi veqtorebi da moiyvanos mag-aliTebi.

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.2

aqtivoba1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul teqsts argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3 prezentacias.

Aaqtivoba 2 – skalarebi da veqtorebi /10 wT/maswavlebeli: bunebis Seswavlis dros gamoyenebuli fizikuri sidideebi iyofa or jgufad: 1. veqtori2. skalariZalas aqvs mimarTuleba da sidide, amitom is veqtoruli sididea.dros, masas, sigrZes ara aqvs mimarTuleba is skalaruli sididea.

maswavlebeli – moswavleebs konkretuli magaliTebis saxiT acnobs skalarebs da veqtorebs – magaliTad, Tu gadawyvet wignis gadaadgilebas, mogiwevs Zalis gamoyeneba. amitom mxedvelobaSi unda

miiRo gamoyenebuli Zalis sidide da mimarTuleba. – Zalis mimarTulebis aRsaniSnavad viyenebT isars. magaliTad, Tu wigns gadaaadgileb marcxnidan

majvniv, isari Tavisi wveriT miuTiTebs am mimarTulebas.– Zalis sidides gamovsaxavT isris sigrZiT. am dros saWiroa maStabis dacva. magaliTad, Tu 1 sm. sigrZis

isari Seesabameba Zalis 1 erTeuls, maSin 3 erTeulis sididis Zala gamoisaxeba 3 sm. sigrZis isriT. – dros, masas da sigrZes aqvs sidide, magram ar aqvs mimarTuleba – es skalaruli sidideebi, an ubralod

skalarebia. – isrebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva mizniTac. magaliTad, rodesac gsurs uCveno erTmaneTTan daka-

vSirebuli movlenebis Tanmimdevroba:

zRvis wylis aorTqleba

wvimauu uuRrublis warmoqmna

– isari gamoiyeneba agreTve, rodesac gamosaxaven raRac nivTierebebisagan axali nivTierebis war-moqmnas. magaliTad nivTierebebi wyalbadi da Jangbadi SeerTebisas warmoqmnis nivTiereba wyals. es ase gamoisaxeba:

Jangbadi + wyalbadi wyali

aqtivoba 3 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5wT/gakveTilis saswavlo miznidan da aqtivobebidan gamomdinare maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos moswavle


Sefasebis kriteriumi:1. moswavles ganmartavs da moyavs skalarebis da veqtorebis magaliTebi.

Aaqtivoba 4 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi – 5 wTmaswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli 6 savarjiSo,

raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi.

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3. bunebismetyvelebis laboratoriaSi arsebuli zogierTi xelsawyo da muSaobis wesi

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos dakvirvebisaas awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmi-

anobebi, aRricxos monacemebi daicvas xlsawyoebis gamoyenebis da usafrTxoebis wesebi.


aqtivoba1– saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentaciaprezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:

1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul teqsts argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3... prezentacias.

aqtivoba 2 – `xelsawyoebi sxvadasxva sidideebis gasazomad~ /5 wT/maswavlebeli svams maprovocirebel kiTxvebs:– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba sigrZis gasazomad?– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba masis gasazomad?– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba temperaturis gasazomad?

maswavlebeli moswavleTa pasuxebis dasafiqsireblad dafaze adgens kognitur sqemas:

xelsawyoebi sidideebi

saxazavisaaTisasworiTermometrimenzuraDdinamometri...

sigrZedromasatemperaturamoculobaZala...

Aaqtivoba A3 – mikroskopis aRwera /10 wT/maswavlebeli akeTebs mikroskopis prezentacias - mikroskopis obieqtivSi Camagrebulia sxvadasxva

gadidebis unaris mqone linzebi. linzis gadidebis unari obieqtivzea aRniSnuli. mag., x 250 niSnavs, rom linza 250-jer adidebs gamosaxulebas. sakvlev nimuSs gaanaTeben naTuriT an mzis sxiviT, romelsac sarke aireklavs da aTvaliereben okularis saSualebiT. okulars obieqtivTan aerTebs tubusi. tubusi da sasagne dafa SeiZleba amoZravon xraxnebiT saukeTeso gamosaxulebis misaRebad. dakvirvebisaTvis SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva masalis gamoyeneba (sur. 2), magaliTad, guburidan aRebul wylis wveTs, wyalmcenares an foT-lis anaTals (1) moaTavseben sasagne minis centrSi (2), zemodan daadeben safar minas (3). momzadebul nimuSs dadeben sasagne dafaze da aTvaliereben mikroskopiT.

aqtivoba 4 – `gazomva da wesebi~ /15 wT/rCeva-1 rodesac raimes zomav, monacemi aucileblad unda Caiwero - damaxsovrebuli dagaviwydeba.rCevis Sesabamisi qmedebis simulacia - vipovoT wignis moculoba. amisaTvis gazome wignis sigrZe,

simaRle da sigane, TiToeuli gazmomvis monacemi Caiwere. V= abc… moculoba izomeba sm3, m3 da a.S.rCeva-2 anaTvalis aRebis dros sazom xelsawyos unda Sexedo pirdapir (ara iribad). rCevis Sesabamisi qmedebis simulacia -gazome burTulas (kenWis) moculoba menzuris saSualebiT. Caasxi

menzuraSi sanaxevrod wyali. menzuris danayofi giCvenebs wylis moculobas. danayofs Sexede pirdapir da monacemi Caiwere. Caagde burTula menzuraSi. wylis done aiwevs. kvlav gazome wylis moculoba. danayofs Sexede pirdapir da monacemi Caiwere. am or monacems Soris sxvaoba giCvenebs burTulas moculobas. es monacemic Caiwere. cda Caatare kidev 2-jer. yvelaferi ise gaimeore, rogorc pirvel jerze. gansxvaveba mxolod is iqneba, rom meore da mesame jerze menzuris danayofs Sexedav ara pirdapir, aramed iribad: me-2 jerze qvevidan zeviT (menzura xeliT aswie ise, rom danayofs qvemodan Sexedo), me-3 jerze ki zevidan qve-viT (menzura xeliT daswie ise, rom danayofs zemodan Sexedo). rodesac iangariSeb burTulis moculobas me-2 da me-3 cdaSi.

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maswavlebeli rCeva-2 refleqsiis mizniT 3 kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs:1. ra SemTxvevaSi iyo burTulis moculobis maCvenebeli yvelaze dabali, yvelaze maRali?2. sinamdvileSi burTulis moculoba cdebSi ar icvleboda ratom miiRe gansxvavebuli Sedegi?3. Seni azriT, romeli cdis Sedegia sando? pasuxi ganmarte.



Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazomad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba 2. moswavle msjelobs sxvadasxva sidideebis gazomvisas ra wesebis dacvaa saWiro3. moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis

transfers.

Sefasebis sqema


moswavle ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazo-mad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba

moswavle arasworad ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazomad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba

moswavle arasrulad ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazomad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba

moswavle ZiriTadad ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazomad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba

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moswavle msjelobs sxvadasxva sidideebis gazomvisas ra wesebis dacvaa saWiro

moswavle arasworad msjelobs gazomvi-sas ra wesebis dacvaa saWiro

moswavle arasru-lyofilad saubrobs gazomvis wesebze

moswavle ZiriTadad msjelobs gazomvis wesebze

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moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvi-sas axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxil-visas ver axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganx-ilvisas xarvezebiT axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers


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4.usafrTxoebis dacva

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos Sesabamisi masalis, aRWurvilobis da masalebis gamoy-enebiT Caataros dagegmili cdebis usafrTxoebis wesebze imsjelos


aqtivoba1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:

1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3... prezentacias

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aqtivoba 2 – `usafrTxoebis dacva“ /30 wT/maswavlebeli usafrTxoebis sakiTxs ganixilavs 4 mimarTulebiT; klass yofs 4 jgufad, TiToeul jg

ufs aZlevs erT sakiTxs da saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul masalaze da maT pirad gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT amzadeben saprezentacio plakatebs da akeTeben prezentacias:

1 2 3 4

Cacmuloba da aqsesuarebi gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi qimiuri nivTierebebis gan-Tavsebis wesebi

laboratoriaSi muSaobis usafrTxoebis wesebi

2. gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi

mJangavi

xels uwyobs wvasa da Jangvas

feTqebadsaSiSi

advilad feTqdeba

radiaqtiuri

iwvevs daavadebebs

advilad aalebadi

advilad ekideba cecxli

toqsikuri

iwvevs mowamvlas

mJava, tute

iwvevs damwvrobas

3. qimiuri nivTierebebis ganTavsebis wesebinu Seinaxav nivTierebebs anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT:– msgavsi Tvisebebis mqone nivTierebebi erTad unda ganTavsdes;– aalebadi nivTierebebi specialur saTavsoSi unda inaxebodes;– siTxeebi specialur, aramsxvrevad konteinerebSi unda inaxebodes;– TiToeul nivTierebas unda hqondes etiketi dasaxelebisa da Senaxvis vadis miTiTebiT;– advilad aalebadi da feTqebadi nivTierebebi siTbos wyarodan moSorebiT unda moTavsdes;– momwamvleli nivTierebebi calke, specialur seifSi unda inaxebodes.4. laboratoriaSi muSaobis usafrTxoebis wesebi1) ar SeiZleba nivTierebis xeliT aReba da gemos gasinjva; Tu es aucilebelia, saxelmZRvanelos Ses-

abamis instruqciaSi miTiTebulia iqneba da maswavlebelic dagrTavs nebas. spirtqura, mWreli sagnebi (mag. lancetTan) gamoiyene maswavleblis daxmarebiT. laboratoriaSi muSaoba da cdebis Catareba

2) nivTiereba ar unda daynoso, radgan SeiZleba sasunTqi organoebi dagiziandes. nivTierebis sunis gasagebad, sakmarisia WurWlis zedapiridan haeris nakadi xelis moZraobiT cxvirisken mimarTo

3) Tu nivTiereba SemTxveviT xelze an tansacmelze mogxvda, Camoibane dauyovnebliv didi raodenobis wyliT;

4) qimiuri reaqcia sufTa WurWelSi unda Caataro da nivTierebebi im raodneobiT unda aiRo, rogorc es samuSaos aRweraSi iqneba miTiTebuli;

5) cdis damTavrebis Semdeg darCenili nivTiereba WurWelSi ar Caabruno da sakanalizacio niJaraSi ar Caasxa (moagrove specialur WurWelSi);

6) cdebi, romelTa dros mavne airebi an mZafrsuniani nivTierebebi gamoiyofa, acileblad amwov kara-daSi unda Catardes;

7) dauSvebelia spirtquris anTeba meore spirtquris alze. spirtquris ali mxolod spirtquris sax-uravis – Talfaqis saSualebiT unda Caaqro;

8) samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg gamoyenebuli WurWeli garecxe da samuSao adgili moawesrige.



Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavlem SeZlo dagegmili cdebis Sesabamisi masalis, aRWurvilobis SerCeva.2. moswavlem SeZlo cdis usafrTxod Catarebaze msjeloba.

Aaqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi -5wTmaswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSo

ebi raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi.

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5. rogor xdeba bunebrivi movlenebis Seswavla

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvlevis miznis sesabam-isad mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivobis dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa Segrovebis gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva /wakiTxva/analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.1bun.VII.4.Gaqtivoba 1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /5 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentaciaprezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3. .. prezentacias

Aaqtivoba 2 – kvlevis etapebis siuJeturi gacnoba /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs mimarTavs :– gaixseneT da CamoTvaleT me-6 klasSi Tqven mier Catarebuli kvlevebi. moswavleebi ixseneben.. maswav-

lebeli moswavleebs uambobs maTi Tanatolis mier Catarebul kvlevaze mag;me-7 kl. moswavle akvirdeba romelime qoTnis mcenares da uCndeba kiTxva: aqvs Tu ara mniSvneloba wyals

mcenaris foTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis? moswavle moifiqrebs rogor gaarkvios sakiTxi. is Camoayalibebs kvlevis mizans (ra unda ikvlios, ra kiTxvas gasces pasuxi), SeimuSavebs kvlevis meTods: vTqvaT daakvirdeba ramden foTols ganiviTarebs erTi da igive qoTnis mcenare, rodesac erT qoTanSi mzard mcenares yovel dRe dausxams 50 g. wyals, da meores 100 g. wyals; gadawyvets ra mcenares daakvirdeba, rogor da ra drois ganmavlobaSi daTvlis foTlebis raodenoba. amis Semdeg moswavle Caatarebs cdas da aiRebs monacemebs: daTvlis erT da meore qoTanSi mzardi mcenaris foTlebis raodenobas. Semdeg aanalizebs monacemebs da gamoaqvs dakvna.

maswavlebeli gamoyofs kvlevis etapebskvlevis etapebia: • miznis gansazRvra • kvlevis meTodis SemuSaveba• cdis Catareba, monacemebis aReba• monacemebis analizi• daskvnaAzemoT moyvanili siuJetis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi anxorcieleben kvlevis etapebis siuJetis mon-

akveTebTan dakavSirebas

Aaqtivoba 3 – damokidebuli da damoukidebeli cvladebi /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs isev siuJets axsenebs da aanalizebs _ am SemTxvevaSi saqme gaqvs damoukideb-

el da damokidebul cvladebTan. damoukidebeli cvladia mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba. is icleba, erT SemTxvevaSi 50 g-ia, meoreSi – 100 g. magram es cvlileba ar aris damokidebuli mcenaris foTlebis raodenobaze. damokidebuli cvladia foTlebis raodenoba, is icvleba da Tanac damokidebulia mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenobaze.

maswavlebeli ajamebs masalas:D

Ddamoukidebeli cvladi damokidebuli cvladi

mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba foTlebis raodenoba

Aaqtivoba 4 – modelis Seqmna /10 wT/maswavlebeli: – gaixseneT da CamoTvaleT TqvenTvis nacnobi modelebi. moswavleebi ixseneben.

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maswavlebeli modelirebis aqtivobebs ajgufebs cxrilSi:

struqturis modelireba procesis modelireba

tyis modelisokos modelisaaTis modelida a. S.

wvimis procesis modelireba;niadagis gamoSrobis modelireba;da a. S.

Dda aRniSnavs:bunebrivi movlenis modlis Seqmna (modelireba) saWiroa movlenis TvalsaCinod warmodgenisaTvis.

magaliTad, fizikosebi qmnian frinvelis frTis models, raTa warmoidginon rogor exmareba frTa frin-vels frenaSi.

biologebi qmnian adamianis sxeulis modelebs, raTa naTlad dainaxon rogor arian isini ganlagebuli da erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli sxeulSi. mecnierTa codna da warmodgena bunebrivi movlenebis Sesaxeb viTardeba da Sesabamisad icvleba maT mier Seqmnili modelebic



Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavlem kvlevis mizani Camoyaliba.2. kvlevis miznis Sesabamisad mosazrebebi gamoTqva, aqtivobi dagegma, saTanado xelsawyoebi SearCia. 3. monacemTa Segrovebis gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis

formebi SearCia. 4. gaakeTa analizi SeZlo daskvnis gamotana.


moswavlem Camoay-aliba kvlevis mizani; gamoTqva mosazre-bebi, dagegma aqtivo-bebi, SearCia xelsawy-oebi

moswavlem xarvezebiT Camoayaliba kvlevis mizani; arasworad gamoTqva mosazrebebi, ver dagegma aqtivobebi, ver SearCia xelsawyoebi

moswavlem arasrulad Camoayaliba kvlevis mizani; xarvezebiT gamoTqva mosazrebebi, xarvezebiT dagegma aqtivobebi,arasrulad SearCia xelsawyoebi

moswavlem Camoay-aliba kvlevis mizani; gamoTqva mosazre-bebi, xarvezebiT dagegma aqtivobebi, SearCia xelsawyoebi

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monacemTa Seg-rovebis swori gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis formebi SearCia /waikiTxa/

monacemTa Segrovebis gza SecdomiT airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi ver gaar-Cia, saTanado aRricxvis formebi ver SearCia magram waikiTxa sxvisi Sevsebuli formebi

monacemTa Segrovebis gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi naTlad ver gaarCia, saTanado aRricx-vis formebi SearCia waikiTxa sxvisi Sevse-buli formebi

monacemTa Seg-rovebis gza sworad airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis formebi SearCia

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gaakeTa analizi;SeZlo daskv-nis gamotana

gaakeTa analizi;SeZlo daskvnis gamotana



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moswavle konkre-tuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas axerxebs gakeTvilze nas-wavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis trans-fers

moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxil-visas ver axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvi-sas xarvezebiT axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis transfers


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Aaqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi /5wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSo

ebi raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi.

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6. monacemebis gamosaxva cxrilis da diagramis saxiT

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvlevis miznis sesabam-isad mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivobis dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa Segrovebis gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva /wakiTxva/analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.1bun.VII.4.

aqtivoba1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3... prezentacias

Aaqtivoba 2 – situaciuri amocana /30 wT/maswavlebeli ramdenime situaciur amocanas ganixilavs:situaciuri amocana-1rodesac kvlevas Caatareb da monacemebs miiReb, isini SesaZlebelia gamosaxo diagramis an cxrilis

saxiT. cxrili martivia Tu mxolod erT cvladTan gaqvs saqme. magaliTad ikvlev zRvis wylis Sedgenilobas da gsurs monacemi warmoadgino cxrilis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi cxrili aseTi saxis iqneba:

zRvis wylis Sedgeniloba

wyali marili sxva myari nivTierebebi

situaciuri amocana-2rodesac saqme damokidebul da damoukidebel cvladTan gaqvs, magaliTad, ukve aRweril, mcenareze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi cxrili SesaZlebelia aseTi iyos:

mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba foTlebis raodenoba yvavilobis dawyebisaTvis

100 grami 10

50 grami 4

situaciuri amocana-3monacemebi SegiZlia gamosaxo diagramis saxiT. magaliTad, Cayare 1 l wyalSi 1 g marili da aRricxav

wyalSi marilis gaxsnis dros. cdas akeTeb 2 variantSi: rodesac wyals kovziT mourev da 2. rodesac ar mourev. vertikalur RerZze daitan damokidebul cvlads – marilis wyalSi gaxsnis dros (mag. wm-Si), xolo horizontalur RerZze aRniSnav damoukidebel cvladebs: 1. wylis moreva 2. morevis gareSe

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

21

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situaciuri amocana-4diagrama metad moxerxebulia rodesac akvirdebi movlenebs raRac periodis ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad

akvirdebi rogor izrdeba lobios aRmonaceni garkveul periodSi, magaliTad pirveli foTlis gaSlidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. pirveli foTlis gaSlis dRidan yoveldRiurad zomav aRmonacenis sigrZes niadagis zedapiridan aRmonacenis kenweromde 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. vertikalur RerZze daitan aRmonacenis sigrZis maCveneblebs (mm.-Si) yoveli gazomvis dros, xolo horizontalur RerZze – dakvirvebis dReebs. moZebni vertikalur da horizontalur RerZebze aRebuli monacemebis gadakveTis wertilebs da SeaerTeb maT xaziT. miiReb mruds:

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 2 3 mrudi giCvenebs rom: pirvel dRes aRmonacenis sigrZe iyo 22 mm., meore dRes 25 mm., mesame dRes 28 mm.


Semdegi kriteriumebiT: Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. monacemTa Segrovebis gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis

formebis SearCia. 2. moswavlem konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas moaxerxa gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis

transferi. 3. gaakeTa analizi SeZlo daskvnis gamotana.


monacemTa

Segrovebis swori gza

airCia, mudmivi da

cvladi parametrebi

gaarCia, saTanado

aRricxvis formebi

SearCia /waikiTxa/

monacemTa Segrovebis

gza SecdomiT airCia,

mudmivi da cvladi

parametrebi ver gaarCia,

saTanado aRricxvis

formebi ver SearCia

magram waikiTxa sxvisi

Sevsebuli formebi

monacemTa Segrovebis

gza airCia, mudmivi da

cvladi parametrebi

naTlad ver gaarCia,

saTanado aRricxvis

formebi SearCia

waikiTxa sxvisi

Sevsebuli formebi

monacemTa

Segrovebis gza

sworad airCia,

mudmivi da cvladi

parametrebi gaarCia,

saTanado aRricxvis

formebi SearCia

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moswavle

konkretuli

magaliTebis

ganxilvisas

axerxebs gakeTvilze

naswavli cnebebis

da sakiTxebis

transfers

moswavle konkretuli

magaliTebis ganxilvisas

ver axerxebs gakeTvilze

naswavli cnebebis da

sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle konkretuli

magaliTebis

ganxilvisas

xarvezebiT axerxebs

gakeTvilze

naswavli cnebebis da

sakiTxebis transfers

moswavle

konkretuli

magaliTebis

ganxilvisas

ZiriTadad axerxebs

gakeTvilze

naswavli cnebebis

da sakiTxebis

transfers

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gaakeTa

analizi;SeZlo

daskvnis gamotana

ver gaakeTa analizi;

SeZlo daskvnis gamotana

xarvezebiT gaakeTa

analizi; SeZlo

daskvnis gamotana

gaakeTa analizi;

SeZlo daskvnis

gamotana

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scenarebi fizikaSi8. nivTiereba Sedgeba atomebisa da molekulebisagan

1. gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos nivTierebis atomur-molekulur ageb-ulebaze; ganixilos magaliTebi, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs, aRweros sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebi; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.


aqtivoba1– nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebuleba /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs CamoTvalon Tvisebebi, romelic maT garSemo arsebul sxeulebs

axasiaTebT. moswavleebi iwyeben CamoTvlas: rbili, tkbili, magari, uformo, gamWirvale, mJave ... da a.S.maswavlebeli svams damazustebel kiTxvas – riT aris es gansxvavebebi gamowveuli? ratomaa Saqari

tkbili… marili mlaSe?maswavlebeli iwyebs kognituri sqemis Sesabamis msjelobas: – risgan Sedgeba sxeuli?moswavleebs axsenebs, rom yvela sxeuli nivTierebisgan aris Seqmnili.mini leqcia – nebismieri, cocxali Tu aracocxali sxeuli Sedgeba erTi an ramdenime nivTierebisagan.

magaliTad, kovzi, SeiZleba damzadebuli iyos mxolod erTi nivTierebisgan (vercxlisgan, oqrosgan da a.S.), xolo naTuris dasamzadeblad gamoyenebulia ramdenime nivTiereba (mag., mina da rkina). Seni sxeulis Semadgeneli nivTierebebia magaliTad, wyali, marili, cilebi da sxva. yvela nivTierebas aqvs mkacrad gansazRvruli, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, magaliTad feri, suni, gemo da a.S.

risgan Sedgeba TviTon nivTiereba?mini leqcia – mecnierebma Unawilakebs, romlebisaganac nivTiereba aris agebuli, molekula uwodes.`molekula~ laTinurad niSnavs `mcire masas~. magaliTad, Saqari Sedgeba Saqris molekulebisagan, wyali

– wylis molekulebisagan. molekulis zoma Zalian mcirea. Seecade warmoidgino molekulis zoma.

aqtivoba 2 – Sedarebebi/10 wT/maswavlebeli ganixilavs magaliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs mag. 1sm 3 moculobis myari nivTierebis yvela molekula rom gavamwkrivoT erT xazze, am monakveTis

sigrZe iqneba daaxloebiT dedamiwidan mzemde manZilis toli.

da ukukavSiris mizniT kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs:– ratom ver vxedavT molekulebs SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT?– ra mniSvneloba aqvs mikroskopis gamadideblobas molekulebis SeswavlisTvis?– ra mniSvneloba aqvs eleqtronuli mikroskopiT gadaRebuli fotoebis mixedviT mecnierebi , rom

amzadebem molekulis modelebs?

aqtivoba 3 – savarjiSo vizualur masalaze /10 wT/maswavlebeli- nivTierebis molekulur agebulebas SeiZleba modelis saSualebiTac gavecnoT. suraTe-

bze Cans, rom nivTiereba wyali Sedgeba sami atomisagan, xolo SaqarSi atomebis raodenoba gacilebiT metia. yvela nivTierebas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli atomebis raodenoba. modelidan Cans, rom atomebi erT-maneTTan dakavSirebulia. amitom atomebi garkveul manZilzea erTmaneTisgan ganlagebuli. nivTierebis Tvisebebi imazea damokidebuli Tu ra atomebisagan Sedgeba is da agreTve rogoria maTi raodenoba, maT Soris kavSiri da manZili.

aqtivoba 4 – Sejameba /5 wT/maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils.1. nivTiereba Sedgeba molekulebisagan.2. molekula ar aris nivTierebis yvelaze mcire nawilaki.3. molekulebi Tavis mxriv Sedgebian ufro mcire zomis nawilakebisagan. maT atomebs uwodeben da axdens

moswavleTa provocirebas ... kerZod sTxovs moswavleebs interpretacia gaukeTon TiToeul debulebas.

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aqtivoba 5 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5 wT/gakveTilis saswavlo miznidan da aqtivobebidan gamomdinare maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos moswavle


Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle msjelobs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze; 2. ganixilavs magaliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs, 3. aRwers sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebs.

Sefasebis rubrika


moswavle msjelobs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur ageb-ulebaze;

moswavle araswo-rad msjelobs niv-Tierebis atomur-molekulur ageb-ulebaze

moswavle zogadad da xarvezebiT msj-elobs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze

moswavle msj-elobs nivTierebis atomur-moleku-lur agebulebaze

moswavle warmatebulad msjelobs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze; moyavs adekvaturi magaliTebi

ganixilavs mag-aliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zome-bze miuTiTebs

ver moyavs mag-aliTebi, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs,

xarvezebiT ganixilavs mag-aliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zome-bze miuTiTebs,

ganixilavs mag-aliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs,

warmatebiT ganixi-lavs mravalferovan magaliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atom-ebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs,

aRwers sxvadasxva nivTierebis mod-elebs

ver axerxebs sxvadasxva niv-Tierebis modelebis aRweras

xarvezebiT aRw-ers sxvadasxva niv-Tierebis modelebs

aRwers sxvadasxva nivTierebis mod-elebs

warmatebiT aRwers sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebs

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas1. waikiTxon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqsti da gaiazron Sinaarsi.2. teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi1,

2, 3.

9. nivTierebis myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobagakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvavos myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi

maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) da atomur-molekuluri struqturis mixedviT,standartTTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.8

aqtivoba 1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3 prezentacias.

aqtivoba 2 – kognituri savarjiSo /15 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs axsenebs erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebul, nivTierebis agrebatul mdgomareobas

/myari, Txevadi, airadi/ moyavs wylis magaliTi da sakiTxs kognituri sqemiT warmoadgens:

faqti ra unda iyos amis mizezi?

sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi nivTierebas sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebi aqvs

maswavlebeli sakiTxis gasaazreblad iseTi fizikuri Tvisebebs ixilavs rogoricaa forma da moculoba da moswavleebis daxmarebiT interaqtiurad avsebs sqemas:

46

Txevadi myari airadi

forma icvleba inarCunebs icvleba

moculoba inarCunebs inarCunebs icvleba

sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebis mizezebis asaxsnelad maswavlebeli akeTebs sakiTxebis prezentacias:myari nivTiereba

myari sxeulis Tvisebaa formisa da moculobis SenarCuneba. Znelia misi gaWimva-SekumSva, moRunva, gawyveta da a.S. myari sxeulis Semadgeneli molekulebi ise

axlos imyofebian erTmaneTTan, rom maT Soris manZilebi daaxloebiT TviT molekulis zomis tolia. isini mkacrad gansazRvruli wesiT arian ganlagebulni da erTmaneTis mimarT garkveuli, Znelad Sesacvleli mdebareoba aqvT (sur.2.3.3).

myar sxeulSi molekulebi miizidaven da amavdroulad ganizidaven erTmaneTs. Mizidvaganzidvis Zalebi Zalian Zlieria. Amitom molekulebi TiTqmis ar gadaadgildebian, mxolod irxevian. (sur.2.3.2.a). swored amitom inarCunebs nivTiereba myar agregatul mdgomareobaSi formas da moculobas.

Txevadi nivTiereba

siTxis Tvisebaa SeinarCunos moculoba, magram advilia misi formis Secvla: siTxe miiRebs im WurWlis formas, romelSic mas CavasxamT. magram, amave dros, siTxes moculobas ver

SevucvliT. suraT 2.3.4 –ze naCvenebia Wiqa, romelSic wyali asxia. wyali aris bunebrivi warmoSobis Txevadi nivTiereba (siTxe)

siTxis mTavari Tvisebaa is, rom is denadia. ra aris amis mizezi? siTxeSi, myar agregatul mdgomareo-basTan SedarebiT, molekulebs Soris mizidva odnav

mcirea. amitom molekulebi ufro swrafad irxevian da erTmaneTis mimarT ufro Tavisuflad gadaadg-ildebian, TiTqos erTmaneTze srialeben (sur.2.3.5). amitomaa siTxe denadi da is formas ver inarCunebs. siTxe ar ikumSeba da arc iWimeba.

airadi nivTiereba

airi ver inarCunebs verc formas, verc moculobas.is advilad farTovdeba da mTlianad ikavebs misTvis daTmobil adgils. amis mizezi aris is, rom airis

molekulebs Soris didi Sualedebia da isini Zalian didi siCqariT moZraoben. maT Soris ar moqmedebs urT-ierT mizidvis Zala, amitom Sejaxebis Semdeg isini yvela mimarTulebiT uwesrigod ifantebian da avseben WurWels, romelSic airia moTavsebuli. amitom ar aqvs airs arc forma da arc moculoba. molekulebs Soris didi Sualedis gamo airis SekumSva Tavidan SedarebiT advilia, magram aqvs zRvari. molekulebis erTmaneTTan daaxloebis gamo gaZlierdeba ganzidvis Zala, romelic aRar mogvcems airis Semdgomi SekumSvis saSualebas. erTi nivTierebis sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi Tvisebebis gansxvavebuloba molekulebis moZraobis, maT Soris manZilebis da urTierTqmedebis gansxvavebulobiT aixsneba. sur.2.3.6

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli isev ubrundeba kognituri sqemis meore svets da sTxovs moswavleTa wyvilebs gauziaron erTmaneTs azrebi da daasrulon sqema

moswavleTa wyvilebi akeTeben Sevsebuli sqemis prezentacias

faqti ra unda iyos amis mizezi?

sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi niv-Tierebas sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebi aqvs

nivTierebis molekulebs Soris manZili, molekulebis moZraoba, molekulebs Soris mizidvis da ganzidvis Zalebi gansazRvravs niv-Tierebis agregatul mdgomareobas da nivTierebis fizikur Tvise-bebs/forma, moculoba/

aqtivoba 3 – ra xdeba nivTierebis erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas? /5wT/maswavlebeli mimarTavs mTel klass:– gTxovT, daasruloT Cem mier dawyebuli msjeloba:

erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas icvleba nivTierebis Ffizikuri Tvisebebi imi-tom rom icvleba ...

moswavleebi asruleben maswavleblis mier dawyebul frazas..

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sasurveli pasuxi:erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas icvleba nivTierebis Ffizikuri Tvisebebi imi-

tom rom icvleba: 1. nivTierebis Semadgenel molekulebs Soris manZilebi, 2. molekulebis urTierT ganlageba. 3. molekulebis moZraobis siCqare.

aqtivoba 4 – Sejameba /5 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ajamebs gakveTils moswavlis saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli 5 pos-

tulatis mixedviT.



Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle CamoTvlis da aRwers nivTierebis agregatul mdgomareobas.2. mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculobisa

da formis SenarCuneba) mixedviT.3. mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos atomur-molekuluri struq-

turis mixedviT.

Sefasebis rubrika


moswavle aRwers nivTierebis sam agre-gatul mdgomareobas

moswavle arasworad aRwers nivTierebis sam agregatul mdgo-mareobas

moswavle arasru-lyofilad aRwers nivTierebis sam agre-gatul mdgomareobas

moswavle aRwers niv-Tierebis agregatul sam mdgomareobas

moswavle warmatebiT aRwers nivTierebis sam agregatul mdgo-mareobas

mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareo-bebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculo-bisa da formis Senar-Cuneba) mixedviT

mowavles ar SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareo-bebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculo-bisa da formis Senar-Cuneba) mixedviT

mowavles xarvezebiT SeuZlia myari Txeva-di da airadi mdgo-mareobebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) mixedviT

mowavles ZiriTadad SeuZlia myari Txeva-di da airadi mdgo-mareobebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) mixedviT

mowavles warmatebiT SeuZlia myari Txeva-di da airadi mdgo-mareobebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) mixedviT

mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareo-bebi ganasxvaos atomur-moleku-luri struqturis mixedviT

mowavles ar SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareo-bebi ganasxvaos atomur-moleku-luri struqturis mixedviT

mowavles xarveze-biT SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos atomur-molekuluri struq-turis mixedviT

mowavles ZiriTadad SeuZlia myari Txeva-di da airadi mdgo-mareobebi ganasxvaos atomur-moleku-luri struqturis mixedviT

mowavles warmate-biT SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos atomur-molekuluri struq-turis mixedviT

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3 prezentacias.

48

10. nivTierebis simkvrive simkvrivis praqtikuli mniSvnelobagakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul

gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganu-viTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.


aqtivoba 1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3 prezentacias.

aqtivoba 2 – ra aris simkvrive? /15wT/maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs CamoTvalon maTTvis cnobili fizikuri sidideebimoswavleebi iwyeben dasaxelebas. maswavlebeli am CamonaTvals amatebs „simkvrive“-s da aRniSnavs:nivTierebis simkvrives ganapirobebs nivTierebis molekulebs Soris manZili. nivTiereba miT ufro

mkvrivia, rac ufro axlos arian ganlagebuli erTmaneTTan misi molekulebi.

maswavlebeli isev kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: – ratom iZireba wyalSi spilenZis patara moneta, xolo muxis xis uzarmazari mori ar iZireba?sTxovs wyvilebSi ganixilon sakiTxi da ise upasuxon. moswavleTa pasuxebis Semdeg maswavlebeli ganmar-

tavs:– mizezi is aris, rom: spilenZi wyalze ufro mkvrivia, xolo muxas wyalze naklebi simkvrive aqvs. zustad

imave mizeziT ar iZireba wyalSi yinulis uzarmazari aisbergic.

maswavlebeli isev kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: – SeiZleba Tu ara simkvrivis Secvla?

da moswavleTa gamocdilebis gamoyenebaze dayrdnobiT ganmartavs: simkvrivis Secvla SesaZlebelia sxeulis molekulebs Soris Sualedebis SecvliT.magaliTad, Tu fumfula bambas rodinSi danayav is daitkepneba. am dros Semcirdeba bambis molekulebs

Soris manZili da bamba ufro mkvrivi gaxdeba. simkvrivis Secvla SesaZlebelia sxeulebis gaTbobiT an gacivebiT. am drosac icvleba sxeulis moleku-

lebs Soris manZilebi da Sesabamisad moculobac, amitom simkvrivec icvleba. nivTierebisG simkvrive aseve SeiZleba Seicvalos sxeulSi molekulebis raodenobis SecvliT – am dros

Seicvleba nivTierebis raodenoba, anu masa. sabolood SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna: simkvrive miT metia, rac metia sxeulis masa da miT naklebia,

rac naklebia sxeulis moculoba.

aqtivoba 3 – simkvrivis ganmarteba gamovsaxoT formuliT /10 wT/simkvrive = masa / moculobasomboloebis gamoyenebiT simkvrivis ganmartebaase Caiwereba:ρ=m/V (ρ=simkvrive, m=masa, V=moculoba)


Semdegi kriteriumebiT.

49

Sefasebis kriteriumebi:

1. ganmartavs nivTierebis simkvrives.2. msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze. 3. Sesabamisi cnebebis da formulebis adekvaturad gamoiyeneba amocanebis amosaxsnisas.

Sefasebis rubrika


ganmartavs niv-Tierebis simkvr-ives

arasworad ganmartavs nivTierebis simkvrives

arasrulad ganmartavs niv-Tierebis simkvr-ives

saubrobs ra ganapirobebs simkvrives da ganmartavs

ganixilebs ra kavSiria masas moculo-basa da simkvrives Soris da ganmar-tavs nivTierebis simkvrives;

msjelobs niv-Tierebis simkvri-vis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

arasworad msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

zogadad da xarve-zebiT msjelobs nivTierebis sim-kvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze

msjelobs niv-Tierebis sim-kvrivis praqti-kul gamoyene-baze

msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze - mag. aana-lizebs kvadrociklis sxvadasxva nawilebi sxvadasxva simkvrivis niv-Tiere bisgan damzadebis mizanSe-wonilobas

amocanebis amoxs-nisas iyenebs Ses-abamis cnebebs da formulebs

amocanebis amoxsnisas ver iyenebs Ses-abamis cnebebs da formulebs

amocanebis amox-snisas arasworad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formu-lebs

amocanebis amoxsnisas iyenebs Sesabam-is cnebebs da formulebs

amocanebis amoxsnisas warmatebiT iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formu-lebs

aqtivoba 4 –saSinao davaleba /5wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT.2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1,

2, 3 prezentacias.

50

scenarebi qimiaSi

21. qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili (2 saaTi)

I saaTigakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mec-

niereba; imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze, ganuviTardes komunikaciis da azrovnebis unarebi.

standardtan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.11.

aqtivoba1 – ras niSnavs bunebismetyveleba da ras Seiswavlis igi? /10 wT/

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaixsenon, ras swavlobs bunebismetyveleba:moswavleebi ixseneben da CamoTvlian ...

ras swavlobs

bunebismetyveleba

maswavlebeli sqemaze afiqsirebs moswavleTa pasuxebs da versiebis amowurvis Semdeg moswavleTa CamonaTvals ajgufebs:

magaliTad:

qimia fizika biologia

nivTierebebs... sxeulebs... cocxal organizmebs...

Sejemeba – buneba swored am sam enaze „metyvelebs“ anu yovelgvari cvlileba, rac Cven garSemo xdeba an nivTierebas exeba an sxeuls an cocxal orbanizms, an samives, an or romelimes, an erT-erTs.

aqtivoba 2 – ratom iTvleba qimia uZveles mecnierebad... „istoriebi da faqti“ /10 wT/

maswavlebeli fokusirebas akeTebs terminze „qimia“ moswavleebs acnobs terminis warmomavlobis da istoriis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva istoriul versiebs;

versia 1 - is SeiZleba momdinareobdes egviptis Zveli saxelwodeba „qemi“ dan rac Savs niSnavs da SesaZle-belia mdinare nilosis dablobze niadagis ferTan iyos dakavSirebuli

versia 2 - sityva ZvelberZnulad Serevas niSnavs;versia 3 - sityva Cinuad oqros niSnavs; versia 4 - saxelwodeba „qimia“-s vxvdebiT meCvidmete saukuneSi mefe vaxtang VI-is xelnawer naSromSi

„wigni zeTebis Sezavebisa da qimiis qmnisa“ rogorc istoria iuwyeba mefes sasaxleSi qimiuri laboratoria hqonia mowyobili, sadac igi cdebs atarebda versia 5 - Zvel droSi

cdebze mo muSave adamianebs „alqimikosebs“ uwodebdnen.

faqti, romelic Zalian mniSvnelovaniasaukuneebis ganmavlobaSi adamiani ocnebobda oqros xelovnurad miRebaze. eZebda iseT nivTierebas,

romelic daexmareboda mas Cveulebrivi metali, magaliTad rkina, oqrod eqcia. am cdebze momuSave ada-mianebs `alqimikosebs~ uwodebdnen. marTalia maTi mcdeloba fuWi iyo, magram samagierod, Seiqmna saWiro xelsawyoebi, aRmoaCines bevri sasargeblo nivTiereba, ramac biZgi misca qimiis, rogorc mecnierebis Camoyalibebas.

maswavlebeli ajamebs:

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi tardeboda cdebi.

Seiqmna saWiro xelsawyoebi, aRmoaCines bevri sasargeblo nivTiereba.

es iyo biZgi qimiis rogorc mecnierebis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

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aqtivoba 3 – ratom lpeba xili. ratom mJavdeba rZe?.. /10 wT/maswavlebeli kognitur savarjiSos sTavazobs moswavleebs.. dafaze xazavs kognitur sqemas „movlena-

mizezi-Sedegi“ da moswavleebTan interaqtiuri kiTxva-pasuxis Sedegad avsebs sqemis I da III svets. kerZod maswavlebeli avsebs I xolo moswavleebi amis Sesabamisad III svets

movlena mizezi Sedegi

rZe amJavda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT... mawoni

Rvino daZmarda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT.. Zmari

mwvane foToli gayviTlda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT yviTeli foToli

... ... ...

maswavlebeli – cnobismoyvare adamiani nel-nela codnismoyvare gaxda da qimikosebma daiwyes kvlevebi raTa pasuxi gaecaT:

– ratom yviTldeba foTlebi? – ratom mwifdeba da lpeba xili? – ratom mJavdeba rZe? – ratom Zmardeba Rvino? – ratom iJangeba rkina an sad `qreba~ wyalSi Cayrili marili Tu Saqari?Amaswavlebeli agrZelebs axsnas da saubrobs dakvirvebaze, romelic kvlevis warmatebis erT-erTi

pirobaa.adamiani yovelTvis akvirdeboda mis Tvalwin momxdar cvlilebebsa da maT Sedegebs, da cdilobda yove-

live Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina. magaliTad, iyo dro, roca Weqa-quxilis Sedegad gaCenili cecxli, Tavzars scemda pirvelyofil adamianebs. Semdeg ki maT iswavles cecxlis daxmarebiT saWmlis momzadeba.

aqtivoba 4 – ra daemarTa natriums? /10 wT/

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs daakvirdnen saskolo saxemZRvaneloSi mocemul vizualur masalas, romelic Tanmimdevrulad gamoxatavs nivTiereba natriumis „cvlilebas“ misi wyalSi Cadebidan mis gaqro-bamde..

maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs mimarTavs kiTxvebiT da exmareba maT gaiazron vizualuri masala (suraTi 3) da misi Sesabamisi warwera:

natriumi rbili movercxlis-fero liTonia.

wyalSi natriumis CaSvebisas is amotivtivdeba, wylis zedapirze iwyebs moZraobas, TandaTan zomaSi iklebs da warmoiqmneba airi

natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis pro-cesi dasrulda

kiTxva: ra Tvisebebi aqvs niv-Tiereba natriums?pasuxi: rbilia, movercxlis-froa

kiTxva: wyalTan Sexebisas ra cvlilebas ganicdis nivTiereba natriumi?pasuxi: amotivtivda, amoZravda, dapataravda, airi warmoqmna

kiTxva: aq ra xdeba?pasuxi: araferi natriumi gaqra?..

maswavlebeli jer sityvierad ajamebs Semdeg ki sqematyrad gamoxatavs masalas:1. sityvieri SejamebanivTiereba natriumi ki ar „gaqra“, aramed wyalSi gaixsna da sxva nivTierebad gardaiqmna. Aam gardaqmnas

Tanmxlebi movlenebi axlavs: airis da siTbos gamoyofa. airi kargad Cans, gamoyofili siTbo ki WurWels aTbobs. es WurWelze xelis dadebiTac SeigrZnoba.

2. mokle sityvieri Canaweri da misive sqematuri Canawerinatriums damatebuli wyali gardaiqmneba axal nivTierebad da gamoiyofa siTbo.natriumi + wyali = axali nivTiereba + siTbo

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natriums damatebuli wyali gardaiqmneba axal niv-Tierebad

da gamoiyofa siTbo

natrium + wyali = axali niv-Tiereba

+ siTbo

maswavlebeli ajamebs – am yvelafers swavlobs qimia anu qimia aris sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba romelic swavlobs:

1. nivTierebebis Tvisebebs;2. maT gardaqmnebs;3. am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebs.

qimia Seiswavlis

niTierebebis Tvisebebs nivTierebis gardaqmnebs am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebs

aqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/ maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs moamzadon gakveTili argumentirebuli TxrobiT da Seasrulon

savarjiSoebi.

aqtivoba 6 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5 wT/maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavle seafasos Semdegi kriteriumebiTSefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba 2. msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze

Sefasebis rubrika:

1-3 4-5 6-7 8-10

moswavle ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba da rogo-ria misi ganviTarebis istoria

moswavle ver ganmar-tavs ratom aris qimia sabunebism-etyvelo mecniereba da rogoria misi gan-viTarebis istoria

moswavle xarve-zebiT ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba da rogo-ria misi ganviTarebis istoria

moswavle ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba da rogo-ria misi ganviTarebis istoria

moswavle ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebada moyavs argumentirebuli magaliTebi da rogo-ria misi ganviTarebis istoria

moswavle msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmx-leb movlenebze

moswavle ver axerxebs imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmx-leb movlenebze

moswavle xarve-zebiT msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmx-leb movlenebze

moswavle msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmx-leb movlenebze

moswavle argu-mentirebulad msjelobs nivTiere-bebze, maT gardaqm-nebze da am gardaqm-nebis Tanmxleb mov-lenebze

qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawiliII saaTi

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mec-niereba; imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze, ganuviTardes komunikaciis da azrovnebis unarebi.

standardtan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.11.aqtivoba 1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /15 wT/

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.

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prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod:1. akeTebs TxrobiT momzadebuli gakeTilis prezentacias, aqcents akeTebs faqtebze da ama Tu im mosaz-

rebis dasamtkiceblad moyavs argumentebi.2. warmoadgens momzadebul savarjiSos.

aqtivoba 2 – muSaoba jgufebSi, wyvilebSi /25 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad an akompleqtebs wyvilebs da Tanmimdevrulad aZlevs gakveTi-

lis bolos mocemul 2, 3 4, 5 savarjiSoebs.

savarjiSo „Seavse krosvordi“I etapi savarjiSos micema;II etapi jgufuri muSaoba;III etapi prezentacia.krosvordis kiTxvebi:1. romeli nivTierebiT atkbob Cais?2. romeli nivTiereba amlaSebs sakvebs?3. romeli nivTierebisgan amzadeben qvabebsa da tafebs?4. romel nivTierebas izidavs magniti?5. romeli Txevadi nivTierebis gareSea sicocxlewarmoudgeneli?

savarjiSo „xis merqnis wva“I etapi savarjiSos micema;II etapi jgufuri muSaoba;III etapi prezentacia.

gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT sqematurad:rodesac xe iwvis, miiReba naxSiri da siTbo gamoiyofa?upasuxe: romelia nivTierebis, gardaqmna da romeli _ Tanmxlebi movlena?

savarjiSo – gardaqmna Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlenaI etapi savarjiSos micema;II etapi jg muSaoba;III etapi prezentacia.

gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT pasuxi:– Seni azriT, romeli ufro mniSvnelovania, gardaqmnis saboloo produqti Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlena,

rodesac:a) bunebrivi airi iwvis;b) rZisgan xaWo mzaddeba.

savarjiSo – gaanalizeTI etapi savarjiSos micema;II etapi jgufuri muSaoba;III etapi prezentacia.

gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT argumentirebuli pasuxi:– alqimikosebs rkina rom oqrod gadaeqciaT, es gardaqmna iqneboda Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlena?

aqtivoba 3 – moswavleTa jgufebis urT-erTi Sefaseba /5wT/jgufs SeuZlia sxva jgufuri Seafasos Semdegi kriteriumiT:jgufi msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze.

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scenarebi biologiaSi31. erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi

gakveTilis mizani – moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul erTeulze; sxvadasxva saSualebiT gamosaxos sicocxlis organizaciis doneebi da imsjelos maT Sesaxeb. moxdes Aaz-rovnebis da komunikaciis unarebis ganviTareba.


AI etapi – moswavleTa winare codnis safuZvelze axali masalis axsna

aqtivoba1 – davfiqrdeT-vupasuxoT-vivaraudoT /10wT/maswavlebeli moswavleTa winare codnis aqtivaciisaTvis moswavleebs mimarTavs:– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT adamianis, organizmis organoebi.moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: Tavi, xeli, Tvali, guli da a.S. – gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT vaSlis xis organoebi.moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: fesvi, Rero, foToli, nayofi, yvavili, Tesli.– magaliTad, ganvixiloT fiToli, rogorc vaSlis xis Semadgeneli erT-erTi organo ra nawilebisagan

Sedgeba?moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: yunwisa da firfitisagan.– Tqveni azriT/varaudiT foTlis firfita struqturulad risganaa agebuli? is kidev risgan Sedgeba?moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs/varaudebs...

aqtivoba 2 – jaWvuri Txroba /10 wT/maswavlebeli aRniSnavs – es kiTxva biologiis, rogorc mecnierebis ganviTarebis yvela etapze ain-

teresebdaT mkvlevarebs da gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis Seqmnam uamravi aRmoCenebis saSualeba misca biologebs, manmade ki isini gamoTqvamdnen varaudebs, gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT mravali mecnieris varaudi dadasturda.

Dmaswavlebeli iwyebs jaWvur Txrobas:1. mcenaris foTols mikroskopiT Tu daaTvaliereb, dainaxav, rom foToli patar-patara ganyofile-

bebisagan Sedgeba. TiToeul aseT ganyofilebas ujredi ewodeba. 2. mravalujredian organizmebSi, kerZod sokoebSi, mcenareebsa da cxovelebSi, ujredebis erToblioba

qmnis qsovilebs. 3. qsovilisgan ki iqmneba organizmis organoebi.

Sejameba anu rgolebiT jaWvis Sekvra – `ujredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi~.

Aaqtivoba-3 ujredebis raodenoba da cocxali organizmebi /10wT/ maswavlebeli agrZelebs jaWvur Txrobas da bolos aqtivobas asrulebs kognituri sqemiT:• mikroskopi daexmara mecnierebs cocxali organizmebi daeyo erTujredian da mravalujredian orga-

nizmebad; radgan aRmoaCines, rom arseboben organizmebi, romelTa mTeli sxeuli mxolod erTi ujredia. cxadia, rom es organizmebi Zlier mcire zomis arian. maT erTujrediani organizmebi ewodeba. erTujre-diani organizmebia ameba, qalamana, baqteriebi da sxv.

mecnierebi yovelTvis TanamSromloben: acnobeben xolme erTmaneTs sakuTari dakvirvebis Sesaxeb, cvlian mosazrebebs da erToblivad midian daskvnebamde. sqemaze naCvenebia, rogor mividnen mecnierebi am daskvnamde.

yvela cocxali organizmis sxeuli

ujredebisganaaagebuli

(Teodor Svani)

mcenareebiujredebisgan

Sedgeba(maTias

Sleideni)

cxovelebi ujredebisagan

Sedgeba(Teodor Svani)

uu uu

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sqemis mimoxilva:• germaneli mecnieri maTias Sleideni mikroskopiT daakvirda sxvadasxva saxis mcenares da yvela maT-

ganSi aRmoaCina ujredebi. aman Sleidens SesaZlebloba misca daeskvna, rom mcenareebi ujredebisagan Sedgeba.

• amave periodSi germanelma Teodor Svanma mikroskopiT dainaxa ujredebi cxovelebis organizmSi. amgvarad Svanma daaskvna, rom cxovelebi ujredebisgan Sedgeba.

Aaqtivoba 4 – gakveTilis Sejameba /5wT/1. cocxali organizmebis sxeuli ujredebisganaa agebuli. amitom amboben, rom ujredi yvela cocxali

organizmis agebulebis erTeulia.2. organizmis SedgenilobaSi arsebuli ujredebis raodenobis mixedviT, cocxali arsebebi iyofa erTu-

jredianebad da mravalujredianebad.

cocxali organizmebi

erTujredianebi mravalujredianebi

3. mravalujredian organizmebSi (sokoebSi, mcenareebSi da cxovelebSi) ujredebis erToblioba qmnis qsovils. qsovilisgan iqmneba organoebi.

Aaqtivoba 5 – Sefaseba / 5 wT/maswavlebelma SeiZleba awarmoos ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba. gTavazobT Sefasebis

kriteriumebs, romliTac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Sefaseba.

Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1 moswavles SeuZlia ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul erTeulze msjeloba 2. moswavles SeuZlia sicocxlis organizaciis doneebze msjeloba 3. moswavles SeuZlia terminebis – ujredi,qsovili,organo,organo, erTujrediani, mravalujrediani

- ganmarteba

Aaqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi`

ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeulia~ da moamzadon TxrobiT. yuradReba gaamaxvilon terminebze:

• ujredi, • qsovili, • organo, • erTujrediani, • mravalujrediani

gakveTilze miRebuli codnis ganmtkicebis mizniT moswavleebs avalebs gaakeTon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi.

32. ujredi – qsovili – organo - organizmi

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos da sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamosaxos sicocx-lis organizaciis doneebi: ujredi, qsovili, organo, organizmi Mmoxdes Aazrovnebis da komunikaciis unarebis ganviTareba.

standartTan Sesabamisoba- bun.VII.5

aqtivoba1 – davfiqrdeT-vupasuxoT-vivaraudoT /10wT/maswavlebeli moswavleTa winare codnis aqtivaciisaTvis moswavleebs mimarTavs:– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT adamianis, organizmis organoebi.

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moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: Tavi, xeli, Tvali, guli.. daS – gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT vaSlis xis organoebi.moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: fesvi, Rero, foToli, nayofi, yvavili, Tesli– magaliTad ganvixiloT fiToli, rogorc vaSlis xis Semadgeneli erT-erTi organo ra nawilebisagan

Sedgeba?moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: yunwisa da firfitisagan– Tqveni azriT/varaudiT foTlis firfita struqturulad risganaa agebuli? is kidev risgan Sedgeba?moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs/varaudebs...

aqtivoba 2 – jaWvuri Txroba /10 wT/maswavlebeli aRniSnavs – es kiTxva biologiis, rogorc mecnierebis ganviTarebis yvela etapze ain-

teresebdaT mkvlevarebs da gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis Seqmnam uamravi aRmoCenebis saSualeba misca biologebs... manmade ki isini gamoTqvamdnen varaudebs. gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT mravali mecnieris varaudi dadasturda.

Dmaswavlebeli iwyebs jaWvur Txrobas:1. mcenaris foTols mikroskopiT Tu daaTvaliereb, dainaxav, rom foToli patar-patara ganyofile-

bebisagan Sedgeba. TiToeul aseT ganyofilebas ujredi ewodeba. 2. mravalujredian organizmebSi, kerZod sokoebSi, mcenareebsa da cxovelebSi, ujredebis erToblioba

qmnis qsovilebs. 3. qsovilisgan ki iqmneba organizmis organoebi.

Sejameba anu rgolebiT jaWvis Sekvra Sejameba – `ujredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi~naTqvami SeiZleba sqemis saxiTac gamovsaxoT. magaliTad:

uu uugulis kunTis ujredebi

qsovili guli

mcenaris foTlis ujredebi qmnian qsovils, romlisaganac iqmneba foToli. igive iTqmis mcenareebis sxva organoebis – Reros, fesvis Tu yvavilis Sesaxeb.

aqtivoba 3 – /10 wT/maswavlebeli akeTebs kognituri/azrobrivi sqemis prezentacias:1. verbalurad organoebis erToblioba qmnis sxeuls - organizms. 2. vizualurad magaliTad, adamianis, ZaRlis, cxenis SemTxvevaSi sqematurad es ase gamoisaxeba:

organizmi

(sxeuli)uu uu

uu

uuuu

uu

uu

uu

uukunTebi

Zvlebi

kani

guli

tvini

Tirkmeli

kuWi

filtvi

sakvercxesaTesle

aqtivoba 4 – ujredebis raodenoba da cocxali organizmebi /5wT/maswavlebeli – mikroskopi daexmara mecnierebs cocxali organizmebi daeyo erTujredian da mravalu-

jredian organizmebad; radgan aRmoaCines rom arseboben organizmebi, romelTa mTeli sxeuli mxolod erTi ujredia. cxadia, rom es organizmebi Zlier mcire zomis arian. maT erTujrediani organizmebi ewodeba. erTujrediani organizmebia ameba, qalamana, baqteriebi da sxv.

ameba, qalamana, evglena, baqteriebi erTujredianebi arian. amitom maT ar aqvT qsovilebi da organoebi, maTi ujredi Tavad warmoadgens organizms.

moswavleebi – saxelmZRvaneloSi aTvaliereben erTujrediani organizmebis fotoebs da iazreben rom

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amebas ujredi amavdroulad misi organizmia.



Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. moswavle ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs.2. moswavle fizikur sidideebs – dro, masa, sigrZe. erTeulebs warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTaSoriso


transfers. A

Sefasebis kriteriumebi:

1. moswavle msjelobs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebze;2. moswavle sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamosaxavs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebs / ujredi, qsovili,

organo, organizmi/

Sefasebis sqema


moswavle msjelobs sicocxlis orga-nizaciis doneebze

moswavle arasworad msjelobs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebze

moswavle xarvezebiT msjelobs sicocx-lis organizaciis doneebze

moswavle ZiriTadad sworad msjelobs sicocxlis organiza-ciis doneebze

srulyofilad

Mmoswavle sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamo-saxavs sicocxlis organizaciis donee-bs/ ujredi, qsovili, organo, organizmi/

Mmoswavle ver axerxebs sxvadasxva saSualebe-biT gamosaxos sicocx-lis organizaciis doneebi

Mmoswavle xarve-zebiT axerxebs sxvadasxva saSu-alebebiT gamosaxos sicocxlis orga-nizaciis doneebi

Mmoswavle ZiriTadad axerxebs sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamo-saxos sicocxlis orga-nizaciis doneebi

srulyofilad

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi moamza-

don TxrobiT. yuradReba gaamaxvilon terminebze:• ujredi • qsovili • organo • erTujrediani • mravalujrediani da Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi.

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33. ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis funqciuri da ganviTarebis erTeulia

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul erTeulze moxdes Aazrovnebis da komunikaciis unarebis ganvi-Tareba.

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.5Aaqtivoba 1 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis struqturuli erTeuli /5wT/maswavlebeli iwyebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis Sevsebas;Tavdapirvelad avsebs sqemis pirvel svets:

ujredi, rogorc organizmis struqturuli erTeuli

ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli

ujredi, rogorc organizmis ganviTarebis erTeuli

kunTis ujredebi qmnian kunTsneironebi qmnian tvins da a.S.

Aaqtivoba 2 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli /15wT/maswavlebeli agrZelebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis meore svetis Sevsebas:

ujredi, rogorc organizmis

struqturuli erTeuli

ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli ujredi, rogorc organizmis

ganviTarebis erTeuli

kunTis ujredebi qmnian kunTsneironebi qmnian tvins da a.S.

kunTis ujredebs aqvT SekumSvis unari. maTi erToblivi SekumSva iwvevs organos – kunTis SekumSvas. amgvarad kunTis ujredebi ara marto qmnian kunTs, aramed ganapirobeben mis funqcias.neironebis cxovelqmedeba ganapirobebs tvinis funqcias. amgvarad neironebi ara marto qmnian tvinis qsovils da Sesabam-isad tvins, aramed uzrunvelyofen mis funqcias.

Aaqtivoba 3 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis ganviTarebis erTeuli /10wT/maswavlebeli agrZelebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis mesame svetis Sevsebas:

ujredi, rogorc organizmis

struqturuli erTeuli

ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli

ujredi, rogorc organizmis ganviTarebis erTeuli

kunTis ujredebi qmnian kunTs neironebi qmnian tvinsdaS

kunTis ujredebs aqvT SekumSvis unari. maTi erToblivi SekumSva iwvevs organos – kunTis SekumSvas. amgvarad kunTis ujredebi ara marto qmnian kunTs, aramed ganapirobeben mis funqcias. neironebis cxovelqmedeba gana-pirobebs tvinis funqcias. amgvarad neironebi ara marto qmnian tvinis qsovils da Sesabamisad tvins, aramed uzrunvelyofen mis funqcias.

erTujredianebis, magaliTad amebas ujredi iyofa da warmoqmnis or axal –Svileul ujreds. amgvarad ujredis gayofa uzrunvelyofs amebas gamravlebis funq-cias. cxovelebs da mcenareebs, aqvT gansa-kuTrebuli ujredebi – sasqeso ujredebi, romlebisganac axali organizmi warmoiqm-neba. amgvarad sasqeso ujredebi uzrunve-lyofen cocxali organizmebis gamravlebis funqcias.

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Aaqtivoba 4 – refleqsia /5wT/maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils:

ujredi

cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeuli

cocxali organizmis ganviTarebis erTeuli

cocxali organizmis funqciuri erTeuli

aqtivoba 5 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5wT/1. moswavle ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs.2. moswavle fizikur sidideebs – dro, masa, sigrZe. erTeulebs warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTaSoriso


transfers. ASefasebis kriteriumi: moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, fun-

qciur da ganviTarebis elementarul erTeulze.


moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organiz-mis struqturul, erTeulze

moswavles ar Seu-Zlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struq-turul, erTeulze

moswavles Seu-Zlia xarvezebiT imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organiz-mis struqturul, erTeulze

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organiz-mis struqturul, erTeulze; moiyvanos magaliTebi

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organiz-mis struqturul, erTeulze; moiyvanos magaliTebi

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis funqciur erTeulze

moswavles ar Seu-Zlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis fun-qciur erTeulze

moswavles SeuZlia zogadad imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis fun-qciur erTeulze

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis funqciur erTeulze da moiyvanos mag-aliTebi

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis funqciur erTeulze da moiyvanos mag-aliTebi

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5wT/maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi moamza-

don TxrobiT da Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi.

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8. Semajamebeli testebi

fizika

1. SI sistemaSi sigrZis ZiriTadi sazomi erTeulia: a) erTi metri; b) erTi kilometri; g) erTi milimetri; d) erTi santimetri.

2. SI sistemaSi drois sazomi ZiriTadi erTeulia: a) wami ; b) wuTi; g) saaTi; d) weli.

3. SI sistemaSi masis ZiriTadi sazomi erTeulia: a) grami; b) kilogrami; g) tona; d) miligrami .

4. romeli gamafrTxilebeli niSani miuTiTebs radiaciul safrTxes?

a) b) g)

d) e) v)

5. romeli gamafrTxilebeli niSani miuTiTebs toqsikur safrTxes?

a) b) g)

d) e) v)

6. romelia nivTierebis umciresi nawilaki: a) atomi; b) molekula; g) namceci.

7. ramdeni agregatuli mdgomareoba arsebobs : a) 1 b) 2 g) 3 d) 5

8. romeli formula gamosaxavs simkvrives: a) F=mg b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L0 d) Fdr= -kX

9. ra aris difuzia: a) qvemodan zeviT mimarTuli Zala; b) erTi nivTierebis meoreSi Sereva; g) erTi nivTierebis meorisagan gancalkeveba; d) horizontalurad mimarTuli Zala.

10. romel agregatul mdgomareobaSi mimdinareobs difuzia yvelaze swrafad: a) myarSi; b) TxevadSi; g) airadSi; d) yvelaSi erTnairad.

11. ra saxis Zalebi ici: a) vertikaluri da horizontaluri; b) distanciuri da kontaqturi; g) marjvena da marcxena; d) magari da rbili; e) skalaruli da veqtoruli.

61

12. rogori sididea Zala: a) vertikaluri ; g) marjvena; d) magari da rbili ; e) veqtoruli.

13. romeli Zala iwvevs nayofis vardnas miwaze: a) xaxunis; b) drekadobis; g) simZimis; d) dartymis.

14. romeli Zalaa meti: a) uZraobis xaxunis; b) srialis xaxunis;g) drekadi xaxunis; d) plastikuri xaxunis.

15. CamoTvlilTagan romelia kontaqturi Zala: a) gravitaciuli; b) xaxunis; g) simZimis; d) magnituri.

16. rogor SevamciroT xaxuni:a) wonis gazrdiT; b) wonis SemcirebiT; g) urTierT Sexebis farTobis gazrdiT; d) urTierT Sexebis farTobis SemcirebiT. 17. CamoTvlilTagan romeli Zala aRudgens drekad sxeuls formas: a) xaxunis; b) drekadobis; g) simZimis ; d) dartymis.

18. romeli formula gamosaxavs hukis kanons: a) p=F/S; b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L0 d) Fdr= -kX

19. romeli formula gamosaxavs wnevas: a) p=F/S b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L0 d) Fdr=-kX

20. romeli ganmarteba asaxavs paskalis kanons:a) rac metia deformaciis Zala, miT metia drekad sxeulSi aRZruli drekadobis Zala;b) airSi da siTxeSi CaZirul sxeulze moqmedebs amomgdebi Zala; g) siTxeSi da airSi wneva yvela mimarTulebiT erTnairad gadaecema;d) xaxunis Zala ar aris damokidebuli urTierT Sexebis farTobze.

21. romelia ziarWurWeli: a) boTli; b) Wiqa; g) Caidani; d) TefSi.

22. ra ganapirobebs amomgdebi Zalis arsebobas: a) xaxuni; b) gravitacia; g) maRali wneva; d) temperatura.

62

qimia

1. mocemuli niSani gafrTxilebs, rom: a) xels uwyobs wvasa da Jangvas;b) azianebs kansa da Tvalebs;g) toqsikuria.

2. qalaqSi eleqtroenergias sami eleqtrosadguri gamoimuSavebs. romel eleqtrosadgurSi gamo-muSavdeba eleqtroenergia qimiuri gardaqmnis Sedegad:

a) qvanaxSirze momuSave eleqtrosadgurSi;b) qaris eleqtrosadgurSi;g) hidroeleqtrosadgurSi.

3. gafiltvriT SeiZleba ganvacalkevoT im xsnaris Semadgeneli komponentebi, romelic Sedgeba:a) walSi xsnadi myari nivTierebebisagan;b) erTmaneTSi uxsnadi siTxeebisgan;g) wyalSi uxsnadi myari nivTierebisagan.

4. zRvis wylidan sufris marilis miReba SeiZleba:a) amoSrobiT;b) gafiltvriT;g) dawdomiT.

5. romeli movlenaa qimiuri:a) Saqris gafxviereba;b) Caidnis Tavsaxurze wylis wveTebis warmoqmna;g) sanTlis wva.

6. fizikuri movlenis dros ar icvleba nivTierebis:a) molekulebs Soris manZili;b) molekula;g) forma da zoma.

7. kiriani wylis amRvreva imis maCvenebelia, rom qimiuri reaqciis Sedegad:a) gamoiyo airi;b) warmoiqmna naleqi;g) gamoiyo sinaTle.

8. arasworia msjeloba, rom foTlis wvis dros:a) foTlis masa mcirdeba;b) airadi produqtebi gamoiyofa;g) irRveva masis mudmivobis kanoni.

9. wvis aucilebeli pirobaa, nivTierebis:a) aalebis temperaturamde gaxureba;b) galRoba;g) daqucmaceba.

10. ra ganapirobebs daxarjuli Jangbadis aRdgenas haerSi:a) wva;b) difuzia;g) fotosinTezi.

11. limonaTis boTlis gaxsnisas airi gamoiyofa, radgan:a) airis xsnadoba izrdeba wnevis SemcirebiT;b) airis xsnadoba izrdeba wnevis gazrdiT;g) airis xsnadoba mcirdeba wnevis SemcirebiT.

63

12. sanTlis wvis dros gamoiyofa:a) wyali;b) wyali da naxSirorJangi;g) naxSirorJangi.

13. natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis reaqcias axlavs:a) siTbos STanTqma; b) feris da sunis Secvla;g) siTbos da airis gamoyofa.

14. molekulis modelebidan romeli Seesabameba wylis molekulas:

a) b) g)

15. marmarilos ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawilia nivTiereba:a) marilmJava;b) natriumis hidroqsidi;g) kalciumis karbonati,

16. kirian wyals amRvrevs nivTiereba:a) naxSirorJangi;b) Jangbadi;g) wyali.

17. Jangbadis areSi mbJutavi kvari:a) abrialdeba;b) Caqvreba;g) araferi mouva.

18. mJavis Sesaxeb romeli mtkicebulebaa mcdari:a) mJava neitraldeba fuZiT;b) mJava fuZesTan urTierTqmedebs marilisa da wylis warmoqmniT;g) mJava fuZesTan urTierTqmedebs naxSirorJangisa da wylis warmoqmniT.

19. ra ferisaa iisferi lakmusis qaRaldi neitralur xsnarSi:a) wiTeli;b) lurji;g) iisferi.

20. ras udris fuZis xsnaris pH:a) pH 7b) pH 14g) pH 1

64

biologia

1. ujreduli Teoriis Tanaxmad ujredi aris:a) cocxali organizmebis agebulebis erTeuli;b) cocxali da aracocxali sxeulebis agebulebis erTeuli;g) qimiuri nivTierebebis agebulebis erTeuli.

2. birTvi moTavsebulia:a) mcenareuli ujredis vakuolSi;b) ujredis citoplazmaSi;g) ujredis garsSi.

3. cxoveluri da mcenareuli ujredi gansxvavdeba imiT rom:a) cxovelur ujreds ar aqvs qloroplastebi;b) mcenareul ujreds ar aqvs ujredis kedeli;g) cxovelur ujreds ar aqvs vakuoli.

4. mitoqondriebis funqcia aris:a) sakvebisagan energiis miReba;b) mzis energiis gamoyeneba;g) sakvebi nivTierebebis warmoqmna.

5. qloroplastebis funqcia aris:a) sakvebisagan energiis miReba;b) mzis energiis gamoyeneba;g) sakvebi nivTierebebis warmoqmna.

6. organos agebuleba swori TanmimdevrobiT SesaZlebelia ase warmovadginoT:a) organo-ujredi-qsovili;b) qsovili-ujredi-organo;g) ujredi-qsovili-organo.

7. ubirTvo organizmebia:a) protistebi;b) eukariotebi;g) prokariotebi.

8. baqteriebi miekuTvneba:a) monerebis samefos;b) protistebis samefos;g) arqebaqteriebis samefos.

9. ameba miekuTvneba:a) protistebis samefos;b) umartivesebis samefos;g) cxovelebis samefos.

10. umartivesebs miekuTvneba:a) evglena;b) qalamana;g) cianobaqteriebi.

11. ZaRli miekuTvneba:a) ZuZumwovrebis samefos;b) cxovelebis klass;g) ZuZumwovrebis klass.

65

12. vardi miekuTvneba:a) yvavilovan mcenareebs;b) gvimrebs; g) xavsebs.

13. sruli metamorfozis SemTxvevaSi, axalSobili organizmi:a) gavs mSobels;b) ar gavs mSobels;g) rCeba ganuviTarebeli.

14. amfibiebis klass miekuTvneba:a) Cxriala gveli;b) kobri;g) salamandra.

15. amnioni axasiaTebs:a) ZuZumwovrebs;b) Tevzebs;g) mwerebs.

16. lokokina ekuTvnis:a) mwerebs;b) moluskebs;g) obobisnairebs.

17. butko da mtvriana aris mcenaris:a) vegetaturi gamravlebis organo;b) sqesobrivi gamravlebis organo;g) sakvebidan energiis misaRebi organo.

18. fesviT gamravleba aris:a) sqesobrivi gamravlebis nairsaxeoba;b) niadagidan wylis Sewovis saSualeba;g) usqeso gamravlebis nairsaxeoba.

19. cocxal ujredze dakvirvebisTvis iyeneben:a) mikroskops;b) dinamometrs;g) saxazavs.

20. cocxali organizmebis jgufebad gaerTianeba xdeba:a) maT mier dakavebuli sacxovrebeli teritoriis farTobis mixedviT;b) maT Soris agebulebaSi msgavsebis mixedviT;g) maT Soris fizikur sidideebSi – Zalasa da wonaSi msgavsebis mixedviT.

66

testis pasuxebi

fizika qimia Bbiologia

1. a 1. g 1. a

2 .a 2. a 2. b

3. b 3. g 3. a

4. g 4. a 4. a

5. e 5. g 5. b

6. b 6. b 6. g

7. g 7. b 7. g

8. b 8. a 8. a

9. b 9. a 9. a

10. g 10. g 10. b

11. b 11. g 11. b

12.e 12. b 12. a

13 g 13. g 13. b

14. a 14. g 14. g

15. b 15. g 15. b

16. b 16. a 16. b

17 b 17. a 17. b

18. d 18. g 18. g

19. a 19. b 19. a

20. g 20. 14 20. b

21. g

22. b

67

9. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis pasuxebi

Sesavali2. skalari da veqtori (gv. 9)

pasuxebi:1. savaraudod CamoTvlian: saxazavi – sigrZis sazomi, saswori-masis sazomi, saaTi (wammzomi) – drois sazomi.2. monacemebi ar iqneba erTnairi, radgan moswavleebis fanqrebi ar iqneba erTi zomis. es uCvenebs, rom sazomi erTeuli da sazomi xelsawyo unda iyos yvelasTvis erTnairi. am SemTxvevaSi jobda saxazavis gamoyeneba.3. fuli skalaria, mimarTuleba ar aqvs, aqvs mxolod sidide4. 5. orive SemTxvevaSi isari mimarTuli iqneba adamianisagan karisaken. mesis SDemTxvevaSi isari ufri grZeli iqneba, radgan mesi ufro Zlier daartyams burTs, vidre meSvideklaseli. SeniSvna: naxatis xarisxs yuradRebas nu miaqcevT, mTavaria veqtoris sworad gamosaxva.

4. usafrTxoebis dacva (gv. 14)

pasuxebi:1. niSnebis ganxilvis dros unda daasaxelon, Tu ras aRniSnavs TiToeuli maTgani (rogorc teqstSia) da daadasturon am niSnebis codnis aucilebloba. niSnebis gaazrebaSi daexmarebaT maswavleblebi, radgan moswavleebma jer maT Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi ician. am etapze (SesavalSi) Jangva sakmarisia uTxraT, rom mJangavi nivTierebebi iwveven sagnebis daJangvas, magaliTad rkinisgan damzadebuli sagnebi kargavs bzinvarebas da fuWdeba. wvis xelSemwyobi nivTierebebi ki iwveven xanZris warmoqmnas da gavcelebas. afeTqebas moyveba ngreva, adamianebis da sxva cocxali arsebebis sxeulis dazianeba an sikvdili. radiaq-tiuri da momwamvleli nivTierebic iwveven mZime daavadebas an sikvdils, advilad aalebad nivTierebebs cecxli advilad ekideba (magaliTad, spirti) saSiSia xanZris gaCenis TvalsazrisiT, mJavas an tutes SeuZlia daazianos kani an Sinagani organoebi (Tu sxeulSi SigniT moxvda). kidev erTxel vimeorebT, rom am etapze es informacia sakmarisia.2. savaraudod naxavs im xelsawyoebs rac saxelmZRvaneloSia naCvenebi. fizikis xelsawyoebidan Segi-ZliaT aCvenoT dinamometri, romelic sasworad gamoiyeneba. sxva, ufro rTuli xelsawyoebi am etapze saWiro ar aris.3. sworia I da II.

5. rogor xdeba bunebrivi movlenebis Seswavla (gv. 15)

pasuxebi:1. awonis Rers dawvamde da dawvis Semdeg da Seadarebs monacemebs. Tu aris monacemebs Soris sxvaoba, maSasadame masa Secvlila, Tu ar aris sxvaoba – masa ar Secvlila.2. moswavleebi advilad xvdebian, rom qveda suraTze naCveneb modelSi burTulebi ufro axlosaa erT-maneTTan ganlagebuli.

6. monacemebis gamosaxva cxrilisa da diagramebis saxiT (gv. 17)

pasuxebi:1. pasuxi winaswar SeuZlebelia. principi mdgo-mareobs sasworis monacemis aRebasa da cxrilSi SetanaSi.2. haeris temperaturas martSi, aprilSi, maisSi martSi 100C, aprilSi 150C da maisSi 200C.3. vertikalur RerZze-haeris temperatura (0C), horizontalurze Tveebi: 1– agvisto, 2 – seqtem-beri, 3-oqtomberi

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3

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7. venis diagrama (gv. 19)

pasuxebi:1. jon venis sapativcemulod.2. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba 5 sarTuli, 300 fanjara, 70 kari, gansxvavebebSi stumrebis raodenoba (erTSi 200, meoreSi 150).3. pasuxi winaswar ver moxerxdeba. principi mdgomareobs WurWlis cal-calke awonvasa da monacemebis martiv SedarebaSi. aq yuradReba eqceva, rom moswavle mieCvios monacemebis Caweras.4. sagnis moculobis gamosaTvlelad, sanam sagans (survilisamebr- saSleli, fanqari, sxv.) wyalSi Caagdebs, menzuris danayofis mixedviT afiqsirebs wylis dones, sagnis Cagdebis Semdeg kvlav afiqsirebs wylis dones. doneTa Soris sxvaoba uCvenebs sagnis moculobas. danayofebs unda Sexedos pirdapir da ara iribad.5. kibeze asvlisTvis patara isari 8-is maCvenebel danayofze qvemoT miuTiTebda, iatakze mjomisTvis – 8-is maCvenebel danayofze zemoT. arasworad iRebdnen monacems: unda SeexedaT saaTis isrisTvis pirdapir, ara iribad6. ar unda gaesinjaT gemo maswavleblis nebarTvis gareSe.7. aorTqleba-Rrublis warmoqmna-wvima.

69

fizika

8. nivTiereba Sedgeba atomebisa da molekulebisgan (gv. 22)

pasuxebi:1. rkina da wyali.2. burTulebi. 3. atomebi molekulebi nivTiereba sxeulebi.

9. nivTierebis myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi (gv. 25)

pasuxebi: 2. a) 3. saerToa moculoba, gansxvavebaa: myars – mudmivi forma, Txevads – ara. 4. radgan molekulebsa da atomebs Soris aris Sualedebi, amis mtkiceba swori ar iqneba.

10. nivTierebis simkvrive. simkvrivis praqtikuli mniSvneloba (gv. 29)

pasuxebi: 1. winaswar ver vupasuxebT.2. gamiznulad. saburavi unda iyos elastiuri, korpusi – mtkice, sawvavi – denadi.

11. difuzia (gv. 31)

pasuxebi: 1. a) 2. haerSi, radgan is airia.3. myar sxeulebSi difuzia Zalian nela mimdinareobs.

12. Zala da misi gazomva (gv. 34)

pasuxebi: 1. rkina, nikeli, kobalti. 2. saerToa orive Zalaa, gansxvaveba: erTs SexebiT, meores – Sexebis gareSe.3. b)

13. simZimis da xaxunis Zala (gv. 38)

pasuxebi: 1. sferos (burTis) formis. 2. amuSavebs hidroeleqtro sadgurebs. 3. moxaxune zedapirebs Soris Seyvanili sapoxi amcirebs xaxuns. 4. uZraobis xaxunis gareSe manqanis borbali isrialebs da manqana ver amoZravdeba;

uZraobis xaxunis gamo manqanis borblebi cvdeba; 5. ver vivliT, xelSi verafers daviWerT, qsovils ver movqsovT, 6. TviTmfrinavsa da haers Soris; frinvelsa da haers Soris. 7. tani unda daxaros win, fexiT unda miawves gzas, xaxunis Zala mimarTuli unda iyos fexis miwolis sapirispirod.8. samive Zala unda iyos momarTuli naCvenebi mimarTulebebis sapirispirod.

14. drekadobis Zala. hukis kanoni (gv. 42)

pasuxebi: 1. ara, imitom, rom gareSe Zalis moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg is formas ver aRidgens. 2. 1n. 3. 5sm. 4. 5000n/m.

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15. wneva. wnevis gadacema myar sxeulebSi (gv. 45)

pasuxebi: 1. zemodan tvirTis damatebiT. 2. dawolis SemcirebiT, an farTobis gazrdiT. mag., manqanis saburavebis odnavi daSvebiT wneva gzaze Semcirdeba. 3. raTa is ficriT daawves yinuls da amiT Seamciros wneva yinulze. 4. blagvi dana purze imoqmedebs naklebi wneviT. 5. saTiTe amcirebs wnevas TiTze. 6. 5*10-4n. 7. 1.33*104pa. 8. gaivlis.

16. paskalis kanoni (gv. 50)

pasuxebi: 1. gacxelebiT. 2. paskalis kanonis Tanaxmad.

17. wneva siTxeebSi. ziarWurWeli (gv. 52)

pasuxebi: 1. ara. simkvriveTa sxvaobis gamo. 3. 1.03*107 pa. 4. wneva wyalSi = 10000pa; wneva navTSi = 8000pa; wneva vercxliswyalSi =136000pa. 5. dedamiwis mizidulobis Zala. 6. pirvel sarTulze wneva 27-jer metia.

18. paskalis kanoni praqtikaSi (gv. 56)

pasuxebi: 1. 4-jer 2. 20000n. asjer. 3. wneva milis SigniT da gareT gaTanabrdeba.

19. siTxisa da airis moqmedeba maTSi CaZirul sxeulebze. atmosferuli wneva (gv. 58)

pasuxebi: 1. zeviT afrenisas atmosferuli wneva ecema. arahermetuli safreni aparatidan moxdeba haeris gaJonva. 2. atmosferul wnevas qmnis dedamiwis mizidulobis Zala.

20. arqimedes kanoni. sxeulebis curva (gv. 60)

pasuxebi: 1. amomgdeb Zalas ganapirobebs dedamiwis mier wylisa da haeris mizidvaA. 2. dairRveva, radgan maT aqvT sxvadasxva simkvrive da Sesabamisad sxvadasxva iqneba maTze momqmedi amomgdebi Zalebi. 3. 20n. 4. 2n. 5. 8-jer. 7. mariliani wyali ufro mkvrivia. 8. Tu maTi moculobebi tolia maTze imoqmedebs 13.6-jer meti amomgdebi Zala. 9. amomgdebi Zala gaizrdeba. 10. arc erTi ar Seicvleba.

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qimia21. qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili (gv. 64)

pasuxebi1. am savarjiSosaTvis damatebiTi informacia:Tanamedrove adamiani winaprisgan gansxvavebiT, tansac-melis dasamzadeblad axal teqnologiebsa da masalas iyenebs.2. krosvordis pasuxebi:

1. Saqari; 2. marili; 3. alumini; 4. rkina; 5. wyali3. nivTierebis gardaqmna: xis dawviT naxSiri miiReba Tanmxlebi movlena:siTbo da sinaTle4. a)Tanmxlebi movlena:siTbo da sinaTle b)gardaqmna:xaWos miReba5. gardaqmnadamatebiTi informacia: 676 wels Zvelma berZnebma arabi dampyroblebis gemebi „qimiuri cecxliT“ gadawves.„qimiuri cecxli“ Txevadia da wyalSi ar qreba. am faqtiT gaocebulma arabebma qimiis Seswavla daiwyes da mas „alqimia“ uwodes.

22. movlenebi (gv. 67)

pasuxebi1. a) forma,zoma, nivTiereba b) forma, agregatuli mdgomareoba, nivTiereba (2 xazi gausvaT) - Seicvala forma,zoma, agregatuli mdgomareoba. ar Seicvala nivTiereba . - saqme gvaqvs fizikur movlenasTan.2. g)3.

fizikuri movlena qimiuri movlena

puris daWratotebis daqucmaceba

xorcis Sewvarkinis daJangvaxis dawvaSuSxunis wva

Q

23. qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da pirobebi (gv. 70)

pasuxebi1. b); d)2. g)3. namcxvris an nebismieri kerZis dasamzadeblad viyenebT ramdenime nivTierebas, romlis erTmaneT-Tan Serevis Sedegad viRebT erTgvarovan an araerTgvarovan narevs (fizikuri procesia), magram Tu am Serevas axlavs qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi, magaliTad airis gamoyofa , naleqis warmoqmna am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs qimiur reaqciasTan, ris Sedegadac miiReba axali nivTiereba. diasaxlisebi namcxvris momza-debisas coms mawvnisa da saWmeli sodis narevs amateben. ris Sedegadac airis buStulebi gamoiyofa da mawoni fuvdeba. miRebuli masis airRumelSi moTavsebis Semdeg, mimdinareobs qimiuri reaqciebi da warmoiqmneba axali nivTierebebi, gansxvavebuli TvisebebiT.4.

movlenamimdinareobis

pirobagaregnuli niSani

daasabuTe, rom movlena fizikuria

an qimiuri

SeSis nafotebad daqucmacebaSeSis wvawylis duRilirkinis daJangva

meqanikuri zemoqmedebagaxurebagaxurebanivTierebebis Sereva

forma,zoma, feri, siTbo, sinaTleagragatuli mdgomareobis Secvlaforma, zomis, feris Secvla

nivTiereba ar icvlebamiiReba axali nivTierebanivTiereba ar icvlebamiiReba axali nivTiereba

SesTavazeT, Seadaron erTmaneTs rkinisa da Jangis Tvisebebi. Caataron martivi eqsperimenti – Seamowmon magnitis moqmedeba orive nivTierebaze.

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24. wva da Jangva (gv. 72)

pasuxebi1. bunebrivi procesebis Sedegad atmosferoSi Jangbadis Sevseba rom ar xdebodes, haerSi Jangbadi didi xnis winaT gamoileoda da dedamiwaze sicocxlec Sewydeboda. sunTqvisaTvis erTi adamiani weliwadSi xarjavs 263m3 Jangbads. Jangbadis aseTi didi raodenobiT xarjvis miuxedavad, misi wili haerSi ar icv-leba. es aris mwvane mcenareSi mimdinare fotosinTezis Sedegi, romlis drosac gamoiyofa Jangbadi.didi raodenobiT Jangbads iZleva zRvebisa da okeaneebis flora. gaufrTxildiT mwvane nargavebs-igi janmrTelobis garantia!2. damcavi safariT-laqiT an saRebaviT unda davfaroT.3. gaTlili kartofili fers icvlis, rac qimiuri reaqciis niSania. qimiuri reaqcia mimdinareobs haerSi arsebul Jangbadsa da gaTlili kartofilis SedgenilobaSi Semaval nivTierebas Soris. am cvlilebis Tavidan asacileblad gaWrili kartofilis haerTan Sexeba unda SevzRudoT. magaliTad, mWidrod SemovaxvioT polieTilenis parki, movaTavsoT wylian jamSi.4. xanZars uyuradRebod datovebuli cecxlis kera (koconi, asanTi) iwvevs. haeris maRali temperatu-ris gamo cecxli ekideba torfian Waobebs, radgan iq wvadi airi-meTani gamoiyofa. xanZarTan axlos tyeebis, balaxovani safaris, advilad wvadi obieqtebis arseboba xels uwyobs cecxlis gavrcelebas.cecxlis gadatanas xels uwyobs aseve qari, haeris Zalian dabali tenianoba, sicxe. uyuradRebod ar unda davtovoT cecxlis kera, davicvaT usafrTxoebis wesebi,droulad movimaragoT cecxlsaqrobi saSualebebi, gamoviZaxoT saxanZro samsaxuris muSaoba. xanZars siTbos, sinaTlis, kvamlis gamoyofa axlavs. xanZris Sedegad nadgurdeba tyeebi da balaxovani safari,Sesabamisad, cxovelebsa da frinvelebs safrTxe emuqrebaT. xanZris Casaqrobad iyeneben wyals, qviSas, saqrob qafebs. zogjer xanZris maxloblad xelovnurad gamowveuli afeTqeba xels uwyobs xanZris Caqrobas – Jangbadis raodenoba haerSi swrafad mcirdeba, rac wvis process anelebs.5 . sanTlis wva da sunTqva Jangvis reaqciebs miekuTvneba. orive reaqciis produqts wyali da naxSiror-Jangi warmoadgens. sanTlis wvas Tan axlavs siTbos da sinaTlis gamoyofa. sunTqvis dros organizmSi mimdinareobs neli Jangvis procesi, rac organizmis sicocxlisunarianobas uzrunvelyofs.

25. nivTierebis masis mudmivobis kanoni (gv. 75)

pasuxebi1. qimiuri reaqciis dros molekula icvleba – atomebad iSleba, xolo atomi ar icvleba. amrigad, atomi nivTierebis qimiurad ganuyofeli nawilakia. aqedan warmodgeba sityva „atomi“, rac ZvelberZnulad „ganuyofels“niSnavs.2. wylis molekula sam atomiania, Jangbadis-ori. wylis molekula Seicavs ori sxvadasxva saxis sam atoms, Jangbadis molekulaSi ki erTi saxis atomebia.3 . naxSirbadi+Jangbadi naxSirorJangi4. meTani+Jangbadi naxSirorJangi+wyali5. masis mudmivobis kanonidan gamomdinare, wyalbadis masa iqneba: 36g-32g=4g6. sawonis masaa:232g-168g= 64g. sawonis masa gviCvenebs, ra masis Jangbadi SeuerTda rkinas daJangvisas. rkina+ Jangbadi rkinis Jangi7. boili cdas TavRia WurWelSi atarebda, ris gamoc WurWlis masas daemata garedan SeRweuli haerSi arsebuli Jangbadis masa. WurWlis masa gaizarda imdeniT, ramdeni Jangbadic SeuerTda vercxliswyals.

26. wyali (gv. 79)

pasuxebi1. a) – dawdomas, gafiltvras b) – gafiltvras g) – gamoxdas d) – aorTqlebas

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27. xsnarebi (gv. 82)

pasuxebi1.

gaxsnili nivTierebis masa gamxsnelis masa xsnaris masa

2g 50g 52g

20g 90g 110g

45g 55g 100g

2. xsnari iwonis 300g-s. imave raodenobis, radgan bunebaSi araferi ikargeba da arc emateba.3. nivTierebis gasufTaveba: narevidan sufTa nivTierebis miReba;xsnaridan sufTa nivTierebis miReba: xsnarSi Semavali erT-erTi nivTierebis gamoyofa;xsnaris komponentebad dayofa: xsnaris Semadgeneli komponentebis erTmaneTisgan gacalkeveba.

28. xsnadoba (gv. 85)

pasuxebi1. xsnaris gaxurebiT (wylis aorTqlebiT) an wylis damatebiT.2. rac ufro dabalia temperatura, miT ufro metad aris gaxsnili Jangbadi wyalSi da ganapirobebs Tevzebis gamravlebas.3.

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

oC10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

wyal

Si x

snad

oba

29. mJava, fuZe da indikatori (gv. 87)

pasuxebi1. b)2. a)3. a)4. g)

30. neitralizaciis reaqcia (gv. 90)

pasuxebi1. a)futkris nakbeni Seicavs mJavas Semcvel xsnars, amitom misi ganeitraleba SeiZleba fuZis xsnariT.gamoviyeneb sodis wyalxsnars nakbenis dasamuSaveblad. b)krazanas nakbeni Seicavs fuZis Semcvel xsnars, amitom misi ganeitraleba SeiZleba mJavis xsnariT. gamoviyeneb Zmris wyalxsnars nakbenis dasamuSaveblad.2. g)

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biologia

31. erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi (gv. 94)

pasuxebi1. ujredi aris yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeuli.2. ujredi yvela cocxali arsebis agebulebis erTeulia.3. mcenaris ujredebi – mravalujrediani organizmia, ameba – erTujrediani.4. daixazeba oTxi ujra (wre). aqedan sami isrebiT uerTdeba meoTxes. sam ujraSi iwereba cal-calke moswavleTa TiToeuli jgufis mier miRebuli Sedegi, xolo meoTxe ujraSi saerTo daskvna.5. TiToeuli jgufi muSaobda cocxali arsebebis erT konkretul jgufze. amitom, erTmaneTTan rom ar qonodaT kontaqti ver mividodnen daskvnamde, rom yvela cocxali organizmi ujreduli agebulebisaa.6. gamodgeba, radgan qalamanac da amebac ujreduli agebulebisaa.

proeqti - moswavlem unda asaxos Svanis da Sleidenis werilebSi maTi dakvirvebis Sedegi daaxloebiT am stilSi: Zvirfaso kolega, me mikroskopiT davakvirdi mcenareebs (cxovelebs) da davinaxe, rom . . . . mik-roskopis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ityodnen, rom is aZlevs mecniers saSualebas dainaxos TvaliT uxilavi sxeulebi da misi wyalobiT moxda ujredis danaxva da ujreduli agebulebis aRmoCena.

32. ujredi – qsovili – organo – organizmi (gv. 98)

pasuxebi1. ujredi-qsovili-organo.2. fesvis ujredi-fesvis qsovili-fesvi.3. ujredi-qsovili-organo.4. calke ujrebSi (wreebSi) Caiwereba organoebis saxelebi da yvela ujra erTiandeba isriT erT ujraSi, sadac iwereba `mcenaris organizmi~.5. ameba6. qvevidan zeviT: ujredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi.

33. ujredi ganapirobebs organizmis funqcias da ganviTarebas (gv. 100)

pasuxebi1. funqciurad msgavsi ujredebisagan.2. • ameba, ZaRli, askili Sedgebian ujredebisgan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeulia.• qalamana, baqteria, verxvi, adamiani sedgebian ujredebisgan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali orga-nizmis agebulebis erTeulia.• baqteriebi, cxovelebi, mcenareebi vitardebian sawyisi ujredisagan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis ganviTarebis erTeulia.3. isini monawileoben cocxali organizmis gamravlebaSi.4.

ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis

erTeulia

ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis funqciuri

erTeulia

ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis ganviTarebis

erTeulia

mcenareebi, cxovelebi, ameba, baqteriebi, qalamana agebulia ujre-debisagan.

ujredi asrulebs funqciebs, magal-iTad kunTis ujredi ikumSeba, tvi-nis ujredi imaxsovrebs. ujredebis funqcia ganapirobebs organoebis da Sesabamisad organizmis funqcias.

ujredebi sawyiss aZleven axal Tao-bas, mag. sasqeso ujredebisgan war-moiqmneba axali Taoba, erTujredi-anebi mravldebian ujredis gayofiT.

5. 1. kunTs da kans.2. kunTis ujredebi TiTistaris formisaa, kanis momrgvalo, erTmaneTTan axlos mijrilia.3. kunTi ikumSeba, kani icavs sxeuls.4. TiTistarisebri ujredi advilad damokldeba, kanis ujredebi erTmaneTTan axlos mijrilia, rom araferi gaataros kanSi da kargad daicvas kanis qveS mdebare organoebi.

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34. mcenareuli ujredi (gv. 103)

pasuxebi1. mcenaris ujredis organelebia qloroplastebi, birTvi, vakuoli.2. mcenaris organoebs Seferilobas aZlevs vakuolSi da qloroplastebSi moTavsebuli pigmentebi.3. mcenare energias moipovebs qloroplastebis da mitoqondriebis saSualebiT.4.

plazmuri membrana

mitoqondria

vakuoli citoplazma

birTvi

qromosomebi

ujredis kedeli

5. SeuZlia, radgan aqvs mitoqondriebi.6. mcenaris mier mzis energiis mopoveba.

35. sokos da cxoveluri ujredi (gv. 106)

pasuxebi1. ujredis kedeli, romelic icavs ujreds.2. sworia I, III, IV debuleba.3. atarebs sakveb nivTierebebs garemodan ujredSi.4. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba plazmuri membrana, birTvi, mitoqondriebi, vakuoli, pigmentebi, gansvaveba: mcenareul ujreds aqvs ujredis kedeli, qloroplastebi, vakuoli ufro didi zomisaa, aqvs fotosin-Tezis unari, cxovelis vakuoli ufro mcire zomisaa, ar aqvs qloroplastebi, ar aqvs ujredis kedeli5. qloroplastis arsebobas.6. marcxena suraTia mcenaris ujredi radgan aqvs ujredis kedeli, qloroplastebi da didi zomis vakuoli.7. • 3500, 250, 2500 • kunTis, radgan yvelaze meti mitoqondria aqvs, mitoqondria ki gamoimuSavebs energias • kunTi, radgan yvelaze met energias gamoimuSavebs8. • kunTSi 10, mcenareSi 1, erTujredian organizmSic 1. • ar aris swori, SeiZleba iyos mravalbirTvianic.

36. umartivesebi da sxva protistebi (gv. 110)

pasuxebi1. mikroskopiT wylis wveTis daTvaliereba Sig amebebis aRmoCenis mizniT.2. mravaujredian wyalmcenares ar aqvs qsovilebi.3. evglenas eqneba qloroplastebi (qlorofili).4. ar aris swori, radgan Solti aqvT umartivesebsac.5. • 20000, 50000, 70000, 150000 • icvleboda, mrudi gviCvenebs. • matulobda, mrudi zrdadia (gviCvenebs zrdas). • ar icvleboda erTnairad, Tavidan moimata 30000-iT, Semdeg 20000, bolos 80000-iT.

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37. baqteriebi, arqebaqteriebi, cianobaqteriebi (gv. 113)

pasuxebi1. eukariotia, birTvi aqvs.2. arasworia, pro-da eukariotebi aris zogadad cocxali organizmebis dajgufeba, baqteriebi Sedis prokariotebSi.3. birTvi eqneba cxovelur ujreds.4. cianobaqteriebi da arqeebi ar aris baqteriebis ganStoeba, baqteriebTan erTad isini qmnian erT dajgufebas.5. Sevadarebdi ujreds kedlis qimiuri agebulebis mixedviT (saubaria qimiur agebulebaze).6. wamwamebis saSualebiT baqteriebi emagrebian sxvadasxva sxeuls.7. • savarudod baqteriebma. • iq ar iyo lpobis baqteriebi. • romelic ar dalpa. • soko gamoyofs baqteriebis sawinaaRmdego antibiotikur nivTierebebs.

38. samefoebi. Araujreduli agebulebis organizmebi (gv. 117)

pasuxebi1. aqvs Tu ara qsovilebi.2. protistebs.3. rogoria ujredis kedlis qimiuri Sedgeniloba.4. aqvs Tu ara qloroplastebi (amiT gamoirCeva cxovelebisgan, umartivesebisgan da sokoebisgan), aqvs Tu ara qsovilebi (amiT gamoirCeva wyalmcenareebisagan) aqvs Tu ara Solti (amiT gamoirCeva evglenas-gan).5. Solti evglenasac aqvs da qlamidomonadasac, amitom daisvas kiTxva: aqvs Tu ara qloroplasti6. aqvs Tu ara ujredis kedeli7. viruss ar aqvs ujreduli agebuleba, yvela sxva cocxali organizmi ki ujredebisgan Sedgeba8. viruss aqvs cocxali organizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli nukleinis mJavebi

proeqti- savaraudod es iqneba iseTi organizmebi, romlebic advili SesamCnevia: cxovelebi, mcenareebi, sokoebi. am asakSi moswavleebma ician maTi amocnoba da dajgufebac ar gauWirdebaT.

39. ZuZumwovrebis klasi (gv. 121)

pasuxebi1. aqvs balani.2. is ZuZuTi kvebavs naSiers.3. kani da balani icavs ZuZumwovrebs gamoSrobisgan.4. mindvris Tagvis raodenobas 12000-2003 wlebSi.5. klebaa 2001 da 2002-Si, ar icvleba 2000-dan 2003 –Si sworad asaxavs.6. Zroxisgan mowvelili rZis raodenoba:

10.08.2010 11.08.2010 12.08.2010 13.08.2010

14 l. 11 17 17

diagramis svetis forma (oTxkuTxedi, piramida) moswavlis arCevanzea damokidebuli. vertikalur RerZze- rZis raodenoba (l), horizontalurze- dak-virvebis TariRi.

02468

1012141618

1 2 3 4

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40. qvewarmavlebis klasi (gv. 125)

pasuxebi1.

samefo cxovelebi

ZuZumwovrebis klasi qvewarmavlebis klasi

2. aris Tu ara mTeli sxeuli qercliT dafaruli.3. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba: orive cxovelia, xmeleTze gamravleba, kbilebi, filtvebi, gansxvavebaSi iwereba: ZuZumwovrebSi naSieris ZuZuTi kveba, sxeuli amarTulia, kbilebi 3-nairi formis, qvewarmavlebSi – sxe-uli dafarulia qercliT, axlos aris miwasTan, aqvT erTnairi formis kbilebi4. savaraudod ZuZumwovrebi iqneba Sinauri cxovelebi da kidev mgeli, ciyvi, Txunela da sxv. qvewarma-vlebi: ankara, xvliki.5. • zambezis da nilosis napirze TiTo ninagis mier monadiebuli antilopebis raodenobas 2008-2010 wlebSi • zambezi: 32, nilosi: 20 • zambezis napirze6. • kaliebis da mwvane xvlikis raodenobas 2000-2003 wlebSi sof. dolianSi • klebulobda • klebulobda • Sxamiani nivTiereba klavda kaliebs • xvliki ikvebeba kaliebiT da savaraudod, sakvebis SemcirebasTan erTad xvlikis raodenobam iklo • kaliebis raodenobis klebis paralelurad xvlikis raodenobis klebavertikalur Rerze cxovelebis raodenoba, horizontalur RerZze – dakvirvebis wlebi:

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2000 2001 2002 2003

7. qvewarmavlebs, aqvs qvewarmavlisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kbilebi – yvela erTi formis.

41. frinvelebis klasi (gv. 129)

pasuxebi1. savaraudod iqneba qaTami, indauri, mtredi, yvavi, beRura, mercxali, SaSvi, kaWkaWi, ofofi.2. bumbuli.3. aqvs Tu ara kbilebi.4. Cans bumbulis formis naWdevi.5. damoukidebeli: kruxis misma. damokidebuli: – imprintingi.6. erT jgufs mivusvaT kruxi gamoCekisTanave, meores gamoCekidan 3 dRis Semdeg da vnaxoT, romels eqneba imprintingi. Tu pirvel jgufs eqna da meores ara (an piriqiT) e.i. dros mniSvneloba aqvs. sinamd-vileSi aucilebelia dainaxos gamoCekidan saSualod 12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, mogvianebiT imprintingi aRar viTardeba.7. TanmimdevrobiT zevidan qveviT: 2, 4, 1, 3

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42. amfibiebis da Tevzebis klasi (gv. 133)

pasuxebi1. kiduris nacvlad aqvs farfli, qercliTaa dafaruli.2. zevidan qveviT: qvewarmavali, Tevzi, ZuZumwovari, amfibia.3. pirveli 3 debuleba sworia.4. maTi kani ver icavs sxeuls gamoSrobisgan.5. tiranozavri xmeleTze cxovrobda Tu wyalSi layuebiT sunTqavda Tu filtvebiT.6. lorwo amcirebs xaxuns sxeulsa da wyals Soris. pirvel proeqtSi moswavles SeuZlia daajgufos erTad mag. lomebi, an maimunebi, zvigenebi, oqros Tevzebi, arwivebi, kolibrebi da sxv. aq maT eZlevaT Tavisufleba Tavad SearCion dajgufebis krite-riumebi da imsjelon amis Sesaxeb klasSi meore proeqtSi: vefxvis TaTi didi zomisaa, SeiaraRebulia klanWebiT, rac nadirobasTanaa dakav-Sirebuli, Txunelas TaTebi miwis saTxreladaa momarjvebuli, maimunis TaTi ki xeebze cocvasTan, (totze CaWidebasTan) sagnebis kiduriT aRebasTan da gamoyenebasTan (srola, dartyma) aris adaptire-buli.

43. uxerxemlo cxovelebi fexsaxsrianebi (gv. 137)

pasuxebi1. aqvT frTebi da SeuZliaT frena.2. moskiti, tkipi.3. frTebi, 3 nawilad danawevrebuli sxeuli.4. am monacemebiT cxrili:

afrikaSi malariiT daavadebulebis raodenoba sxvadasxva sezonze

gazafxuli zafxuli zamTari

70 000 65 000 2000

01000020000300004000050000600007000080000

1 2 3

vertikalur RerZze – malariiT daavadebulebis raodenoba, horizontalur RerZze: 1-gazafxuli, 2-zafxuli, 3-zamTari.5. SesaZlebelia, radgan diagramis mixedviT yvelaze xSiria daavadeba Tbil periodSi – gazafxulze da zafxulSi , vidre civ periodSi – zamTarSi.6. araqne qsovda da obobac qsovs qsels. leqsikonSi naxaven, rom es sityva aRniSnavs obobas.

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44. sxva uxerxemlo cxovelebi (gv. 141)

pasuxebi 1. arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori 2. mcdaria I da II debuleba

3. uxerxemlo cxovelebi

obobasnairebis klasi

jvriani oboba

mwerebis klasi

drozofila

4. Sinaarsi ar Seesabameba realobas: rvafexa ar aRwevs aseT zomebs, ar angrevs kedlebs rogorc naxatzea, ar binadrobs adamianebze, miTumetes xmeleTze, ar cxovrobs tyeSi, arc tbaSi.

45. saxeoba (gv. 144)

pasuxebi 1. cxovelebi-frinvelebi-mexeuri mercxali. 2. afrikuli spilosgan gansxvavebiT, aziuris sxeuli gacilebiT mcire zomisaa, yurebic gacilebiT

patara aqvs, Tavze SeimCneva ori borcvi. (sasurvelia moswavles mosTxovoT amoicnos rac SeiZleba meti gansxvaveba. eSvis sigrZeSi sxvaoba metad umniSvneloa).

4. macxniv kidiani, majvniv-ruxi (feris da kudis formis muclis gamo). 5. ar aris swori, radgan yvela obobas sazogadod 8 fexi aqvT. 6. moswavleebi Canaxats gaakeTeben rogorc Zleben, magram sasurvelia aisaxos teqstSi miTiTebuli

niSnebi. mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian sxeulis masiT, simaRliT, eSvis formiT.

46. sqesobrivi da usqeso gamravleba (gv. 148)

pasuxebi 1. qveda suraTze, aqvs Solti. spermatozoidis garda arc erT cxovelur ujreds Solti ar aqvs. 2. aqvs Tu ara amnion. 3. sworia III debuleba. 4. sworia II debuleba. 5. SesaZlebelia xmeleTze cxovrebas daukavSirdes naWuWiT dafaruli kvercxiT an cocxalmSobiarobiT

gamravleba. orive SemTxvevaSi Canasaxi daculia gamoSrobisgan. 6. • orive maCvenebeli gaizarda 2002 wels da Semcirda 2003 wels.

• savaraudod ukeT kveba zrdis dadebuli kvercxis raodenobas, radgan kvercxis raodenoba da monadirebuli antilopebis raodenoba icvleba zustad erTmaneTis pirdapir proporciulad.

47. sruli da arasruli metamorfozi (gv. 152)

pasuxebi 1. arasruli. 2. marcxniv – arasruli, marjvniv – sruli. 3. muxluxo aris sruli metamorfozis procesSi myofi larva, romelic daWuprdeba da TandaTan gar-

daiqmneba mwerad. 4. damokidebulia Tavkombalas zrdasrul bayayad gadaqceva damoukidebelia – wyalsatevis wylis temperatura. 5. Sua zolSi, sadac haeris temperatura savaraudod ufro marali iqneba (moswavleebma ician wina klase-

bidan) 6. Canasaxi ukeT aris daculi dazianebisagan.

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48. protistebis, monerebis gamravleba. ujredis gayofa (gv. 155)

pasuxebi1. sworia I debuleba.2. sworia II debuleba.3. sworia II debuleba.4. sworia III debuleba.5. icvleba, matulobs larvis mwerad Camoyalibebas.6. sworia I debuleba.7. damokidebuli cvladia baqteriis gamravlebis intensioba, damoukidebeli – temperatura. verti-kalur RerZze: ujredis gayofis raodenoba wuTSi, horizontalurze – temperatura 0C.

0

5

10

15

20

25

10oC 20oC 35oC

49. mcenareTa klasifikacia (gv. 158)

pasuxebi1. nayofis ar arseboba.2. ginkgos Tesli.3. nayofis arseboba.4. savaraudod daarqmeven qarTul an imerul (imereTis) muxas. moswavlis pasuxi yvela am variantSi

mi saRebia, Tumca namdvili saxelia imeruli muxa.5. sxvadasxva feris da formis nayofi aqvs.6. dasajgufeblad SeiZleba gamoiyenos niSnebi: yvavilis arseboba, girCis arseboba, foToli (farTo an wiwvi, ginkgo savaraudod ar SexvdebaT arsad).

50. mcenareebis gamravleba (gv. 162)

pasuxebi1. fesvis Reros foTlis arseboba, Teslis warmoqmnis unari (Tumca es ukanaskneli ar aris absoluturi, radgan aris iseTi mcenareebi, romlebic Tesls ar warmoqmnian)2. I da III mcdaria3. mcenarisaa, cxovelisas (spermatozoids Solti aqvs da suraTidanac ician, rogor gamoiyureba).4. zeda – jvaredini damtverviT – butko mtvrianaze maRalia da amitom sakuTari mtveri Znelad Tu daeyreba, qveda – TviTmtveriaa, butko mtvrianaze dabalia da mtveri advilad daeyreba.5. damokidebuli cvladia – aRmonacenis simaRle, damoukidebelia – morwyva, wyali xels uwyobs zrdas.

51. vegetaturi gamravleba (gv. 165)

pasuxebi1. saerTo nawilSi (msgavseba): orive xorcieldeba ujredebis monawileobiT da warmoqmnis axal Taobas. gansxvavebebSi: sqesobrivi xorcieldeba sasqeso ujredebis SerwmiT, vegetaturi – ara sasqeso ujre-debis gamravlebiT.2. namyeni iviTarebs orive mcenaris niSnebs.3. usqesoa, radgan kultura vitardeba ara sasqeso ujredebidan (fesvis, Reros, foTlis).

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4. miesadageba, radgan es cxovelebi adamianis gamoyvanilia veluri saxeobebidan. proeqti – evropelebma evropuli vazi daamynes amerikulis Zirze. amitom vazi gaxda gamZle filo-qseras mimarT da amavdroulad, nayofma SeinarCuna evropuli vazis Tvisebebi.

52. wiTel wignSi Setanili cocxali organizmebi (gv. 168)

pasuxebi1. lomis raodenoba klebulobs, amgvarad is wiTel wignSia Sesatani (Setanilia kidec).2. SeumcirdebaT sacxovrebeli teritoria da es cudad imoqmedebs maTze, daakldebaT sakvebi, adgili

gamravlebisaTvis da sxv.3. mdinareebSi iyreba sakvebis narCeni, qarxnebis narCeni, mas Wams Tevzi da Tevzis organizmSi grovdeba

momwamvleli nivTierebi.4. TevzSi dagrovili momwamvleli nivTierebebi wamlavs adamians.5. anakonda arasodes ar izrdeba 30 m-mde, ar erCis adamians, ar gamoyofs Sxams da ar miekuTvneba Sxamian

gvelebs.

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gamoyenebuli literatura

1. 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegma da sagnobrivi standarti. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro.

2. sawavlo da profesiuli garemo, masw. prof. ganviTarebis centri. Tbilisi 2008 w.3. «Вопросы психологии». Москва 2000 г.4. «Педагогика» Учебник нового века. Москва. 2000 г.5. http://gearn.blogspot.com/2008/09/gearn.html6. loom, B., Englehart, M. Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The clas-

sification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cogni¬tive domain. New York, Toronto: Longmans, Green.7. uznaZe, d. bavSvis fsiqologia (1967 w), saskolo asakis fsiqologia, uznaZis Sromebi, tomi xuTi,

Tbilisi, mecniereba.

malxaz mayasvili revaz qutelia ia gigiberia manana...

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