malocclusion dr rahim

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MALOCCLUSION

And ITS Classification

Dr shabeel pn


DEFINITIONDEFINITION

The deviation from the accepted normal The deviation from the accepted normal occlusion is malocclusion.occlusion is malocclusion.

Malocclusion is a condition that reflects an Malocclusion is a condition that reflects an expression of normal biologic variability in expression of normal biologic variability in the way the maxillary & the mandibular the way the maxillary & the mandibular teeth occlude. teeth occlude. ((BISHARABISHARA))


An occlusion in which there is a An occlusion in which there is a

malrelationship between the arches malrelationship between the arches

in any of the planes of the space or in any of the planes of the space or

in which there are anomalies in tooth in which there are anomalies in tooth

position beyond the limit of the position beyond the limit of the

normalnormal (WALTHER & HOUSTON)(WALTHER & HOUSTON)


CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Depending upon which part of the oral & Depending upon which part of the oral &

maxillofacial unit is at fault :maxillofacial unit is at fault :

1.1. Individual tooth malpositions Individual tooth malpositions (DENTAL (DENTAL

DYSPLASIA)DYSPLASIA)

2. Malrelations of the dental arches or dento 2. Malrelations of the dental arches or dento

alveolar segments. alveolar segments. (SKELETODENTAL (SKELETODENTAL

DYSPLASIA)DYSPLASIA)

3. Skeletal malrelationship 3. Skeletal malrelationship (SKELETAL DYSPLASIA)(SKELETAL DYSPLASIA)


1) INDIVIDUAL TOOTH 1) INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MALPOSITIONMALPOSITION

These are malocclusions of individual These are malocclusions of individual

teeth teeth in relation to adjacent teeth with in in relation to adjacent teeth with in

same dental arch. same dental arch.

They also called They also called intra arch intra arch

malocclusions.malocclusions.

Also includes condition like spacing or Also includes condition like spacing or

crowding with in dental arches.crowding with in dental arches.

They are of following -They are of following -


1. MESIAL 1. MESIAL INCLINATION OR INCLINATION OR TIPPINGTIPPING

2. DISTAL 2. DISTAL INCLINATION OR INCLINATION OR TIPPINGTIPPING

3. LINGUAL 3. LINGUAL INCLINATION INCLINATION OR TIPPINGOR TIPPING


4.LABIAL/BUCCAL 4.LABIAL/BUCCAL INCLINATION OR INCLINATION OR TIPPINGTIPPING

5.INFRA OCCLUSION5.INFRA OCCLUSION

6.SUPRAOCCLUSION6.SUPRAOCCLUSION


7.ROTATIONS :-7.ROTATIONS :-

a.Mesiolingual or a.Mesiolingual or distolabialdistolabial

b.Distolingual or b.Distolingual or mesiolabialmesiolabial

8.TRANSPOSITION8.TRANSPOSITION


2) MALRELATION OF 2) MALRELATION OF DENTAL ARCHESDENTAL ARCHES

These characterized by an abnormal These characterized by an abnormal relationship between teeth or groups of teeth relationship between teeth or groups of teeth of one dental arch to another arch.of one dental arch to another arch.

These occur in all the three planes of space, These occur in all the three planes of space, namely – namely –

sagittal plane sagittal plane

vertical planevertical plane

transverse planetransverse plane


SAGITTAL PLANE SAGITTAL PLANE MALOCCLUSIONMALOCCLUSION

A. Pre normal occlusionA. Pre normal occlusion

Where the mandibularWhere the mandibular

dental arch is placeddental arch is placed

more posteriorly more posteriorly

whenwhen

the teeth meet inthe teeth meet in

centric occlusion. centric occlusion.


b. b. Post normal Post normal occlusionocclusion

Where the mandibular Where the mandibular dental arch is place dental arch is place more distally when the more distally when the teeth meet in centric teeth meet in centric occlusion.occlusion.


VERTICAL PLANE VERTICAL PLANE MALOCCLUSIONMALOCCLUSION

A. Deep bite or A. Deep bite or increase over increase over bitebite

B.B. Open bite Open bite


TRANSVERS PLANE TRANSVERS PLANE MALOCCLUSIONMALOCCLUSION

These includes These includes

various types of various types of

cross bitescross bites due to due to

constriction of the constriction of the

dental arches or dental arches or

some other reason some other reason

the relationship is the relationship is

disturbed.disturbed.


3) SKELETAL 3) SKELETAL MALOCCLUSIONSMALOCCLUSIONS

These malocclusions are caused These malocclusions are caused due to the defect in the due to the defect in the underlying skeletal structure underlying skeletal structure itself.itself.

The defect can be in size position The defect can be in size position or relationship b/w the jaw bones.or relationship b/w the jaw bones.


VARIOUS SYSTEM OF VARIOUS SYSTEM OF MALOCCLUSIONMALOCCLUSION

Angle’s classification.Angle’s classification.Dewey’s modifications.Dewey’s modifications.Lisher’s modifications.Lisher’s modifications.Bennette’s classificationBennette’s classificationSimon’s classificationSimon’s classificationSkeletal classificationSkeletal classificationAckerman-Proffit systemAckerman-Proffit system


ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSIONOF MALOCCLUSION

In 1899 EDWARD H. ANGLE classified In 1899 EDWARD H. ANGLE classified malocclusion based on the malocclusion based on the mesio-distal relation mesio-distal relation of the teeth,dental arches & jaws.of the teeth,dental arches & jaws.

He considered He considered maxillary first permanent molarmaxillary first permanent molar as as fixed anatomical point & as key to occlusion.fixed anatomical point & as key to occlusion.

.. He classified three categaries designated as He classified three categaries designated as

classes & represented by classes & represented by ROMAN numerals I, II ROMAN numerals I, II and III.and III.


ANGLE’S CLASS IANGLE’S CLASS I The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first

molar occluding in the buccal groove of the molar occluding in the buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar.mandibular first permanent molar.

The pt. show some dental irregularities like The pt. show some dental irregularities like crowding, spacing, rotation missing tooth crowding, spacing, rotation missing tooth etc.etc.


The mandibular dental The mandibular dental arch is in normal arch is in normal mesiodistal mesiodistal relationship of the relationship of the maxillary arch.maxillary arch.

Another category of Another category of malocclusion is malocclusion is classified classified as class I is as class I is Bimaxillary Protrsion.Bimaxillary Protrsion.(both jaws forwardly (both jaws forwardly placed)placed)


ANGLE’S CLASS IIANGLE’S CLASS II

The mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first The mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first permanent molar occlude in the space b/w permanent molar occlude in the space b/w the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first permanent molar & the distal aspect of the permanent molar & the distal aspect of the mandibular second premolar.mandibular second premolar.

Also,the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary Also,the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar occludes mesial to the first permanent molar occludes mesial to the mesiolingual cusp of the mandibular first mesiolingual cusp of the mandibular first permanent molar.permanent molar.


Based on the Based on the labiolingual labiolingual angulation of the maxillary angulation of the maxillary incisorsincisors angle divided the class II angle divided the class II malocclusion into two division-malocclusion into two division-

class II division 1class II division 1

class II division 2class II division 2


CLASS II DIVISION 1CLASS II DIVISION 1 The maxillary incisor teeth are The maxillary incisor teeth are proclained or proclained or

labioversion.labioversion. Frequently the lower anterior segment shows Frequently the lower anterior segment shows

supraversion or over eruption of the incisor supraversion or over eruption of the incisor teeth,a tendency towards “flattening”teeth,a tendency towards “flattening” & & some irregularities.some irregularities.

The maxillary arch shape become The maxillary arch shape become “V” instead “V” instead of U but seldom normal.of U but seldom normal.


Due to proclination of upper anterior Due to proclination of upper anterior there is there is increase in overjet.increase in overjet.

Lower lip Lower lip cushion to the lingual aspectcushion to the lingual aspect of the upper teethof the upper teeth

this class associated with this class associated with abnormal abnormal muscle functionmuscle function compare to angle’s compare to angle’s class Iclass I


During swallowing During swallowing abnormal mentalis activity abnormal mentalis activity

& abberent buccinator activity& abberent buccinator activity, together with, together with

compensatory muscle function & compensatory muscle function & changed changed

tongue position tend to accentuatetongue position tend to accentuate the the

narrowing of the maxillary arch,the narrowing of the maxillary arch,the

protrusion, labial inclination & spacing of theprotrusion, labial inclination & spacing of the

maxillary incisors, the curve of spee &the maxillary incisors, the curve of spee &the

flattening of the mandibular anterior flattening of the mandibular anterior

segment.segment.


CLASS II DIVISION 2CLASS II DIVISION 2 Along with the typical class II molar Along with the typical class II molar

relationship the maxillary central incisor relationship the maxillary central incisor are near normal anterioposteriorly or are near normal anterioposteriorly or slightly in linguo version,whereas the slightly in linguo version,whereas the maxillary lateral incisor are tipped maxillary lateral incisor are tipped labially and/or mesially.labially and/or mesially.


In some cases variation occurs-Both central In some cases variation occurs-Both central and lateral incisors may be lingually and lateral incisors may be lingually inclinedand the canines labially inclined.inclinedand the canines labially inclined.

In contrast with classII div 1 perioral In contrast with classII div 1 perioral muscle function is usually normal but muscle function is usually normal but certain function problems involving certain function problems involving temporalis,masseter & lateral pterygoid temporalis,masseter & lateral pterygoid muscle activity are common.muscle activity are common.


The combination of the lingually The combination of the lingually

inclined maxillary incisors & inclined maxillary incisors &

infraocclusion of the posterior infraocclusion of the posterior

teeth often teeth often results in the creation results in the creation

of an abnormal path of closure. of an abnormal path of closure.

(mandible can be forced into a (mandible can be forced into a

retruded position by tooth retruded position by tooth

guidence.)guidence.)


CLASS II SUBDIVISIONCLASS II SUBDIVISION

When a class II molar relationship exist When a class II molar relationship exist on one side of dental arch & class I on on one side of dental arch & class I on other side it is reffered to subdivision. other side it is reffered to subdivision.

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DIFFERENCE B/W DIV1 & DIV2

1. Profile 2. Lips 3. Mentalis

muscles 4. Lower facial

height 5. Arch form 6. Palate 7. Incisors 8. Overjet 9. Overbite 10. Path of

closure

Convex Incompetent Hyperavtive Increase/normal V shaped Deep Proclined Increased Deep normal

Convexity/straight Competent Normal Decreased Square/U shaped Normal CI retroclined & LI proclined Decreased Closed Backward

DIV 1 DIV2


ANGLE’S CLASS IIIANGLE’S CLASS IIIThe mandibular dental arch & body is in mesial relationship to the maxillary arch; with the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occlusion in the interdental space b/w the dental aspect of the distal cusps of the mandibular first molar & the mesial aspect of mesial cusps of the mandibular second molar.


In most cases the incisors are inclined In most cases the incisors are inclined excessively to the lingual aspect,despite the excessively to the lingual aspect,despite the crossbitecrossbite

individual tooth irregularities are frequent.individual tooth irregularities are frequent. The space provided for the tongue appears The space provided for the tongue appears

to be greater & the tongue lies on the floor to be greater & the tongue lies on the floor of the mouth most of the time.of the mouth most of the time.

The pt can present with a normal overjet, an The pt can present with a normal overjet, an edge to edge incisor relation on an anterior edge to edge incisor relation on an anterior cross bite.cross bite.


PSEUDO CLASS IIIPSEUDO CLASS III This is not a true class III malocclusion but the This is not a true class III malocclusion but the

presentation is similar.presentation is similar. Here the mandible shifts anteriorly in the Here the mandible shifts anteriorly in the

glenoid fossa due to premature contact of the glenoid fossa due to premature contact of the teeth or some other reason when the jaws are teeth or some other reason when the jaws are brought together in centric occlusion.brought together in centric occlusion.

Incidence is low.Incidence is low.

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DIFFERENCE B/W TRUE & PSEUDO CLASS III

111 Concave Heriditary Absent Forward Not possible Orthopedic appliance,surgical correction

Straight Habitual disturbance Present Deviated Possible Elimination of prematurities & replacement of lost teeth


DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

1) Angle presumed the first permanent1) Angle presumed the first permanent molars as fixed points molars as fixed points within the jaws, which definitely is not sowithin the jaws, which definitely is not so

2)Angle depended exclusively on the first molars. Hence, the 2)Angle depended exclusively on the first molars. Hence, the classification is not possible if the first molars are missing or classification is not possible if the first molars are missing or in the deciduous dentitionin the deciduous dentition

3) malocclusion are considered only in the anteroposterior 3) malocclusion are considered only in the anteroposterior plane. Malocclusion in the transverse & vertical planes are plane. Malocclusion in the transverse & vertical planes are not considerednot considered

4) individual tooth malocclusion have not been considered4) individual tooth malocclusion have not been considered

5) there is no differentiation b/w skeletal & dental 5) there is no differentiation b/w skeletal & dental malocclusionmalocclusion

6) etiology of malocclusion has not been eleborated upon. 6) etiology of malocclusion has not been eleborated upon.


DEWEY’S MODIFICATION DEWEY’S MODIFICATION OF ANGLE’S OF ANGLE’S

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Dewey in 1915 modified angle’s class I Dewey in 1915 modified angle’s class I

& class III by & class III by segregating malposition segregating malposition

of anterior and posterior segments as:-of anterior and posterior segments as:-


MODIFICATION OF MODIFICATION OF ANGLE’S CLASS IANGLE’S CLASS I

TYPE 1:-TYPE 1:-Angle’s classI with Angle’s classI with crowded maxillary anterior crowded maxillary anterior teeth.teeth.


TYPE 2:-TYPE 2:- Angle’s class I with Angle’s class I with maxillary incisor in labio-maxillary incisor in labio-version (proclined)version (proclined)


TYPE 3:-TYPE 3:- Angle’s class I with Angle’s class I with maxillary incisor teeth on linguo-maxillary incisor teeth on linguo-version to mandibular incisor teeth.version to mandibular incisor teeth.(anterior in cross bite)(anterior in cross bite)


TYPE 4:-TYPE 4:- Molar and/or premolars are Molar and/or premolars are in bucco or linguo-version,but incsors in bucco or linguo-version,but incsors & canines are in normal alignment.& canines are in normal alignment.(posterior in crossbite)(posterior in crossbite)


TYPE 5:-TYPE 5:- Molars are in mesioversion Molars are in mesioversion due to early loss of teeth mesial to due to early loss of teeth mesial to them.(Early loss of deciduous them.(Early loss of deciduous molars or second premolar)molars or second premolar)


MODIFICATIONS OF MODIFICATIONS OF ANGLE’S CLASS IIIANGLE’S CLASS III

TYPE 1:-TYPE 1:- Individual Individual arches when viewed arches when viewed individually are in individually are in normal alignment, normal alignment, but when in but when in occlusion the occlusion the anterior are in edge anterior are in edge to edge bite.to edge bite.


TYPE 2:-TYPE 2:- The mandibular incisors The mandibular incisors are crowed & lingual to the are crowed & lingual to the maxillary incisors.maxillary incisors.


TYPE 3:-TYPE 3:- Maxillary arch is Maxillary arch is underdeveloped,in cross bite with underdeveloped,in cross bite with maxillary incisors crowded & the maxillary incisors crowded & the mandibular arch is well developed mandibular arch is well developed & well aligned.& well aligned.


LISCHER’S LISCHER’S MODIFICATIONS OF MODIFICATIONS OF

ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATIONANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION Lischer in 1933 further modified angle’s Lischer in 1933 further modified angle’s

classification by substitute names for classification by substitute names for angle”s class I, II& III malocclusionangle”s class I, II& III malocclusion

he also proposed terms to designate he also proposed terms to designate individual tooth malpositionsindividual tooth malpositions

1) Neutroocclusion1) Neutroocclusion

2) Distoocclusion2) Distoocclusion

3) Mesioocclusion3) Mesioocclusion


LISCHER’S NOMENCLATURE FOR INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MALPOSITIONS:-LISCHER’S NOMENCLATURE FOR INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MALPOSITIONS:-

Lischer add the suffix Lischer add the suffix “version”“version” to a word to indicate the deviation from normal to a word to indicate the deviation from normal positionposition

1)MESIOVERSION1)MESIOVERSION


2) DISTOVERSION2) DISTOVERSION

3) LINGUOVERSION3) LINGUOVERSION


4) LABIOVERSION4) LABIOVERSION

5)INFRAVERSION5)INFRAVERSION


6) SUPRAVERSION6) SUPRAVERSION

7) AXIVERSION7) AXIVERSION


8) TORSIVERSION8) TORSIVERSION

9) TRANSVERSION9) TRANSVERSION


BENNETT’S BENNETT’S CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Based on their etiologyBased on their etiology CLASS I:-CLASS I:- Abnormal location of one or more Abnormal location of one or more

teeth due to local disturbanceteeth due to local disturbance CLASS II:-CLASS II:- Abnormal formation of a part or a Abnormal formation of a part or a

whole of either arch due to developmental whole of either arch due to developmental defects of bonedefects of bone

CLASS IIICLASS III:-:-Abnormal relationship b/w the Abnormal relationship b/w the upper & lower archs and b/w either arch & the upper & lower archs and b/w either arch & the facial contour,due to developmental defects facial contour,due to developmental defects of bone.of bone.


SIMON’S CLASSIFICATIONSIMON’S CLASSIFICATION

Simon in 1930 was the first to relate Simon in 1930 was the first to relate the dental arches to the face & the dental arches to the face & cranium in the three planes of space-cranium in the three planes of space-

i.e. .Frankfort horizontal planei.e. .Frankfort horizontal plane

.Orbital plane.Orbital plane

.Raphe or Median Sagital plane.Raphe or Median Sagital plane


FRANKFORT HORIZONTAL FRANKFORT HORIZONTAL PLANE (VERTICALLY)PLANE (VERTICALLY)

F-H plane is determined F-H plane is determined by drawing a straight by drawing a straight line through the line through the margins margins of the bony orbit directly of the bony orbit directly under the pupil of the under the pupil of the eye to the upper margins eye to the upper margins of the external auditory of the external auditory meatusmeatus..


This plane is used to classify This plane is used to classify malocclusion and malocclusion and vertical deviationvertical deviation with with respect to the plane are:-respect to the plane are:-

1.ATTRACTIONS:-1.ATTRACTIONS:-When the dental archor When the dental archor part of this is closer to the F-H plane is part of this is closer to the F-H plane is reffered to attraction.reffered to attraction.

2.ABSTRACTION:-2.ABSTRACTION:- When a dental arch or When a dental arch or part of it is further away from the F-H part of it is further away from the F-H plane it is reffered to as abstruction.plane it is reffered to as abstruction.


ORBITAL PLANE ORBITAL PLANE (ANTEROPOSTERIORLY)(ANTEROPOSTERIORLY)

This plane is This plane is perpendicular to the F-H perpendicular to the F-H plane plane at the margins of at the margins of bony orbit directly under bony orbit directly under the pupil of the eye.the pupil of the eye.

This plane should pass This plane should pass through the through the distal third of distal third of the upper canine.the upper canine.(simon’s law of canine)(simon’s law of canine)


1. PROTRACTION:-1. PROTRACTION:- the teeth one or the teeth one or both dental arches and/or jaws are too both dental arches and/or jaws are too far forward far forward i.e. placed forward or i.e. placed forward or anterior to the plane.anterior to the plane.

2. RETRACTION:-2. RETRACTION:- the teeth one or both the teeth one or both dental arches and/or jaws are too far dental arches and/or jaws are too far backward, backward, i.e. placed posterior to the i.e. placed posterior to the plane than normalplane than normal


MEDIAN SAGITAL PLANE MEDIAN SAGITAL PLANE (TRANSVERSE)(TRANSVERSE)

The plane is The plane is determined by the determined by the approximately approximately 1.5 1.5 cm. apartcm. apart on the on the median raphe of the median raphe of the palate.palate.


Malocclusion classified according to Malocclusion classified according to transverse deviation as:transverse deviation as:

1. CONTRACTION:-1. CONTRACTION:- A part or all of A part or all of the dental arch is the dental arch is contractedcontracted towards the median sagittal plane.towards the median sagittal plane.

2.DISTRACTION:-2.DISTRACTION:- A part or all of the A part or all of the dental arch dental arch is wider or placed at a is wider or placed at a distancedistance which is more than which is more than normal. normal.


SKELETAL CLASSIFICATIONSKELETAL CLASSIFICATION

SALZMANN in 1950SALZMANN in 1950 was the first to was the first to classify malocclusion on classify malocclusion on skeletal skeletal structure basis.structure basis.

Skeletal class 1Skeletal class 1




SKELETAL CLASS 1SKELETAL CLASS 1

These malocclusion were purely dental with These malocclusion were purely dental with the bones of the face & jaws being in the bones of the face & jaws being in harmony with one another & with the rest of harmony with one another & with the rest of the head.the head.

The profile is orthognathicThe profile is orthognathic

further dividedfurther divided

DIV 1DIV 1

DIV 2DIV 2

DIV 3 DIV 3


DIVISION 1:-DIVISION 1:- Local malrelations Local malrelations of incisors,canine and of incisors,canine and premolars.premolars.


DIVISION 2:-DIVISION 2:- Maxillary incisors Maxillary incisors protrusionprotrusion


DIVISION 3:-DIVISION 3:- Maxillary incisors in Maxillary incisors in linguoversionlinguoversion


DIVISION 4:-DIVISION 4:- Bimaxillary Bimaxillary protrusion. protrusion.



These include malocclusion These include malocclusion with a subnormal distal with a subnormal distal mandibular development mandibular development in relation to the maxilla.in relation to the maxilla.

It further divided into two It further divided into two division based on features division based on features with a retrudedly placed with a retrudedly placed mandible.mandible.

DIV 1DIV 1 DIV 2DIV 2


DIVISION 1:-DIVISION 1:- the maxillary dental arch is the maxillary dental arch is narrower with crowding in the canine narrower with crowding in the canine region, cross bite may be present and the region, cross bite may be present and the vertical face height is decreased.vertical face height is decreased.

The profile is retrognathic.The profile is retrognathic.

DIVISION 2DIVISION 2:-:- the maxillary incisors are the maxillary incisors are lingually inclined,the lateral incisors may lingually inclined,the lateral incisors may be normal or in labioversion.be normal or in labioversion.



Here there is an Here there is an overgrowth of the overgrowth of the mandible with an obtuse mandible with an obtuse angle.angle.

The profile is prognathic.The profile is prognathic.


ACKERMAN-PROFITT SYSTEM ACKERMAN-PROFITT SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATIONOF CLASSIFICATION

Proposed a very comprehensive system of Proposed a very comprehensive system of classification which includes malocclusions classification which includes malocclusions in three planes of space in three planes of space tended to give an tended to give an indication towards the severity of indication towards the severity of malocclusion.malocclusion.

The system The system based on a set theory,where a based on a set theory,where a set is defined on the basis of morphologic set is defined on the basis of morphologic deviations from the ideal.deviations from the ideal.


The classification was The classification was illustrated using the illustrated using the VENN SYMBOLIC VENN SYMBOLIC LOGIC diagram.LOGIC diagram.

The classification The classification consists 9 groups and consists 9 groups and 5 characteristics or 5 characteristics or steps with in.steps with in.

The steps are:-The steps are:-


CHARACTERSTIC 1 (ALIGNMENT)CHARACTERSTIC 1 (ALIGNMENT)

Intraarch alignment and symmetry Intraarch alignment and symmetry are assessed as when seen in the are assessed as when seen in the occlusal view.occlusal view.

Classified as Classified as ideal/crowded/spaced.ideal/crowded/spaced.

CHARACTERSTIC 2 (PROFILE)CHARACTERSTIC 2 (PROFILE)

Profile can be Profile can be convex/straight/concaveconvex/straight/concave

it also includes the facial divergence it also includes the facial divergence anterior or posterior divergence.anterior or posterior divergence.


CHARACTERSTIC 3:- (TRANSVERSE CHARACTERSTIC 3:- (TRANSVERSE RELATIONSHIPS/TYPE)RELATIONSHIPS/TYPE)

Buccal or palatal cross bites are notedBuccal or palatal cross bites are noted

further subclassified as further subclassified as unilateral/bilateralunilateral/bilateral

skeletal/dental cross bitesskeletal/dental cross bites


CHARACTERSTICS 4:- (CLASS)CHARACTERSTICS 4:- (CLASS) here sagittal relationships of the teeth is here sagittal relationships of the teeth is

assessed using the angle’s class I/class II/ assessed using the angle’s class I/class II/ class III.class III.

Distinction b/w skeletal/dentalDistinction b/w skeletal/dental

CHARACTERSTICS 5:-(OVERBITE)CHARACTERSTICS 5:-(OVERBITE) here malocclusion are assessed in the vertical here malocclusion are assessed in the vertical

plane.plane. They are described They are described as anterior as anterior

openbite/posterior openbite/anterior openbite/posterior openbite/anterior deepbite/posterior collapsed bite.deepbite/posterior collapsed bite.

Skeletal or dental.Skeletal or dental.


GROUP 1:-GROUP 1:- Repersented as the outer Repersented as the outer envelop or universe.since the degree of envelop or universe.since the degree of alignment & symmetry are common to all alignment & symmetry are common to all dentitions.dentitions.

GROUP 2:-GROUP 2:- the profile is affected by many the profile is affected by many malocclusions so it becomes a major set malocclusions so it becomes a major set with in the universe.with in the universe.

GROUP 3-9:-GROUP 3-9:- Deviations in three planes of Deviations in three planes of space are represented by group 3-9 space are represented by group 3-9 which includes the overlapping or which includes the overlapping or interlocking subsets,all with in the profile.interlocking subsets,all with in the profile.


Group 9:-Group 9:- would be more severe with involvement of would be more severe with involvement of criteria from all groups.criteria from all groups.

ALIGNMENT : both arches crowedALIGNMENT : both arches crowed

PROFILE : posteriorly PROFILE : posteriorly divergent,convexdivergent,convex

TYPE : maxillary palatal crossbite,TYPE : maxillary palatal crossbite, bilateral skeletal & dentalbilateral skeletal & dental

CLASS : class I,excessive overjet,CLASS : class I,excessive overjet, class II dental & skeletalclass II dental & skeletal

BITE DEPTH : open bite skeletalBITE DEPTH : open bite skeletal


INDIVIDUAL TOOTH INDIVIDUAL TOOTH CLASSIFICATIONSCLASSIFICATIONS

INCISOR CLASSIFICATIONINCISOR CLASSIFICATION

CANINE CLASSIFICATIONCANINE CLASSIFICATION


INCISOR CLASSIFICATIONINCISOR CLASSIFICATION

Simple & more relevent Simple & more relevent than Angle’s classification.than Angle’s classification.

Adopted by british Adopted by british standard institute in 1983standard institute in 1983

based upon the lower based upon the lower incisal edges & the incisal edges & the cingulam plateu of the cingulam plateu of the maxillary central incisors.maxillary central incisors.


CLASS I:-CLASS I:- The lower incisor The lower incisor edges occlude with or lie edges occlude with or lie immediately below the immediately below the cingulam plateu of the cingulam plateu of the max.central incisors.max.central incisors.

CLASS 2:-CLASS 2:- The lower The lower incisor edges lie posterior incisor edges lie posterior to thecingulam plateu of to thecingulam plateu of the max.central incisors.the max.central incisors.

DIV 1DIV 1 DIV 2DIV 2


DIVISION 1:-DIVISION 1:- The maxillary The maxillary CI are proclaimed or of CI are proclaimed or of average inclination & average inclination & there is increase over jet.there is increase over jet.

DIVISION 2:-DIVISION 2:- The maxillary The maxillary CI are retroclained, the CI are retroclained, the overbite is normally overbite is normally minimum but may be minimum but may be increased.increased.


CLASS 3:-CLASS 3:- The man. The man. incisor edge lie incisor edge lie anterior to the anterior to the cingulam plateu of cingulam plateu of the upper CI the over the upper CI the over jet is reduced or jet is reduced or reversedreversed


CANINE CLASSIFICATIONCANINE CLASSIFICATION

CLASS I :-CLASS I :- mesial incline of the upper canine mesial incline of the upper canine overlaps the distal slope of the lower canine.overlaps the distal slope of the lower canine.

CLASS II:-CLASS II:- Distal slope of the max.canine Distal slope of the max.canine occludes or contact the mesial slope of the occludes or contact the mesial slope of the lower canine.lower canine.

CLASS III:-CLASS III:- The lower canine is displaced The lower canine is displaced anterior to the upper canine with no anterior to the upper canine with no overlapping of the upper & lower canine.overlapping of the upper & lower canine.

malocclusion dr rahim

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