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s qrns slounlDsu qr a u sleM.gl Bu lruexo ur uErlllrrruvpr.Jdornl u sou-ipn o].|qElaqarduotr@.11lr)pu tpqr sl.M r lcpueuqorl. rlo soruarodxa aL0 8urtrp&od ui pJts.rJrLr arou rq sua.s iLt asaqr ut 5oa6L

rqlurpa s, q.d Jca qr q^\lo lsou lpuP q prE qo4aLllto slunoDr 13 at )ooq raLllo srrl puP trPuoSry ar.r^\oq uoqa se.pr es.qr rno Pi)roM pltl r)s^\ou Pl\r ruarx-tla or rp. r rcu sr t la^aMoH rpJr lErrSooqtrisd llrlot pq.rado suoDntrsur tFiros Moq ilPirsuouiP puE sloq

u,{s a$ l.qursop ot srM ls PUo punl le)Sotoqrlsd JLllto )ts l rl|l rprpuets dnorS or ]or^PLPq .nP ^ Ptr pl.ruol piN.s os D qrrqM /s oqd,{s 1o isn elr LlSni,qr n) ^e aqtunltnr o1poxn^lotr.r.M spr.t lPnPi^ pur ar.u rp..Lr

LplSotoqrIsd prD etrr:otoq tEea ,un u.^.s.rrM.rrqlrPqrp.n' L)sMour Er i,tlsltelvr5,Lrro,lru.lur lPnpr^put.qlpue dnor aqr,,le$a 616 | e ut us,teuoDrunllPtrotoLtrisd s u^\ou) sr o,t sod teJraro.ll s,i)tsaou lpl,l z

'paFqurusr rsaq s, )ooq s,Llr tri a rolSu,qlaqlsdpqFd 'etn) rvr lo uo $nrs,p s,q su,3-q. r,.H i.aodprD'I]Juos'lBpu ro suo,rou raqt Q .M se 1i lrqPqur or|M J docd lo ,,sarerii rGralrlp all PU 'uo,8ar .qr Jo

iqderBooBc{ tpoqtio 9trrp.sr, s,q .snrs,p r)saourtpl.tlroarqlro sardelr oArrr,t puE uorDnporru Jqlut rfll-eJ utatsa$ aq lo slnPuaSty qderSouod zz6t Er)isaourrv\ jo Frdew prLlr; r sL ,.try .qllo s eDur$l ellii '

lzz6t ) .'l.rbd uarsa$ a\1 {o srn,lotry rorl

puB iparrodur arE daqr lrll or l.ulslP r\r u' cLqe-rnJordun uauo 's.trrrlrn Jo rsqunu rEdS e rrql.,-uc ol purlsr ;uo ruo4 Surlinrq 'ePB4 ,fieurPr.,uo ,ireJ sr.\Jt u aql rsDeL'lrru PUR slleqeure Jo

)Bupq.xa lrnlraqr rF],{ Jpls iq aPF

'snql ? snr

r3l PuE sauhoi)l: IrPPuoJeslo rr.lunr rB.$ E Pu'li^ a^oJ srr trrPUn ruoP Pue rr $ s PalBIJossErnfl rP)t rqr 10 rrJdslr leluauePllnJ aql teu aql.l .,1)rr n oN rll r Jo )iu

's3^l.suaqr srlqlrnP^ aqr or oslt s.qddr.,Plnje ur sic^ls 'etny o i aJuoj, rl&rurd aql leqros 'iuroP Sulnas rr^a srl Jo uogl3nh ou sI raqrpue rsPneqsursueqr PU' sullla DI PuIroJ rq s{E$-p [eu r bttlos lo 'yttlu uaNB lulr

rurc;V rr'.$PEuotalll pue ruraBlurJd p q ualu o$l Llse^lr.qdnp:auurd r: pue,,'e1ny;qr rq sne, I" qn)I aqlur a.uo,,3 r3q elu aqr 'dr$uorretar Btnx rq1 LIsr

uU rou saop uoprc uouresuPrl ruo uorssis.od ,,1 u' rull Jo Ln:u/r \u rol ')' 'u"e dq l idsdaat ra r ugttr ou snql r;uoqrxa ur lllPouuolnlrsoddo .L0 sa^r.Jar eq luotla urorl 'sr.u tdsrq Jo ruo l]1 L,o rr puBtt or slrq urqr PUB '(s:,srPLI,qs par Jo J..tp.tr) Davyros c ro 'ls eqs'utre)1lril'd tEa,\cs ro 31ro sr rarrtr df.lnBer ron q3 noq1,{LF.Torird ' tnr atJl u s otls ueu fta$ oJ'ariqf uo ur.rtr ss.d uaqr pue 'ru lrous B roluaqr plort 'spooB rq1 )^i.r.r {Es ()1 sr tlrqr Bl'1)

aqr q red .{er q.u Jo riqunu palruit sset roerou s 'eEBLlLr ,{.rrnJ ur pul] pDrtsltuaaa uO'seruourajer Jltqnd pue Fntr ll:.filn alproqeta ue{q prnDduoJre .: rln)t .q1 ro sr.e aruos puetuoqxa uor pue sJlru puonpeaJo t.s p dq parel{8.r pue parT sL suolr1rsucr1 .qr Jo llelap .fro, a'salrrrp qn) .qr to rurlui^olrr ,tua^A ueql rolP38ueq.ia Bnoq ,{puersuor sI puc ss'rlJ raqroarp Jo srlJilp,(BA sri uo slcru 1ln)r) prsol. aql o uoq..rlp tuo sr ul st)^erl 11 slr 'selJll]E asaqlJo qreg td& Palter Ltrts iralM Jo slelrJerq-puFI rIFo aqr senou uo r.rl?

alsoddo aqrur ' ,a,iros parrBr lloLls prr Jo sare|lJ.u Buol-sPlrDr

esarJr Jo auo dlruersuor s3 ou I'l.olJ E Iospqlrq ;)rI Jo troprrrp aqr ul ruol]:)arp .rrsoddour :ulta^or IFur-'lsuoJ erE ',{tuo spuli o,{r .s.qlpuB rspuDl or Jo sePrlE'atnor srqr Euolv "rqnDaaNto pu31sDIaqr ro rsBF PUB

qrrrrN iq1or sPuel-sr Jo r.qurnu r SuNro seq .qr .{q Prrursarlrrsi rr eraqs

^drht uo u.as a9 nBJ rrnuJ srrll 1nr.

'rJ pasotr B rutroJ qlq,s 'spuetsr Jo 8au ipLr t; 8ur'r qequ: scurunlrmor Iq xo PeluEJ sr rL lral)l:rElllRq.Ir-rarur

rrjrsua1{e Jo 'r8ueqJs ro urol 1r srEIqI aql r'3rurruoJrrd .qr or ParJord ,$.,d sn raltroDe eqr put 'ru3rs rtll paqFJsep snql B 'rH

(zt6 l-tBBl) I)ls^\ONllvW i \YrSlNoxg

apN zqt lo sl|,quassg aryI 'E t

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r 58

NIAP v Thc Kuh ring

indispeisablc there. Further, there are other ac-dyines. prclimilary tD the Kula, or associated$ith it, such as the huilding ol sea-gohg canoesfor the expcditions, cei.tain big lonns ofnortuarrcereDoDies, dnd prcparatory taboos.

the liula is thus an crtemelybig and complerinstitution, both in its gcographical e{ent, and jnthe manifoldness of iG comlonent putsuits. ltrelds together a considoablc number of tnbes,

and i embftces I vdst (ompler of I ctivines. tutercorrected, and plaling inlo one adodler, so as oIorm one organic rhole.r

\ar it must be renenbered that what appearsto us an ertensi , coDplicated, and yet scll or-dered hstitution is the outcoDre of ever so nanydoings and plrrsuits, canied on by sarages, nhohave no lans or ainr or characters deliniteiy laiddoqn.a They hare no hor'ledge of the ,o,a/ oat'

Jtz -+.1a :a(f

thc Klla ii specifk prylhoogical ieeds. Thc dcgrcc towhlch psychologi.ai f nltn,nalisnr is a.tua ly rcprescntcd n,.lrgorruts is oncle& O. (heon. hafd, it istru.thattheKula do.s serve at ein some oi the sevcn Psy.hologlcaliuncrion Malinosski e.uneates in l9J9: t ircrcd:r:thcir safct_v by sefting up .etworks of trad fg partncE andal cs and miy aLow I{r nov.mcnt and 8ros,th. Of theothcr hand, Malin.wskjdoes notaddrcss these ssues nry

where n t,A'autl and thcrc s litte evidence he h.dihem if mind as he was writlfSthis book.

r M.linowski takcs pains throlghout this chapter to emphisize the s zc and complex ry ol the K la. rris understinding oi it was conditioned by Spencer no&nr oi rh--nrial organism as a comp ex synem of intetre ated pr.ts.

a Not ce Mal nowski's chnrncterizition of tr Trol)ria.d lsL,J,','.1-i ,rl-'. ," ' -r, rl-,..lividu r(liont.n{l dotivet but r.rble to see their entircsystem. lt ilkes an ollsider, the ethnographer a.cod nE toMalinowski, to .ondu.t an objc.tivc analysis oi a soc ety

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5aru. rs tP]slqd clr pur lqduSoulr. $t$lJq sa).uDIsMou, t{ iSotelP.$ 05 eroN llla6Ll 996tllrt,)oso8E^rt dr uo6rard; plu rat u /{ioaql led pro s,pnarl)rex. {n spuPllor1.qr Dorl.rtP p3nr pue pna Jo rrul.{ot e .o r.q 'pu.q riqloiLl}uo r)saourl.r' |rlM p|or\i\Sulnp )troqs talsto su,rr,^ qna )lDM srq u lnr.sn Pn.purol dDuS,tas 'qtrrasa) trlsMo rlEr, ro, JSers a |rsq) r\ 1016L).J D '1.N L/srrg -/. sd.riouE/a^ a{/l

iluL

- 'r.qpr q-t io.$t.' ,or,odJ -\r' i .. r.o o P p-up'q"1. H- ttr P^- I

Iq patruinuu ua.q . pq lFu Ji$r Jlr uo uoudo s,r)s^\ourtPl,

Puei(0t6t lL)t.u8il.s' sa|Eqlrsalord

srq lq Pi9 aql U L)saou le^ ol J qD iD e oPeu sEM )roas,pnnr:l ]o uour.t.s v lq8noL|.trll. ?oqrisd Jo riu.l ltrllores sitEd,i diqs io a lirLlM drusrsls alraz,{l.tD

la^nralqo louuer uosrad e reql llLod ll sauirros urrrsaM u, -tdord rol.nr a {)r rtd,r ud ouPs aLl} p.^.rl.qaq xrt 'iraq e.pulF puErqorlaqrlo 3trui8L l.ltr.tll8ur-rrr8ruap lou sr r)s^louLlPt\'(6a {e$o aat ra}.| Lr.uorIe piolr. r.urnlrcttrr^llrtl lu od suoqnnrsu sI puE

auros iq trqloor ruo creJ or lqrsnrrsrP PUB Plu ]oor crra sa;eirs 'rF +l 10 '.nP

s'tl Jo lno auoPrq o1 lou.Edlr)us lno;u.JooJ cdo,ija, taueqrralp ,iq rrqri ruoP srtll Pu'r sl,urlur rEIDHrr-r, 'J,pouseds ul 'paau ro LDTBsP Jo $.rls rJP-rn 'uc,rrqlBor .to riuourral rJJ'lu lnoqllli ruoPlseltrurt) InJrsn ro alqesurdsPul lo ,SuqJxr utto rBrjr rq Plnos aPEq rarlr Fd lo uorlou rucr-:n: uo'd a aqr snq1, {Fr3iro' srJl"J ,tl1 dsBrl orr.Pio uL sPrse Paqs'rrq aq (]1 a^DrJ si:rPL Pa4ra.notrcia ':",pr'"1.,- Jo 1ol atoq.s E rlqr suoqPrlld-u, lu.rrtJlp iuBu os qrl$ JJn:lerqLl JrluouoJat,,, nt/pr3u,rtlr I rJiur' \ ur tJsr \l- ,tLrr I'rn$J,lr I rq "t'onH.tu JturqJu v," rr n uPJr PLL'uor1Dlar&Il] rpl,u .{IurIrqJ n s '. aPerr . Pro{

aqrcrl; ..q rr lr.rror ilrnb si srt[ rr]req lo suersdsrrqlo eprs'juol rr PBU'rr a{ Poo ,-r.PErr lo turoJi,o I ln\ Jq n,rldJ Js u^rrn lurrul Jtlr ur n lT

r urq F rrrouo d \JU rur\ rEurd(lL rFLl$punofi )rlr ',"1.) ur .\J'Ju \' rr PUF rJidnPrsi uoocl::uorsru arucH srlurouorT ur ueqr PrrgGdns rrou liulpuRlsrcpon rno PU ,quers rrousr a8p)l,roul rno errq,{ .JII .^nru]Id Jo rrrn''rJrlru or l Jr lr Pue iunnrrr'Fur'r Jr't,rrtll PU,: JrrrlrlI Puo Lllr|J$ lu rb rr'\ '- r.,,1r rlI$ frd rJ'ru) \' Llrr\ 'rLlr \P e((J):u.rou iql sl s q:t PuV suou.tuJraP PaIeroP PUear.iJsor rr{rrnJ no ut tuBrBBtP ro el.t Io os rsE a,urrs Ip qry aqt Jo uoorurJaP leraur8 aq.I,'suournpui snorrogel por sauLnbq n-uol lo rlns-rr rqr slr paurelqo are sJruarajuL Pasl'reue rsou)Lllar3q$ rlroa Pl.g J,LtduBouqlo uI eroP s lq1\' .t ,)\ r lo rrPru Jrlr JrJr\J' n' PPtl I ir^n.,,rqJp N' 'uuJ n,rP rJPrr\qP J\ulr' -ql bunrn ul

II

65r 14stu \brr Mlrtuaq ''N a\t Ia nb11 .sa aLL

's ll .qr Euouo 1sr.,(Ilear leqr se suolrlpuor lo r^rradsrad rqirr aqrrsol ol tou rrpro uI.{lE.lJ lr dsuij ol,ness:}:}3 slrI se 'aF{ rL palr.ilar $Eq l lnq (IA puE A suor-NC)nournpoJ1ul aqr u poql;uJo rulod srql uopeq.nor.^pq I uoltererdrrlut luarnsuoJ e p3P..urt.HA lnq ,{poqii.^J lo q:}rrr utqrrt asJq a^eqsIEAIe qrrLl^{ 't:1.p lEruru .Jir aql uorJ {roaqlsrq

srcrulsuo. tsprsiqdcql s1r qJnu nc

'uolrnr- srq BIq aqr lo artutld oqt rrr lsror or req r.qduSouqla aqr 'un:3y suogiesut]4 erp ItE lo salnr

pur s.rpl rqr rno PUS ol 's leql lellursscul PUPL"1u)Phre req,s PUt seoburl, 3sr9r uI ruE^3lrrpu. tuelsuor sr 1 qt rno pug o1 slq uaqr rll '3 lueau r a Bq rpJ]lrl.ror rou PLto lu.reqorur r1r)d

-de lqBu rwrs lsrs te qJtLt{ 's.IlI-lIrrE unrlrrr"q1 1no pug 01 sq .iJ 1l lo lsrlC rrqder8otrpq3rl1lo lsBr eql sl 'stuorduis 1ulr^.lrr'sno'tre^ aillII1r Jo srarJruis LrrrBolorJos .: Jo ltrrura 'qtro aqr'P,u,sqn lrPrJt rr lle lu uorrI13"rr I JLllrPlnno;qruo4 rloq.t aqr aes rounrr Pue t sr

rq :puru sr-q u rsrr tou saoP etrnlrrd IPrBrruaq1

roj prurclqo eq plnor rmlorJe ruJr;tloJ lelu'd.ar^r toN 'ar.q uc^81m uoplugcp > -r Su;q:eo:d{lr jiuqro rnq ' rtDI .tF uo s,tral a^prrfqnspu1r sJru.Frd\a Lruosird s;q 3unl:',(9 {a11rsou'sllDrJp .trJ e EuhB iq ra.qsaB Plnod aq 's' eInXrq1 nrqd urq ts? ()1 ei noi JI suolrEtrIdtulpur uorlrunJ teJ#olorros s+lo ss.l lllls 'uooiurs-uor Fr)os p.zrulr;ro 'brq B st 1rl1)l aqr lo r?.PIrBrLr.{rJ1? scrl e lreu luaBneraL lsou arF uJ a 1oN'r'juri lcluau lcr{l puo.{aq sr stql 'sedeqs uoqnr'usu 3^Il.rIIoJ rloq,s rqr iasrql Jo 1'1o , .,q 1nq'u3t0 l)1 .qddE rrrtld setru rq1 PUB suo'pe le'l-P \ Pq Jo asodrnd 3q1 , oq 'sa^uou 6 {) 4aql,sout {rgr, arnl)nqs lBtros rDtp Jo lue Jo 2e1l

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t60

.Lrstonran dlangemcni. n'.uinrg hI me ns ofl,'\r .h. " 1"'ir"l ^l- i 'i,'

. .. ,,'l" l.r ,. -: 'F I ' r'. Pr" ' arr, "''iii:-" 1,.. h tr.,lise cl.'atLi tl.at tlc Ktrla conlia-dicts in lhnos c\ery poini rhL: aborc dclinitlon ol

n er i . h JrLIL rert ligl'rI ('. ." 1tr ri' 'Jr"-,i''

Iorn ol crchange l is, iluirc on tlrc contrarliiooicd ir ni\11r, baclcd br Lraditional lar: rrdsurrrtndcd rirb nragicol rites \11its n.tin riansn.lidrs d,., Lmbli. an

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sgdDi8olorld ol

\r rdrdd| r., 'o 'or- JlP p I L ' rJr r

-,11n., -r,r'df ogol PJ '-o'- 1.--n oro'o|:Jr ar.rod \o lor\d o| ' 'llr: ".;.;, :"',.'.,\ .,I pl {.,o \'?oo'd-\

i,^,".'" ' ' l'l\"ooJd 'I 'nrr

"]i'.q. "rrq:,q

",i

"L"r "{ 'r)l'touLef\o1 uo*snrsrp

a.r I D| un --'.'il 'r.l ur ';uur' llJ'r' l'rilF

"'", "i - ."'q ' '",'r'\Jl r,FJ'rr iu uu' r''ni

,.'j' ,',"t"u r \rrtr 'lr\rr $uiF'L^ fuP 'lilrl\n Jd ruulu)\J lrrll rru4 Jn rlL id' uro \r'f

.,i,',':n,ou qon"q'"'Lfriu\PU' u^r''n\'l'l''otr 3.r'rurpd lP, l |t{{ u"'rrPJ'hJ?J lnu '\ol

,. l;u,-,u1',r ;,,w.q ' ,rPlLr\ )lr u' 'rd 1r ll'u qr

tu ,,x3', Ju.^'Pr'^$rd')ut Inr8u''l\' 'Lll

nl

'4"1,r Ioqr antt^r3urn3,{rN ur sillrEu 'qr

srIRU Pu surooF Jqrno rnPi sn se)tttu \trrg.t rPnlolr lEluoLU erresJ,tr i ',.t r Jur4 Jqr J' l-un rP \J nl le).rdotu. 'n. pu. trJ,itol"q)Fd r" I iruprrur' ,erJ'l

.rJJ,,' t':u, 'r\r \JIdun

PJ''q

'o'r\r rP'uJ\Lq

I u.rr,Pruur Irr rJ F nr rrrp$ I rrr'orl ' \r \rqlPu, - ro | \c1l)r rr^ urul 'l'iPlrrrJ' lrrr 'drol\rrrrJ\ .tt',u\ rrr\r:l rLr I n,r luJ 'uu \r 'l u

8/13/2019 Malinowski 2

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rccl . r,rl.r ' r' I' r' .' "11'n' r'r' "he' -r J',r'"'. 'h. "1,' ' ,:.o\ tr i' 'rr 'i r'r 'rJFe' r'nrict linila 1ons aid reguhlions. llrc of theserefos to the socnrlos-u of the crchangc, and en'tails that liula hansnclions car be done on1,v be'\./i ' t"r.r' . \ rr' r 'r '" i': rh' Krl l;rl ' ir' Ji'. ',1 . r rir,'lLu r1

it onhas onlv a lnlitcd nunlro o{

PeoPlc$ith

shom he deals. This partnenlrit is entered ulonn, , ,l.llnire ni rne.. undcr fiillillment of cerlain.nq' .,1 ri, ,, :".1 r "'r'LirLr". li l" r: r"l 'ti" ,-.\ip llc ' rrl' r ., P 'r 1Pr\ 'r "1 ,l-d''"^.,rrl .' . , r. .'n I in p"rr"""- \ ' "n rn 'n' inthc Trobriands rorld havc a lew partnos onl",'"1orc:s a.hiefrvoulcl numbo

hundlcds of theniThde is Do special social ntrchanisnr to llmit then. a "r,l,i|l .urc '-ut , nd ' rr"nr 'h-r "i|,. . '1,.,, l, r - r. n " ,rrlJ -ru' l' l "r

t"rrhat nunib$ of P.rlners hc nas enLitlcd bv his.,rkanduu,ri".. rnJrt..r, nrlcb, 'l 'r''r\.

-r.' nt," ul h. I i ,.Ji1r" r\..1n''lueurdeh'rr't" ,rl,rr rr h... r her. 'e ' i'r ' 'r,r ,l n\". .u rrr" rurrrr,, d. rr u" r, ,' I 'r"r't ine .'r'l, rnl.L un tl'-. "o' l' ,'l'u l"''

h,rnrlreds o Kuh associates. irhoeas a man of

'ninor inrDof.ncc $oul(llrale buL lew

ls., l-..t- D.a "r' 1 ." r" h,rr.,Ll*. rnr "sl .se"rh,r glri.i,"rrrrlt rh"rbchare as lriends, and ha\ a nudber of muilralLu|". .,,J nhli: ri. . $li' r ' n "rl- r\- J '-r. n, e h, r'e.r r ,.i \ ll's,. , r'l \'il' r\, i r"-( rr^,.1 r.rrr . i' "'.r'5, r ,r' 1"' l " r'',, , ne.,r l,'. -s ule lr:. n J.,"r'. in- r "' Ii'fLjcnds, and Nith lhcse p.rlnos. hc

jsgeneralll

"rr l r 'ri Jlt ,. rn . Ih l'."r" p n "r'hiloDC of the special Londs whjch unitc ti'o mcninto one ol the sl.lnding rclatjons ol nrutual c\-chanee of gifis anrl seniccs so characteristic olthcJ natirr:s. Again, rhe alcrage man Nill halc

,.t. r,- " ." rt-,.igl,,o,.ri,edistricts 'rilh 'rhom

he /.?las ln such a case. hc

"" tr - b"urrd ru ,*,.r .,nJ.e.. h, r nr., i

ous iars, and to oft(f them rhr pick ofhis lngr aFhen hc gcts a lresh suppL,r On thc other hand hc

"cr,l,l .rp,cr rr',' roL".p ;.'ll' itcr'.ul,i n'lhe overscas partuer is, on the olhcr hand, ahost, patron and alll'ni a land of danger and inse-curin. Noiadars, thoush Ll.c leeling ot

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ouc \do'. 1l'u,u' ruJdnluu uun rJrrp,1p,*' ^'p ", f ' PJ+'rI't

yrr"r\uu rrP sn.,n-.'".' io.r"tq' lo.tn\ u' {luln LF our 'rrrl.,r, u,r,"" ',':,lr'"F puP Lurrp'

r n1 l'qD JU."'ii".,,"'.u;,q, 1o 'rr' \ruruJ

rqr ll I'u\ rl,\a or dur"i 'r 'r,uroqruru'ldnrPur '' P'urrr-c.'.r r"ittt,ro"l''u': rq rrqrl\ru'r' souJrJU,,1." 'i,,,'

I'i"'p "i.,'r '"o11':druw'rs" u '"dl,r',r.,qr t 'rt -."," d ''Ll In Jtr' ur 'ro rurt1l Purrl,,' ,,',;e L"^ rorrnr'rrn ''r r)oL I \LrP U/rrq

,,u"i, u,'r-" ,qr )'n urrt -,\crL r)\J inr'q uol'1,,',",t 'iqr "-'l P rut I'nrr 'r' "IJrl 'q tl"". .'"'.,"'."a

uP,oduJr " s\ol'rr J'r Ll'lq$i',,"i",r1.,q"","r''r1uP l'rq qrrurLlrsrrr""d',, ,'r,; '" ',,1

,"' \r'l 'rPu qJ'l,,i'.,, ,*. ,,r, ut, ' ln)l JLrr trr lrPtl I'uP $oFl

'.'q '"i"'r' i"'t ': trrrl rqt '\LU \rr ''ll ur"uJ1

,,", l,l,.ri',;.t+ r",rpo,dJ, Jqro, Jrrq ' N^d''".'ii ,"' r 'o.r,o cri liP' r"r' r)Er'^l ro'a "rir .u' 'dr.r ,r\ {r Llrr\ 'Jtll I \ u'l$ Lr:r v,1",.',',' "","'".1"1''l'P'r'r'I''r'Pln\

ur'Jrol

.,-.ui a,,r.', '"o, Llrr\rvr lo rn' ll' rYl Pur

,',-,i p, *'1,1-,''n'P'' urrdr'1"' 'r"J'JtlrDuu \u4l,rJq ' l'Ju"u \lru"u' ur"l '1'Pfl 'J'ri ,q. r:,. 11 ',{i" ,; ,,'r ',1"r. 'd' ""r:" "r" {1r"i.1",, 'r "" ,, 'q'

ruFrrqurl qt In Jlnq Jtll

"' D DUlurl '" I'r"',t '"r^i lqPnlr:\ ':ln\

.,.','," '"" 'a,'i,'* )un uu r'ur'\\J,)urrr\ru,i',i,u,'' ' 'nq '-qrr' larP'rrrr r\'ul'\urrJ\

,' ;, r. '.' '"1,qr u\lyuurr'\JlP luors Jtir ur

" " " .rt.', "rrr"'',,"'rrr\uP|pLr J\-'r "Jr

-.'ii'"" s." ,,r, , o \rru r iJrrP /\'r'\ 'd'i' u \u

,.i,' u' r"'",' '\' sl rduuFrlJq' luP rrrJrlsL'ro'u". p,t" fA' ' Fr i \ 'ruFrr^drLr. r'1lP

ri 'Llrro ,r,n\ Jrlr ln Jtnr r/rllou ur \ r'1 J$ ro\

lrqru r'l' Jo Jl'rrrurrJJu 'rl LU rn llitls urn {lr 'r{lrr) u^ '(':*,, l, "'" r' r'"' rJLlruLr

JUn or Pr':iJ u'r$ uo r

^rn n,'u 'i,r1u11"p 'rur Pir"ld r'r 'Jiellrlu

,'".r,i', ii*',o : i,1"11 .","', "t'rrnrErrr\o'uin ,," r' , ,; .,', " ,u Prrr\

Jrl' lo Jil' cLl r\ ' //l' '1,, Jurrn r rr\ur lrLU'Jr"rb'r I rr rlrr''lrJrq.', .i"i' ','', rr'^d.1" 'qr ur \rlJLl\'ur, Jrlln

"1i"6*,r ' '"'rr" {lr fu' )'ot\o l' \tu'l J'lr

i'' ""rr"'.,,*ir -"t" irr^ JLlr Ln {oLJ \lrJ^F rol

,,. .,u"1,r. ,-nuru", "\\t \d 'nnr/i' tde \lrJ lclL'" ,q, t" ": p," ' uor\nurrrrrrnJ' ur 'llJrrr'In

.r.set\ n$r "tlrJ. durrl'q 's ilrrP u u'rlrr JIrou',.n ',t"-,r *, i" r"r"' urrr' 'ql 'r

rln'JrJr''n''i';",,,,,",,";",.'^u"',s Fu,,"rn\ Jrou'"q' "i l'"i,,"' 1",^, 'a 'o Jlru

\lllrdur\ldd\

'l)l ol rtl?'r LUnrJ

,rJ.tr,Jtr rqr Pu' rqBu "r rl)l uurJ rlrJ9\ rP,Jr.i*ra \tl FLut )tl Pr"$ r"qru ul un {lo(lurJ,rl pu,:q LrL| Pu'r ',r13J

''qqr' \J' nDu

.ur 'n," r'u, q rr 'l \rq tl r$ llJq d Jqr \J\r)r.- "'r "i'.'.

Jqr JU )rru/J tlr \Pr'$ur lEu.ru,u r;,d;u,, 's,, dLu 'ln\ )lrLr rtlur \uc r\.;"'l,;."','.'qr.," r"' P leJ'Ll'leriin$ 'qr ors srFr rlruuaP,i.qo or s'ri ?u rri^' snqlnq''c PU.ltJt.tJruv rLll {" llJa ' eno(o8 lo tl 'uF'P,,,qi"". r,.'."""'' "'", \rrlr i' qrnoltll 'J)rr\t,Jf b'qr u^4 '\rrrJr luP qrnn\ 'Lr' u

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htes .s a rule some h\o to ien ]tars kr malc

l his lcature olrhc l(tll.ls Perh.Ps iis nDst r.rrarkable one. snrcc it crerles a ne\ \P. ol o1\n.',hp.r', l. .rl" s"hrl rr"l''ir 'l'".,1 Ln.Lr',H-...r, "r'r. rl 'rrp,lson draun het1reer the rlngi,n {tiirn\ifian i2lu

ablcsl andLhc

turcpcanheirlooms. This i:ornpar-

ison brol,e doqn oI one Poinr: in lhe furoPeanobi(.ts of llris class. pcrmancnr ornership, last-in; associalio. $itli lhc herediLan cligDitr or ranh

". *lrh a famihr is onc ol its mainleatures

ID lhis th. Kula aiiclcs differ horn henlorrns,brr rescmble lnother tuc ol\alucd obiect iha is

.pl i.*. ;". ' '. '^r" r'r ' I'o' ^li",i."l'"' '' .,t.r lu- rn. ' 'l\ '" rh .,ansr.r'h"rt'r. gr ,'/ 'rJ,i,i:a Ill"pl'r, or I'r'rrr.r .1.|,Jp.r,d ""rgl- r'.,rrscd in any utilita an $a\i rel th. holders gcir,rnrl'r' .ta' r1/' I7-'-rl h rn'"

t" ,, {nr . r ,"r . "1 lr r: ",rirl r" rl.

H,, ,j,,.ir r. ","rl' ' u'"4 i't "rr"r',l, '"1'1",,.. ,-L '( . nr, ' , rh, .' 'r n r'r' I 'rrtt c, fa.rurcd bi siirilar social arrangemorts lheiescrrblancc goes so tar thd i1 the Kula rhere erists rlso tlrc ,:lcmenL olpride in Derjt, an clenerlwhich timrs the naln ingrediort h tl.c pleasurc.rl'. 'r" -"r' '"l ir ' "ll \" ",nt.r.i. ' r *.1 r".-.i,l l'""'l n\'r' h'm.iDl\' kr migjc. arl men arc \'en' froud of ir'U,',. .'.h""." ,., ,,\:1., -' r '.'e.r'rl'hn t\,. r , , '\. uDr. i, cd h\ , r . ' rr.rr,r '-^All rl " .i1," so fu cnumernted

looking at

Llren f"m thc indnnlual ponr of rjew lirnnthe so.irl rarsc and thc direction of the lrorlsa.-tions as sell ris rhe ilurarion of o{IeNhb ol'iher.1,.. 1"". p rt\.n " rl'. p'r Il "'

ot drcir integml cllcct. th L,pe rhe frcn.raloudhc of the liula, gi\e it the cllaracter ot th.double closed circuiL. Nos a leir *'ords must Lcsaid abou the nature ol cach n nnlual ransacrion in s. lar as its (o,,,1.rcini t.)chnic iLies ateco,-eu.rl ll, p.-. l,1rP,rl'' '.'-l trl

VThe main prih.iple undohirlg dle kgulations olactual erchafgc is that the Xula consisrs ir lhe be'sLoriing of a cercmoniol gill {'hi.h lus lo b. re'p.rid br an e(lural'nt .orLnter gili, after a lapsc ofii-c, t," it o feu hours or ercn nirllrtes, dlol,ghsoDrctinres as nn,ch as a lear or rnore mar r:lapseLrcl\\ccn patmcrLs.r llut it can n.\e b elchingedftonr hand to hrnd $ith the cqulraLence Lct$ceDdrc r1 o objecis discussed. Lrgained about and."r n r".l ll'. .1.. r n "lrl ' r"..' . "i, I i'slricd kept. lnd highlvlalued. The natnes shalph'i.ri 'r,.1 ,, 1" "'.r.rl",tl ". 1 " "-,, .''', I' or rh . h Lh.. I -r.. t., ,, , r r\ h.\' ' . i ".t '' ' r'

rrr"ri,ir :qrwlt. Often. $ lr c 1 .riticisinq .r. jncorred. tooiastr or i,r,lecorous procedure ol litrla. thcr lillsavr "Hc condrLcrs his l(uld as if ]t $ere gi,n dli

'Ihc sccond rel inrportdn frilciple is lLat the' r\'.n" l,l' ^ r.r-J'ri. -rrurl ' si\Fr

"", ." "' ,".,t,,'..otJ. , ' i,, n' '.,.ir, \partner uho has reccilcd; Ku1a gili is e\Pcctcd toglre bacl lait and tull ralue. thrl is. to give as goo.l-r,u ,n.l ''." r', tl-"

h'. \J.,i ,. '"1h " , " ..rl,c

-u '.J I

.n, nl , ". .nr L' ..'Fr I I i noncs. th.lush internedi.rrc eifis Dar be gnen r,rmark the bc{bte the rcal rcpa\Denl takes Placc'2

rr Nlai .owsk wi\ .on.er-d $iih ditie'.itiat.3 ris brafcloil n( ilona i:n iron th.i otA R Rrl. iieErNnlsc..si r.1 /1. ln.\skl $e.I) {as.e .dnon hn liersonilt,,," ir, " " ."ltu. ...tc\t. $h.rcas

R&1. iftc Bror I stld edsoci.r drd.tLrre ns an .bnra.t reflls.rtiii.nr that hc belcle.l existed.d.p.f.lefL oi hunr.n be fgs on.oithemon niponint d iioenes bct\te-'n the xlo theorllls wrs

tr.r N1a no\ikl b.lie ea in the irrponin.e.iinditi'l'

'(

wihni a.r Lt '.. lleie he slt.k. oithe Krh as mtrfv itli id .r trnr\.r.tiofs r,rking Pln(:e s mu tn reousj Rid( iile

Bro$,n, or fie oLh.r hand, re l. cdthilt )e stud ot( lt '.as fd du hrnran berrlorwas mposslb c.r' / lalinowski\ Kula dcs.rit)r on is .ofrnlel.d one oi lliesediina worlt lr Lh. dclekrl)nenL or e

8/13/2019 Malinowski 2

11/16

\' laLros L u punqJqor" d r -lr tld 'l'' r''1\ 'Pl ' itr L' o

'l'.,','"."/lEtro$Jorlo rrr 'qr

- lir .HU l,' lr Ifl

uo 5 :ror l Jq

^," ; ' ".' r.rpdrr:n":,;r",' "W':rorb','-a,o,r 'o '",.."''''"'

i, u +"'' d. si, " 'lqoi \r'slu3uLir nbor ter SoLo 'Inl pu' DrLSolo s'iqd leiP ^

- pu .rJA sp-ru -srqr ,\lorluLJ n lfLll PlE st)rJ ueu'q

.r a,-, I "q ti ldrro ri-^,,:..,'1i^ r.., :qp.,d pJ.r'.P'rr',".' ';""'-

q r F.ll .io \' ' \ o r"'-uoj."lr" ro..Hrlu.nt""luapuodrpul iqrP'zFlqnu'f,itirn iLoo u ' dlrrr

.',.r, . .;", ';..r ''"'" ' I on''-: , ." r "tr", ,.,., I.I^ | nl,, :-,r'r'u or r ',d " o_l r ' Lfw,'"" ,

oillroo -r. rr ro.F -ll

ll^' , , uiri l'iln

., -rr\"rt-Lllrl' l '

\,,, \a r'rrJ\ uFrr 'p Lr ,lr$ 'ro'rr Jvl r'rq ruf

i.j"'"' 'i""' ,'r' p'i- """' '"- ' rlnr ur/rLU'

ILt \ q .p rr' 'u ''jPur rJrrer 'rLlr ' | 'fiuJ l' 'Jr'"lr"i:ur ro rt,lrrrrr'r t"ru Jrr:lunl "l'

\nLII

' rJr'l' q' 3 rr sull'"Llrlri ss3ulr.lJ rurrrrllns qrl4\ ucis rq lLl'{\s q1 PdE

'ru.,Jur \tr.ruq1l' \' \rr'1 \rrd 'r'JJr \ rl

.r,ruuu','ir''nb' r1r.lo r"'L"U PJ'n'ldo \ll"..i,,,1;';,",'; qJ,,,u ': 'r ,r, '"r '/:"b /'':,',,,',',','"

,'t1t"'t'd " 1 r^ r"'llrr'r'd ' 'u '*rd

;;. ':;. ,n " , ';i,; ' :"1 "',rr',j"J''r '' o'u:'Ii-,,,"'"' p, p,u+q"'r'1 'qr"l'r' 't'"'"" i1, rrq' q :ti rn'u.r L'r'' un r"rrrlrr' lr:rou 'rLlI'' r'\upund lol,rJs),qr. (r''nr 'u-b 'l u" "'r\'crorBrur'' \.u \r\rr,u ,trr tlr'rl\ r nu" lJurtlr \ruu Juleq, lr.',r 1' '.rt'"1' r.oru {tFI l/Jn r' '* 'uu' rl{i,',^'"u"t "q iir \t rlrrr)$ ri I'ur \tl'lPr$

J1

.r.r rrprs,.l FL,"qJ.dur'l ('urlu rqrqrllI-... i" l-"' ,,

".1"qr rr: 'un'"J

'llPur' \ /do

^,;,.",;,,, "'' ".',"",''; rr1'"r"rr'"'rrnr.1urljo,.lFunui r 1n

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rr r r.- r). \./ip , 'it 1;P" ' I n"lir\ rh, '"L;.1nnrrr,'sulat r i rr,.ir. urJur r. l hi. Ju. ' ,armean that pcople ;re allravs saUsficd, and lhatth$c ate no squabbles abo t dle lrrnsactions. noresentmerlts and ercn fcuds. It is ob'ious thar,hour*r rnuch a nan ffa\ lran Lo gn'e a goodequilalent for lhc object rcceired, hc may not beable to do so. And then, as there is rh'?]s a lieenconDctition to be the nost senerous gi r, a narNho'has receircd less than he gave ri'ill Dot Leephs uit,:nr. ro \in\ll, l,Ll'rrl tr|g -b"rrr li'n$ r e.n, rn\ir\ 1.o iurt,'F ir 'u r,i. p n ",'meannessi the od1cr resents it, atld thc quarrel isrcadt to Lrrcak out. But it is vclyimPo ant to rcal'isc tirat thcre is no actual haggljng. no tcnderL)to do a man oui olhis siure- The giver is quite askcen as rhc re.eivcr rhat the eift should bc gcDer-ous. though tbrdiffocntreasons'lhen, of course.thoe is thc imporlant considcration that a manuho is fair and gen$ous iD thc Kula ' ill

atha.t al.'r

eetstrt.'rr r" hrm'clI rhJn :i riern unc ri

ll " r$" m"in p in, p.' r ' r."l\ lr'r rh 'r rl"liula is a sitl rcpaid aftcr an inlcllal of limc br acountci'sift. and not a barterirgi and second, Lhatthe equj;leDt rcsts rith the giver. and canno bcFrlu',.o, ,ur c.rrrrh' e 'c"r th'gelr rr:",.:,intbaclt on the erchange these underlie all thcfr,n

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orr-, r d --d .ro r r. o '13 u ro :'ri'"r',t-,' .o' ' dL 'lr P'e 'dro rop d'r i' .o q', r. 'o o r' ' ' rl\'o'rl h d

r 'r rl'r--.3".p.t., r ' .tqot,l r'\ o ru'pr'ilrt9)o. poor' "l,L ' "q".r'*-u-,-q "e o ' o'- ol' "\'

o'"np Iro'riAP.iog so J -\\' ^d

.r |'d1'\'u r'/ ' orl r\.r urie d b q

'..tt. rn\.dq o "dP .''d

-ulal,, cqr pueuoten,asqo luEdl'r]rPd

'r LlslLlr l r'ln

'.lod aFM t..pL;soqN suPF{D aqr ple slsruoisnlr P igrlp.lrartp sr ]i.sn r.q luo]]odursr -loupol si )ls^\ouLler {t

oo, : d. u rp r "l -\ '''o' 3 ri o"' \J d rotor q pt') ,.'o \r'"o-Jrrr'3'r' r'rr'.""r. {.', a,-t{,o.od, ',d Jd, rPdJ

"".o]r,"rf|*ntou,"op 1.^o rr,\'pauoLllaullparlrd

", '.' .' .',,.- ,.",o.1r " P.|u-Pl ' t'/,, .;,q ,: t ." .1

qlM l..l or rrulpd e itrnpur ol ur^r8 slluFro 'qr rlqlrrJ -rLl orrq8lra alllL $N3eq s grJorsntr' anlE rrloquls{Luo Lt} \ suarLlo 33teqtrxa .ql 'sr l'rl} tpu' l orPlJ'I'vr'r'',o' o| lJJr qPd .'.l orrlru.uuDr r,LlsMourl t\r lo LPtrrrlr riaM nsLo'ql rar l j

\,rollnrt'.ut \tt' rr' P 'ltdur ' J 'rrrP " 'rn \rLlr "llu.,ur | \J'ro \irPuou\ \r r r rlr nJP \'r\ rrr1 ,'qr pu. ''.u'u,l rur \e 'n\l

Jlr lurF' Lr \fl,' -"urr -u.l 'P "r Pr r 'u" t

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t70

themselvcs. Bv studying lhe behaviour of the na-tives and all the customs in question, $'e see lhatthe ltula is ib all respects rhc main aimr the daksare li\ed, thc prelininaries scttled, the er?editionsananged. thc social orgiuisation detennined, notFith regard to hade, but \ jth regard to ltula. Onan epedition, the big .ercmonial feast, held atthe start, ref$s to th Kula; the final cerenony c,lreckoDin . aod countinq thc spoil refers to Kula,not to the objects of tr.dc ohtained. Finalll thenagic, rvhich is one of the main factors of all theprocedure. rclirs only to thc Kula, aDd tliis npplies eveD to a Patt of the n.gic carned out overthc.anoe. Sonrc ntes in the wholc cvcle are donefor thc sake of d1e .anoe itsell .hd others for thesakc of Kula. Thc construction of the canoes is alwat's canied on direcily in connection sith aKula expe.tition. All this. of course. q'ill becomereally clear and conrincing only alter the detailedaccount is giveh. But it rvas nccessary at thispoint to sel tie right

Perspectilcin the relafion

betirccn the main Kula and tlie tradeOt course not orllv many of thc surounding

tribes who knos,nothing ofthe Kula do build ca'noes and sail fu and daringly oD trading cr:pedi-tioDs. but clrn witlin the ltula rnrg, in thc Tro-briamls for nrstance, there are sc\'cral villagessho do not trla, ],et have canoes and catry onentsr."r:, o\Fr.er. t 'J. B,rr hl,"'c r\( hul. i'practiced, it governs ill the oiher dlicd activities,"nd , .rooe b, rrld i rg.'nJ r rrde "re rr rJc 'ul*iJianto it. And this is expresscd both by Lhc nature oftheinstitutionsandtheworkingof all the.ffangc-

ments on thc one hand, andby the beha'iour and

c\tli. it ,r.,rcm.rr\ ol rlI rrrri', " on rh, urher'The Kula jt becones, I hope, nore .rnd

riore,le"r- ( a l,ig. . urntli, 'red i r'r irrliun. in

signiicant though jls nucleus might appear. Tothe natives. it rcprcscnts one of the most vital nlte.ests in 1ife. and as such i has a cerenonialcharacter and is surroundcd by nagi.. We canwell imagnre that afticles ol wcalth nlght passfrom hand to hand withouL ccrchonv or ritual,blrt in the lftla they Dever do. Ercn s,hcn at timeson1,v small panies in one or L*'o canoes sail over-seas and bnng bach ralga',r, coLain taboos areobsened, and a custonary coursc is taken in de-parting. in saihrg, aDd h arilirgr clcn the small-cst eapedition in oDe canoc is a lribal elent ofsome importance, lnorvn and spokcn of orct thes,holc district. llut the characterislic cr?cditionis onc in s'hich a considerable numl*r of canoesLake pat, orgadsed in a ced.dn manhcr and fbnn'ing onc hodli Feasts, distibuljons of fbod andother public ceremonies are hcld. there is oneh"a"r ind m".r"r uf rh..'I aliriun. 1n.l ,ario,r-rules arc adhered to. nl additioh to the ordinaryKula taboos and obsenmces.

Thc coemonial nature ot thc Kula is stnctlyborrd ut, rvirh anorh"' "f t. J\r.'r\ n19,."Thc bclicf in the eHiciencr of nasic dominatesthe Kula, as it does e\@ so nrny olhcr trihal actiFilics o[ thc nati'es. frIagical ri .s must he per-formcd ovcr the sea-going caroe whcn it is built,h ordo 10 make it srvift, sread) and safe: alson.gic is done over a canoe to malc it luckv in theh rl.r. \r "'h, r ,\'r", , ul n,J i, ,l nr.. ' d"ne i,ordcr o alcrt thc dansers of sailnrg. Thc third rys'rrm ol rn.reit ronnected s 'Li ur.r- .'' crt' diti" -is the 'najla or thc Kula magic proper. This sys-tem consists in numerous ites and spclls. all ofwhich act direcdy on the nintl i@olal of onc'spaftner, and nakc hin soft, unsteadv in mind,and eager to gilc Kula gifts" (loc. cit., I,. 100).t'g

his ime working out the inLrre aiions ol elcmcnts wthina iciety. SlnriLarl), Ma inows, disdcsed popular d It "slonlsts slch as w. ts. R. Rives lnd Cralion Elliot Smith{l871-l93/), who were tryjng to ptuve that al cuhurc be_gan in an.lcnl [gypi rid d]ffused trod thcrc.

\a 6r I'lJ.' .r apo "r ,1 roL , n J , l "e\', and Ma i.owskl discuses fie subjecl n otherchaplets

oi Argonalts and ln his .ter works Magi., s(ien{:e, rDdRerg/o, (r 954 I 925)) aft .-.tal C arlc nt antl r he i M agt.q.. \4 ||,o..kh\ -. .gdg"i-.rl-a Fo. f o,

of his mcntor, StJames Frazer. Frazr, a popu ar $eorlsto r opoog) ,o j,rj . tri.drro-T, , ntive societies h.d maSlcal be icfs and other supedi rns becauselhey had sohe rbrm olprinr ti\ mentr ity and werclncapab c oiscient Jl. thougln Concerned with presenlingpeople in slmpe so.ietcs as rato.., Mr liowski wascaEt lto distingunh the coft.xls in which maSlcwas usccl.lre arSued thal lh.TrobriandeE wef,- just as intclLgenl ts

anyonee seand lsed mag c in cir.unsta.c.s that were be-yond rrtnrna control. Thus, maslc had a prldological fun.'iono, , trp"d blP i, n,

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'Ipoq JqrJo ua$.(s lrore n1itr aqlal IpaouDrBerP.q uer r raslis LEr6.{qd E tr uelsls E sr e n) ll 'lrld l I l'u .'r. ^ rqror'd_

I'

^3. u, "Jror'lp'e r'L

'Sulptrnq iourr sp lrns .l,l pueDlor1 ]o slradqr raqFIrqor'ir''.r '^, '\d'i

lorloulDr auo +rcd pae ix.rlrlo uilsls u seaarn] .i lDqlla .q si )tsaou, PN arPlsuouip sldrr8.rPd a^o rqlr

)FuPqJlc Lrurrl'qr aql rnogE ueql suotriPe&e PI'r)I sEesi.^o 'tllino.t, {e\o1/JUu

l,PPooirJ\url{olJ'Jq'llrrl'| \i \rtJ, \'Hd'u,t"rd PU' r urlir'ro/rd .lu Jrorui*,,,", .,.".," rrrdl,Jr \'ut 'iJ..r ueuolsnrpuL rr rr tn 'rEeu

rlPruuudr) ) ' rlq rr ' rouqrntrru'e'ub.' *1' {, 11 'tn\ JqrJo rr",l 'rrl'r)Er'r''d'LUru.,qr rLt rq . r \unrrrPJtL\'' 'er )\o i q rlu

sals aqr . our.(aqr iroJ.q strru'\o tert{es jiul8ll1rllr uaqo' pueq (]1 pueq uo.g prssed alo saPgre aqr qrlqsm aPeI PuELul a$ s 3irqr astu .uo 3uo]e Prur.. ert srlqenN^ Io lunouE rlqEraP'ssoi ssaL ro

Jrn,u I rlr u\ uhu"rrrl'"4\ ' 'r''u"'o irq "'lr Jr'.| iqr r ,q:\r'u\ oqr jo ',su.Lrrur l uo P\urLrsr r8ueqr\a

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8/13/2019 Malinowski 2

16/16

172

As rhe Kula customs and beliefs have 1,.-'nainly studicd ih Bo\o$8, that is, the trobnandlslands, and from thc lloloran point of fierl Ishall describe, nr the hrst placc, the tlplcal courseofan orerseas erpediLion, as it is preparcd, organ-ir J, "nd . "rr-l u,.r i orn rl-c lrnhri,rd.. Bcginningsith the coDstruction of lhc .anocs. procccd-ing to the ceremonial launchine and thc isits olformal presentation ol canocs, tc shall chooscthcn the community oI Snraketa, and lollou thcnrri'cs nn "ne oI rh.rr uv r.r.. ,Jit.. J,*.,i1'i, eit in all dctails. lhis \rill sene us as a tYpe of aKula e.rpcditjon to distant laDds. It tlill then bei, dr,:,rrJ in "hir iini"Ir. r' ',r,1, . \p",lir'"r'm.r' differ in orho hranches of the RLila. ancl forthii purporc I shall dcscribe an eqredition fromDobu, aml onc hcftvcen lftiwina and l(tava. Araccount ofinland Kula in the Trobriands. ofsomeassociated forms ol lrading and of Kuh nr the re-naining branches will complete the accoont.

ln the next ch.pl$ I pass, lherefo.e. to theprcliminary stages ofthc Kula, i. the Trobnands,bceinning with a des(iplioh ofthe canoes.

NOTLS

.By 'curdrl ie'"t" I n,ean ch $ is lo bc hund intcxtbook and in pa$ing ren rk, scatrercd lhroughcconomic and edrnological lircralure. ,^s a baffer ol1dcl, Economics is, subjccr er seklonr touched uton.ilher in theorticd $ork or lrlhnologti orn, ac..rntsot lield'r'orh. I havc cnlarged on this deficieDcy nr thearticle on "Prn tilc conot,i.s, ' pu hlished nr the E.,nami. lorntal, \tat.l1, t921.

The besr dnr\sis ol lhe t rohlen of slage ccon

on\n,,h l"'"l ,, '." ' r,r''\"t r, -..nr K. Biich.r's lrrhstrial Erolu tn)n. ' lnglish traNlation. 1901. On trimitjve tra.lc, horv.v(, his ic$s lrcinadcqrale. ln a.cordaDce rvith lis general vicw thaisaldgcs h e no nadmal cconon , he rnan,hiis d,at

rD_ stnead olSoods among narii?s is achieltd br non-cconomlc nreans. such as robheri, tributes and gilts.ll, 'f,,"'r ,{ ..,,ii,pd ' hFf"+.r 'ol"n-,.i,-coDrpltible wirh Biicher's \iess, nor could he halenunrhnred drenr hld he bee. acqnanrted sith IraF, r , d*,,ip.i,, , ,,f I " Hi,i ', n,, .,inFd in \"litr' ,.

A unmar} olthc rcscarch.lone oD Pnmitn Economi.s- sho'ving, in.nlcnrally. how littlc rcal, smd$orl has bccn ac.omplihcd, will bc l;und nl Pdtcr\ /.IGtFr\ "Die tlhnologischc U/ncrhalld;rschunla"ti

^n1htuj16.X xl, l9l5 16, pp. 611 651. lnd

971 1079.'lhe arti.le is very useful, ehere rhe aulhorsummarises the \ie$5 of others.r,Pr.rlessor c. G. seliSnran, op. cit.. t. 91. states rhararn sLells, tocn, as drer are called hy the Nlotu. arerradc.l lrom thc R,rt \ldesb distric vest\ard to $eGull ol Papua. Anong thc Xloiu and Koitu. nc,r PortNloab lhc arc lighl lucd, and nosadays drrain\er\' high prices, ut ro 130, bech morc than c p lbrthe sarne ani.le amorg ihe Nla$jm.'This and thc follouirg gnotrinnN ar. lrom thc Alhor's prclnnhd4 articlc on thc Knla nr Ma'?, Jnh1920. Arriclc numbcr

jt.p. 100.1,, o . er no, .o Le Cr il) ol ,n' oh' {en' ) i, ,.ing

loosel lhe $o ".ereft,onial' I shall define i trneflyI shall .all an a.tion ceremonial, if it is (l) tubllc,(2) .anied on lnder obsenD.e ofdefinite formalitiesi(l) il it has $cioloSical, .eligious, or Drl8ical import,and it caries $,ith it obligdxrs."this is nor a L;ncilul consrn,ction of (hat an eno-reous otinioi night be. for I couLd gnt actnal ex-,mt es trori,rg rhat such opnrions hare been set forth,but as I am not gilin8 here a critici$D ofensdnS theo.ies ofPrinritire E.ononrics. I do ro vant t