MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE BRAIN

VISITH DANTANARAYANA

GROUP 301

CANCEROUS TUMORS

• PRIMARY CORRESPONDS TO THE TUMORS ORIGINATING IN THE BRAIN.

• SECONDARY CORRESPONDS TO THE METASTASIS OF TUMORS INTO THE BRAIN.

PRIMARY SECONDARY

RADIOLOGICAL ARRAY

• BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CATEGORIES COMPRISE MALIGNANT TUMORS.

• BUT RADIOLOGICALLY THEY HAVE CERTAIN CRITERIA, CRUCIAL FOR THEIR DISTINGUISHED IDENTIFICATION.

• BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TUMORS ARE HYPERDENSIVE MASSES.

• HOWEVER, PRIMARY TUMORS HAVE CLEAR UNEVEN BORDERS WHEREAS THE SECONDARY ONES HAVE CLEAR EVEN BORDERS, SO TO SPEAK.

• METASTATIC TUMORS USUALLY EMBOLDEN MORE THAN ONE MALIGNANT PROCESS.

SEVERITY

POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS

• HEADACHE

• SEIZURES

• VOMITING

• AND EVENTUALLY SYNCOPE MAY DEVELOP

MALIGNANT AND BENIGN TUMORS

A MALIGNANT TUMOR WITH CEREBRALHAEMORRHAGE.

Along with traditional surgery and radiation, another effective therapy is photodynamic therapy (PDT). By combining a photosynthesizer and a specific light, PDT is able to be relatively selective and specific for certain types of tumors. The benefits of PDT include:- No negative interaction with other ongoing therapies- Does not cause immuno-suppression (a weakening of the immune system)- Not toxic- Short treatment time, results in 48-72 hours.

GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME• GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME IS THE MOST AGGRESSIVE

(GRADE IV) AND MOST COMMON FORM OF A MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMOR.

• EVEN WHEN AGGRESSIVE MULTIMODALITY THERAPY CONSISTING OF RADIOTHERAPY, CHEMOTHERAPY, AND SURGICAL EXCISION IS USED, MEDIAN SURVIVAL IS ONLY 12–17 MONTHS.

OLIGODENDROGLIOMA

A MALIGANT TYPE OF GLIOMA THAT ARE BELIEVED TO ORIGINATE FROM THE OLIGODENDROCYTES OF THE BRAIN OR FROM PRECURSORS.

IMAGING AS THE MAIN MEANS OF DIAGNOSIS

• INVASIVE METHODS –PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

• NON INVASIVE METHODS –

CT SCAN, AND MRI

THE INVASIVE PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY IS NOT IN USE DUE TO ITS HIGH INVASIVEQUALITY REQUIRING THE DRAINAGE OF CSF FROM AROUND THE BRAIN AND INJECTING AIR.

RADIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS

• GAMMA KNIFE RADIATION THERAPY

WHEN THE MALIGNANT TUMOR IS VIRTUALLY INACCESSIBLE WITH THE AID OF A SCALPEL OR ANYOTHER SURGICAL INSTRUMENT.

STEOTACTIC SURGERY

• MINIMAL INVASIVENESS

• ACCURATE FOR SMALL MALIGNANT TUMORS DIAGNOSED AT AN EARLY STAGE.

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