Male Reproductive Tract Anatomy & Physiology

By Erma Safitri

Learning Objectives

To be able to describe the male reproductive system in the bull. Structure Function

STRUCTURE :

MAIN GENITAL ORGAN : GONAD / TESTES TRACTUS REPRODUCTION : EPIDIDYMIS, VAS

DEFERENS, AMPULA & URETHRA ACCESORIES GLANDS : VESCICULARIS, PROSTATA &

BULBO URETHRALIS (COWPER) OUTER GENITALIA ORGAN : PENIS, PREPUTIUM &

SCROTUM

Components

Scrotum Testes Duct system Penis Accessory

glands

TESTES

DIFFERENT BETWEEN SPECIES :

MEASUREMENT FORM LOCATION

PACKED IN SCROTUM SAC

PACKED BY SHINE WHITE CAPSULE : TUNICA ALBUGINEA

THE GLANDS TUBULUS FORMED

Factory• 1-25 X 109 sperm/day• “Plant” must be air

conditioned

Factory• 1-25 X 109 sperm/day• “Plant” must be air

conditioned

Warehouse and Delivery• Storage 10-50 X 109 sperm• Sperm for 5-10 ejaculates• Smooth muscle contractions

upon sexual stimulation

Warehouse and Delivery• Storage 10-50 X 109 sperm• Sperm for 5-10 ejaculates• Smooth muscle contractions

upon sexual stimulation

Finishing School• Fluid Absorption• 8-25 X 109 sperm

– membrane changes– nuclear & flagellar

stabilization– motility, fertility– cytoplasmic droplet

translocation

Finishing School• Fluid Absorption• 8-25 X 109 sperm

– membrane changes– nuclear & flagellar

stabilization– motility, fertility– cytoplasmic droplet

translocationDelivery System

• Erection• Protrusion• Ejaculation

Delivery System• Erection• Protrusion• Ejaculation

Alterations & Packaging• Metabolic substrates• Surface coatings• Transport for sperm

Alterations & Packaging• Metabolic substrates• Surface coatings• Transport for sperm

Testis Epididymis

Tail of Epididymis

Accessory Sex Glands

Penis

Bull ReproductiveTract

EPIDIDYMIS

CONSIST OF : CAPUT, CORPUS &

CAUDA THE WALL : CIRCULAR MUSCLE

MEMBRANE

Epididymis Structure

Caput Epididymis

Cauda Epididymis

CorpusEpididymis

DUCTUS DEFERENS• CONNECTED : EPIDIDIMIS - URETHRA• FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS/ CORDA SPERMATICA

• Vas Deferens• Limfe• Blood Vessel• Nervous

• AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS BULL, STALLION, RAM, GOAT : + DOG & CAT : - BOAR : SMALL

• COLLICULUS SEMINALIS : ORRIFICIUM

FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS• Vas Deferens• Limfe• Blood Vessel• Nervous

AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS

CANALIS INGUINALIS

Vas Deferens Structure

COLLICULUS SEMINALIS

Testes Structure

Rete Testis(within the mediastinum)

Tunica Albuginea

Vas Efferentia6-12 tubules

Caput Epididymis

Cauda Epididymis

CorpusEpididymis

Seminiferous Tubule

Vas Deferens

Spermatic Cord/ FeniculusSpermaticus

• Vasectomy

PampiniformPlexus

TesticularArtery

Spermatic Chord

Pampiniform Plexus• Counter Current Exchange

39°C - 34°C 70 ng T/ml - 4.8 ng T/ml

•Vascular, lymphatic and nerves

•Heat exchanger

•Houses cremaster muscle

Spermatic Chord

Parietal Tunica

Vaginalis

Cremaster Muscle

Vas Deferens

Pampiniform Plexus

Bull Testis

Tunica Vaginalis• parietal• visceral

Tunica Albuginea

Structure of the Testis

Rete Testis(within the mediastinum)

Tunica Albuginea

Seminiferous Tubule

Bull Tract

Cross Section

Longitudinal Section

Scrotal Cross Section

testicular parenchyma

mediastinum

Scrotal Cross Section

Testis

Testicular Parenchyma

Mediastinum

The Testis

Mediastinum

SeminiferousTubule

Rete Testis

ASCECORIES GLANDS

• VESICULA SEMINALIS/ VESICULARIS

• PROSTATA

• COWPER/BULBOURETHRALIS

Bull Tract

Pelvic Genitalia

Pelvic Genitalia of the Bull

Pelvic UrethraMuscle

DUCTUS EKSRETORIS URINE & SEMEN

CONSIST OF :

PELVIS DEPT : DUCTUS SILINDRIC PELVIC FLUOR

URETHRAE DEPT: CURVE SERROUNDING OF

ARCUS ISCHIADICUS

PENIS DEPT

Bull Tract

Pelvic Dept

Penis DeptUrethrae Dept

• PENIS URINE & SEMEN

• PENIS CRUZ, CORPUS & GLANS

Glans Penis

Glans PenisGlans Penis

PENIS

* DORSAL : CORPUS CAVERNOSUM

* VENTRAL : CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

URETHRAE

* DORSAL-VENTRAL JOINED IN GLANS PENIS

CORPUS FIBROSUM

Cross Section of Bull Penis

Penis Cross Section

Corpus Cavernos

um

Corpus Spongiosu

m

Urethra

1. FIBROELASTIS Flexura Sigmoidea

EX : BULL, BOAR, RAM, GOAT, BUFFALO

2. VASKULER

EX : STALLION, ELEPHANT, PRIMATE

Reproductive

Organs of the Bull

Cowpers Gland

Caput Epididymis

Cauda EpididymisTestis

ScrotumGlansPenis

Bladder

Ampulla

Seminal Vesicles

ProstateRectum

Vas Deferens

Gubernaculum

SigmoidFlexure

Retractor Penis

Muscle

• PENIS VASCULARITATION :

a. interna-externa pudendal &

a. obturator

• INERVATION :

Plexus Pelvicus,

Pudenda & hemoroidalis Nervous

Arterial Supply

SKIN COVERING FREE PENIS NOT ERECTION

& CAUDAL PENIS IN ERECTION

MUKOUS LIQUID SECRETION + LIPID + BACTERIA

FROM EPITEL WALL GLAND PREPUTIUM

SMEGMA PREPUTII

MALE GENITALIA PHYSIOLOGY

TESTES :• REPRODUCTIF FUNCTION

SPERMATOZOA PRODUCE TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS• ENDOKRINOLOGY FUNCTION

MALE HORMONE PRODUCE/ ANDROGEN

SPERMATOGENESIS- SPERMATOCYTOGENESIS- SPERMIOGENESIS

HIPOTHALAMUS

HIPOFISIS ANTERIOR

TESTIS

SPERMATOGONIASEL

SERTOLI

INHIBIN

FSH LH

SEL LEYDIG

TESTOSTERON

ABP

GnRH

MEKANISME HORMONAL HT – HP - TESTIS

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS

FUNCTION :FUNCTION : TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION KONSENTRATIONKONSENTRATION MATURATIONMATURATION STORAGESTORAGE

SKROTUMFUNCTION

1. SHOCK REDUCE SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBROSA MEMBRANE SKIN

2. THERMOREGULATOR EKSTERNA ET INTERNA CREMASTER MUSC TUNICA DARTOS A TESTIKULER & PLEXUS VENOUS

PAMPINIFORMOS POSISITON IN FUNICULUS SPERMATIKUS

Tunica Dartos

• Thermosensor• Radiator• Protective sac

Scrotum

Contraction of the Tunica Dartos

Tunica Dartos

• Smooth muscle

• Androgen dependent(Testosterone)

Testis

VAS DEFERENS

• TRANSPOR SPZ FROM CAUDA EPIDIDIMIS TO URETHRAE

• AFTER CAPUT EPIDIDYMIS JOINED BLOOD VESSEL, LIMFE & NERVES => FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS

• AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS

ASCESORIS GLANDSASCESORIS GLANDS

1.1. VESIKULARISVESIKULARIS

- 50% VOL BULL EJAKULAT- 50% VOL BULL EJAKULAT

- pH 5,7-6,2- pH 5,7-6,2

2.2. COWPER & PROSTATACOWPER & PROSTATA

- URINE NETRALISATION- URINE NETRALISATION

- pH 7,5-8,2- pH 7,5-8,2

URETHRAE

• DUCTUS UROGENITALIS URINE & SEMEN

• COLLICULUS SEMINALIS :

Corpus cavernosus Vesica urinaria

covering at ejakulation

Preventif semen entering in vesica

urinaria

EJAKULATION MECHANISME

LIBIDO ↑

HIGH SPERM KONSENTRATION & NON

MOTIL FROM AMPULA

SECRETION FROM VESICULARIS &

PROSTATA GLANDS

COLLICULUS SEMINALIS COVERED

URETHRAE BASE WALL SUDDENLY CONTRACTION SEMEN SECRETION

SPRAY

COWPER SECRETION URETHRAE CLEANSER