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STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE

BRAIN

PROSUN DEYROLL NUMBER - 1012

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGYSERAMPORE COLLEGE

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The differences between genders---extend beyond what the eye can see….

• Psychological sex difference occurs due to interaction of genes, hormones and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan…..

But

• brain morphology and function studies indicates that male and female brains cannot always be assumed to be identical from either a structural or functional perspective, and some brain structures are sexually dimorphic………

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HISTORY• Ideas of differences in the male and female brain circulated during the time of ancient Greek

philosophers around 850 B.C.

• In 1854, Emil Huschke discovered that "the frontal lobe in the male is all of 1% larger than that of the female.

•  Until around 21 years ago, scientists knew of several structural sexual dimorphisms of the brain, but they did not think that sex had any impact on how the human brain performs daily tasks.

• Through fMRI and PET scan studies a great deal of information regarding the differences between male and female brains and how much they differ in regards to both structure and function has been uncovered

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HUMAN BRAIN

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Males have bigger brains—which doesn’t mean they’re smarter• Volume Around 1130cc In

Female,1260 cc In Male•Males Brain Are 10% Larger

Than Female• Skull Is 2% Greater In Male

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Female brain is multi tasking --

Why?

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CERABRAL HEMISPHERE

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IN MALES• Strong Left Hemisphere

Specialization For Verbal Processing • Strong Right Hemisphere

Specialization For Spatial Processing• Mostly Used Left Hemispheres

IN FEMALES• Whereas Females Show Greater

Bi hemispheric Participation In Both Verbal And Spatial Processing

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EFFECT

(1) Lower Verbal Ability In Males(2) Women Are More Capable Of Managing Several Information Flows

Simultaneously, While Men Get Irritated When They Have To Do Several Things At The Same Time.

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CORPUS CALLOSUM

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The Corpus Callosum Is A Thick Band Of Nerve Fibers That Divides The Cerebral Cortex Lobes Into Left And Right Hemispheres. It Connects The Left And Right Sides Of The Brain Allowing For Communication Between Both Hemispheres.

The Corpus Callosum Transfers Motor, Sensory, And Cognitive Information Between The Brain Hemispheres.

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At around the 26-week stage, girl fetuses generally start developing A thicker corpus callosum

The brain inter-hemispheric connectivity was greater in women's and girls' brains, whereas intra-hemispheric connectivity was greater in the brains of men and boys

Men are able to separate information, stimulus, emotions, relationships, etc. Into separate compartments in their brains, while women tend to link everything together

Men see individual issues with parts of their brain, while women look at the holistic or multiple issues with their whole brain (both hemispheres).

IN MALES AND FEMALES…

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The male brain

is geared slightly more toward

mathThe female

Brainis geared slightly more

Towardlanguage.

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LOBES

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MALE• Inferior Parietal Lobe Much

Larger

FEMALE• Frontal And Temporal LobeVolume Is HIGHER In Which The

Areas Of Broca And Wernicke Are present

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• Mental Mathematical Abilities,understanding And Manipulating Spatial Perception Of Time And Speed, And The Ability To Mentally Rotate 3-D Figures Are Higher In Male

•  Women Are More Attuned To Words And Sounds And Are Normally Better At Learning Languages.  This Is Also Why Men Tend To Have A Harder Time Expressing Emotions Verbally.

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WOMEN BRAIN TRANSFERS DATA FASTER AND ATTAINTIVE TO MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES

WHY?

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GREY,WHITE MATTERAND

CONNECTIONS

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• Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.• White matter is a component of the central

nervous system, in the brain and superficial spinal cord, and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers.

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MALE• Men Think More USING “Gray

Matter”,• Male Brains Utilize Nearly

Seven Times More Gray Matter For Activity

FEMALE• Women Use More “White

Matter”. • Female Brains Utilize Nearly

Ten Times More White Matter

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CONNECTIONS• Male brains appear to be wired front to back with few connections

bridging the two hemispheres• In females,the pathways criss-crossed between left and right

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HIPPOCAMPUS,AMYGDALAAND

LIMBIC SYSTEM

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• Females Have A Larger Hippocampus And A Deeper Limbic System And Dominant Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Than Males, Which Allows Them To Feel The Full Range And Depth Of The Emotional Spectrum

Women Are More Emotional, But We All Knew That Already.

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Women Feel More Pain, But We All Knew That Already

• Upon Experiencing Pain, Men’s Right Amygdala Is Activated, While It’s The Left Amygdala In Women. • Since The Left Amygdala Is More

Closely Associated With “Internal Functions,” It Is Thought That This Is Why Women Experience Pain More Acutely Than Men Do.

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WOMEN HAS MORE LONG TERM MEMORY AND RECALL POWER• Activation Of Hippocampus Is More Dominant On Left Side Of Female

While It Is More Dominant On Right Side In Males• This In Turn Influences Cognitive Reasoning,women Use More Verbal

Strategies Than Men

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NEUROCHEMICAL INFLUENCE ON MALE AND FEMALE BRAIN

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oxytocin improves spatial memory• Through Activation Of The MAP Kinase Pathway, Oxytocin Plays A Role In The

Enhancement Of Long-term Synaptic Plasticity

Women Are More Likely To Suffer From Mood Disorders

• Male Brains Synthesize Serotonin Far More Quickly Than Female Brains, Which May Explain Why Women Are Far More Prone To Depression.

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Women handle stress better than menBoth males and females release the hormone oxytocin during stressful events. But female estrogen combines with oxytocin to produce a calming effect, whereas male testosterone only makes men more aggressive

Estradiol Influences Cognitive Functionspecifically by enhancing learning and memory in a dose-sensitive manner. Too much estrogen can have negative effects by weakening performance of learned tasks as well as hindering performance of memory tasks; this can result in females exhibiting poorer performance of such tasks when compared to males

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INTELLIGENCE

Despite the physical differences between the male and female brain and how males and females utilize their abilities there is NO IDENTIFIABLE DIFFERENCE in intellectual ability between the male and female brain.

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WHY WOMEN LOVE CHOCOLATE MORE..??

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Chocolate Helps The Body Generate SEROTONIN, Which Is The Happiness Hormone That Regulates The Mood, Reduces Mood Swings And That Even Prevents Depression!!

If Chocolate Assists In Making People Feel Better Then Why Do Only Women Love Them So Much?• The Hormonal Levels Of Women Keep Changing Every Now And Then

As A Result Of The Menstrual Cycle And This Makes Them More Vulnerable To Mood Changes.

• Women Love Chocolate So Much Because It Helps Them Regulate Their Mood As A Result Of The Hormonal Changes They Experience.

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Gender Difference Of Brain Helps Us To Know • Which Disease Is Prone To Specific Gender• Better Difference Between Males And Females• It Also Helps The Parents To Guide Their Children Better

CONCLUSION

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI Would Like To Thank All My Respected Teachers, Departmental Staffs , My Seniors, Friends And My Parents For Their Help And

Support In Completion Of This Project.Specially I would like to thank CHANDRIMA BHATTACHARYA &

DEBOJYOTI DAS for supporting me in this Project.

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REFERENCES• Gini A, Larrivee D, Farisco M, Sironi VA Neuroscience and

Neuroeconomics 2015, 4:1-10

• Thomas GP, Jobst BC Medical Devices: Evidence and Research 2015,

8:405-411

• Bryukhovetskiy AS Journal of Neurorestoratology 2015, 3:39-55

• Vilotti S, Fabbretti E, Nistri A Journal of Receptor, Ligand and

Channel Research 2015, 8:31-41

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