Dr. Sherwan R SulaimanMD / MSc / PhD (Medical Physiology)2011-2012Physiological Differences Between Male and Female

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Objective of the Seminar

Understanding normal (Physiological ) differences between male and female.

Explaining the possible cause for these differences.

Giving proper justification for having these differences.

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START

GeneralLook and outline1

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Never the same.Because of the differences, life looks more beautiful.Both tries to mimic each other.After all, male is male and female is female

General Outline Physiological Differences

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Genetic DifferencesScientists decoding the human genome have discovered that at least 78 genes separate men from women.

More ..Differences in SIZEThe average 18- year-old man is 178 cm tall and weighs 65.6 kg, whereas the average woman of the same age is 163 cm tall and weighs 57.4 kg.

Nervous System.Brain 2

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Systemic Review of the Physiological Differences Brain size: The male brain is typically about ten percent larger than the female brain.Brain hemispheres: Many men are sharply left-brain dominant, while women tend to be more evenly balanced between left and right-brain processing. Relationships: Women are purported to have better communication skills and emotional intelligence than men.

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Systemic Review of the Physiological Differences Mathematical skills: The inferior-parietal lobule, which controls numerical brain function, is larger in males than in females. Stress: When faced with stressful situations, men usually employ fight or flight tactics, while women use a tend or befriend response that is rooted in their natural instincts for caring for their children and establishing strong group bonds.Language: Women often excel at language-based tasks for two reasons: two brain areas that deal with language are larger in females, and females process language in both hemispheres while males favor a single brain half.Emotions: Since women tend to have a larger deep limbic system then men, theyre more in touch with their feelings and are better at expressing their emotions.

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Spatial abilities: The parietal region is thicker in the female brain, making it harder for them to mentally rotate objects an important spatial skill.Susceptibility to brain function disorders: Men are more likely to be dyslexic or have other language disabilities, since theyre more often left-brain dominant.

3Skeletal MuscleMuscular System

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MUSCLES

Men have 50 percent greater total muscle mass, based on weight, than do women. A woman who is the same size as her male counterpart is generally only 80 percent as strong.

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4BONESSkeletal System ..

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BONESWomen have less bone mass than men, but their pelvic structure is wider. This difference gives men anadvantage in running efficiency.

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5Adipose TissueFat ..

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FATWomen carry about 10 percentage points more body fat than do men of the same age. Men accumulate fat primarily in the back, chest, and abdomen; women gain fat in the buttocks, arms, and thighs.

6Heart The Cardiovascular System

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HEART SIZE AND RATEThe average womans heart is 25 percent smaller than the average mans. Thus, the mans heart can pumpmore blood with each beat. The larger heart size contributes to the slower resting heart rate (five to eightbeats a minute slower) in males.

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7Flexibility

Women are generally more flexible than men

Flexibility

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8Lungs

LUNGSThe lung capacity of men is 25 to 30 percent greater than that of women. This gives men still anotheradvantage in the processing of oxygen and in doing aerobic work such as running.

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9Response to Heat !Thermoregulation .

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RESPONSE TO HEATA womans response to heat stress differs somewhat from a mans. Women sweat less, lose less heat through evaporation, and reach higher body temperatures before sweating starts.

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10Endocrine System..

Hormonal DifferencesFemales are dominated by estrogen and progesterone, males by testosterone. These hormones are contrasting in their effects. Progesterone, for instance, is a female growth hormone and also the bonding hormone. Testosterone is the male growth hormone and also the sex-drive and aggression hormone.

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More differences are found

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THANKS !