Making your city clean and profitable : Waste to Energy

Kwangsoo KIM

- 2 -

Contents

`

1. Introduction of KDHC

2. Types of waste to energy

3. Waste to energy of incinerator,

Case study

4. Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) combustion

- 3 -

Introduction of KDHC(Korea District Heating Corporation)

- Negative growth

- High inflation

- Imbalance of external accounts

<Long queue of line to buy oil>

Energy Efficiency?

Energy Security?

Two Oil Shocks in 1970s

- 4 -

Introduction of KDHC

Establishment : 1985(Loan from ADB, US$32M, Repaid by 2003)

Seoul Mapo Area First District Heatiing Project

- 5 -

Present status of KDHC

Name

Korea District Heating Corporation

Establishment

1985.11.1

Purpose

To save energy, to reduce pollution and

to increase the convenience of the public

Organization

1 CEO, 1 vice president, 2 headquarters,

14 divisions, 18 branch offices

About 1,700 employees

Major Business

Integrated Energy : District Heating and Cooling

Electricity

Renewable energy

Financial Status(as of 2014)

Asset : USD 4.7 billion / Sales : USD 2.1 billion

Sales volume

Heat : 1.4M households / Electricity : 1,631MW

Share Ownership

Government & Public Companies : 75%

Open to public in the stock market : 25%

Credit Rating

International : A1(Moody's)

National : AAA

- 6 -

Waste To Energy ratio 25% and increasing

26.2%

59.1% 5.5%

25.0% 68.3%

15.9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

`96 `97 `98 `99 `00 `01 `02 `03 `04 `05 `06 `07 `08 `09 `10 `11 `12

Landfilled

WTE

Recycled

• Reduction : control use of disposable goods, adopt volume-rate disposal system

• Reuse : adopt deposit system on empty bottles, plastic bags, and etc.

• Recycle : support recycling facilities, promote recycling industries

• WtE : support government aid, strengthen pollutant management

• Landfill : recover landfill gas, strengthen pollutant management

Policies for waste in Korea

- 7 -

Types of Thermal Technology

Thermal

Technology

Mass Burn Incineration (MBI)

Advanced Thermal Treatment (ATT)

Mechanical Biological Treatment(MBT) + Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) Combustion

Item Total Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification

Number of facility 184 167 13 4

Capacity(Ton/day) 17,207 15,739 1,355 113

*. Thermal treatment facility(over 100t/day) = 49 sites

- 8 -

5 processes of Stoker Type

Delivery

∙Weighing station

∙Sliding gates to stop odors

Waste Pit

∙Waste storage

∙Waste cranes to mix waste

∙Fire-extinguishing system

Furnace

∙Feed hopper

∙Grate

∙Ram feeder

∙Primary air

∙Secondary air

∙Bottom ash extractor

Boiler

∙Steam production

∙Water / steam system

∙Electricity production

∙Districting heating / pocess

∙Steam

Flue gas treatment

∙Electrostatic precipitator

∙Reactor

∙Fabric filter

∙Scrubber

∙ID Fan

∙Stack

- 9 -

4 major Incineration plants in Seoul(capacity 2850 t/d)

Nowon, 800t/d

Mapo, 750t/d

Yangchun, 400t/d

Gangnam, 900t/d

DH &DC plant(KDHC)

MP Inc.

- 10 -

Environmental effect(Low pollutants)

NW

MP

YC

GN 0

0.05

0.1

MP NW GN YC

[ng/N

m3]

Dioxin (< 0.1)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MP NW GN YC

[ppm

]

NOx (< 70)

- 11 -

Status of energy supplied by KDHC using incinerator

The Number of Inc., connected to KDHC, has more than doubled since 2004.

811

1,080 1,181

1,275

1,615

1,924

2,066

1,896 1,968

1,903 1,966

5

7

9

11

13

15

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Nu

mb

er

of

INC

.

En

erg

y f

rom

IN

C.

[th

ou

sa

nd

MW

h]

Year

Energy from Incinerator

Number of Incinerator

- 12 -

RDF

Combustion

MBT

Process

Mechanical Biological Treatment+Refuse Derived Fuel Combustion

Refuse Derived Fuel

Flue gas treatment RDF boiler

Steam turbine generator

Stack

※ Busan RDF production facility

Shredder Wind separator Size separator Magnetic separator Refuse Derived

Fuel

- 13 -

Case Study : RDF Cogeneration(electricity + district heating)

Gwangju-Jeonnam New Town : 50thousand people, 20thousand household

Division Content

Capacity 22MW+52MWth

Fuel (RDF)

492ton/day

Area RDF MT(21,900㎡)

RDF CHP(111,274㎡)

Investment ($us million)

RDF MT(79)

RDF CHP(99)

Output (Estimation)

Elec. : 170GWe Heat : 349GWth

20

50

15

30

70

0.1 5

40

10 10

25

0.05

0

20

40

60

80

Dust CO HCl Sox Nox Dioxin

ppm

RDF CHP Environment Protection

Regulation by Gov. KDHC Design

- 14 -

Nanji landfill, Korea

(1990)

Nanji landfill, Korea

(2014)

Case Study : Change of Nanji landfill site in Seoul

Worldcup Park(Nanji-do)

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Conclusion

- 16 -

Kwangsoo KIM

KDHC Renewable Business Team

kwangsoo@kdhc.co.kr