makalah tektonik dan geomorfologi

8/17/2019 Makalah Tektonik Dan Geomorfologi

1/17

PENGANTAR TEKTONOFISIK

MAKALAH TEKTONIK DAN GEOMORFOLOGI

OLEH

WISNU PERDANA

F1H1 14 013

JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOFISIKA

FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN

UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO

KENDARI

2016


2/17

1. Neotektonik

Menurut teori le!en" te#toni#$ !eru#%%n &ui ter!e'%(

en)%*i &e&er%!% le!en" te#toni# &e+%r, Le!en" te#toni#

%*%l%( +e"en #er%+ #er%# &ui -%n" en"%!un" *i%t%+

%+teno+.er -%n" '%ir *%n !%n%+, L%!i+%n terlu%r &ui #it% ter&u%t

*%ri +u%tu le!en"%n ti!i+ *%n #er%+, Ole( #%ren% itu$ %#%

le!en" te#toni# ini &e&%+ untu# &er"er%# *%n +%lin" &erinter%#+i

+%tu +%% l%in, Ger%#%n ini ter)%*i +e'%r% teru+/eneru+ +e)%#

&ui ini ter'i!t% (in""% +e#%r%n",Teori Le!en" te#toni# un'ul

+e)%# t%(un 10/%n$ *%n (in""% #ini teori ini tel%( &er(%+il

en)el%+#%n &er&%"%i !eri+ti2% "eolo"i+$ +e!erti "e!% &ui$

t+un%i$ *%n eletu+n-% "unun" &er%!i$ )u"% tent%n" &%"%i%n%

ter&entu#n-% "unun"$ &enu%$ *%n +%u*r%,

Le!en" te#toni# ter&entu# ole( #er%# &enu% continental

crust %t%u!un #er%# +%u*r% oceanic crust $ *%n l%!i+%n &%tu%n

ter%t%+ *%ri %ntel &ui earth’s mantle, Ker%# &enu% *%n #er%#

+%u*r%$ &e+ert% l%!i+%n ter%t%+ %ntel ini *in%%#%n lito+.er,

Ke!%*%t%n %teri%l !%*% #er%# +%u*r% le&i( tin""i *i&%n*in"

#e!%*%t%n !%*% #er%# &enu%, Dei#i%n !ul%$ eleen/eleen 5%t

!%*% #er%# +%u*r% mafk le&i( &er%t *i&%n*in" eleen/eleen

!%*% #er%# &enu% elsik ,

D%er%( !er&%t%+%n le!en"/le!en" te#toni#$ eru!%#%n

te!%t/te!%t -%n" eili#i #on*i+i tektonik !n" !kti# $ -%n"en-e&%%n "e!% &ui$ "unun" &er%!i *%n !e&entu#%n

*%t%r%n tin""i, Teori le!en" te#toni# eru!%#%n #o&in%+i *%ri

teori +e&elun-% -%itu6 Teori Per"er%#%n 7enu% Continental Drit

*%n Pee#%r%n D%+%r S%u*r% Sea Floor Spreading,

Le!en" te#toni# -%n" eru!%#%n &%"i%n *%ri lito+.er !%*%t

*%n ter%!un" *i %t%+ %ntel i#ut &er"er%# +%tu +%% l%inn-%, Di


3/17

&%2%( lito+.er ter*%!%t l%!i+%n &%tu%n '%ir -%n" *in%%#%n

%+teno+.er,K%ren% +u(u *%n te#%n%n *i l%!i+%n %+teno+.er ini

+%n"%t tin""i$ &%tu/&%tu%n *i l%!i+%n ini &er"er%# en"%lir +e!erti

'%ir%n uid, Lito+.er ter!e'%( #e *%l% &e&er%!% le!en"

te#toni# -%n" +%lin" &er+in""un"%n +%tu *en"%n l%inn-%, 7eri#ut

%*%l%( n%%/n%% le!en" te#toni# -%n" %*% *i &ui$ *%n

lo#%+in-% &i+% *ili(%t !%*% Pet% Te#toni#,

T%&el 1, N%% Le!en" Te#toni#

7er*%+%r#%n %r%( !er"er%#%nn-%$ !er&%t%+%n %nt%r%

le!en" te#toni# -%n" +%tu *en"%n l%inn-% plate boundaries

ter&%"i *%l% 3 )eni+$ -%itu *i8er"en$ #on8er"en$ *%n tr%n+.or,

Sel%in itu %*% )eni+ l%in -%n" 'u#u! #o!le#+ n%un )%r%n"$ -%itu

!erteu%n +i!%n" ti"% triple junction *i%n% ti"% le!en"

#er%# &erteu,

Batas Divergen

Ter)%*i !%*% *u% le!en" te#toni# -%n" &er"er%# +%lin"

e&er%i break apart , Keti#% +e&u%( le!en" te#toni# !e'%($

l%!i+%n lito+.er eni!i+ *%n ter&el%($ e&entu# &%t%+ *i8er"en,


4/17

P%*% le!en" +%u*er%$ !ro+e+ ini en-e&%%n !ee#%r%n

*%+%r l%ut seaoor spreading, Se*%n"#%n !%*% le!en" &enu%$

!ro+e+ ini en-e&%%n ter&entu#n-% le&%( ret%#%n rit valley

%#i&%t %*%n-% 'el%( %nt%r% #e*u% le!en" -%n" +%lin" en)%u(

ter+e&ut, Pe%t%n" Ten"%(/Atl%nti# Mid!tlantic "idge %*%l%(

+%l%( +%tu 'onto( *i8er"en+i -%n" !%lin" ter#en%l$ e&u)ur *%ri

ut%r% #e +el%t%n *i +e!%n)%n" S%u*r% Atl%nti#$ e&%t%+i 7enu%

Ero!% *%n A.ri#% *en"%n 7enu% Aeri#%,

G%&%r 1, 7%t%+ *i8er"en te#toni# le!en",

Batas Konvergen

Ter)%*i %!%&il% *u% le!en" te#toni# tertel%n consumed #e

%r%( #er%# &ui$ -%n" en"%#i&%t#%n #e*u%n-% &er"er%# +%lin"

enu!u +%tu +%% l%in one slip beneath another , Wil%-%(

*i%n% +u%tu le!en" +%u*er% ter*oron" #e &%2%( le!en"

&enu% %t%u le!en" +%u*er% l%in *i+e&ut *en"%n 5on% tun)%%n

subduction #ones, Di 5on% tun)%%n inil%( +erin" ter)%*i "e!%,

Pe%t%n" "unun"/%!i volcanic ridges *%n !%rit +%u*er%

oceanic trenches )u"% ter&entu# *i 2il%-%( ini,


5/17

G%&%r 9, 7%t%+ #on8er"en te#toni# le!en"

Kon8er"en le!en" &enu%/+%u*er% $ceanicContinental

G%&%r 3, Kon8er"en le!en" &enu%/+%u*er%

Kon8er"en le!en" +%u*r%:+%u*er% $ceanic%$ceanic

G%&%r 4, Kon8er"en le!en" +%u*er%/+%u*er%

Kon8er"en le!en" &enu%:&enu% Continental%Continental


6/17

G%&%r ;, Kon8er"en le!en" &enu%/&enu%

Batas Transform

Ter)%*i &il% *u% le!en" te#toni# &er"er%# +%lin"

en""el%n"+%r slide each other $ -%itu &er"er%# +e)%)%r n%un

&erl%2%n%n %r%(, Ke*u%n-% ti*%# +%lin" e&er%i %u!un +%lin"

enu!u, 7%t%+ tr%n+.or ini )u"% *i#en%l +e&%"%i +e+%r u&%(%n/

&entu# transorm ault ,


7/17

G%&%r , 7%t%+ tr%n+.or te#toni# le!en",

2. Mo$#o%o"i Tektonik

7ui ini ter*iri *%ri le!en" te#toni# -%n" &er%*% *i %t%+

%"% +e(in""% en"%#i&%t#%n ter)%*in-% !eru&%(%n or.olo"i *i

%t%+ !eru#%%n &ui %#i&%t "%-% en*o"en ter+e&ut$ +e*%n"#%n

&ent%n"%l% +tru#tur%l %*%l%( &ent%n" %l% -%n"

*i(%+il#%n=*i#ontrol ole( %#ti8it%+ te#toni# +e!erti li!%t%n %t%u

!%t%(%n, 7eri#ut ini &e&er%!% or.olo"i #(%+ -%n" &%n-%#

*i%#i&%t#%n ole( ten%"% te#toni#,

Escarpments (Gawir Sesar)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% &er&entu# &u#it -%n" +%l%( +%tu

leren"n-% eru!%#%n &i*%n" +e+%r, Mor.olo"i ini *i'iri#%n ole(

&u#it e%n)%n" *en"%n !er&e*%%n #etin""i%n -%n" 'u#u!

e#+tri %nt%r% &%"i%n -%n" *%t%r *%n &%"i%n &u#it,

G%&%r >, E+'%r!ent+

Pressure Ridge (Bukit Tertekan)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% &er&entu# &u#it -%n" ter)%*i %#i&%t

"%-% -%n" &e#er)% !%*% +u%tu +e+%r en*%t%r, A#i&%t "%-% te#%n

ter+e&ut &%tu%n -%n" &er%*% +e!%n)%n" !%t%(%n %#%n n%i# #e %t%+

+e(in""% e&entu# +e!erti &u#it,


8/17

G%&%r ?, Pre++ure Ri*"e

Sag Basin (Cekungan Kantong)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" ter&entu# *%ri (%+il +e+%r

en*%t%r +tri#e +li!e .%ult &er&entu# 'e#un"%n, S%" &%+in

eru!%#%n !%+%n"%n *%ri !re++ure ri*"e,

G%&%r , S%" 7%+in @%li.orni%

S&'tte$ Ri("e )B'kit Te$*oton"+

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &i%+%n-% ter*%!%t *i 5on%

+e+%r en*%t%r, S(utter ri*"e+ ter)%*i &il% +%l%( +%tu +i+i &i*%n"

+e+%r eru!%#%n &%"i%n !eru#%%n t%n%( -%n" tin""i *%n !%*%

+i+i l%inn-% eru!%#%n &%"i%n !eru#%%n -%n" le&i( ren*%(,


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A#i&%t !er"e+er%n ini *%!%t en"(%+il#%n !en-u&%t%n %lir%n

+un"%i,

G%&%r 10, S(utter Ri*"e

Stream !set (Sungai "ig#ag)

Meru!%#%n +un"%i -%n" %r%( %lir%nn-% &er&elo# +e'%r% ti&%/

ti&% en"i#uti &i*%n" !%t%(%n, Mor.olo"i ini *i+e&%%n ole(

!er"e+er%n &u#it *i 5on% +e+%r en*%t%r,

G%&%r 11, Stre% O+et


10/17

$o%ded &ountain (Bukit 'ipatan)

7u#it li!%t%n %*%l%( &ent%n"%l% -%n" ter+u+un ole( &%tu%n

+e*ien -%n" terli!%t %#i&%t "%-% en*o"en *%n e&entu#

+tru#tur +in#lin *%n %nti#lin, Mor.olo"i ini *i'iri#%n ole( +u+un%n

!er&u#it%n *%n le&%( -%n" &er!ol% +e)%)%r,

G%&%r 19, Fol*e* Mount%in

ntic%ina% Ridges (Bukit ntik%in)Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# &u#it -%n" tel%(

en"%l%i !erli!%t%n e&entu# +tru#tur %nti#lin, Mor.olo"i

%nti#lin uun-% *i)u!%i *i *%er%( 'e#un"%n +e*ien -%n" tel%(

en"%l%i !en"%n"#%t%n *%n !erli!%t%n, 7u#it %nti#lin

*i#l%+iB#%+i#%n #e *%l% "olon"%n "eoorB# u*%$ %rtin-% !ro+e+

e#+o"en !%*% &entu##%n ini &elu +%!%i eru&%( &entu#

%2%ln-% -%n" &eru!% &u#it,


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G%&%r 13, Anti'lin%l Ri*"e ntic%ina% a%%e* ('em+a, ntik%in)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# le&%( -%n" *i%!itole( +e!%+%n" &u#it %nti#lin, Le&%( %nti#lin *i#l%+iB#%+i#%n #e

*%l% "eoorB# *e2%+%$ %rtin-% !ro+e+ e#+o"en -%n" ter)%*i !%*%

&entu##%n ini tel%( eru&%( &entu# %+lin-% -%n" +eul%

&er&entu# &u#it *%n &eru&%( en)%*i le&%(,

G%&%r 14, Anti'lin%l C%lle-

S*nc%ina% Ridges (Bukit Sink%in)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# &u#it$ ter+u+un %t%+

&%tu%n +e*ien -%n" e&entu# +tru#tur +in#lin, S-n'lin%l Ri*"e+

*i#l%+iB#%+i#%n #e *%l% or.olo"i "eoorB# *e2%+% %rtin-%

!ro+e+ e#+o"en tel%( eru&%( +tru#tur %+lin-% -%n" %2%ln-%

le&%( en)%*i &u#it, D%l% "eoor.olo"i &entu##%n ini +erin"

*i+e&ut )u"% to!o"r%B ter&%li# &reverse topographic',


12/17

G%&%r 1;, Sin'lin%l Ri*"e

S*nc%ina% a%%e* (Bukit Sink%in)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# le&%( -%n"

ter+u+un *%ri &%tu%n +e*ien *en"%n +tru#tur +in#lin, Mor.olo"i ini

ter%+u# *%l% #%te"ori "eoorB# u*%$ %rtin-% !ro+e+ e#+o"en

&elu +%!%i eru&%( +tru#tur %+lin-% -%n" &eru!% le&%(

en)%*i &u#it,

G%&%r 1, Sin'lin%l C%lle-

P%ateau (P%ato)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% &er&entu# *%t%r%n -%n"

en-eru!%i e)% *%n ter+u+un %t%+ &%tu%n -%n" !erl%!i+%nn-%


13/17

(ori5ont%l, Pl%teu &%n-%# *i)u!%i !%*% *%er%( -%n" #on*i+i

"eolo"in-% +t%&il= ti*%# terl%lu ter!en"%ru( "%-% te#toni#

!en"%n"#%t%n=!erli!%t%n,

G%&%r 1>, Pl%te%u

-og+ack (-og+ag)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# &u#it -%n"

e%n)%n" +e%r%( *en"%n )uru+ !erl%!i+%n &%tu%n *%n eili#i

#eirin"%n le&i( *%ri 4; *er%)%t,

G%&%r 1?, Ho"&%'#

&esa

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# *%t%r%n *%n

*i#ontrol ole( +tru#tur !erl%!i+%n en*%t%r *en"%n ele8%+i le&i(

tin""i *%ri +e#it%rn-%, Me+% (%!ir +%% *en"%n !l%teu$ (%n-%


14/17

u#ur%nn-% -%n" rel%ti. le&i( #e'il,

G%&%r 1, Me+%

Mono,%in!% Ri("e- )B'kit Monok%in+

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# &u#it *%n ter+u+un

*%ri &%tu%n +e*ien *en"%n %r%( #eirin"%n -%n" +er%"%,

Mono#lin *%!%t &eru!% &%"i%n +%-%! *%ri +e&u%( %nti#lin *%n

+in#lin,

G%&%r 90, Mono'line

B%ock $au%ting Ridges (Per+ukitan Pata,an)

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" ter*iri *%ri &u#it/&u#it -%n"

*i&%t%+i ole( &i*%n" !%t%(%n,


15/17

G%&%r 91, 7lo'# F%ultin"

-orst dan Gra+en

Hor+t eru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% -%n" &er&entu# &u#it

*i!i+%(#%n *en"%n or.olo"i l%inn-% ole( &i*%n" !%t%(%n

+e*%n"#%n "r%&en %*%l%( &entu##%n *e!re+i -%n" *i!i+%(#%n

*en"%n or.olo"i l%inn-% ole( &i*%n" !%t%(%n,

G%&%r 99, Hor+t %n* Gr%&en

.ntrusive

Meru!%#%n &ent%n"%l% &er&entu# &u#it teri+olir -%n"

ter+u+un ole( &%tu%n &e#u *%n "ene+%n-% *i#ontrol ole( %#ti8it%+

%"%, 7u#it intru+i %2%ln-% &er%*% *i&%2%( !eru#%%n &ui

*%l% &entu# l%''olit($ #eu*i%n t%n%( *i%t%+n-% terero+i *%n

en-i+%#%n &%tu%n intru+i. -%n" le&i( #er%+,


16/17

G%&%r 93, Intru+i8e Ri*"e+

DAFTAR USTAKA

htt!6==u!lo%*,2i#ie*i%,or"=2i#i!e*i%='oon+=*=*%=I"neou+E+'%r

!ent+/"eo"r%!(,or",u#/;9?,)!"

(tt!6==0,tn,'o=*="eolo"-=1=0=D=?=1=+%.+out(+#-ri*"e,)!"

(tt!6==0,tn,'o=*="eolo"-=1=0=+=W=1=+%"&%+in,)!"

(tt!6==+er','%rleton,e*u=i%"e+=8i"nette+='olle'tion="eoor!(olo"-

el!%+o!e%#+,89,!n"

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Igneous_Escarpments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_652989.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Igneous_Escarpments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_652989.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Igneous_Escarpments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_652989.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1/0/D/8/1/safsouthskyridge.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1/0/s/W/1/sagbasin.jpghttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/vignettes/collection/geomorphology_el_paso_peaks.v2.pnghttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/vignettes/collection/geomorphology_el_paso_peaks.v2.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1/0/D/8/1/safsouthskyridge.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1/0/s/W/1/sagbasin.jpghttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/vignettes/collection/geomorphology_el_paso_peaks.v2.pnghttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/vignettes/collection/geomorphology_el_paso_peaks.v2.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Igneous_Escarpments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_652989.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Igneous_Escarpments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_652989.jpg


17/17

(tt!6==222,"',%ri'o!%,e*u=%!!lie*+'ien'e=!)n2e&=l%&>"eo2e&=Str

u't=+tro,)!"

(tt!6==r%i*er,ountunion,e*u='n%u"%=i%"e+=Stru'ture+=>L;/

3&SM/Le2i+T(ru+t.ol*,)!"

(tt!6==222,et"+,u+=tri!+='(%tt%noo"%=l8%nti'line,)!"

(tt!6==lo*ore,Ble+,2or*!re++,'o=9011=10=ono'line,)!"

(tt!6=='our+e+,i++ouri+t%te,e*u=e%ntei='re%ti8e=GeoStru't=(r+t"r

%&,)!"

https://fiflowers.wordpress.com/geofisika/lempeng-tektonik/.
http://www.gc.maricopa.edu/appliedscience/pjnweb/lab7geoweb/Struct/stroff.jpghttp://www.gc.maricopa.edu/appliedscience/pjnweb/lab7geoweb/Struct/stroff.jpghttp://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/images/Structures/7L95-3b_SM-Lewis_Thrust_fold.jpghttp://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/images/Structures/7L95-3b_SM-Lewis_Thrust_fold.jpghttp://www.etgs.us/trips/chattanooga/l_v_anticline.jpghttp://lodore.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/monocline.jpghttp://courses.missouristate.edu/emantei/creative/GeoStruct/hrstgrab.jpghttp://courses.missouristate.edu/emantei/creative/GeoStruct/hrstgrab.jpghttp://www.gc.maricopa.edu/appliedscience/pjnweb/lab7geoweb/Struct/stroff.jpghttp://www.gc.maricopa.edu/appliedscience/pjnweb/lab7geoweb/Struct/stroff.jpghttp://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/images/Structures/7L95-3b_SM-Lewis_Thrust_fold.jpghttp://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/images/Structures/7L95-3b_SM-Lewis_Thrust_fold.jpghttp://www.etgs.us/trips/chattanooga/l_v_anticline.jpghttp://lodore.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/monocline.jpghttp://courses.missouristate.edu/emantei/creative/GeoStruct/hrstgrab.jpghttp://courses.missouristate.edu/emantei/creative/GeoStruct/hrstgrab.jpg

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