makalah piston engine

8/18/2019 Makalah Piston Engine

1/16

MAKALAH PISTONENGINE

MARATUR P. SIREGAR

RALDY YORANZYAH

HAFIZ HARAHAP

WILY GAMALIEL

RURI MIRANDA

KELAS X-B

SMK NEGERI 1 TANJUNG MORAWA

PENERBANGAN


2/16

DALAM KESEMPATAN KALI INI, KAMI AKANMEPRESENTASIKAN HASIL KERJA KAMI TENTANG PISTONENGINE. BERIKUT BEBERAPA HAL YANG AKAN DIBAHAS :

1. SEJARAH PISTON ENGINE

2. PENGERTIAN PISTON ENGINE

3. CARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE

4. PENGGAMBARAN KOMPONEN CARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE

5. TIPE PISTON ENGINE YANG DIGUNAKAN PESAWAT


3/16

PISTON ENGINEMe !" #e $%$& #e'&$($ $)$*$+ #! & " -$" ($ !+ )! /"$0$" $(#$!

e0$'$" . Me !" #! & " $)$*$+ $&/ $&/"-$ e"! (e !" #e $%$& +!" $ 1 3 0e&!0$#e $%$& e'&e"$ $ &/' !" #e'&$($ &e' $" . Me !" #e $%$& #! & " (e" $#$!#/" $0"-$ e*$($ Pe'$" D/"!$ II. Pe $%$& )!0e( $" 0$" /"&/0 #e'$" )e" $"(e"$( $+0$" /#e' +$' e' )$" ($(#/ &e' $" *e !+ &!" ! )$" *e !+ e#$&)$'!#$)$ #e $%$& )$*$( e $'$+.

P! & " e" !"e $&$/ !$ $ )! e /& )e" $" (e !" & '$0, (e'/#$0$" (e !"-$" (e" /"$0$" #! & " 6& '$07 e $ $! &e"$ $ #e" e'$0. P! & " -$" e' e'$0

"$!0 &/'/" )! +/ /" 0$" )e" $" '$"0 +$8& (e*$*/! ""e &!" ' ) /"&/0 (e(/&$'#' #e**e' $&$/ $*!" $*!" . P! & " )$#$& e' e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" 0$'e"$ $)$"-$#e( $0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" /)$'$ )e" $" $+$" $0$' 68/e*7 )! )$*$( '/$"

$0$' 6 ( / &! " +$( e'7. Pe( $0$'$" )! )$*$( ( / &! " +$( e'(e" +$ !*0$" e9#$" ! " $ #$"$ -$" )$#$& (e" e'$00$" #! & " e' e'$0 "$!0&/'/".

Piston Engine :

Pe $%$& -$" (e" /"$0$" (e !" #! & " /(/("-$ (e" /"$0$" #' #e**e'e $ $! &e"$ $ #e") ' " /"&/0 (e" +$ /*0$" &+'/ &. Be"&/0 #e"$(#$" )$'!

#' #e**e' !&/ e")!'! $($ e#e'&! $-$#, -$!&/ / $ e' e"&/0 $!'8 !*. Se+!" $#$)$ $$& #' #e**e' e'#/&$' ($0$ $0$" (e" +$ !*0$" $-$ ) ' " $&$/ &+'/ &

e+!" $ #e $%$& )$#$& e' e'$0 0e )e#$". Pe $%$& )e" $" (e !" #! & " !"!(e'/#$0$" e"! #e $%$& '!" $" $&$/ !$ $ )! e /& )e" $" *! +& $!' '$8&. Pe $%$&!"! (e(#/"-$! )$-$ e*$ $+ -$" 0e !* )$" 0e&!" !$" &e' $" -$" &!)$0 &e'*$*/&!" !.


4/16

P$)$ )$ $'"-$, #'!" !# 0e' $ )$'! e(/$ e" !"e #e $%$& $($. Y$!&/(e($"8$$&0$" e"e' ! #e( $0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" $+$" $0$' )e" $" /)$'$-$" (e" +$ !*0$" e9#$" ! " $ -$" &e' $)! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6 ( / &! "

+$( e'7.

- Turbo !" E#$%#!

D!"$($0$" &/' e& e" !"e 0$'e"$ (e !" !"! (e" /"$0$" &/' !" )$*$((e( $" 0!&0$" &e"$ $, )$" e& -$" $'&!"-$ e( /'$" #$" $'$". Y$!&/ e( /'$"+$ !* #e( $0$'$" )! )$*$( 0e*/$' (e"/ / &/' !" )$" (e(/&$' &/' !", *$*/&/' !" (e(/&$' (#'e ' )$" (e" e'$00$" 0 (# "e" e" !"e *$!""-$.

Turboprop Engine :


5/16

- Turboprop Engine

P'!" !# 0e' $ )$'! T/' #' # e" !"e $($ )e" $" #' e 0e' $ )$'!&/' e& e" !"e. Y$" (e( e)$0$""-$ $)$*$+ &e')$#$& #' #e**e' #$)$

e" !"e !"!. P' #e**e' &e'+/ /" )e" $" &/' !" )$" (#'e ' (e*$*/! +$8&.

Cara Kerja Turboprop Engine :


6/16

- Turbo&'#

S$($ )e" $" &/' #' #, #'!" !# 0e' $ &/' 8$" $($ )e" $" &/' e&e" !"e. Pe' e)$$""-$ $)$*$+ #$)$ &/' 8$" e" !"e &e')$#$& 8$" )! )e#$"

(#'e '. ;$" e'8/" ! /"&/0 (e" +! $# /)$'$ ($ /0 0e )$*$((#'e '.

Turbofan


7/16

- Turbo()'&" E#$%#!

P'!" !# 0e' $ )$'! &/' +$8& e" !"e / $ +$(#!' $($ )e" $" &/' e&e" !"e. E" !"e !"! )! /"$0$" #$)$ +e*!0 #&e'. P$)$ &/' +$8& e" !"e, &e')$#$&

+$8& -$" &e'+/ /" )e" $" &/' !". S+$8& !"! (e" +/ /" 0$" 0e ($!" ' & ' $&$/

$*!" $*!" #$)$ +e*!0 #&e'. R & ' #$)$ +e*!0 #&e' (e(#/"-$! #e"$(#$"e' e"&/0 $!'8 !*.

Turboshaft Engine :


8/16

INTI MATERI PISTON ENGINE

P! & " e" !"e $&$/ !$ $ )! e /& )e" $" (e !" & '$0, (e'/#$0$" (e !"-$" (e" /"$0$" #! & " 6& '$07 e $ $! &e"$ $ #e" e'$0. P! & " -$" e' e'$0"$!0 &/'/" )! +/ /" 0$" )e" $" '$"0 +$8& (e*$*/! ""e &!" ' ) /"&/0 (e(/&$'#' #e**e' $&$/ $*!" $*!" . P! & " )$#$& e' e'$0 "$!0 &/'/" 0$'e"$ $)$"-$#e( $0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" /)$'$ )e" $" $+$" $0$' 68/e*7 )! )$*$( '/$"

$0$' 6 ( / &! " +$( e'7. Pe( $0$'$" )! )$*$( ( / &! " +$( e'(e" +$ !*0$" e9#$" ! " $ #$"$ -$" )$#$& (e" e'$00$" #! & " e' e'$0 "$!0&/'/".

Pe $%$& -$" (e" /"$0$" (e !" #! & " /(/("-$ (e" /"$0$" #' #e**e'e $ $! &e"$ $ #e") ' " /"&/0 (e" +$ /*0$" &+'/ &. Be"&/0 #e"$(#$" )$'!

#' #e**e' !&/ e")!'! $($ e#e'&! $-$#, -$!&/ / $ e' e"&/0 $!'8 !*. Se+!" $#$)$ $$& #' #e**e' e'#/&$' ($0$ $0$" (e" +$ !*0$" $-$ ) ' " $&$/ &+'/ &

e+!" $ #e $%$& )$#$& e' e'$0 0e )e#$". Pe $%$& )e" $" (e !" #! & " !"!(e'/#$0$" e"! #e $%$& '!" $" $&$/ !$ $ )! e /& )e" $" *! +& $!' '$8&. Pe $%$&!"! (e(#/"-$! )$-$ e*$ $+ -$" 0e !* )$" 0e&!" !$" &e' $" -$" &!)$0 &e'*$*/

&!" !.


9/16

P$)$ )$ $'"-$, #'!" !# 0e' $ )$'! e(/$ e" !"e #e $%$& $($. Y$!&/(e($"8$$&0$" e"e' ! #e( $0$'$" $"&$'$ $(#/'$" $+$" $0$' )e" $" /)$'$-$" (e" +$ !*0$" e9#$" ! " $ -$" &e' $)! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 6 ( / &! "

+$( e'7.

Ada 2 jenis piston engine dan langkah kerja nya yaitu :

1. "*o ("ro+! , "'+

. &our ("ro+! ,/ "'+

/"&/0 #! & " 2 &' 0e +$"-$ (e( /&/+0$" $&/ 0$*! #/&$'$" '$"0 +$8& $&/0$*! *$" 0$+ *e" 0$#63


10/16

Cara kerja four stroke adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Intake Strok

Me'/#$0$" *$" 0$+ #e" ! !$" ,#$)$ *$" 0$+ !"! #! & " )! )$*$( -*!")e'e' e'$0 )$'! TDC (e"/ / BDC !"&$0e ?$*?e $0$" &e' /0$ #$)$ $$& #! & "

+$(#!' (e")e0$& TDC #$)$ $$& *$" 0$+ #e( /$" $",&e&$#! )$*$( *$" 0$+E9+$/ & &' 0e,E9+$/ & &' 0e $0$" &e'&/&/# e&e*$+ #! & " (e*$(#$/! TDC

e $ $! $%$* )! (/*$! "-$ *$" 0$+ #e" ! !$" ,&e' $)! #e"/'/"$" /+/ #$)$$ !$" !"! )$*$( -*!")e' 0$'e"$ ($ /0 "-$ ; A (!9&/'e -$" e'#e*/$" /"&/0

&e' $0$'.

2. Compression Stroke.

Me'/#$0$" *$" 0$+ #e($)$&$" #e($(#$&$" ; A (!9&/'e -$" 0e(/)!$"&e' $0$' )$" (e*e)$0 IGNITION7, #e( $0$'$" )! *$0/0$" *e+ #$'0 #*/ -$"(e")$#$&0$" *! &'!0 )$'! +! + ? *&$ e !* #$)$ $$& !"! $!0 !"&$0e ?$*?e($/#/" E9+$/ & ?$*?e $($ $($ &e'&/&/#.

3. Power S&' 0e Me'/#$0$" *$" 0$+ / $+$ &e') ' " "-$ #! & " )$'! &!&!0 TDC (e"/ / BDC0$'e"$ *e)$0$" ; A (!9&/'e )$*$( ( / &! " )e" $" )$-$ *e)$0 15& " 3=.===PSI )e" $" /+/ 3=== 4=== )e'$ $& ;, e'$0$" &e' e /& $0$" (e") ' "

""e &!" ' ) )$" (e'/ $+ (e" $)! e'$0$" #/&$' #$)$ '$"0 +$8&, #/&$'$"&e' e /& $0$" )! &e'/ 0$" 0e $ !$" #' #e**e' +$8& (e*$*/! #' #e**e' )'!?e"

e+!" $ #' #e**e' e'#/&$', 0 ")! ! #$)$ # %e' &' 0e $)$*$+ !"&$0e ?$*?e#e" )$" E9+$/ & ?$*?e * e.

4. Exhaust Stroke.

Me'/#$0$" *$" 0$+ #e( /$" $" #$)$ $$& #! & " e'$)$ ) BDC (e"/ /TDC, $ ! $ #e( $0$'$" )! /$" (e*$*/! E9+$/ & #$'0 E9+$/ & ?$*?e )e" $"

# ! ! 0e#$*$ #! & " !"&$0e ?$*?e &e' /0$ )$" E9+$/ & ?$*?e &e'&/&/#.

Komponen piston engine :

B$ !$" 0 (# "e" /&$($ ( & ' $0$' -$" )!"$(! $)$*$+ $ !$" 0 (# "e"-$" (e*$0/0$" e'$0$" (e0$"!0 -$" e'/#$ e'$0$" &'$" *$ ! ($#/" ' &$ !)!($"$ e'$0$" !"! &!( /* )$'! +$ !* 'e$0 ! #e( $0$'$" )$*$( !*!")e' 0e' $.B$ !$" 0 (# "e" /&$($ ( & ' -$" )!"$(! !"! e'*$0/ )$*$( e(/$ #e $%$&0e' $.

A)$#/" $ !$" 0 (# "e" /&$($ ( & ' $0$' -$" )!"$(! !"! $"&$'$ *$!" :


11/16

1. S%5%#6!r

. Tor'+

3. B'"'#$ Tor'+ , 0o##!7"%#$ Ro6

/. P!#' Tor'+ , P%("o# P%#

8. Poro( E#$+o5 , 0r'#+ S)'&"

9. M!+'#%( ! K'"u2

:. Ro6' P!#!ru( , F5; W!!5

. S%("! P!#6%#$%# ,r'6%'"or

0ARA KERJA PISTON ENGINE

De" $" 8/" ! &e' e /&, ($0$ #! & " +$'/ &e'#$ $" )e" $" '$#$& )$*$(!*!")e'. S$&/ $&$/ e e'$#$ '!" 6 !" !"7 )!#$ $" #$)$ #! & " $ $' $" $& '$#$&

)e" $" !*!")e'. P$)$ !*!")e' )e" $" &e(#e'$&/' 0e' $ (e"e" $+ 0e $&$ , $+$"'!" &e' /$& )$'! * $(, )! e /& )e" $" '!" #! & " 6 piston ring 7. Se)$" 0$" #$)$!*!")e' )e" $" &e(#e'$&/' 0e' $ 'e")$+, /(/("-$ $+$" '!" &e' /$& )$'! 0$'e&,

)! e /& )e" $" '!" !* 6 seal ring 7.

A $' (e" +$ !*0$" &e"$ $ e'$0, #$)$ (e !" e" !" )!!$0/0$" &$+$#$" #' ee'!0/& :

17 Pe" ! $#$" $ 6 $(#/'$" e" !" )$" /)$'$7 0e )$*$( !*!")e' 0e&!0$ #! & "e' e'$0 &/'/".

27 K (#'e ! )! )$*$( '/$" $0$' 0e&!0$ #! & " e' e'$0 "$!0. D! $0+!' 0 (#'e ! !"!)!*$0/0$" #e"-$*$$" *e+ / !, $ $' $ &e' $0$'.

37 Ke' $ -$!&/ e' e'$0"-$ #!"& " 0e $%$+ 0$'e"$ &e')e $0 *e+ $ +$ !*#e( $0$'$" -$" e' /+/ )$" e'&e0$"$" &!" !.

47 Pe( //" $", -$!&/ (e( /$" $ ! $ #e( $0$'$" 0e */$' !*!")e'.


12/16

P' e #e" ! $#$" $ 0e )$*$( !*!")e'. (e" 0 (#'e !0$", (e( $0$'"-$,0e' $, )$" (e( /$" $ e0$ #e( $0$'$" 0e */$' !*!")e' )! e /& $&/ !0*/ .

/"&/0 (e*$0 $"$0$" $&/ !0*/ )$#$& )!*$0/0$" )/$ $'$, -$!&/:

@ $&/ !0*/ )!*$0/0$" )$*$( e(#$& *$" 0$+ & '$0. C$'$ !"! $)$ #$)$ (e !" e" !"e(#$& *$" 0$+ 6(e !" 4 &$07, )$"

@ $&/ !0*/ )!*$0 $"$0$" )$*$( )/$ *$" 0$+ & '$0. C$'$ !"! $)$ #$)$ ( & ' e" !")/$ *$" 0$+ 6(e !" 2 &$07.

L$" 0$+ ! $#P$)$ *$" 0$+ !"!, & '$0 e' e'$0 )$'! TMA 0e TMB, 0$&/# ! $# &e' /0$ e+!" $ $6 $(#/'$" e" !" )$" /)$'$7 &e'! $# ($ /0 0e !*!")e'.K$&/# ! $# 0e(/)!$" &e'&/&/# 0e&!0$ & '$0 (e" $#$! TMB.

L$" 0$+ 0 (#'e !P$)$ *$" 0$+ !"!, & '$0 e' e'$0 )$'! TMB 0e TMA, 0$&/# ! $# )$" 0$&/# /$"&e'&/&/#, e+!" $ $ &e'($(#$&0$" 6&e'0 (#'e !0$"7.A0! $& 0 (#'e ! !"!, /+/ )$" &e0$"$" $ "$!0, e+!" $ $0$" &e' $0$'.Se $$& e e*/( &e'$0 (e" $#$! TMA, / ! (e( e'! * " $&$" /" $ $#! )$"&e' $)!*$+ #e( $0$'$".

L$" 0$+ 0e' $


13/16

P$)$ I$" 0$+ !"!, & '$0 &e') ' " )$'! TMA 0e TMB *e+ 0e0/$&$" &e0$"$" $ +$ !*#e( $0$'$". Ge'$0$" & '$0 #$)$ *$" 0$+ !"! )! e /& (e*$0/0$" 0e' $, -$"

e*$" /&"-$ )! $)!0$" e $ $! &e"$ $ e'$0 )$'! (e !".

L/" 0/+ /$"P$)$ *$" 0$+ !"!, & '$0 e' e'$0 )$'! TMB 0e TMA, 0$&/# /$" &e' /0$, e+!" $

$ ! $ #e( $0$'$" &e') ' " 0e*/$' !*!")e' (e*$*/! */ $" 0$&/# /$" )$"$*/'$" #e( /$" $". Se&e*$+ & '$0 (e" $#$! TMA.

)$'! !"! $0$" )!(/*$! *$ ! !0*/ e'!0/&"-$ -$" )!$%$*! )e" $" #e" ! $#$"$ $'/.

Ge'$0$" *$0 $*!0 & '$0 )!/ $+ Ie+ # ' e" 0 * (e" $)! e'$0 #/&$'. D$*$($&/ !0*/ -$" &e')!'! $&$ 4 *$" 0$+ & '$0 6! $#, 0 (#' !, / $+$, )$" /$" 7,

# ' e" 0 * &e*$+ (e*$0/0$" 2 #/&$'$" #e"/+.

Ke&!0$ & '$0 e' e'$0 "$!0 $*/'$" #e( !*$ A &e'&/&/# & '$0 )$" 0 (#'e !)!(/I$!. Se(e"&$'$ !&/ $*/'$" #e($ /0$" C (e( /0$ )$" $ 6 $(#/'$" /)$'$)$" e" !"7 ($ /0 0e '/$" e" 0 *. Pe"-$*$$" )$" #e( $0$'$" &e' $)! #$)$ %$0&/& '$0 (/*$! e' e'$0 &/'/", $*/'$" /$" B (e( /0$. Ke&!0$ $*/'$" #e( !*$ A

(e( /0$ $ $'/ -$" e'$)$ )! '/$" e" 0 * &e')e $0 (e($ /0! !*!")e' $( !*(e")e $0 $ e0$ #e( $0$'$" 0e*/$' !!*!")e' (e*$*/! $*/'$" /$" B.


14/16

T '$0 6#! & "7 e'8/" ! /"&/0 (e(!")$+0$" &e"$ $ -$" )!#e' *e+ )$'!+$ !* #e( $0$'$" 0e # ' e" 0 *. P$)$ #! & " &e')$#$& 0 (# "e" 0 (# "e"#e*e" 0$#"-$, -$!&/ :

B$&$" #e" +/ /" 6 ""e &!" ' ) /"&/0 (e" +/ /" 0$" #! & " )e" $" # 'e" 0 *.

Pe"$ & '$0 6#! & " #!"7, /"&/0 (e" !0$& #! & " )e" $" $&$" #e" +/ /"(e*$*/! */ $" / +!"

C!" !" & '$0 6'!" #! & "7, e'8/" ! (e( e"&/0 #e'$#$& -$" 0e)$#&e'+$)$# 0e '$" $ $"&$'$ e*$+ & '$0 )$" !*!")e', e0$*! / (e" $&/'#e*/($ $" & '$0 )$" )!")!" !*!")e'.

C!" !" & '$0 &e')!'! $&$ !" !" 0 (#'e ! )$" !" !" #e*/($ .


15/16

P ' e" 0 * 6 '$"0 +$8&7, e'8/" ! (e" / $+ e'$0 *$0 $*!0 & '$0(e" $)! e'$0 #/&$' -$" e*$" /&"-$ )! /"$0$" /"&/0 (e(/&$'0$" ' )$. P 'e" 0 * )!*e" 0$#! $"&$*$" $"&$I$" -$" e'8/" ! (e" +!")$'! e e0$" e e0$"-$" &e' $)! $"&$'$ # ' .

e" 0 * )e" $" $ !$" $ !$" -$" e'#/&$' *$!""-$. B$ !$" # ' e" 0 *-$" (e"/(#/ & '$0 )! ! !#! $"&$*$" */" /' -$" )! e /& (e&$* $*$", e)$" 0$"

$ !$" # ' e" 0 * -$" (e" #$" #$)$ * 0 (e !" )! ! !#! $"&$*$" */" /' -$")! e /& (e&$* )/)/0.

R )$ !*$ $&$/ ' )$ #e"e'/ , e'8/" ! (e"e'!($ e $ !$" &e"$ $ -$")!#e' *e+ )$'! *$" 0$+ 0e' $ )$" (e( e'!0$" &e"$ $ 0e#$)$ *$" 0$+ *$" 0$+*$!""-$. D! $ !$" */$' ' )$ !*$ )!#$ $" ' )$ ! ! !" !" 6'!" e$'7,R )$ ! ! !"! )! /"$0$" /"&/0 e'0$!&$" )e" $" ' )$ ! ! #!"! " #$)$ ( & ' &$'&e'#$)$ $$& (e !" $0$" )!+!)/#0$".

Terimakasih atas perhatiannya.


16/16

makalah piston engine

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