makalah biokimia darah

8/19/2019 Makalah Biokimia Darah

1/22

MAKALAH

PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA

DARAH

NAMA KELOMPOK :

LILIS LIANA ( 1443050067 )

WULAN PURNAMA DEWI ( 1443050071 )

FIRSTIAN NUGRAHA PRATAMA ( 1443050072 )

Fa!"#a$ Fa%&a$'

U'*%$'#a$ 17 A+!$#!$ 1,45

2015


2/22

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. LATAR BELAKANG

Da%a-. /'%/!$' /a"a& $!&$!& #!"a+ /a%' $*" a+ /'$*!# "!%'#*#'a" $#*& *""

(PS) Ra#a%a#a %a+ /*8a$a&*&'"'' 5.5 "'#*% /a%a- Da%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 2 &* a'#!

"a$&a /a $*" /a%a-. /*+a &$'$' 559 /a%a- &*%!aa "a$&a /a%a- /a $'$aa

459 a/a"a- $*"$*" /a%a- P"a$&a /a%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 3 &*.a'#!: P%#*'. a'% /a 8a$#*

%/!# S*" /a%a- !+a #*%/'%' /a%' 3 &*.a'#!: $*" /a%a- &*%a-. $*" /a%a- !#'- /a

"a#*"*#

Ga&a% 1 S*"$*" /a%a-

Pa/a /'$' %&a". -aa $*"$*" &a#a+ a+ /'#*&!a /a"a& $'%!"a$'

P*%!a-a /a"a& %/!$' /a ;!+$' /a%' $*"$*" /a%a- &**/'aa ';%&a$' !#!

*%#'&a+a /'a+$'$. %+$'$. %*$ #*%-a/a #*%a' a+ /'*%'a /a **&!-a

a$'*P*%-'#!+a /a%a- "*+a /'"a!a !#! &*/aa#a +a&a%a *%!a-a a+

/'&a$!/


3/22

1 Aa a+ /' &a$!/ /*+a /a%a-

2 Maa& = &aa& *&*%'$aa /a%a-

3 S*!#a ;!+$' /a%a- &a!$'a

4 S*!#a *"a'a = *"a'a /a%a- a/a &a!$'a

TU>UAN1 M*+*#a-!' *+*%#'a /a%a-

2 M*+*#a-!' &aa& &aa& *&*%'$aa /a%a-

3 M*+*#a-!' ;!+$' /a%a-

4 M*+*#a-!' *"a'a = *"a'a /a%a-

BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Pengertian Darah


4/22

Da%a- a/a"a- a'%a a+ #*%/aa# a/a &a-"! -'/! a+ *%;!+$' $*a+a' a"a#

#%a$%#a$' ?a# $**%#' $'+*. a-a -a$'" &*#a"'$&* #!!-. *%#a-aa #!!- /a%'

$*%a+a !&a. /a "a' $*a+a'a


5/22

%. Hi'erten!i ) Pen*a+it Darah Tinggi

H'*%#*$' a/a"a- #*aa /a%a- #'++' a+ /'a'a#a "*- a/aa **&'#a

*&!"!- /a%a- /*+a $'$#"'$ $*'#a% 140200 &&H+ $*%#a #*aa /'a$#"'$'$ !%a+ "*'-

a#a%a ,0110 &&H+

. Hi',ten!i ) Pen*a+it Darah Ren"ah

H'#*$' a/a"a- #*aa /a%a- %*/a- /*+a #*aa $'$#"'$ /' a8a- 100 &&H+

(&'"'&*#*% H/%a%+%!& &'"' &*#*% a'% %a$a)(H/%a%+%!& B a'% %a$a)

/. 0ari!e! ) Pen*a+it Ot,t Ni(#&

Ca%'$*$ a/a"a- *"*a%a a/a *&!"!- *a a+ &*&!a# *&!"!- /a$a%

&*&*$a% /a #*%"'-a# $*a%a a$a# &a#a a+ !&!&a #*%/aa# a/a a+'a "'a#a *#'$

. Pen*a+it Kning Ba*i

P*a'# !'+ a/a aa a' a/a"a- *"a'a a'a# a/aa +a++!a *%!$aa

$*"$*" /a%a- "*- a+"!#'' $a+ '!

. S+&er,!i!

S"*%$'$ a/a"a- *a'# *"a'a a/a *&!"!- a/' $'$#*& #%a$%#a$' a+

&*a/' *%a$

3. Mi,+ar"iti!

M'a%/'#'$ a/a"a- $!a#! *"a'a a'a# #*%a/'a %a/a+ a/a ## a#!+

4. Tr,(#! ) E(#,&!

T%&!$ a/a"a- *"a'a a+ #*%/aa# a/a a#!+ a+ /'$*aa "*- a/aa

+!&a"a /' /a"a& a/' #a!

15. Le+i(ia ) Pen*a+it Kan+er Darah

L*!'&'a a/a"a- *a'# a+ &*+a'a#a %/!$' $*" /a%a- !#'- #'/a

#*%#%" a/a $'$#*& #%a$%#a$'


6/22

2. Pe(eri+!aan Darah Leng+a'

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a (&"*#*


7/22

P*&*%'$aa /a%a- "*+a a/a"a- *'"a'a /a$a% &* $*" /a%a-. a+ *%#!!a

!#!:

1 (e(,nit,r *$*-a#a !&!& *&*%'$aa %!#'

2 (enn6ang "iagn,!a $!a#! *a'#3 &*"'-a# re!',n t#h #*%-a/a $!a#! 'en*a+it in-e+!i

4 &*"'-a# *&a!a re!',n tera'i a$'* a+ &*/*%'#a 'en*a+it in-e+!i

P*&*%'$aa /a%a- "*+a /''/'a$'a !#! /'"a!a =/a #'/a #*%a#a$ -aa

a/a *a/aa*a/aa *%'!#:

1. Jaundice

2 L&-/*a#-

3 P*%/a%a-a. &*&a%

4 Fa#'+!* a/ % 8*'+-# "$$5 U"$*% /' &!"!#

PEMERIKSAAN DARAH

1. SEL DARAH MERAH 7Re" B&,," 8e&& ) RB89

S*" /a%a- &*%a-. a+ !+a /''$#'"a-a /*+a *%'#%$'#. *%*%a

/a"a& *+a+!#a $'+* /a%' a%!a%! * $*"!%!- $*"$*" #!!-. !+a

!#! &*+a+!# a% /'$'/a a+ /'-a$'"a "*- $*"$*" #!!- *

a%!a%! !#! /'*$%*$'a Da"a& &*#a"'$&*a $*" /a%a- &*%a-

&*&!#!-a '#a&'


8/22

De:a!a SI Unit

P%'a 46 = 62 1012L

Wa'#a 42 = 54 1012

L

Ta*" 1 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-

2. HEMOGLOBIN

H*&+"' &*%!aa %#*' &"*$ /a"a& /a%a- a+ *%*%a /a"a&

*+a+!#a $'+* "*- /a%a- H*&+"' /'%/!$' a/a $*" /a%a- &*%a- a+

immature H*&+"' #*%/'%' /a%' 2 a+'a -*&* /a +"' H*&* #*%/'%' /a%' a#& F* /a

'+&* &*%a-. %-%'. a+ &*a/'a /a%a- *%8a%a &*%a-

H*&+"' a/a"a- &"*!" %#*' a/a $*" /a%a- &*%a- a+ *%;!+$' $*a+a'

&*/'a #%a$%# $'+* /a%' a%! a%! * $*"!%!- a%'+a #!!- /a &*&a8a

a%/'$'/a /a%' a%'+a #!!- * a%! a%! Ka/!+a ?a# *$' a+ #*%/aa#

/a"a& -*&+"' &*&!a# /a%a- *%8a%a &*%a-

Da"a& &**#!a %&a" a#a! #'/aa a/a% -*&+"' $*$*%a+ '#a -a%!$

&*&*%-a#'a ;a#% !&!%. 8a"a!! -a" '' *%*/a*/a /' #'a "a%a#%'!& "''.

a'#! :


9/22

%**"a&$'. -*&$*#%a$'. /""

Fng!i Pe(eri+!aan He(,g&,#in

U#! &*+*#a-!' aaa- $*$*%a+ &*+a"a&' *!%a+a /a%a- a#a! #'/a. /aa#

/'*#a-!' /*+a &*+!!% a/a% H P*!%!a a/a% H /a%' %&a" *%a%#' *!%a+a

/a%a- S!a#! /'$' a+ /'$*!# /*+a a*&'a A/aa a*&'a ='a$aa !+a /'$*%#a'

/*+a !&"a- *%#%$'# a+ &*!%! /a%' '"a' -*&a#%# /'a8a- %&a"

HITUNG HEMOGLOBIN

H'#!+ -*&+"' /'!!% /a"a& $a#!a +%a& *% /*'"'#*% (+/L)

De:a!a SI Unit

P%'a 135 = 1@0 + /L

Wa'#a 120 = 160 + /L

Ta*" 2 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ -*&+"'

%. HEMATOKRIT

H*&a#%'# $*a%a -a%;'a- *%a%#' &*&'$a-a /a%a-. a'#! &*&'$a-a $*" /a%a- /a%'

"a$&a

H*&a#%'# &*%!aa !!%a a+ &**#!a aaa !&"a- $*" /a%a- &*%a-

/a"a& 100 &" /a%a- a+ /'a#aa /a"a& *%$*# (9) N'"a' %&a" -*&a#%'# !#!

%'a *%'$a% 40.79 50.39 $*/a+a !#! 8a'#a *%'$a% 36.19 44.39

S**%#' #*"a- /'#!"'$ /' a#a$. a-8a a/a% -*&+"' *%a/'+ "!%!$ /*+a a/a%

-*&a#%'#. $*-'++a *'+a#a /a *!%!a -*&a#%'# #*%a/' a/a *a'#*a'#

a+ $a&a

HITUNG HEMATOKRIT

H'#!+ -*&a#%'# /'"a!a !#! &**#!a *%$*#a$* $*" /a%a- &*%a- #*%-a/a !&"a-

/a%a- ##a"

De:a!a SI Unit

P%'a 409 = 549


10/22

Wa'#a 3@9 = 479

Ta*" 3 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ -*&+"'

E0ALUASI HITUNG SEL DARAH MERAH

1 S*" /a%a- &*%a-

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• Fa#% +**#'$

• P!"&a% /'$*a$*$

• D*-'/%a$'

•Ga++!a +'a" /a #!&%

P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• P*%/a%a-a a!# a#a! %'$

• N!#%'#'a" /*;''*

• P*a'#*a'# *%a/a+a %'$

• Ga++!a a#a! *"a'a * &a%%8

2 H*&+"'

3 H*&a#%'#Ga&a%a *'+a#a '"a' !#! -*&a+"' /a -*&a#%'# !&!&a !#!

&*&*%*"a$ a#a! &*/!!+ -a$'" *&*%'$aa /a a#a! *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*"

/a%a- &*%a-

. SEL DARAH PUTIH 7;hite B&,," 8e&& ) ;B89

L*!$'# &*%!aa &* /a%a- a+ *%*%aa /a"a& &*&*%a+'

';*$' a+ /'$*aa "*- '%!$. a#*%'. a#a!! %$*$ &*#a"' #$'. /"" N'"a'

%&a" "*!$'# *%'$a% 4000 10000 $*"!" /a%a- P*!%!a a/a% "*!$'# '$a

/'#*&!a a/a a$!$ *a'# a'a# ';*$' '%!$. *a'# $!&$!& #!"a+. /"".

$*/a+a *'+a#aa '$a /'#*&!a a/a *a'# ';*$' a#*%'. *a'#

';"a&a$' %'$. *%/a%a-a a!#. "*!*&'a. +a+a" +'a". /"" S*" /a%a- !#'- a#a!

"*!$'#. *%*%a /a"a& &*a'$&* *%#a-aa #!!- ($'$#*& '&!) Da%a- !#'- &*&'"''

*%&aa&&aa& *'$ $*" "a+'. a'#! a$;'". *$';'". *!#%;'". "'&;$'# /a &$'#

P*&*%'$aa &aa&&aa& *'$ $*" /a%a- !#'- '' /'$*!# /';;*%*%#'a" !# /a aa

/'a-a$ a/a *&a-a$a #*%$*/'%'


11/22

HITUNG SEL DARAH PUTIH

P*&*%'$aa $*" /a%a- !#'- '$a /'"a!a $*a%a ##a" a#a! *% #'* $*" /a%a- !#'-

a+ aa *%*+a%!- a/a a!%a$' **#!a *"a'a a#a! *a'# a+ a/a

De:a!

a

SI Unit

P%'a (40 = 62) 10L

Wa'#a (42 = 64) 10L

Ta*" 4 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ $*" /a%a- !#'- ##a"

E0ALUASI HITUNG SEL DARAH PUTIH

S*" /a%a- !#'-

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• I;*$'

• I;"a&a$' a%'+a

• E$$ %a/'a$'

• L&-&a

P*!%!a '"a'K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• Pa$a %a/'#*%a' a#a! *&#*%a' /'&aa #*%/aa# *a/aa #*%#*aa

$!&$!& #!"a+

/. TROMBOSIT 7 PLATELET 9

T%&$'# &*%!aa a+'a /a%' $*" /a%a- a+ *%;!+$' &*&a#! /a"a& %$*$

*&*!a /a%a- /a &*a+a '#*+%'#a$ a$!"*%


12/22

P"a#*"*# a#a! #%&$'# &*%!aa $*" #*%*'" a+ #*%/aa# /' /a%a- P"a#*"*# &*!&a#

*/#-*"'!& a+ %!$a ("!+). $*"a!#a clotting factors &*&*#! fibrin strands !#!

&*&*%#a-aa $!&a#a "a#*"*# #*%$*!#

HITUNG PLATELET

H'#!+ "a#*"*# &*!!a !&"a- circulating plates /a"a& /a%a- H'#!+ "a#*"# #'/a

&*!!a ;!+$' "a#*"*# $*a+a' *!&a# $*a%a a/*!a# P*%-'#!+a &*+*a' -a"

#*%$*!# /'"a!a *%!a #*$# *&*%'$aa


13/22

• K*-a&'"a

. In"e+! Eritr,!it 7M80< M8H< M8H89


14/22

3. P&ate&et Di!ri#ti,n ;i"th 7PD;9

PDW &*%!aa *;'$'* a%'a$' !!%a #%&$'# Ka/a% PDW #'++' /aa#

/'#*&!a

a/a $'"* *"" /'$*a$* /a #%&$'#$'$. $*/a+a a/a% PDW a+ %*/a- /aa#

&*!!a #%&$'# a+ &*&!a' !!%a a+ *'"

4. Re" 8e&& Di!tri#ti,n ;i"th 7RD;9

RDW &*%!aa *;'$'* a%'a$' /a%' "!&*

*%'#%$'# RDW a+ #'++' /aa# &*+'/'a$'a !!%a *%'#%$'# a+ -*#*%+*. /a

'a$aa /'#*&!a a/a a*&'a /*;'$'*$' *$'. /*;'$'*$' a$a& ;"a# /a /*;'$'*$'

'#a&'


15/22

D';;*%*#'a" 0 = 0.759

Ta*" 6 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" a$;'"

EOSINOFIL

F!+$' *$';'" a/a"a- !#! &*&aa /a &*&!!- a%a$'# &!"#'$*"!"*%

E$';'" !+a *%*%a a/a %$*$ /*#';'+ &"*$ '&! a+ #*%*#! a/a

%*a$' a"*%+'

HITUNG EOSINOFIL

E,!in,-i&A$"!#* 50 = 400 L

D';;*%*#'a" 19 = 59

Ta*" 7 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" *$';'"

NEUTROFIL

N*!#%;'" /'a+' &*a/' 2. a'#! *!#%;'" a/$ /a $*+&*#*/ N*!#%;'"

$*+*&*#*/ a/a"a- $*" *!#%;'" a+ #*"a- &a#a+ (&a#!%*) a+ /'$*!# !+a /*+a

"&%-!"*a% (PMN) S*/a+a *!#%;'" a/$ a/a"a- $*" *!#%;'" a+ *"!&

&a#a+ ('&&a#!%*) /a /'$*!# !+a /*+a $#a$

HITUNG NEUTROFIL

A#!,&te Di--erentia&

N*!#%;'"3000 = 7000

L609 = 709

S*+&*#*/2@00 = 5600

L549 = 6@9


16/22

LIMFOSIT

M*%!aa #'* $*" /a%a- !#'- #*%aa $*#*"a- *!#%;'" /a /'-!!+a /*+a

%*$ '&! $*$';'

HITUNG LIMFOSIT

Li(-,!it

A$"!#* 1000 = 4000 L

D';;*%*#'a" 259 = 339

Ta*" , N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" "'&;$'#

MONOSIT

M$'# &*%!aa #'* $*" /a%a- !#'- /*+a !!%a #*%*$a%. a+ &*+a"a&'

*%!a-a &*a/' $*"$*" &a%;a+. a+ *%;!+$' /a"a& $'$#*& *%#a-aa #!!-

Li(-,!it

A$"!#* 100 = @00 L

D';;*%*#'a" 39 = 79

Ta*" 10 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" &$'#

E0ALUASI DIFFERENTIAL 8OUNT

1


17/22

2 E$';'"

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *$';'":

•

I;*$' a%a$'#. &'$a"a: #"a$&$'$ /a +a$#%'#*$#'a" a%a$'#*• R*a$' %-a""*%+' $**%#' a$&a. %-''#'$ a""*%+'a

D'*%"!a *&*%'$aa %'8aa# a"*%+' $**"!& #'/aa %$*/!% */a-

P*!%!a '"a'

S*%!a /*+a a$;'". *!%!a '"a' /';;*%*#'a" !# *$';'" a%a+ #*%a/' a%*a

!&"a-a a+ $*/''# /' /a"a& $*" /a%a- !#'-

3 N*!#%;'"

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *!#%;'":

• I;*$' a!# a+ /'$*aa a#*%'

• O*$'#a$

• O%a+%a+ a+ &*% $'+a%*#

• S#%*$$ a;#*% $!%+*%

P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *!#%;'":

• S**%* %"+*/ ';*#'$

• S-"*&*+a"

• P*++!aa **%aa a# a#'&'%a. a#'';"a&a$' /a aa"+*$'

4 L'&;$'#

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# "'&;$'#:

• I;*$' a!# a+ /'$*aa '%!$'%!$. $**%#': cytomegalovirus, measles,

mumps, rubella. #-a a/a *a'# E/*&' a%#'#'$

P*!%!a '"a'

P*!%!a '"a' /';;*%*#'a" !# "'&;$'# $*%'+ /'-!!+a /*+a HIC /a AIDS

5 M$'#

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# &$'#:

• I;*$' %'$ $**%#': #!*%!"$'$ , subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# &$'#:


18/22

• P*/*%'#a a+ &*a"a' #*%a' +"!%#''/

HEMOSTASIS

Aa'"a a%'+a #!!- &*+a"a&' */*%a /a &*+a"a&' *%/a%a-a aa &*&'!

%a+a'a a#''#a$ ;a#% *&*!a /a%a- &*"a"!' 3 a"!%: I#%'$'. E$#%'$' /a U&!&

/a &*%a+$a+ *&*#!a *!a /a%a-

Na&!. a/a+a/a+ #*%a/' *"a'a a+!"a$' (*&*!a) /a%a- . $*-'++a

&*&*%"!a #*$#*$. a#a%a "a':

• T*$ PT (P%#-%&' T'&*)

• T*$ aPTT (a#'a#*/ Pa%#'a" T-%&"a$#' T'&*)

PROTHROMBIN TIME TEST

PT /'"a!a !#! &*+*a"!a$' ;a#% *&*!a /a%a- (CII. C. ). %#-%&' /a

;'%'+* /*+a a%a &*+-'#!+ 8a#! a+ /'*%"!a "a$&a /a%a- !#! &*&*!

$*#*"a- *a&a-a a"'!& -"%'/*

;a+t N,r(a&: 1115 /*#'

aPTT

aPTT /'"a!a !#! &*+*a"!a$' *"a'a *%/a%a-a /a &*&'#% a$'* a+

&*+$!&$' a# anticlotting, mis: -*a%'. a%*a -*a%' /aa# &*+-a&a# ;a#%

/a #-%&' &*+a#'a$' a#' #-%&'

T*$ aPTT /'"a!a /*+a a%a M*+-'#!+ 8a#! a+ /'*%"!a "a$&a /a%a- !#!

&*&*! $*#*"a- *a&a-a Ka"' (-/%a#*/ a"!&!'!& $'"'a#*) /a *-a"'

;a+t N,r(a&: 35 /*#

Pe(eri+!aan Ki(ia Darah

A"a# a+ /aa# /'+!aa !#! *&*%'$aa '&'a /a%a- a'#! R*;"#% -* S'$#*&

/*+a &*++!aa %*a$' '&'a *%'+. %*a+* $#' $*$!a' /+ + /''+'a

P*&*%'$aa '&'a /a%a- &*"'!#' :


19/22

1 G"!$a (S*8a#!. P!a$a /a 2 a& PP) :

U#! &*+*#a-!' a/a% G"!$a /a%a-. $*-'++a &*&a#! &**#!a #*%a'

a$'* /'a*#*$

2 -"*$#*%" T#a". T%'+"'$*%'/a. HDL. LDL :

U#! &*+*#a-!' %;'" "*&a a$'*. $*-'++a &*&a#! &**#!a #*%a'.

&*&a#a! #*%a'. &**#!a ;a#% %'$' P>K /a S#%*

3 S&a"" /*$*LDL

LDL *%!!%a *'" /a "*'- *%a-aa /a%' LDL. &*%!aa ;a#% %*$' P>K /a

$#%*

4 U%*!& (


20/22

a/a%a *%a%#' *&!+'a a/a *"a'a (%a/a+. ';*$'. a#!. #!&%) a/a -a#'

/a $a"!%a *&*/!

13 P%#*' E"*#%-%*$'$ (SPF)

M*%!aa #*$# !#! &*+*#a-!' %%$' (9) ;%a$';%a$' %#*' /a"a& /a%a-

BAB III

PENUTUP

Ke!i('&an

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a (&"*#*


21/22

P*&*%'$aa '&'a /a%a- &*"'!#' : G"!$a. -"*$#*%" T#a". T%'+"'$*%'/a. HDL. LDL.

S&a"" /*$*LDL. U%*!& (aa%#a : E%"a++a

-a'%"a 2004 Pedoman Teknik Dasar untuk Laboratorium Kesehatan >aa%#a : P**%'#


22/22

makalah biokimia darah

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