majeed zafar ledrasvjeta

8/13/2019 Majeed Zafar LEDrasvjeta

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L E D F O R R O A D W A Y , A R E A A N D

P A R K I N G F A C I L I T Y A P P L I C A T I O N S

LED FOR INFRASTRUCTURE LIGHTING APPLICATIONS

MAJEED UZ ZAFER


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TOPICS COVERED

OPTICAL DESIGN METRICS

INFLUENCE OF S/P RATIOS NADIR DUMP

BUG RATINGS

PERFORMANCE TESTING

DESIGNING WITH LED LUMINAIRES


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Single-sided emission light source:

Outside decorative applications (Acorns, Lanterns, Etc.),

most outdoor lighting tasks involve lighting the ground

Since 100% of the lumens produced by an LED (in a

pad-up orientation) are directed toward the ground, most

of the light is already heading in the right direction

Optic

alDesign

Methods

COMPARISON BETWEEN HID SOURCES AND LED


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Single-sided emission light source:

Optic

alDesign

Methods

~10% loss per bounce Many bounces required

65-75% Average Efficiency

Tendency for nadir light

~10% loss per bounce Many rays can be passed through


Very low nadir light possible

HID(Horizontal lamp)

LED


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Optical Performance

Optic

alDesign

Methods

Asymmetric Patterns May be Complicated

HID(Horizontal lamp)

LED


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Optical Performance:

Optic

alDesign

Methods

~10% loss per bounce

Reduced Light at Nadir

Fewer Bounces Required


Asymmetric Patterns May be Complicated

{

HID(vertical lamp)

LED


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Coefficient of Utilization:

Optic

alDesign

Methods

150HPS 110LED

Lamp

Lumens: 16,000 N/A

Delivered

Lumens:11,435 11,071

Downward

Street Side6214.1 8174.3

SS% of Fixture

Lumens54% 74%

SS% of Lamp

Lumens39% N/A

Wattage: 188W 110W

Street Side

Efficiency:33 lm/W 74lm/W


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From Nadir Dump


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To UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION


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Optic

alDesign

Methods

Variety of Optical Control Methods:

The goal:

Asource

Btask

Asource

( )

QRcost

Gglare

Eefficiency

Ccontrol & comfort

Btask


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Optic

alDesign

Methods

Variety of Optical Control Methods:

PrismaticNone ReflectorMinimal TIR

None: Bare LEDs Caution

Diffusion: Frosted Lenses & Filters

Prismatic: Geometric & Refractive Surface Features

TIR: Total Internal Reflection

Reflectors: Reflective Opaque Geometry

Combination:


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Optic

alDesign

Methods

None (Bare LEDs)

Sometimes the easiest thing to

do is nothing at all (pixel effect)

Potentially harsh for theobserver

Beware of efficiency claims

Requires at least a lens/cover to

protect PCB and LED fromenvironment

Value IndexEfficiency

Control

Comfort

Protection

Material Cost


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Diffusion

Comfort and efficiency is afunction of degree of diffusion

May be applicable for low-level

pedestrian-scale applications(bollards, etc.)

When source luminance isdesired

Value Index

Efficiency

Control

Comfort

Protection

Material Cost


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Prismatic

Traditionally used in post top & flood

applications

Works well with small (intense) light

sources Advanced film and sheet light

shapers available

Value Index

Efficiency

Control

Comfort

Protection

Material Cost

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Total Internal Reflection(TIR)

The most common controlmethodology used today

Very High Efficiency

Surface features can be finely tuned to

provide a high level of control Easily provides high CBCP

Suitable for a variety of applications(Outdoor & Flood)

Possible to mix and match differentoptics to provide application-basedphotometry


Control

Comfort

Protection

Material Cost

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Total Internal Reflection(TIR)

Small source size:

Minimal optical material requirements

Low surface temp provides an opportunity to interfacelamp source directly with optical system

Caution:As drive currents increase, LED

temperatures may increaseaccordingly. Since most TIR optics

are made from acrylic, the potential

exists to surpass the thermal

limitations of PMMA (~97C).

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Reflector

Average to Good Efficiency

Potential for superior comfort and

control

Requires additional lensing forenvironmental protection

May impact efficiency

May allow for aimed (task optimized

optics)

Task efficiency may be high while raw

efficiency is lower


Control

Comfort

Protection

Material Cost

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Considerations for use

System Efficiency Control Comfort Protection

Bare

Minimal

Prismatic

TIR

Reflector

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Optical Selection Modifiers:

Novelty

Comfort & Glare

Efficiency

Light Trespass

O


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OpticalDesign

Methods

Other Novel Approaches | Combination

O


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OpticalDesign

Method

s

Different Distributions Achieved

O


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OpticalDesign

Method

s

Other Novel Approaches | LED Light Guides

Mercedes S-Class Interior

T


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Visual System Performance:

The human visual system is adaptive

Perceived Brightness:

Influenced by

Purkinje Effect / Scotopic Enhancement

Pupil Size

Reflectivity of Surfaces (ex: concrete)

Color Temperature

Uniformity

Potentially Color Rendering

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios

T


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Visual SystemPerformance

From the Purkinje Effect, humans see

differently under different levels of

illumination

Under higher levels of light (~10 cd/m), thevisual response system is dominated by

the cone photoreceptors (Photopic Vision).

Under lower levels of light (10 cd/m to

~.0001 cd/m), both rods and codes are

active (Mesopic Vision).

Under very low levels of light (< ~.0001

cd/m), the visual response system is

dominated by the rod photoreceptors

(Scotopic Vision).

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tioshttp://www.lrc.rpi.edu

T


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Visual System Performance:

S/P Ratio = Scotopic/Photopic Ratio

All IES illuminance

recommendations assume an S/P

ratio of 1.0

Most recommended outdoor light

levels are in the Mesopic range.

If the [light source] is known tohave a different ratio, then an

adjustment may be made to the

recommended illuminance [value].

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios

The S/P ratio of the optical

radiation is a single-value

indicator and the larger

the value the more

dominant are the shorter

(blue) wavelengths.

T


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Visual System Performance S/P Ratio

ASSIST discusses a new unified system of photometry

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios

T


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Visual System Performance

S/P Ratio = Scotopic/Photopic Ratio

COMPARISON OF VISUAL EFFICACY OF LED VS. HID SOURCES AS EVALUATED BY UNIFIED SYSTEM OF PHOTOMETRY PROPOSED BY

REA, ET. AL., 'ASSIST RECOMMENDS', VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2, JAN. 2009; LIGHTING RESEARCH CENTER, RENSSELAER POLY. INST.

Illuminance

(fc)

Photopic

luminance

(cd/m)

4300K

White LED

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

M.H.

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

HPS

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

.1 .034 .062 .049 .023

.2 .069 .114 .093 .048

.3 .103 .16 .134 .075

.4 .137 .201 .173 .105

.5 .171 .24 .21 .135

.6 .206 .276 .245 .168

.7 .24 .31 .28 .202

.8 .274 .342 .313 .237

.9 .309 .373 .346 .272

1.0 .343 .403 .378 .309

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios

The values below assume a surface reflectivity of 10%

T


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Visual System Performance

S/P Ratio = Scotopic/Photopic RatioThe values below assume a surface reflectivity of 10%

Illuminance

(fc)

Photopic

luminance

(cd/m)

4300K

White LED

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

M.H.

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

HPS

(cd/m)

(Mesopic)

1.1 .377 .432 .409 .347

1.2 .411 .460 .440 .385

1.3 .446 .487 .470 .423

1.4 .480 .514 .500 .462

1.5 .514 .540 .529 .502

1.6 .548 .565 .558 .541

1.7 .583 .589 .587 .5811.8 .617 .600 .600 .600

1.9 . . . .

2.0 . . . .

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios

COMPARISON OF VISUAL EFFICACY OF LED VS. HID SOURCES AS EVALUATED BY UNIFIED SYSTEM OF PHOTOMETRY PROPOSED BY

REA, ET. AL., 'ASSIST RECOMMENDS', VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2, JAN. 2009; LIGHTING RESEARCH CENTER, RENSSELAER POLY. INST.

T


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Visual System Performance S/P Ratio

The Implications of a light source S/P ratio becomes

reduced under higher illuminance requirements.

When the required (IES) levels are selected in lieu of

higher arbitrary values, LED sources may have an edge.

At this time, S/P ratios have not been fully analyzed forroadway applications or more specifically areas where

speeds of travel are greater than 25mph.

TheIn

fluenceofS/PRa

tios


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32

ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00

Re-affirmed 2010

Recommended

Practice for

Roadway Lighting


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Purpose of Standard

Recommended practice for designing new, continuouslighting systems

Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways

Basis for design of fixed lighting


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Joint IDA-IES

Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance

MLO

IES


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Prescriptive Method

Lumen density limits to address over-lighting

3 digit identification system for lighting products

B rating Backlight or light trespass

U rating Upward light or sky glow

G rating High angle zone or glare

Limits for each lighting zone are published

in TM-15-11(Luminaire Classification

System for Outdoor Luminaires)


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BUG RATING

36


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Definition of BUG Rating

37


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Efficiency Where It Counts

38

UP LIGHT

0 lm. 0%

180

100100BACK LIGHT

43 lm. 1.0%

BVH 90= 0.0%

BH 80=

0.2%

BM 60= 0.5%

BL 30= 0.3%

FVH 90= 4.5%

FM 60= 25.9%

FL 30= 0.8%

0

UH

UL

How much light is going where I want?

How much light is going where I dontwant?

FVH 90= 4.5%

FORWARD LIGHT

4066 lm. 99.0%


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Application Shot

39


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Application Shot

40


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What is Different about LED?

Performance Considerations

Standards and Testing Procedures

Designing with LED Luminaires


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Performance Considerations

HID Light SourcesLight produced by electric

arc

Intermittent (120 times per

second) AC current

Will extinguish if line voltage

not maintained. One to 20

minute restrike

No adjustment for operating

temperature

LED Light SourcesLight produced by photon

emission at diode junction

Continuous light with DC

current

Instant on and restrike

Life and efficacy affected by

operating temperature


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Performance Testing

IESNA Testing Procedures

For

LED Luminaires


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Performance Testing

HID Luminaires

Photometric testing to

IES LM-31

Adjusted to published

initial lamp lumens

No adjustment for

operating temperature

No adjustment to lamp

life

LED LuminairesPhotometric testing to IES LM-79

Absolute photometry

Lamp life and efficacy are derivedfrom data accumulated using IES

LM-80 procedures based on LED

junction temperatures in a

luminaire and calculated usingTM-21-11 procedures


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LM-80-08

Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light

Sources

Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at the

three or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in the

test.


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TM-21-11

Projecting Long Term

Lumen Maintenance of

LED Light Sources

Approved by the IES Board in July 2011

LM 80 & TM 21


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TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LEDlifetime projections that are consistent and understandable

Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree,Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM

TM-21 provides two major functions:

1. Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate LxxLED lifetime

2. Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 differenttemperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate LxxLEDlifetime

LM-80 & TM-21

LM-80(testing) + =

TM-21(projection)

Somethinguseful


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TM-21-11 Tables

ABT1 30LED E35

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 95%

60K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%

70K 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93%

80K 100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92%

90K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 95% 94% 92% 91%

100K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 94% 93% 92% 91%

ABT1 30LED E53

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%

60K 100% 100% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%

70K 100% 99% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

80K 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%

90K 100% 99% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%

100K 100% 99% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%

ABT1 30LED E70Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 98% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93%

60K 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%

70K 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90%

80K 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 89%

90K 96% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89% 88%

100K 96% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88% 87%

Ambient Temperatures


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TM-21-11 Tables

ABT1 60LED E35

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%

90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%

100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

ABT1 60LED E53

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%

60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%

70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%

90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%

100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%

ABT1 60LED E70

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%

60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%

70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%

80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%

100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%

Ambient Temperatures


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TM-21-11 Curves

Ambient C

60 LED E70


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Levels of LED Standards

Level Description Example

Basic definition LED chip, LED lamp,Module, LightEngine

IES RP-16

LED Component Colour, LumenMaintenance,

Binning

ANSI C78.377A,

IES LM-80, IES TM-21, NEMA SSL-3,CSA C22.2 No. 250.13

Fixture Photometry, safety IES LM-79, UL 8750,CSA C22.2 No.250

Application Streets, Roadways

Parking Areas

IES RP-8,

IES RP-20Program Energy, utility US EPA Energy Star,

Design LightsConsortia, KoreanEnergy Program, etc.


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Designing with LEDLuminaires


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LED Street Lighting Design Parameters

Existing Street for conversion

i. Street Parameters

a) Number and width of driving lanes

b) Width of any turn lanes

c) Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes

ii. Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflictiii. Pole specifics

a) Luminaire mounting height

b) Pole setback from curb

c) Bracket arm type and length

d) Arrangement and spacing

iv. Proposed cleaning cycle

v. Existing luminaires


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Luminaire Dirt Depreciation

LDD = 0.89


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LLF = LDD X LLD

LDD from IES RP-8-00;

5-year cleaning,

Clean ambient

LDD = 0.89

LLD from specific TM-21-11 table

Average night-time ambient; 10C Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours

LLD = ?

LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????


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LLF = LDD X LLD


5-year cleaning,

Clean ambient

LDD = 0.89

LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA

Average night-time ambient; 10C

90,000 operating hours

LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83

.93ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%

60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%

90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%

100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

ABT1 60LED E53

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%

60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%

70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%

90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%

100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%

ABT1 60LED E70

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%

60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%

70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%

80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%

100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%


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LLF = LDD X LLD


5-year cleaning,

Clean ambient

LDD = 0.89

LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA

Average night-time ambient; 10C

90,000 operating hours

LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85

.96

ABT1 60LED E35

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%

60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%

90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%

100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

ABT1 60LED E53

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%

60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%

70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%

100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%

ABT1 60LED E70

Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%

60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%

70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%

80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%

100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%

Surge Protection


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Surge Protection

All Electronic Devices Require

Protection from Induced Voltage Surges

LEDgend Combats Surge IEEE C62.41 2002


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59William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC28 January, 2013

Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA

Category B:Indoor: 6kV / 3kA Category C Low:Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA

Category C High: Outdoor : 10kV/10kA

C B AIEEE STDC62.41

g g

Design Integrity System Life Surge Protection


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Design Integrity System Life - Surge Protection

Surge Protection Device designed tomeet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002-Category C High

Specifically designed for Electroniccontrol gear including LED Drivers

Designed to fail off. Disconnects driverfrom mains.

To continue to protect luminaire

electronics until SPD is replaced.

Warns that SPD has failed and

needs to be replaced


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Basic LED Luminaire Specification

Colour Temperature

Supply Voltage

Photocontrol receptacle if required

Paint finish colour if required

Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations

Internal field level adjustment

Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications

LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab

TM-21 LLD data

Vibration test data

Surge protection data

Warranty


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Optional LED Luminaire Requirements

Dimming, Monitoring, Metering

Dimmable Driver

Part-Night Dimming

Constant Light Output Dimming

Wireless Monitoring

Optional Metering


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Thank You

majeed zafar ledrasvjeta

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