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-~t.L;~-~·.: (,.rllJ P,Ai\IPEI1..T 1'0. C·~nD3

INSTlvJGTIONS FOR \ HlSPl:..CTION AND j·u,L·.fL1.iU,CE OF

hOL.:L.tR b.h!<.hIM AXl.ili bOll.S OF

B,G, I,e, F. bOGJ~S

~ Cu~T0'., ;;... L..rl.l.ilH _19 71---THlS ,'x.;l·.Ll..s.l:.Illi~

':2i,Ch:HCAL PAMPHlJ:.T NO.~~~).:

I.sSJ:W) BY :

'U:..Sk&1.CH ill.SIGNS J:. SrANDAli.DS OIi.G",I\lS.."LOl.­

" ErIl,I S~1i.y. OF 1i.AI11".~ YE.' .'" Y'iA1UK ljbG.J,R Lr~JoL..<':ci!'·1A4

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INTHYDUC ~.'ION- .----­. Origi.na.ll.v, when aJ.J".onetal all wel.ed ligbt-lveigat . :uJtegral coacnes, 5.nHialJ.,y in:port.ed from SW".,.ss Car and

lievator l'JannfactuILlg GoO. and suooequently manufactured at. IGF, IiJadraslil wexe introduced on Ind:Lan Railways, spherical roller~~f.Lngs applied on these coaches were mainta.ined in accordance w.ith tile instr.l.('.tions contained 1. n the IlIaker's Namlals These instructions were not only di~ferent for each make: ~~t were also not complete io 3~rp.ral repects •

. , In the year 1970, hDSO prepared "Naiot.e:aace Mam;al lor. ~CF-~1ill.t llG .b..U-.,"'l)ll Bogie and uoo.ergear" wher~:L: ·eS~U8S ~structions for the attention to other Pog~e ~Allpunentsl a cnapter on attention to be given to tile :"llar-bearing was also included, S!~bGdqt;,ently, ~n the ','oar 1974, based on the instructioc,; ::.,c~tained.1.:1 the. :?er s Manual and experience gai.l:cJ. ICy the Inuwn RaJ-l-:- . ;~s: Tecb.n~caJ. P8JI!Iltllet No.C.~7/~005 ccntawi~g j..:lstIUCt~e-.'l5 .~ ;L,Onp~cti.ol1 and maintenac:3 of roller-l:"eann6 . ' ;.~..>G. c.1; .l:lG Ie:!!' togies was prepar~d by F.I<5J and c:..=­

/' late; to' alJ. the hailways. I F I

/". .'. aris:"ng out of the feco=enda~icns a f On~·] ~tteels rteport on Imller-bearings' 1lpplied to leF . ~ac~ Sivck (heport No.1 of 1976) aDd furth:r ~~dJ-€~ <,,1 ~-«;;.:r-'i gat ions condu.cted by liDs.:, j..t was ccns;Ld~r~; .~.~ to revise and update th~ :nstrustions,~ ~~ yn Ilia subject. kccordi ngl,]i, tl1is T~~ .~1

. '~llrp:J..e\ has .::~n.....l~ared The i;;st~..,i.ci;s C()!1t8;.U'<--: / i;t 'h.iSl ?~~r.le~ sUpersede~ t lie 'iJJll'.li.e.:' c.oe,'3 con,Ed..'1£o<l

, "'~Q hDS'pJti;'-" .:?a.:.:;Jhlet No. 74005.': /

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1.,TYPi;.S/i1h1.hS OF bl...li..U'GS ,Hm SOt'Ie. CONS1'hUCTlON1.L D1T•.ILS:

1.1 Self·..al.4;o.l.ng spher,ical roJ,..ler bearing 110.22326 CR/D3 -of SKF make and lio.22326ili~~3 of FJ,G make are mainly ill Use on I(;F-built J:lG malnLine coaches. III addition. tne

fo.llowing self-al..:.gt..:Lag spherical' wiler b'e-arifl.gs are on trial on ICI'-b1Jilt LlG ma,i.nline coaches:­

-':2.,12-£ ftX/G3 • •• KOYO 22}26 AK/c3 ••• JiRI, -. 22326 ~~jC3 ~CBI ~..., - .... 22326 K~~,C3F2 '.' NO~

, "11 t~ above spherical ro.U."c', ,-e'u'ip-;jS 21:'9 mou!JteJ'.1". the aXle ,;H2326. With the help of a t2,pcr \'iitnclr'cc~"c.l aleeve ::0,

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' '..mWlg th~ roller bearim~s mentioned a beve, sooe !:9ve ,0 sYmmGtriGal rQller~ and pressed steel/brass cages while '

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:t;.ers have 28 as'.1Draetrical rcllels and ill:lChi;::ed bronze 0<&ges. ",r,e i20m.~t:d.c vL.~ eacil of toe two versions of self-ali€llin~

, :U.lJ.er, beaLing 16 shl)"n i.'1 I'i.guxes 1 and 1"";..., ,., \ rn

,~b.e beari.'1iiS I:IUst be prl)G'(U'ed from tt:e :'a.~cturer.:'jr the~r a~lthorj.sed agents in India •

.. 2 Cross- &e<ltional Views of roller bear~g axle box

.l.:-angements With two eXisting alternative end J.C.;~'::il~eL'lents are sb.own in :Hgures 2 and 2-1•• T!lc 7crr~r:t r •

,,:,,::ndard is tne end ltxrJd.n" arrargement as sb.:'wn :Lr: F:.g • .::-.," le..:u..waY"~~"-:l 1 c . a~d wee""'" - ',~ ........!.L a so work to this arrangemen. as > ,,_

.~i:.l.4l~ J w~J.sets, having older axrangeme::t, :.s eke, •..... . <,} .h€fer ,to the follOWing drawings for detcU3 ,: :n;.U.er~"'~a 1 '

, "--.g aLLe -IQX components ;_. ,

",) m ?.oJ.ler ,tearing axle box ~rrar~emen" with a~~u&ar ':".l.t fer- Bnc. locking.

-4} :r:,;.l,erb~~ axle box a~raI~ement w:th Tetainir~ . ~ ~~" '.

",.t~ .. \r _ ..-I:J?; lG~ end _OCK1.ng. ~r- :l - ,'"' , ...~...··t ·9 Qf.l.l.. ':'(~Jusi.c.g ...

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7ii) Front cover RDm Sk.76127 ,iii) hetaining ring - ~-·8,-2 --613 ~) J.nmllar nut T-0-2-·509 Item 8"

:z:) Lo cr-o.Ulg pla t e FJ)SO Sle.76G53 7..i) UJd.:;i...'1€::lol t (tsxa - T-J-2-619

gOll&l headed "crew)

tii) FeU ring. T-O-2-605 wHh &:hedu.le of Requirenents of felt laid down by RDS').,..--­

ziii) Bolt and Nut" T-J-?-60S /

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')-. Vi"INTLrii.NGJ;. O!i'¥Ui:.: UL­"-...

2.1 Roller bearir~ axl'e, boxes in service should be felt by :E..:Jd at haltir.g ntatio.'1fl and the taxes examined visually. .~::y ~e box wtich is found to be abnormally warmer than tbe otter ~zle.boxea in the same coach may be deemed as "hot box". ~ ~Bcr~ stlOuld be detached from .serv:i.ce in case o.f the following'~efec~s:_ .

;) Hot axle box; ii/ ::P-llB&edaxle box;

~ '.. .~) )ama~ed L~ or rear cover;

>'{\- ; S€~B1 n.ller bearing; and

or, ~oa.ches met 'with accidents, derailments, !iri' :"lood e';,·~. " .

;:? 1:'l.I'e shOUld 'e.e. taken :to monitor operat;L%.temperat~~e,of" :-_e~h.ly greased axle Doxes. J. freshly greas&.:r a:::le tax rnaJ ...nd}.~aL :l. :Ligber operating ''';-enperature due to ext.'·v ,;.:·(;a8e ;i.JJnidG the box. ~~~ ~;.n a few t-.r1pe the temperature should ::t',,!'J Jise a"'; t'le norme': -",~.when the ex-t!l;'a g~se uozes out from the rear "over. .

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:. )).B.r€ should tie taken that no coach fitted w~th roller 'e2 rL:1€; is l:Eop-:; stationary for a long time. In case of ~oache:" ~:!)U:W-ei. for a :t.ong time, they should be shunte: up and dcwn a~ ·~sLLar ~nter.~ .

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~'.~, i.t ~ain-.. b:xamination Depots, coaching s~.Jck :fitted wit~ ~~l£r bea~ings may be checked for the followi=f:­

:) JO waat:r-.basin CLa.~sCbarge pip? sho~W be di;,"","',;l,Y 3.tl.')ve the axLe- ':lo:,x >

:i~. . . , , ~~e ~ and the ~ar covers of the aJ;le box: may ;:'1"/eL"m1npiL::.o.rcra~ka, exc;essive s.lackneW ett'l. ~<"

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(iii) Clearance between axle bv:: ',,':;} the wheel should be ob.e~ked to ellBUIe that axel box UOJG ;JOt bind against the wb.eel.

(1v) Brake gear should be properly adjusted to avoid poss1bility of brake binding.

3, l1i,I1~W.hC.h IN WO:!iKSBOP:.. ... '). ""'. . . ~

_,.1 The roller bearing mai.J:Jtenace secti.on in the ,'-' vorkshop should be well laid out ar.d should have adequate

;guipment and faciLities to tackle roller bearing ax!e ,~C)xes • For the lS'.lidance of the ltClilways, a suggested layout at' feller bearing ~ntenace s~tion and equipment and facilit~ed;0 be prQJ..rided therein have been :lndi-cated i n Ii-US) SK... 76f14.ci ~~d nDGO's letter No.I~!EB/G1NL. dated 22.5/2.6.76. : ....e IJ)8::1 SK. 7604:5 also detaiJ.s out the sequence of :~erat~CJn and work-flow chart for 'the various components ~: ~~ll~r bea~g aXle box. The m~eBt€d layout shown in RDS:

". I'::/..~,.bUJ w~thout sequence o-f operation and work-lie'''' cnaL_s,-3.<=prooJ:.Wed ,in Eig.11. ' '~.2 \ ~'-".' \~~IS an~lbn~ls:

. , 0se only specified tOQ.1.s for attentaion to raari~5.' Keep tools as clean as the bearings the~ves. Place tools and bearingson dry Slj,riaces. " ., ~andlebearings carefully avoiding t:;,e:'.::: gett:r.g.rnase~ lse ~, clean cotton cloth frec'l ci ,~.J.u..lf er .!;ooa. ~ty ,hrush for .cleaning bearD:gs.,

• Slore spare bearings in a dry p;a;e. Opern them o~!" e. ~ the .ime of mounti.ng so as 'X protec-:; them fre-', Ql.st and moist"JXe. /

",'7 ~ not p:~ce cearings and tcc~s on the floy~~'­ " 'tile handlic.g as they may ?,tJ::k up ~llst. ;.

-.8 ~ not Use co.ton waste wl:l:...:.e clean~rg an.: ~dLtng bcar~~gs.

...9 , .: '::.ct use dirt;: clea.tl.i.ng agent as thi3'r::a.y resul-­c. d;;.st enter.i.C into bear.1::gs .leadiIJ!'· to prerr18n -,:€

" ':"l'lre. - / .. -..... 10

',--• l "i, ':c.t drop beer~s•

7. ~J ~ . I") Cl r./ --~ .~ods ¢", ~~lir. gf..-rnllErc8ar i ;k':

·~~.1 .,~l ~er -earin;s are ";0 be clelWCi, :.nSPEct~::·c~ 't:.<:.~ed wi~h ~resh ~nC.se a. eveI;'- ?0E vI t"o ,."r- -,

. Llb. whicn.;:'rer i..a ~,1E ear~s~.

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3.3.2 lJi""'ount roller beari.ngs every alternate inspect10n in the workshops for =enewal of the felt sealing ring. If any defect in the rolJer bearing .i.s suspected 2:;# or the rear cover is damaged, dismov.nt tbe roller be2J:ing irres­pecttve of the,'alst date of G..i.sD01..:.nting,

3.4 ~~eanj~~ of-~9.~ler~be2~in~ axle box 2s~e~bly and_ .'.->....:",JJ: ....j ~ ...l~~ . J~-: 0 ~~;...cf..t' w~ 1; 110U t c;.;" S GO Lt:J. ~ ~n.c- : -- -~-- _ !ii2.

3. 4, ~ ThoD'.-ll.ghl,v cies:1 tue ext~lior of the axle boX.

3.4.2 Item0ve t'le fro~t G{)ver a'nd the axle box housine::. ohj,le reITicving t~~e ho\;.sing, the' axle box r..ousing ccn be ;;;;~led out Us::'ng a mec::'anical SCrew type extractor. Care ,3hotA.ld te taken that tne end of the scye..1 does not dlY.'=ctlj' .:e.st on tr.e 8.7.1e centre, 1'hrust b(ari.-.~ ~:Jd a fad should cc ~seQ, suit:;bly locating t he pad, to ;C':~" ' Ghe axle centra .:xo ill any ::...njury.

;.4.3 lXam.ine the gTE:ase with resDect to its oc:wistencr ,:olour, cont.amination with water foreign p2rticles etc;. ::;: ~rea~e is in good condition, beeling need not be dismounte.J ~rovlded felt sealing ring and the resr cover do not regu~~e 'c:neV/"l. Itemove tbe._&I.c<::se (::!1d thoroughly \vesh the O£2<r11:" , . :Od component.s-~liJ;h kero seneaoo. :t.h.e.D- with per.rol/whi te Bolrl ::.t~ the aid cf\a syring and a br.1sh or Witll cotton clot'~ ,,',.rJ...l1g care that: hair from the brush or fluff i=orn clotJ do ;:".t s::;i.t}k in the cage pockets. Sl::;wly rcta<;e t:2€ beariJ6 w~le CleaniLg, Clean ~herG~r cover.

,.4.4. ..:.xamine rollers, cage out'er and inner :'ing~, r;ller :;&cks of OUter ring of 'the bear~ng after sw~\-ellln6 ,~e cute --.::.g. J:.xailli..rJe ro.ller tracks of i!:lner ring a:::'ter ot).>hanl.Cally_. ,·U,L.ng. , (Jut a :ew rollers .. Beari'ng may be re"ecte':' in lOB·se f': "'-','; (, f the foL:.Qwir.g defects:

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"J l' .t::;ted ox :laked roller tracks and n'':'len •

.;,., ~ ::ra::ke.dl deforced or badly war' "'; c."§::,, , ,. preese.~·­Q";eel/brass ~age may bere.-usi.'~, .:1 :: c~;e or tc" .'Vlle:Cs fall Jut of cage pocket ,:ov;'OEiO l.be dif;'2re1'->€ ",e";ween pocke~ width and the oaX;E~ roller dia, &.'e2 'it Qceed C. <,=. In case of IDa.:nined bronze cage '. i:sn ~i one rol.ler falls out ,~ t he cage pocket .l.u~.:J5­"':spe<f ion and hancl11ng, tbe ;e.ge SliOUld be re;i.e-.-tr',:,. .

l~:'''Sr..q;d ~,!l.'1er or outEr ri:1f.:""

(17) &-:.C£l'. 9 p 'i'''ged o'lu;~d'i'Gl"Ce of outer b..nf' l·

.~- "" .'(7) .....-l1l·dente.·1C:lS en the rints or rolJ..E.r.s.r, //

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roller tracks and rollers• .~~ .

s corrosion damage or excessive fretting ·'''_.-~i . ~

rXOB~on. . Etnell.i.ng or :false brinelling:

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',!d.!lgs exhibiting deep straw' or bluE; or purple ·colour indicati!'.g effect.

x)": i.xcessive or low radial c],-, 't:,c' nce. ~i11~':, '. . I i '-;'-clearance of thE; bearir.g '.,1 :nou.:,ced posi tj.on should ,

sBured with a long feder sCiUg8 sii!ru.l taneously over h'-rowa of iolle.:s • The blades of the feeler guugt; :obould

1,"" :serted between the outEr ri.'lg and the llnlo&ded rollers. " ollera sho .ld not be 3.Uowed .0 roll cver t:JEi blade •

. 'l:low1ng +s the acceptable range of radi&] clear<:,nce in fA\U-......1J:'.etres witil the ceari.r:6 in position on jcurnal: ­

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~""'tllear1nF =.ke ~~ of rac.j al clea~..E.e in.I~

00' •:-. 0< O'{O to 0.265

••• 0.090 to 0.270 •.• 0.080 to 0.185

••• 0.090 to 0.225 If 1nspectlon of t~€ bearing shows that tte bearing

. e fit ,to ~~ntinue in service, remove the end locking ~lts d renew the end.locking fastenj-Ilg plate.Ct)eck the end lccking

;bolte aa per para 3.7.7. Fit the locking bolts in pos::ction and . ~1ghtcn with a torque wernch to a t(',:':J';'c yal,.e ~pecified : 1.1J:l para 3.8.6. Fol.J. over the tees C7. ';';', , ock1ng plate on to the bolt ht'c:d3 • Y.lii'~1.1 the d2te, mcnth alld year of attention and workshop's c8de on ttle locking plate.

,,),noase of arrangement to :Fig. 2~. & on annul.<ir nut in caee of ,~raogement to :rig.2 •

. ~.4.6 ~ack fresh gr~aee h~tween the rollers and the epaee between rear lJQVe.r and roller bearing. F'oro a tI1lnceta,' ~!)ne o:f grease 1n front oi the bes.ring.Clean the 'V' g::ooves ~,~ the rear cover and fill tt.eo up with freeh greese. -~r~ughly elean the axlebcx housing and the front cover,

.~n'l 1.n particualr the 'V' E:rOOV8S on their faces. Check toeD _s jeta~ed in paras 3.7.2 a~d 3.7.5. Fil.l in the freeh ~ree~e ~n the grooves:? and cW=efuJ..ly push over the axle bc3' ??USlog en thIC bea i.r:g. i'1gb-ten th-e' front cover in 'poai ti.'t1. ;::.:le nuts of the &~lG box r:a;' be secured with the split ]C:..:.J5<

l~t~ ye~: and works~~'s Code illay~be stencilled on the . ~pn ~ co ~d and 2x16 OOX sealed. i:'i th rersard to the gri::2S",i~" ;he lnstructions under the headi.n;;; .'~:c,U'Jj;T(; ..LQ.li." CCTf.::ed

P~·_3--.9;-··--------,-- ---.-----. -, ;he~k tne axle -hox ..for free rnt~tion by hand

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straighten 3.5 PiB~~~~ of bearing and ~th€r compOn€nt5~

5.5.1 rox rollex beur'ing arrangement shown i1J Fig. 2, the ~ent edges of the fastening plate,unscrew the hexagonal headed bolts, remove fastE;ni.ng pie<::e ~; r::l "J..Oscr"w the annular nut with the help of ring "r o ,,;: (:Fig.3). For roller be&xing arrangement (Fig.2...b) ,str2.,~;~'l-:",' ~he bent tages of locki,ng plate, unscrew the hexagor.21' headed bolts and reDove the retaining r~.

~.5.2 For discounting the bearing using aE SRF hydrau1i0­nl~'; ~f (s€ries HI1"'l,hg.5), the following proc.ednre ,[12.Y be aao P1.18d:­

- (i, i Screw on the hydraulic mlt to the t!ll'eaded rart 0: ';Qe sleeve with a tom:.v bar until the p;lston, ,~s at its inner pos~ti~n ob~ts against inrJer race ;~e bearing. During tnis operat lon, tl1e return '1-2.1-,e ~f the pump should be kept open so that Ol~ ~s ....,Low fro;:n the hydraulic nut to the reservo ...r.

',.::i) Jlose the return ValVE; and pU£Jp oj). j.nto tbe :.ydraulic nut with a small pisto n pUlIlP. Displaceoent '<f tile pistontl:rti..B obtained effects ).oosening of 101:" tndrawaJ. sleeve. .

I,·:.ii) Jpen t he return valve; remove the s2eeve and uns,'rew ~he nydraulic nut.

. -, ." . ", . . , '';.Ltexnatively~;~· sCrew'a suita de hardened nut ~ the withdrawal sleeve and tigb,en it cgai~s" 1:h'4e of the bearing by hard bolws on the spenner :r, :""") until the sle0ve is loose.ned, -:;a:>:ing c,?r? f'l;i't to damage-rear cover or bolts.. ,.

:'.5...J, __~e- ~'ml~"arj ng~~~anj ';ea~ cO~'~r, ;,'emove'the ­tel t aaali.~ ring from ~:t atldf.l<ean rear, ;:o.e:::.

.. . . ?~ean and erlUlline the ~~_arin~ _seati.lJlon the journa ;­a::::J. remOve' anY-biars;-8ciatch-es-or~-brJ.iBes. The ta,-ped ntJ-:es in the axle end and tilreaded -ocn;'nl1 of 8.)iJ~ ~ stlould be c:'ea:wd and burrs re~vcd, if 8.n'.

,:~J) l:!!ape:-<;ion of ci.lsmcumed bear;.Dgs: i

ave been indiCated in para 3.4.4. , ··~;~~~t~~.,

",';fhe' bore of tne j~ner ring snould not have any r1Dg marks. hadial clearance of tne bearing may be

. easured as descr.i.bed earlier and tne recomoended lini. t s es- .

~ew bearing - 0.16 to C.2D mID"", . ~ ~~ MaximJun permj.ssible' cleerance for bearing in service. ~·O.33 = for S!I..F & F;.G makes and

0.25 = for KOYO make•

•6.2 Bearing may be subjected to dye-penetrant test checking of any Q~ute craeks.

".,~;,.6.3 Bec:.ril1€3 not oeloHcg with the standards laid . . , WJ:1·above and in para 3.4.4 should be rejected, defeacec

d retu.z:nod to stores. No attE.L1pt snouJd be made tu . la.i.rJ. ally P&rt of tt.e bearing. CaJuabaJ.ising of be2ri.ll,~

:1t.a parts should not be done. SerT :.,,;']able bearings :J eqll.1.l'ed to be stored, snould he pre.>. '.: y oileri, wrap;,ed , wax pa~ and stored in a dry anG. :-,-ean plac-€ frcG_

~'~i,J,:io.nm llust. Iurthe.r .in.s.tructions Oil storage a.r.e GCVeH"C )'~ pa;ra 3.10. .

ii:l' ~ ." .~\~ . .:JISpe~n of other cOillpOnents: ­

'".' ~ft!;:~p'')r w.i.Ehdraw~ sleeve :- The witndawal sleeve sncuL.: :~..,~)ho";'d he cJ..eaned thnoughly and cllecked for ,he follc·..ic&:­

'f':c) Registering faces should not be corroo.ed, :,i...~"ed, ',:. score.d or dE,maged. /

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"~i The widt:" of the split sh:mldbe unifoTm . - _. --- .

~ .1:b.r-eads of the sleeve should be free 0':::00 d2:::laIl:6.

~~ .+",::8 0n welicb. tb..a reta j oj ng. rin; Tegists::':J, ,. , o.lOLU.Q be free from dent ""arks a::d the f2.~'" snc)\.<_:

"..... 1. ·is e"{tn~ :~iD~ 80% area ~f thE s~eG~e sbo~l~ ~~ow c~~cact '''len tested on a dummy j)./. :'..n Ca3& ~f 0-'::' s,eeves.

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s!1.JUlcl bE: even. ?he w. _dtl1 :,f the b8X' sh8uld be 21£+0,1 = 'b0tW€E. Zl f.sec s as SLOi'll'1 L"1 lrig o 10c,

3.7.3 ••.xle j:mrn[cl:- :Ine j~1.lTnp,l s::Juld be c182ned \vith ker8sene 8~.L and ex[,o;'.f;f;cl i'~r c:,nicity. :vc.lity, dimcnsi:,ns, 8lrfa~e finish and cracks b~th superficial ~nd ~ntcI~2l in ,tbe B[cnner .indicetcd bGJow:-.

\A ij

( a) C'-'f!icj.ty:- :in;.s C2} be ~hE:r.kcd by'mcasuring diamc te:lj at tw~ ~12ncD &t 90% t8 e&~h other at a specified di~ 8r witb "onE: help of a sine b2I : r cny :ther s:olwE-niE:t, Qcthcd • =1':8 co.per ~:.b.Juld not cxcc8d tt,e :j.:'..c::.tj pXE.8cribc 0 on tl1t c.rbwing e ~ ,

':r(b) O-.ralHZ :_. Th", j:JUrnc.l Sl1_L:;~ :Li.rst ch8ckcd iJTi ---- I I',,;cvihes~ 1'::,r this, a st:-,_: .. c .Cc," 2r:lEC.Teod wit" Pru~1 blue maybe placGd In tl,'J j. ~:::"·l.. .<lnd L.Vcc1 beck\'!crd~, and fc:n;~rdsin a str3i6t:t lif!G l[cRc,i:on :;s sl10wn ill '~.' Fig.4 e • Tt,E;'crwck 'We] 08 osdG in tW8 plal1"8 ct right I

'J.ngle t:; ea~hother. If an unbrokc;n 11::18 is left, th j8urnal r..z.y b-6"' dcu:J"d t=; be not wavy. To d0.terminE 81 !,U.ovality, it is ·tl:,en sufficient ~_iuarure the ~'1i ·llaClGt",r at four lQ·:)8-::ions of tht jnuI:J21 2.,9 shown • 1<1g.4-..•• If a broken 1.'_ne is left on the jo:unal, th diel!lGter of thE jO':l.rns.l sllould be checked at the II unblued J?8,rt.s.al:so to_§n.su:t:e.tbat 1,116 S2.!:le is withiD 1

pre.s~d lioi t s. 11,

'.c) JimE:nsions:- Various dimensions of the jOL.Inal =y be \i c"le<.lkea w~th the help (j;f micromet6r, vernier calliptir i

(d) 0racks:- The axle should be subjected to:­

(~) Ultrasonic tGst for interior check,

l ii.) Visual exeW.ootion with a [Jagni1yi.ng gla ss for suri3CG cracks •

. ---. -liii)- L7e...penetrant mdhod ::,:~ '... :1,ne sur:;:8ce crocks.

3.7.4 f,xJ.e elld-fibles:- On sone 2xlES vil,,,r~ tt:r6.c lecking bolt '3.re EoPIoyed, the t&ppcd ~.oles Sil0dd bE cheched to ell ~rrc::ct sizQ and t hrs cd forlilation ~ The teppcd_hol-es- if -cund worn out IiJDY be enlLrg(;d to H20 size. "c- ternative ';rte eXistir~ -ghrGe t8.pped holes of the axle cey be bloc w:th tight fitting screw studs and mCde flush with th" ~r.l f8.~e of the journel end three new M1" holes o~y re dL.llE;d and tapped 60 awE.y fro[J thE; E;~rl:'er holes C)] th £larue ?itch. .ei rcle..Jl,j)m~tp: ._..... '

3.7.5 ~ear a~d front coyers:-Cov8rs which arE- die-cast from a:I:iii7J) ni'lll ;Juoula De cleaned first with.' kerose;:e follow with p8trol/whitc. spu·;.t and should-Jie i nspcetEd for an:' cracKS, tr~tn8S8 of diDension and copcentricity of bolt :tole8. The ieight of shoulders from the faLl€ should be ;1 +0.1 QO a~d [Jay beoJhecked with the help of SUitable gruges sllown :n Figs. T&71. '. mhe I:lethod of using the gaug nCe beGn indiga,ed in F:gs.8&8b. In case rear COV0r ~s·· :found worn on .tle bore, the same .abould be replace:!..

~...•.. _ .._------­

•9 .. . l,ocking fast~g 21ate-:-.. locking -fastening p~tc

shou.ld invariably be ·clanged whenever the folds of the plate on the end locking bolts have to be unfolded for the purpose of loosening the end locking bolts.

3.7.7 Loc~ing bolts:- The 8&terials for end locking bolts should

be of the specified quality and the threade should be in sound ~ondi.ticn~ Th" bolt, w;1..ile f5.tting, saould have no radial or axial pl2Y and the length of the bolt should be shorter than the ::'eng:¥h of tiH, tr~rliaded hole in the journal. The bold head should be free froQ da!J<ige and should have a I:roper spanner grip •.. 20lt s in ser;;i.ce should not be re~sed unless they [;lee"!; .,ith the above otandards.

:.7.8 het::-~'1ing rin!} and ri!)F,:" "T", ." ·T~r:d.r'.g r:i.ng and rin;; ~~uldDE:: 8.l8aneJ: and ~Ls;:((;t(;d' whf. ;.'C:,5,';.rd to fJatDCSG and :::LQens~ons. Tile mat.ing aurfc-ClOS should r"gjster w(.1.1,

-, ;,..}.~. Collar:_ ThG-{lollcr to reF's Drg. T--C2..{iN should no, ~e rlisDDuntealL~ess it is damaged or interference fit with .;hc axle broken, Gne -di"l:Jeunted, it sh01.l1s net be re-used • ,cU.ar to the older desigl1,.. if foun'a in 5Grvj.ce, shOUld be .:e:placed by a Collar to I(;:E&s Drg. T-Q-2-6N.

:.7.10. Fe'::'t ring:- loh.ene7er the reer co~er is disGlounteo. e~j :n a~w case on altcrnSotc. inspectlon c:nd a-:~ention ef rell,::: ­·(.a~ng axle box, the felt ring should bli (:h"r.gEd. Tbe fel, ;:lould be to the ·Schedule of Requirer.wnts as given in i.JJne:l:u.re1 • ...:J.E felt ring should. ue soaked in warm cyl.wdcr oil tc . ,C:l~O Type I G:r.3 D.G2.ted to 40 to 50 0 C fer 30 r.l--;s. a;Jd. .IL-eared wi~h tbe sace greasG as used i;1 the axle r"x 11;efo;"e .. ~?

-.8 ~tir.g the beering and other ccwponeE~1.";

.8.1 The seC[ucnce of disuounting~"' .' ,",'er"e ::cay be adopted.:Ji: DQunting the roller beari.ng G-;-:, .•• ' e.ssE;nb:,y. liipE tn.,) . .~€ journe.l clean w':'th e. cl&2.:-~ ~ot t(,D ~~loTl1 SC8.-2}:ca. i.a :;:'8-::.1:"01 ~~t~ spirit and measure thG ~ensions fo the o~e journal ~r,; ".~oulder to' '6nsure that SaDe are in accordac~e witt . .~~..: :f;J;Vant drawings. In cnse :hc old ccllB..l' .1a.G been t2ke!.l -U., ':'"::;.::.B; dis::'.O"'..J.nting cpoa-';io.1s, a new colle::- to reF's " -:"t:.go. :'Q. 'l."W~-<'"\"LG2'Y bE; EQr.c::k fitted on es~e jourr;",,:" 2~u8" ... t',-:-...::•....-::i:.. th€ ~.f..lo-<-~...8.r 1.;;1 e. neu..~~.2-l oil bE.th, w:::.;h the help OJ.,~;'

, ' •• L.

•••

•••

, .

~ 10:

counting tool shown in Fig.9. l'.i.t the coveT ..;ith bolts in position and "Jith 'V' gfooves filled wi.th gre~se C:.nd rubber '0' 1iog and felt se&.lilg ring in position. Fill 50~ of se8~ng collEX c~vity with grease. Fill the epGce Det~een the rec:.r cover ar.d the nec.": of the collar with grec:.se. Fit the ring and fill the cavity in ,the rear cover upto the faCE of the ring with grease.

5.8.2 ~eaxing should be taken out froD its packir.6 just before its fitwent. ChC0k the cor.dition of be2Ii.~ and De2~~r "he ::1e2xa.nce 2S deSGL'.bed inpc.ra 3.6.1. ; .8,,3 ioiipe the withdra.Jal sleevec'1ean a:;d ap;:.ly 2 thin coa7 of graphite lig~,tl"o :t'<::ok the becring witn groEse 2nd car",fu.:. w~pe the bore d:!:::.r.: Lift ehe Qe,xing ;lP on to toe axlE- journa::' :a1;h the stc!.ped face of the outer ring fr.cing outl'/ards EO. tJ :-" can be seen du:ring inEpection. Po si t5.cn the c02Ting on '];he _oeu'oal and ~tsh the withdrawal sleeve 0e~v€en the bE2ring a~ "; he jou.rnal.,

:-;.8.~ Press::.n the sleeve gradualJ:: . 1.') trs nel.p cf a press ~eep:.ng a check on the reduction in t~Je redial .;\learnace D:' ,h "8~riLg • Press the sleeve in until the fcllowitg r~duct~n "1 eare-nce 1s obtained: _ ~,.

iiU' and KDIQ .065 to O. C,?t.) = '~~ and.--W~E.l ,.060 to 0.070 or.

1.K.J.., 00 080 to .1.)0 0::\ •••

;tect t~at the ~ace of the sl~e~e at the sp~;: Gnd is ':,rr;:!, In case a new bearing has been used, ~:;ch the, iata 1!J;I,nt2 and year of installation and workshor's code on tae ~.t!d" C~ 't:J.e c.ut er ri..J:lg 0 f th c be Exing' .~ -'" .­

·\8.~ lor roller bei'aing urra'ngelJcnt shewn in 1'ig.2,'~e'" oth" en • e ahOUlar nut with the help of ring svannc~ :~O'fi~ in .?<g.3. 13efClre fitting the annul&r !T-.lt, ~hb:'; ',ue .fu:eads en the nut and tht: axle so tlJat the '(;hr""ds r':7e·,a.. ::.lange-"'..o--t:.lange contact • .hnsuX'oc -th2t ,;hE ::::'8

.J~ ""n' .__ ..... ~••.~ p.."t regis""c>'·s w'tb-. the ",'"-#_.........~cve c:..~t '. ,. ,"~ < ~O')~~es :';\t~,(lf -;;he th.ieads. Lo~d€ thG f'::"v,,,n.i,I]g p;.c+~.a~w :;:-;...~ .~~ bu.1.ts with :'2s'vE.'!1ing plRte in rcs','U-C~· .>e ta8~~ ~:ece should J<::ve a snug fit wit::! -::;;e

''t-';ts of 'the >~.ll]J.ar nut. !:r roller be c:ring a~anger::et:.... I . .

/ •.•.• 11 "

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~i~~.~(:i}s:~~,,;L:, iF,'!;J~/i;fi';.,~ ',~~~- ."'~':' .; ,~, ~';;' ~": "'3~'9;3The grease drums should be stored in vertical.'

. posit"j,0t; in;.covered S?9-ce.· Cncea dnUTI is o")e ne d •. special precautJ..Ons .. sho\l.ldbe_t(l.ken to avoid. possibilit\r ofconta;nina

.. ' ':ti~h .d grease by inoistu~~, dirt, foreign·particles, e . A gr~as e· drum ·that is opene d sho1tld.. be exhaus ted 15e·fo re () pen:' anoth,9, dr"J.ID·.,\Jery cld supplies of 'gre·ase should not .be used. uEles·s· che'::ked~-:ror consist.ency moisture'·cont,mt. percenbO;8 . af. oil S?P3.~~ti:6n·--a's'·~fl~~J:.elf'1;i.feof grease' is'limiter.,.,,·' . .' ~:- '.~ .. ' :.. '. . ... :.... .'. ''''.. . .~. ~.,. ' ~ ..•..-' .

::: .9.4. Roller' be"ring a.iie-box~s shr;",ildee fEleo 1,-iti:{ fres?:. grease at every POH:.or.· t-'!"o,ye'ir"'-~'",-at .aI;1a:x~u::::.1 ~f".2

.' f..IllS·, whichever... is the . 8iJ.rliest.

• '.

.' . . : ..,.' ... ,._

.1 • "_

. Storage of··b~.:ging and. sle8,;0: >

. ' ..~- - .. -- .. , -'

::;.1C;1 . New bearings'and old sGrv-1ce'ablete?crings -.0 be stored) and sleeves·should be stored in 3. dry .and c':"3an

. plac7· fr~e .:~r9;P~.9.~~t>t'~~r3:i.iNJJdity 0 f any lo~::ali·~y is J !1~€r;, '. ,s?ns:-,.~er,.~,t.~.OIj?fatt:~.~.iY:~fi;,.~p ,using a sUitaP..LI":d~:';hl:r:l..J..d]"::lGr .

• ' cr· h~at..:i.ng. the storag-a-:IlCfomi., Be::cr1ngs s.hould···n.:>"C be t.akcn 81.::; from their packings till just before 'using them. Bearings • in packed conditibn should be laid fl~t during storage anr tlw

. hew bearings must be used up on the first-in-i'irst-ot<t basis . ...~ ..",!" .... ~7' oft· ;" ..: J ::,.;. '.. '1".' '_ . • .• ~.:~ .' •

.. 3;10=2 B~,fore.sto:f'3.gCl.......slocvcs should 1:'0 sme~red with g80d /·.,::c;,u~~.~:tY CYll\ld~f,.oil "l11d t.ncrn-~"pped up in wax -IJi\PG!'.

:.-..•• : .. ' .~ .•. ' -:.'. .•... . ..... ~~ }..... , ,'I;?-_ ..

iO"'!: - ";",,, ' ::". l.t,,: '[yr'!!. turni.~:"'.. .. '. :.:' ' ",,:".-': • ... J< • ....... ,.' . .i- _. • ::}";,'.:..=

',,: ~.; 1,~1 "'her~y"6r'p()ssiblG, t~re t=ning should be ].QoG,;i th~ ~,4~.!'{)moving the we box-hou$ing~ . The axle .box should ce·,,,le3.ne.: . '.; . o;;rt;ern3.1J.r QSp0ciaJ,ly.thci, rfont~c.o!rer:~Tid: the furrr,u:;<''.i,,l}g refi~

! ; .....~ Tr.e.::.frbnt cover' should' be removed,· A 't,?lllUor'wy·wooa.c!"i,or so.a., ",' .... Sh2,]t' cover' h;i.ving a hole for engqg~:':;cr'c;jf fhe ,lathec'entr~ .' .. ' ''i th acloso running' cle'\rance shoulJ u:J f1 ~tcd. Lathec an:::1:0

. ;'. ·.should be in good·co.nd1:tion. While tyre tu:'ning, C,;-TG sh..J1Lca ,. .:. ~~;.>..~~.~.~; ./' De :'akcn t~13.t distance" ootiNeenjourn·aJ.. centr"s· and 0istan.::c.:.::, ·,,·~?tw3''::r. tr2J.d. centres arc CJC}Q:.lly dispoSJd !-roI:l the ::en:'r:.J 0'::

,;.' , . 8.x~o.. £ftor tyrc turning, reI:lOVU t hI} t0mrorar)~ cov.;r. anc.:,~!,>:~.,f~~:,\ t:arof'.lll.y-cl),l3cl~d:'h,'lt.:·n()cA"qr~i;gnnnttcr. ha.s· o::~0r0d thc:: .~L'X~ . . ''',.'.~, '. ·J..f-nacessllrY· ''too, front part· of the box SnOU.i.Cl be r8-fl_la.a. ,

P;~"f -:;?;' .. ,:;~~~::~.csr;:~~;::u~:::. :::s:::~t t::v::l:8:::b~::. t~ ~~. rcmS~::d i;~i~:-<.?:< .,~';P permit tyrCJ-,t~r.ing,.a steJl she::t 'cov:~ ;,houla be usee.., ~..".: l~ . . ,.. \o[rdch should flt mto thCl r"ar cover '3.nd kep_ in position' by' ;:~,,':J;{":~~,lilcarlsiQf ~ th.::· axle toX::-S.QJ:~_s •.· T~is ~re';:3.u:'ion is, ;10'c<=S S3.1T' to ": :·~!,'.·:,~~'p\k",,;-'P'rc-lent meta1.J..:lc parlicle~ g~ttmglJJW .tho DCJ'lrL'lg •

. '.~ . . ., ......

:..~:> ::.,-:- ~ .; >:.: .~:~ -.:: "'. .: ~-.

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1t." ...",..", ~~.J ¢~1."" . Z. ~,~~, 10/; ~ ~;~¥i"""'; . .: - _~. '. _ •

-~~~~:~~~ ~" . :.~~_ ':J~,.~~.:.~. ~'1.. --:-·rr-i:~~.:~.:.~ ..- /.- -'~ . :.~ -:"-,,; ;'"-' #.i--~;·.:_l':l:€:."':.~,j;;~~ ....;,,-,,-~ ''';.' .•.__~; ....< •.__ .!'"o. ~ ." .' .••. "'1::'lI,;7<'t~ ~ ~C-_~~P.:'\Q,o:~~""'~~:!'"•• t}.... ._~ •. ~ 1 ~._ ., ..... '"

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Dust >nid water may enter into the axle box.

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Dust and watc:r maY enter into the axle box.

".~ .Excos sivQ tC'TI p:J i' ... ~urci so i::;ing, ';0= etc: ;"::tilure ?f ~hc roll,~r te::tring~ '. .

_0' ~·.-~..;~f .

!':1:ccss1v,:; WG'lr of ~b llcr s :md r'lClo S ~ ;a~~ng to bC'lring ~~.;.i:L~~ ,

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DGscription Likely cffc;~t of de; fa ct::,.. on bl..;J.r"i.J1g.

, ' ''- .- - -'- ­., ',' ..:. "E' ~ .Fitmcnt 0 f T~p,)r slScve r:ny

su."us t"md"rd bCC0~O loose 10~d­end :-t"'Y2king ing to bccoring bolts.~· f'1ih;rc.

.....­ 'Imr-rDpcrlock­ T3.pcr slcc'l:."e L'1~Y ;Lng of end bocooc 10053 lc~d­

, , + b .: lC1cf-ing balts lng.;o c.:.rl.ng _ .... f'1ilur(i~' :

',' 8~:,:;E~* ,f:tp;:t"-''''h, •.,:-:.:.:Tapiir si" co VQ is '- , ' ,"nd <hnmotcr" .. ":-'likely to becon8 / ..: \tot.:'iS prcs- loose lC'l.ding to

':,;" 'Ai',}l"ib.o.don the bc"'.ring f'l.ilurc. " , ,,,-.. , *,:::I"2.>i ~~ •

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E:'lsures to b t::'LLn_

Ch:ck't'1c ,md lecking tDlts gi72:1 in,parrl '"' .'- r-! .)-,-/- ':1:'

~r. :"l0\\r inS tru~ c.: ~t"""J..;~c\j in "0-:

__ 3.':-.7 '1nd 3.8:6

i

;~*,~~.~"f;~:7'""~~:~::';C,iZ~~:,.. ~··<:;;~:~;·;.;f:~t;:,~;c :~57'>:: .cDcfiniticnor.: SOD~O.r.: th:e·ty"pic<tl.-.,bc<Lring~a.cf.;cts· :.,?--­~ .: .it-"'tclm:J;'cd to in the' .forcgourg .p~aphs ·and '·'That c-.tuses-theo..·:'-,: ~~~~r,e :br iefly.. descr ibQd be low: _ .'., ." .:._ .:.- ., ' ...::• ., ~.c

~~:.:~~ . ";:-:- '. ~ '. ",.. ....;:....~, '. ::;~~~~1' .. -N.0roal..rl~ing:-: Norm.3.l,f:J.aking is.defin.;d as flak:i,iis ~::dU:\Jj;c;U..QrmJi :fg,t'1guu. Flr.tkingbcg~ns at }l:'point .t:ndcr .thee "".'">

,','.~:i:rfi3-~'.of·:thc ,·trilck 01' '1. n;:.lling element.'c 'I-,'hcn a 00'U'111&' ..:.,,:; ~.·:~rq1.~h,;s,t~c,l~it p::t: i~s r:io.rDl.hUfu, ~:f<lt1g11~·crack,'!$,'$'(: {;.:.'.~ ~~:-:;:t'ot'rJCd. ~t .:·tb~s' po1.l:l,~ ..~l1q, gr."idU.il.J.J.Y· wo rk's..:-~~ptCi"W::; ~l?ur.t'~,ea.;' ~:, :,':

''1'::'' ~"ipg ,te,thBstres!l cy:clb~.Fl-.:sulting ,fioin the .. co nstttnt ' .. ' '.' .., : ':.: . , :" 'P'l8siD[ of the rol.lQ!'s 'ovJr this ,:Po.int, afragfJcnto1' s·t'Jel'· .

,~v-::r.,tu'l11y~ gets dGt."chcd. This constimtcs th~ pcg1:mL'1g' .' ~! .'rlo~'l1.fl;'!.;::ing~" Wh?n this hr.tppcns, a diffeteilcs 1~ ."~:u'~ng nolse ~.S 01 tan dlsc-:rn::tble '1l1d t.2mper:-<turc 01 trw :clXing during run incrc'J.ses. At this st'lge, the be'll'ing ..

·Sf.0Uld be r,,:cct;;d bcc-.tusc if it is ".11o\/ed to contin!.:G ,in '

'" scrvice, the: fb.king will snrc::td lending te '11 'c"ihplct~ f'nil-" 'fre 0:' the bor.ring. ..

: ~.' . '. . .; ~ ..'.., - . ,.;;2 . Pren'1turc n'lk1ng,- Difference betv;ccn pr"m-,t<1..-e

. n-v..ing 'Ina !1orm::;l tl::tking is th'1t pr~D".turc fli1k:'ns is,!lct ;.~: .~-'~S~.Ht'01,\C1 f'1fi-guabu.~...!or.:.c."t~~p~_Sl1<-"h q!J'l ­

:\f::,:" 'i .Le-: l' rTlcr\c-cding ~f tho bcnring due to cxp;n3 iO;l 2~' ..~.;.:··;1\':? ~G~7Jix~~.. '-', .:.~.'. :

,- "'.~':'JW.'E;~2~;~ .,'~,:~:t:t:~ sNling of 'lyle ~o.~,arr~ge~:c~t. .:,. r ....= .•.~:-;..;;'.( ;2.jlrn'woP8r~nst-t~hti9n "f bCJ.ring tind.cpC!"'mem:Si•.•••. :,. '~.' .._.::.).: ,..S ..<""':""; . '\ ;.> ;.... .. ~.' ," " ;.. _~ .. ";' .f~. . ~.. ~:.

i",':J .~,.i+.' ,Rx<:'::s~;'vc y:-,i~:r:.}~ion witqout rotat1on.;~:'··· .... ~ .

<:;>':~;i .... 'Se i~:iI'E(: .:' se' iz'i'n'~ tnk~s -~n.C~ ~w~~n' the: 're llin,j .c:l;:m";~t s ' ­,,·';';,",':2.Utc rOIl. '~he resulting friction gcner'ltcs 8XCCSSlVQ :1(;)" . "Lt·

'l''', . ~.nd -:hc l'lQi't re:'5,ucc:s the surfJ.cch,'l!'dn8ss of l'l!J.cc~, r,;:.lo:'s :;, ". L\3."r..iLg -:cu _bc':,j,"'~r-€ unsc:rvicc1.blo." ScPo of the C'l.U2 25 :~or ",," ~~ ..

.,1~uizir..s n' G~ - . ..'~.

" i ..'. CV8rlc;:1ciinE.

~L~rcp0r lubric~ticn.

~:D2r~cct soaline. '.\ ., .~;' ~

.. ,>: ~ '~~", ~r~c!:ir.g/ s'Oli tting: - If 'J.ny c,.:-n:)onc:lt 0;" ~. :.

':i.•.. ::'.;,.,:,~~~.; ..r.i!1: .:L:;vc.=-cps :l. -er1.ck, 7:.h~ b(;~ring is -:'c~ldcr,:;j • r-~~ S~28 0: the ClUSOS ~~c:-

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mndo from rure.white ShC0P

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The specific weight of the felt sh'1uld hJ ~"gm7cm3• "'~!~-' ~

,,:;;;"'Thc felt should be I'nd8 from pure yh1t:c sheep . " from all foreign l'I8.teri'l.1s except cott0n, whes8 ::u'di ­t,>uld be 11nitcc' t.,., n rnxIDum of 5"%,""... . '

'S'ffiENGT:H: T<)nsil<3 strength should be ~lini11l.T\ of Ct'I when oC'lsurod i,n the ['Iidclle r; f '1 length 0 f'

-',~ n strip 30 1'1J.'1 wide • ,

.~:<; .RES ISTANCE Le. TENSIIE ST:1EN':;7H ACROSS THE WIDTH

''!'be minimum at; e kg. on str'ips of th'c sizo ,o(:ntioncd above:, . . .': .. '~. . .: ., .

ON: Elong'lticn of th0 felt in tensile' test .should' itlUrl 6~%. , . , ' . . ''3;: . . .. '.. .: §~..",;"" ' , . . . . <I ;,,,:,, "

!STANCE: The ,felt in dry conditien woulQ~pa r~ise~

pora e of 1100 C wherein it will shoW-no' evidence 'ioration., ,',.' . ;.;. . " '. . i,: ~ .

. PTION: The oil absorption of the felt should be !':.. o •• weight nt 20°C., The oil :J.bsorpticn ,will be

nod ~crscak1ng for' 24 hours '1J1d dripping "for 24'\~... . " trips of fel t efthe !l izc 8x.:?O:x:1.:?0 no in warm ,,;:. "

.,.!i0rQil (40 to ~OoC) to 18:1589-1 0 60 Typo,)[ Gr.3' ._.... ,..'~ .:nng /l, Viscosity of 45 to 55 cs e..t qqOC or Red Wcod Nn.1' 18~sity in seconds 188 to 230 :1.t 99'JC.

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·It1;rJ:T.9. ~Th'-I§.r;~N_:.LLOAD: ,With 'J. pn,ssuro of 10 kg/co 2 , ~o tolt shr;ul:J- g0~ C9npressec1 'by 1. D':xioun of 15%. After_ :'lI' tl1nutcs of ...o~,dl.ng, the felt shnMla. restore tc its ,', ;olgin'11 thic::ncss ,,:1 role-esC r-f the lS3.d. Th9 :'clt (',n' -;~: >

C'trprossicn '1'; '1 prossurc of, 100 k['/clJ~ sh~ll not show any":~.,: ,1gn of destr;.<ction. -' , ,', -. " "',::'

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