mainframe multipurpose forecasting software: a survey
TRANSCRIPT
Journal of Forecasting, Val. 5 , 127-137 (1986)
Mainframe Multipurpose Forecasting Software: A Survey
ESSAM MAHMOUD' University of Michigan-Flint, U.S.A.
GlLLlAN RICE University of Michigan-Flint, U.S.A.
VICTOR E. McGEE Dartmouth College, U.S.A.
CHRIS BEAUMONT London Business School, U. K.
* Address for correspondence: Essam Mahmoud, School of Management, University of Michigan-Flint. Michigan 48508-2186, U.S.A. 0277- 6693/86/020127-11$05.50 Received December 1985 KJ 1986 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Incl
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Ecos
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686
02,
Indi
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, IN
462
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(317
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Min
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Proj
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Pond
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nive
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Par
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PA 1
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(814
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Am
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GA
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(404) 2
6143
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Inc.
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Gro
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L 6
0515
, U
.S.A
. (3
12) 9
71-2
337
US
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Com
mer
ce,
Nat
iona
l Tec
hnic
al
Info
rmat
ion
Serv
ice,
O
ffice
of
Dat
a B
ase
Serv
ices
, 52
85 P
ort
Roy
al R
oad,
Sp
ringf
ield
, VA
22 I
6 I,
U.S
.A.
(703
) 487
4807
Mic
ropr
oces
sor
stat
istic
al p
acka
ge i
nclu
des
desc
riptiv
e st
atis
tics,
fre
quen
cy
dist
ribut
ion.
ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e.
regr
essi
on, n
on-p
aram
etri
c st
atis
tics,
pr
obab
ility
dis
trib
utio
ns a
nd C
hi-s
quar
e te
sts.
syst
em o
rigin
ally
dev
elop
ed f
or u
se b
y st
uden
ts i
n in
trod
ucto
ry s
tatis
tics c
ours
es.
Feat
ures
incl
ude
plot
ting,
dat
a ed
iting
, ta
ble
mak
ing
incl
udin
g cr
oss-
tabu
latio
n,
regr
essi
on a
naly
sis,
ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e,
non-
para
met
ric
met
hods
, ex
plor
ator
y da
ta
anal
ysis
pro
cedu
res,
Box
-Jen
kins
tim
e se
ries,
mat
rix o
pera
tions
, mac
ro a
nd
loop
ing
capa
bilit
ies
and
on-l
ine
HE
LP
A g
ener
al p
urpo
se s
tatis
tical
com
putin
g
Man
ufac
turi
ng R
esou
rce
Plan
ning
has
the
capa
bilit
y to
con
vert
sal
es fo
reca
sts
and/
ot
actu
al c
usto
mer
ord
ers
into
a m
aste
r sc
hedu
le b
y co
mbi
ning
sta
tistic
al a
nd
expe
ditin
g m
etho
ds.
subr
outin
es,
desi
gned
to a
ssis
t in
sol
ving
a
wid
e ra
nge
of m
athe
mat
ical
and
sta
tistic
al
prob
lem
s. F
eatu
res
incl
ude
the
stat
istic
al
pack
ages
GL
IM, a
sys
tem
for
gene
raliz
ed
linea
r in
tera
ctiv
e m
odel
ling,
GE
NST
AT
, a
pow
erfu
l gen
eral
pur
pose
sta
tistic
al sy
stem
an
d T
SA, a
tim
e se
ries a
naly
sis
syst
em.
Incl
udes
tim
e se
ries d
ata
files
, mod
ellin
g an
d si
mul
atio
n pr
ogra
ms,
gra
phic
s.
A t
ailo
red
colle
ctio
n of
com
pute
r
Inte
ract
ive
BA
SIC
N
orth
Sta
r: a
ll 8K
mod
els
Inte
ract
ive
and
batc
h
Inte
ract
ive
or
batc
h
Inte
ract
ive
NIA
FOR
TR
AN
(I 5
0 co
mm
ands
)
FOR
TR
AN
, Alg
ol
60 a
nd A
lgol
68
N /A
Bur
roug
hs L
arge
50
0K-I
M (
can
Syst
ems,
Con
trol
be
ove
rlaye
d D
ata,
Dat
a in
to 6
4K)
Gen
eral
Ecl
ipse
, H
arri
s, H
P-30
00.
IBM
, IC
L 2
900,
LS
I- I I
, NO
RD
, PD
P-I I
, Pr
ime,
Sp
erry
Uni
vac
1100
, Ter
ak, V
AX
, D
EC
Sys
tem
10
and
20, H
oney
wel
l, Pe
rkin
-Elm
er,
Tan
dem
, Tex
as
Inst
rum
ents
, Wan
g an
d ot
hers
(c
onve
rsio
n w
ork
in p
rogr
ess)
Hew
lett-
Pack
ard,
H
oney
wel
l, U
niva
c.
Wan
g an
d ot
hers
IBM
, Bur
roug
hs,
N/A
All
the
maj
or la
rge
N/A
an
d m
ediu
m-s
ized
m
achi
nes
in
gene
ral u
se, a
nd
man
y of
the
fa
mili
es o
f m
ini-
com
pute
rs
N /A
N
IA
h 3 a
2
(con
tinue
d) - z
Pack
age
Feat
ures
Nam
e Su
pplie
r Fu
nctio
ns
OM
NIT
AB
80
Mrs
. Alic
e D
ugan
, N
atio
nal
Bur
eau
Of
Stan
dard
s,
A32
3. P
hysi
c B
uild
ing,
W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C 2
0234
, U
.S.A
.
OSl
RlS
I 11
/1 1
00
Chi
Com
pute
r Pro
duct
s,
I100
0 C
edar
Ave
nue,
C
leve
land
, OH
441
06,
U.S
.A.
(216
) 229
-640
0
OSI
RIS
IV
PAC
KA
GE
X
PMM
The
Ins
titut
e fo
r So
cial
Surv
ey R
esea
rch
Cen
tre,
C
ompu
ter
Supp
ort G
roup
, U
nive
rsity
of
Mic
higa
n,
P.O
. Box
124
8,
Ann
Arb
or,
MI
4810
6,
U.S
.A.
Dat
aski
l L
td.,
12-1
8 C
row
n St
reet
, R
eadi
ng,
Ber
kshi
re,
RG
I 2H
P, U
.K.
Am
eric
an S
oftw
are,
44
3 E
. Pac
es F
erry
Roa
d,
Atla
nta,
GA
303
05,
U.S
.A.
(404
) 261
4381
Res
earc
h,
P-ST
AT
/P-S
TA
T 8
P-
STA
T,
Inc.
, P.
O.
Box
285,
Pr
ince
ton,
NJ
0854
0,
UX
A
(609
) 92
49
100
Acc
epts
inst
ruct
ions
in
the
user
's ow
n na
tive
lang
uage
. St
atis
tical
ana
lysi
s in
clud
es
prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ties,
ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e,
corr
elat
ion
anal
ysis
, cro
ss t
abul
atio
n,
cont
inge
ncy
tabl
e an
alys
is a
nd r
egre
ssio
n.
Ext
ensi
ve p
lotti
ng.
Stat
istic
al a
naly
sis
orig
inal
ly d
evel
oped
as
a to
ol f
or t
he s
ocia
l sci
ence
s. In
clud
es a
se
arch
str
ateg
y fo
r mod
el f
ittin
g, f
acto
r an
alys
is, s
tepw
ise
regr
essi
on a
nd a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce.
Dat
a m
anag
emen
t, re
port
ing.
asso
ciat
ed s
tatis
tics,
mul
tiple
and
di
chot
omou
s re
gres
sion
, fac
tor
anal
ysis
, cl
uste
r an
alys
is, a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce,
m
ultiv
aria
te a
naly
sis
of n
omin
al a
nd
ordi
nal d
ata,
rep
licat
ed r
egre
ssio
ns.
Uni
vari
ate
and
biva
riat
e fr
eque
ncie
s an
d
Incl
udes
sum
mar
y st
atis
tics,
sig
nifi
canc
e te
sts,
ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e, m
ultip
le,
poly
nom
ial
and
step
wis
e re
gres
sion
, hi
stog
ram
dis
play
and
plo
tting
fac
ilitie
s
Purc
hasi
ng a
nd M
ater
ials
Man
agem
ent
cons
ists
of
five
func
tiona
l, st
and-
alon
e sy
stem
s de
sign
ed to
ope
rate
in a
sin
gle
or
mul
ti-co
mpa
ny,
mul
ti-lo
catio
n en
viro
nmen
t, in
rea
l-tim
e. T
he s
yste
ms
are
Mat
eria
l R
eque
st, P
urch
asin
g, I
nven
tory
C
ontr
ol &
Acc
ount
ing,
Pro
cure
men
t M
atch
ing,
and
Acc
ount
s Pa
yabl
e
man
agem
ent.
cros
s-ta
bula
tion
and
stat
istic
al a
naly
sis.
Fea
ture
s in
clud
e re
gres
sion
, cor
rela
tion,
inte
ract
ive
mul
tivar
iate
AN
OV
A,
expl
orat
ory
data
an
alys
is, r
-test
and
,f-t
est,
fact
or a
naly
sis.
di
scri
min
ant
anal
ysis
and
mat
rix
oper
atio
ns. T
abul
atio
ns, h
isto
gram
s,
freq
uenc
y di
stri
butio
ns.
A c
onve
rsat
iona
l co
mpu
ting
syst
em f
or d
ata
Mod
e
Inte
ract
ive
or
batc
h
Bat
ch
N1A
Inte
ract
ive
or
batc
h
Inte
ract
ive
Inte
ract
ive
or
batc
h
w
N
__.
Lan
guag
e H
ardw
are
Mem
ory
requ
ired
FOR
TR
AN
U
niva
c-11
08-1
110;
N
/A
3 T (P
FOR
T)
IBM
-433
1; C
DC
3:
Cyb
er 1
73; H
ewle
tt %
PDP
10; C
DC
- *rl
s Pa
ckar
d-H
P 30
00;
IBM
-158
; DE
C-
6600
m
FOR
TR
AN
, A
ssem
bler
6
Uni
vac:
110
0 se
ries
45
K
a
IBM
360
/370
; N
/A
FOR
TR
AN
IV
IB
M a
ssem
bler
A
MD
AH
L 4
70
Prim
arily
FO
RT
RA
N
ICL
290
0 se
ries
, 190
0 N
/A
with
min
imal
se
ries
, 290
3129
04.
asse
mbl
er
ME
29
N/A
IB
M, B
urro
ughs
, N
/A
Hew
lett-
Pack
ard,
H
oney
wel
l, U
niva
c,
Wan
g an
d ot
hers
FOR
TR
AN
D
ata
Gen
eral
N
/A
Eclip
se,
Bur
roug
hs
6700
i770
0, C
DC
C
yber
, DE
C 1
0,
20, H
arri
s,
Hon
eyw
ell,
IBM
, IC
L, N
CR
, N
OR
D,
Perk
in-
Elm
er 3
200,
Pri
me,
SE
L C
once
pti3
2,
Uni
vac
1 I00
and
90
180,
Wic
at 1
50
bl
h,
SAG
E
SAS
SCA
ST
AT
IST
ICA
L
SYST
EM
scss
C
ON
VE
RSA
- T
ION
AL
SY
STEM
SOU
PAC
SPIR
E
SAG
E D
AT
A, I
nc.,
104
Car
negi
e C
ente
r, Pr
ince
ton,
NJ
0854
0.
U.S
.A.
(609
) 924
- 300
0
SAS
Inst
itute
Inc
., Bo
x 80
00,
Car
y, N
C 2
751
I,
U.S
.A.
(919
) 467
-800
0
Scie
ntifi
c Com
putin
g A
ssoc
iate
s,
P.O
. B
ox 6
25,
Dek
alb,
IL
601
15,
U.S
.A.
SPSS
, Inc
., 444
N.
Mic
higa
n A
venu
e,
Suite
330
0,
Chi
cago
, IL
606
1 I,
U.S
.A.
(312
) 329
-240
0
Stat
istic
al
Serv
ices
/Com
putin
g Se
rvic
es O
ffic
e,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Ill
inoi
s,
Urh
ana,
IL
618
01,
U.S
.A.
NIA
Dat
abas
es (e
cono
mlc
act
ivity
, com
mod
ity
Inte
ract
ive
pric
es, i
ndus
try i
ndic
ator
s, e
tc.)
and
an
econ
omet
ric p
acka
ge. I
nclu
des
stat
istic
al
anal
ysis
and
mod
ellin
g (f
orec
astin
g,
regr
essi
on, d
iagn
ostic
s).
man
agem
ent,
stat
istic
al a
naly
sis,
rep
ort
batc
h w
ritin
g, c
olou
r gr
aphi
cs, e
cono
met
ric
fore
cast
ing
and
mod
ellin
g. A
dditi
onal
fe
atur
es w
ith S
ASi
FSP
incl
ude
full
scre
en
entr
y, e
ditin
g, a
nd s
prea
dshe
et fi
nanc
ial
repo
rting
. Ove
r 60
pro
cedu
res,
e.g
. re
gres
sion
, ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e, f
acto
r an
alys
is.
Inte
grat
ed s
oftw
are
for
a w
ide
varie
ty o
f st
atis
tical
ana
lyse
s, i
nclu
ding
des
crip
tive
stat
istic
s, d
ata
plot
ting,
dat
a m
anip
ulat
ion
and
editi
ng, m
atrix
alg
ebra
, lin
ear
and
non-
linea
r re
gres
sion
, and
tim
e se
ries
anal
yses
(tim
e do
mai
n an
d fr
eque
ncy,
A
RIM
A, m
ultiv
aria
te, B
ox-J
enki
ns).
freq
uenc
y ta
bles
, cro
ss-t
abul
atio
n, 1
-test
s, Pe
arso
n pr
oduc
t-m
omen
t cor
rela
tion,
sc
atte
rgra
ms,
par
tial c
orre
latio
n, m
ultip
le
regr
essi
on a
nd f
acto
r an
alys
is.
An
inte
grat
ed s
yste
m in
clud
ing
data
In
tera
ctiv
e or
Inte
ract
ive
Con
vers
atio
nal s
tatis
tical
sys
tem
incl
udin
g In
tera
ctiv
e
Bas
ic s
tatis
tics.
Cor
rela
tion
anal
ysis
, mul
tiple
Pr
imar
ily b
atch
bu
t m
ay b
e ru
n in
an
inte
ract
ive
envi
ronm
ent
regr
essi
on, a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce,
di
scrim
inan
t an
alys
is.
Eco
nom
etri
c an
alys
is in
clud
ing
redu
ced
form
and
re
sidu
al a
naly
sis,
res
trict
ed a
nd s
toch
astic
re
stric
ted
leas
t sq
uare
s. S
pect
ral a
naly
sis
incl
udin
g sa
mpl
e au
toco
vari
ance
and
au
toco
rrel
atio
ns, f
ast F
ouri
er t
rans
form
. Pl
ottin
g. M
atrix
alg
ebra
.
A s
vste
mat
ic u
roce
dure
for
ide
ntify
ing
NIA
.
-
Con
tact
Dr.
Har
old
E. K
lein
, rd
leva
nt e
n;iro
nmen
ts
for
stra
tegi
c D
ept.
of M
gmt.,
pl
anni
ng,
befo
re f
orec
astin
g.
Spea
kman
Hal
l, En
viro
nmen
tal
fact
or li
st g
ener
ates
R
oom
380
, en
viro
nmen
tal/s
trat
egic
plan
ning
link
age
Tem
ple
Uni
vers
ity,
stat
emen
ts f
or c
ompu
ter
anal
ysis
. M
atrix
Ph
ilade
lphi
a,
man
ipul
atio
n le
ads
to c
onst
ruct
ion
of f
low
PA
191
22, U
.S.A
. ch
art
diag
ram
s.
Men
u dr
iven
IB
M m
ainf
ram
e N!
A
PLII
. as
sem
bler
(no
D
ata
Gen
eral
I5
DK
co
mpi
lers
nee
ded)
Ec
lipse
, DE
C
VA
X; I
BM
: 36
0137
0, 3
03X
, 4
3x
x
FOR
TR
AN
, as
sem
bler
IBM
434
1
IBM
: 360
1370
; DE
C:
170
byte
s D
EC
- D
EC
sys
tem
10,
20
FAX
; U
niva
c:
70/8
0/90
ser
ies;
B
urro
ughs
larg
e sv
stem
s:
70 p
ages
Hon
eyw
ell:
6000
, IC
L: 2
900
Prim
arily
IB
M 3
60/4
0+,
NiA
FO
RT
RA
N,
370/
145+
, 30
30
asse
mbl
er f
or in
put
and
outp
ut
serie
s, 4
300
serie
s
NIA
N
IA
NIA
Pack
age
Feat
ures
Nam
e Su
pplie
r Fu
nctio
ns
Mod
e L
angu
age
SPSS
- I 1
SPSS
BA
TC
H
SYST
EM
STA
R/3
000
STA
TIB
ASI
C
SPSS
Inc.
, 444
N. M
ichi
gan
Ave
nue.
Su
ite 3
300,
C
hica
go, I
L 6
0611
, U
.S.A
. (3
12) 3
29-2
400
SPSS
. Inc
., 44
4 M
ichi
gan
Ave
nue,
Su
ite 3
300,
C
hica
go, I
L 6
061 I
, U
.S.A
. (3
12) 3
29-2
400
Hew
lett-
Pack
ard,
15
01 P
age
Mill
Roa
d,
Palo
Alt
o, C
A 9
4304
. U
.S.A
. (4
15) 8
5615
01
IBM
Cor
pora
tion
, I 1
33 W
estc
hest
er A
venu
e,
Whi
te P
lain
s, N
Y 1
0604
, U
SA
. (9
14) 6
9619
00
STA
TG
RA
PHIC
S N
eil W
. Pol
hem
us,
Stat
istic
al G
raph
ics,
P.
O.
Box
1558
, Pr
ince
ton,
NJ
0854
0,
U.S
.A.
STA
TIS
TIC
AL
O
livet
ti C
orpo
rati
on,
AN
AL
YSI
S SE
RIE
S 21
9 E.
42n
d St
reet
, N
ew Y
ork,
NY
100
17,
U.S
.A.
(212
) 59
9-78
71
Tab
ulat
ion,
sta
tistic
al a
naly
sis,
dat
a B
atch
FO
RT
RA
N.
man
agem
ent.
E.g.
fre
quen
cy d
istr
ibut
ion,
M
CA
RO
cr
oss-
tabu
latio
n, co
rrel
atio
n, s
catte
rgra
m,
regr
essi
on, d
iscr
imin
ant
anal
ysis
.
Gen
eral
-pur
pose
stat
istic
al a
nd t
abul
atin
g B
atch
sy
stem
. Inc
lude
s fr
eque
ncy
dist
ribu
tion,
C
rOSS
-tdhU
htiO
n, c
orre
latio
n, a
naly
sis
of
vari
ance
, reg
ress
ion,
dis
crim
inan
t ana
lysi
s,
Box
-Jen
kins
tim
e-se
ries
and
non
- pa
ram
etri
c te
sts.
FOR
TR
AN
, as
sem
bler
Var
ious
sta
tistic
al a
naly
ses,
sca
tter
diag
ram
s In
tera
ctiv
e or
N
/A
and
hist
ogra
ms.
ba
tch
Ana
lysi
s of
num
eric
al d
ata.
Cap
abili
ties
incl
ude
data
gen
erat
ion.
ele
men
tary
st
atis
tics,
reg
ress
ion,
cor
rela
tion,
m
ultiv
aria
te a
naly
sis,
ana
lysi
s of
var
ianc
e.
non-
para
met
ric
stat
istic
s, t
ime
seri
es
anal
ysis
and
bio
stat
istic
s. E
rror
che
ckin
g w
ith c
orre
latio
n fa
cilit
ies;
inst
ruct
iona
l m
essa
ges.
Gra
phic
s sy
stem
inte
grat
ed w
ith f
unct
ions
fo
r st
atis
tical
ana
lysi
s an
d fo
reca
stin
g.
Incl
udes
tim
e se
ries
plo
t. lo
cate
fun
ctio
n,
cont
our
func
tion,
cro
ss-c
orre
latio
n m
atri
ces,
box
and
whi
sker
plo
t, th
ree-
di
men
sion
al r
epre
sent
atio
n of
the
for
ecas
t er
ror
dist
ribu
tions
.
Inte
ract
ive
Inte
ract
ive
Stat
istic
al a
naly
sis
for
the
life
and
Inte
ract
ive
heha
viou
ral
scie
nces
, qua
lity
assu
ranc
e ap
plic
atio
ns o
r ad
vanc
ed t
heor
etic
al
mod
ellin
g ap
plic
atio
ns. I
nclu
des
pair
ed
data
ana
lysi
s, a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce,
pr
obab
ility
and
sam
plin
g di
stri
butio
ns,
fore
cast
ing.
BA
SJC
APL
3 E
%
%
E s
Har
dwar
e M
emor
y re
quir
ed
5 D
EC
PD
P-I 1
/03.
04.
N
IA
34, 4
4. 6
0, 7
0
: h =.
Ove
r 30
sys
tem
s e.
g.
IBM
360
1370
, 43
00; C
DC
: Cyb
er
Seri
es, 6
000
DE
C:
Vax
-l I,
H
oney
wel
l, 60
00;
Serie
s 60
leve
l 66;
IC
L,
1900
, 290
0
HP:
300
0 C
X s
erie
s 9K
IBM
: Sys
tem
/3.
NIA
Sy
stem
360
/370
IBM
370
, 303
X, 3
0x1
N/A
an
d 43
00 s
erie
s m
achi
nes
and
othe
r co
mpa
ti hl
e co
nfig
urat
ions
(al
so
on m
icro
s)
Ext
ende
d B
ASI
C
Oliv
etti
P606
0 16
K
STA
TIS
TIC
AL
SY
STEM
IB
M C
orpo
ratio
n,
Gen
eral
Sys
tem
s D
iv..
5775
Gle
nrid
ge D
rive.
N. E
., A
tlant
a, G
A 3
030 I
, U
.S.A
. (4
04) 2
56-7
000
STA
TIS
TIC
S PA
C
Cre
ativ
e D
isco
unt S
oftw
are,
25
65 R
ober
tson
, Su
ite 2
156,
B
ever
ly H
ills,
CA
902
1 I,
US
A.
Bus
ines
s R
esea
rch
and
Cor
p.
Mea
sure
men
ts,
295
Nor
th M
aple
Ave
nue,
R
m.:
17-7
14O
L2,
Bas
king
Rid
ge,
NJ
0792
0, U
SA
. (2
01) 2
21-7
730
Nor
thw
est A
naly
tical
Inc
., P.
O.
Box
144
30,
Port
land
, O
rego
n 97
214,
U.S
.A.
STA
TL
IB
AT
& T
,
STA
TPA
K
STA
TPA
K (U
.S.
F. A
. Sor
ense
n,
STE
EL
U
.S.
Stee
l Res
earc
h La
b.,
STA
TIS
TIC
S M
S 44,
PAC
KA
GE
) M
onro
evill
e,
PA 1
5146
, U.S
.A.
STA
TPA
TH
D
r. K
enne
th M
. Po
rtier
and
M
r. P
an-Y
u La
i (9
04) 3
92-1
946
or
SUM
CO
M 6
62-1
946
STA
TIP
RO
BL
EM
IB
M C
orpo
ratio
n,
SOLV
ER L
IBR
AR
Y
Gen
eral
Sys
tem
s D
iv.,
5775
Gle
nrid
ge D
rive,
N. E
., A
tlant
a, G
A 3
0301
, U
.S.A
. (4
04) 2
56-7
000
Stat
istic
al a
naly
sis i
nclu
des
step
wis
e B
atch
re
gres
sion
. fac
tor
anal
ysis
. ana
lysi
s of
va
rianc
e, a
nd o
rtho
gona
l po
lyno
mia
l cur
ve
fittin
g. F
or s
tepw
ise
regr
essi
on a
naly
sis,
m
atrix
out
put
can
be u
sed
and
pool
ed
with
oth
er m
atric
es f
or u
se a
s in
put i
n la
ter
anal
yses
.
anal
ysis
, cur
ve fi
tting
, pro
babi
lity.
D
ata
man
agem
ent,
gene
ral
stat
istic
al
NIA
Fore
cast
ing
and
econ
omet
rics
(AR
IMA
In
tera
ctiv
e m
odel
ling,
poo
led
time-
serie
s cro
ss-
sect
iona
l ana
lysi
s, e
tc.),
reg
ress
ion
tech
niqu
es (
ordi
nary
leas
t squ
ares
, etc
.),
data
man
agem
ent,
grap
hics
and
sta
tistic
s (d
escr
iptiv
e st
atis
tics,
clu
ster
ana
lysi
s, e
tc.).
FOR
TR
AN
and
IB
M:
1130
as
sem
bler
BA
SIC
N/A
NIA
Rad
io S
hack
: TR
S-
N/A
B
O, A
pple
m
icro
com
pute
rs
VM
!CM
S,
N/A
M
USI
TSO
File
man
agem
ent;
stat
istic
al a
naly
sis
incl
udin
g pr
obab
ility
, des
crip
tive
and
non-
pa
ram
etri
c st
atis
tics.
dis
trib
utio
ns,
regr
essi
on, c
hi-s
quar
e, a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce;
pl
ots,
ran
dom
num
bers
.
sign
ifica
nce
test
s; a
naly
sis
of v
aria
nce;
m
ultiv
aria
te a
naly
sis i
nclu
ding
can
onic
al
corr
elat
ion,
dis
crim
inan
t ana
lysi
s, f
acto
r an
alys
is; t
ime
serie
s, e
.g. a
uto
and
cros
s-
corr
elat
ion,
wei
ghte
d m
ovin
g av
erag
e,
tripl
e ex
pone
ntia
l sm
ooth
ing;
scat
terp
lots
.
A s
tatis
tical
exp
ert
syst
em d
esig
ned
to a
id
the
user
in d
eter
min
ing
the
appr
opri
ate
stat
istic
al a
naly
sis f
or th
eir
data
. Doe
s no
t ha
ve th
e ca
paci
ty to
per
form
the
ana
lysi
s.
Stat
istic
al a
naly
sis
incl
udes
his
togr
am,
cros
s ta
bula
tion,
t-te
st, r
egre
ssio
n, d
iscr
imin
ant
anal
ysis
, can
onic
al c
orre
latio
n, ti
me
serie
s an
alys
is, n
on-p
aram
etri
c st
atis
tics
and
bios
tatis
tics.
Dat
a m
anag
emen
t.
Bas
ic s
tatis
tics;
reg
ress
ion
anal
ysis
;
BA
SIC
N
/A
Dig
ital
Res
earc
h:
CP/
M (
Con
trol
Pr
ogra
m f
or
Mic
ropr
oces
sors
)
Inte
ract
ive
and
FOR
TR
AN
C
DC
Cyb
er S
erie
s;
batc
h Ex
tend
ed V
ersi
on
Hon
eyw
ell 6
000
4 (C
yber
), FO
RT
RA
N I
V
(Hon
eyw
ell)
Inte
ract
ive
FOR
TR
AN
77
DE
C P
DP
11 1
23
(men
u dr
iven
)
Bat
ch
APL
OR
BA
SIC
IB
M:
5100
NIA
NIA
TlM
M
AN
SI,
FOR
TR
AN
D
EC
VA
X, P
rim
e N
/A
400,
IB
M
TR
OL
L
AE
D.
FOR
TR
AN
, IB
M 3
70
IBM
370
ass
embl
er
NA
%
Pack
age
Feat
ures
31
-
2 0 SY
STEM
1 32
IBM
Cor
pora
tion
, St
atis
tical
ana
lysi
s fo
r in
dust
rial
, sci
entif
ic
Inte
ract
ive
FO
RT
RA
N IV
IB
M: S
yste
m/3
2 16
K b
ytes
2.
.- M
ode
Lan
guag
e H
ardw
are
Mem
ory
requ
ired
2
Nam
e Su
pplie
r Fu
nctio
ns
STA
TIS
TIC
AL
G
ener
al S
yste
ms
Div
., an
d en
gine
erin
g en
viro
nmen
ts. I
nclu
des
09
SYST
EM
57
75 G
lenr
idge
Dri
ve, N
. E.,
Atla
nta.
GA
303
01.
U.S
.A.
vari
ance
. (4
04) 2
5670
00
Gen
eral
Res
earc
h C
orpo
rati
on,
7655
Old
Spr
ingh
ouse
Roa
d,
Flow
-Cal
c.
Wes
tgat
e R
esea
rch
Park
, M
cLea
n, V
irgi
nia
2210
2,
U.S
.A.
(703
) 89
3-59
00
Cen
ter
for
Com
puta
tion
al
An
inte
ract
ive
syst
em w
ith e
xten
sive
In
tera
ctiv
e
Econ
omic
s an
d M
anag
emen
t In
tera
ctiv
e da
ta a
naly
ses
can
be c
arri
ed
out
with
gre
at f
lexi
bilit
y. E
stim
atio
n M
.I.T.
, m
etho
ds in
clud
e re
gres
sion
ana
lyse
s (l
inea
r 29
2 M
ain
Stre
et,
and
non-
linea
r lea
st s
quar
es, r
idge
R
oom
E38
-200
. re
gres
sion
, var
ianc
e, e
tc.)
. Sim
ulat
ion
Cam
brid
ge, M
A 0
2139
, m
etho
ds in
clud
e fu
ll-sy
stem
dyn
amic
U
.S.A
. si
mul
atio
n, s
impl
e-eq
uatio
n fo
reca
stin
g,
sens
itivi
ty a
naly
sis.
Tim
e se
ries
ana
lysi
s in
clud
es A
RIM
A-B
ox-J
enki
ns
met
hods
. B
ox-C
ox
tran
sfor
mat
ions
. St
ate-
spac
e ei
gena
naly
sis.
Gra
phic
s.
poly
nom
ial
curv
e fi
tting
. ste
pwis
e lin
ear
regr
essi
on, f
acto
r an
alys
is a
nd a
naly
sis
of
A s
et o
f to
ols
for
the
build
ing
of a
n ex
pert
In
tera
ctiv
e sy
stem
for a
ny a
pplic
atio
n. I
nclu
des
Res
earc
h,
econ
omet
ric
rese
arch
cap
abili
ties.
Scie
nce.
Software Reviews 137
Authors’ biographies: Essam Mahmoud is currently Associate Professor of Quantitative Analysis and Systems at the School of Management, University of Michigan-Flint. His interests are in the areas of forecasting applications, the accuracy of forecasting methods, forecasting and decision support systems and the evaluation and selection of software in general and in particular for forecasting applications and databases for businesses. He has published several articles in the Journal of Forecasting, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, The American Statistician, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis and Management International Review.
Gillian Rice is Associate Professor of Marketing at the University of Michigan-Flint. She has research interests in computer software marketing, the availability and accuracy of databases, and the marketing of computer technology in developing countries. She has published in Journal of Forecasting, the Journal of Business Forecasting Methods and Systems, Management international Review and Management Decision.
Victor E. McGee is currently a professor of applied statistics at the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration at Dartmouth College. His current teaching assignments in both the M.B.A. and executive programmes are in the areas of information systems, forecasting and statistical analysis management problems. His research interests include the application of statistical techniques to a variety of organization problems and the application of computers in information system management. His articles have appeared in such publications as the Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of the American Statistical Association and Journal of Accounting and Public Policy.
Chris Beaumont lectures on statistics, decision-modelling and forecasting at the London Business School. He has acted as consultant to a number of organizations on forecasting and computerization and is currently interested in the effects of software on the decision-making process.
Authors’ addresses: Essam Mahmoud, School of Management, University of Michigan, Flint, Michigan 48502-21 86, U.S.A. G i a n Rice, School of Management, University of Michigan, Flint, Michigan 48502-2 186, U.S.A. Victor E. McCee, Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, U.S.A. Chris Beaumont, London Business School, Sussex Place, Regent’s Park, London NWl 4SA, U.K.