ORIGINS OF WWII

Main Causes of World War Two

YOUR UNIT REVIEW #1 League of Nations (weaknesses) #6 Reparations #7 Ruhr Valley #8 Dawes Plan #11 Treaty of Locarno

A WEAK LEAGUE OF NATIONS Definition of League of Nations:

An international organization set up in 191 to help keep world peace. It was intended that all countries would be members of the League of Nations and that if there were disputes between countries they could b e settled by negotiation rather than force (War).

WEAKNESSES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

1. Not all countries joined the League

2. The League had no power

3. The League had no army

4. Unable to act quickly

NOT ALL COUNTRIES JOINED THE LEAGUE

Even though Woodrow Wilson (U.S. president) came up with the idea of League of Nations, the United States never joined.

As punishment for starting WWI, Germany wasn’t allowed to join.

Russia was excluded from joining due to fear of communism.

Other countries decided not to join and some joined but later left.

THE LEAGUE HAD NO POWER

The main weapon of the League was to ask member countries to stop trading with an aggressive country.

This didn’t work, countries could still trade with non-member countries.

Great Depression hit in the late 1920’s, countries needed to trade to avoid losing $$$, so they traded with whoever they could.

THE LEAGUE HAD NO ARMY Soldiers were supplied by member

countries Countries were scared to provide

soldiers and get involve because they feared being taken over by aggressive countries.UNABLE TO ACT QUICKLY

o The council of Leagues only met 4 times a year and decisions had to be agreed by all nations.

o If countries called for help from the League of Nations, they would have to first set-up an emergency meeting and gain the agreement of all members.

o This meant the league could not act quickly.

FRENCH DEMANDS & INFLATION IN GERMANY

French demanded their reparations from the Germany in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles.

By 1921, the German Republic made their first payment of 2.5 billion marks.

By the following year, the German government faced a financial crisis and announced that it could not pay any more reparations.

France sent soldiers to the Ruhr Valley (Germany’s chief industrial mining center) and planned to collect reparations by using the mines and factories.

German workers at the Ruhr Valley went on strike.

The German government paid their salaries by printing more money. This added to the inflation (rise in prices)

The German mark (money) lost its value greatly.

Dawes Plan: An American banker who created a new system for German’s reparations. The system also gave Germany a $200 million loan for German recovery.

TREATY OF LOCARNO In 1925, foreign ministers of Germany &

France got together and signed the Treaty of Locarno. This guaranteed Germany’s new borders with France & Belgium.

The treaty hoped to bring peace to Europe, specifically with Germany.

This also led to Germany joining the League of Nations in 1926

Ruhr Valley, Germany

Ruhr Valley German

Workers on strike

THE GREAT DEPRESSION An economic collapse in both the United

States and Europe. Depression: a period of low economic

activity and rising unemployment. From 2001-to present the U.S. struggled

with an economic crisis.

THE GREAT DEPRESSION Causes:1. Economies began

to drop in different nations. (prices for farm products dropped due to over production)

2. International financial crisis involving the United States. The American stock market dropped triggering the Great Depression.

Effects:1. Governments didn’t know

what to do or how to deal with the crisis, so they lowered wages and raised tariffs (taxes) on foreign goods.

2. Increased government activity in the economy.

3. Renewed interest in the Marxist idea’s.

4. Communism became more popular, especially among workers and intellectuals.

5. Led people to follow political leaders who offered simple solutions in return for dictatorial power.

1 in 4 British workers was

unemployed in 1932.

DEMOCRATIC STATES:GERMANY & FRANCE

German Republic known as “Weimer Republic” had a lot of economic problems.

Inflation and the Great Depression had the people of Germany looking for a change in the government.

This paved the way for the rise of extremist political parties. (Nazi Regime)

France had the same economic problems as Germany.

In 19 months, the French changed its cabinets 6 times.

By 1936, a combination of extreme political groups: Communists, Socialists, and Radicals formed the Popular Front government.

Popular Front started a “New Deal” which focused on workers rights to collective bargaining. (the right of unions), a 40-hour work week, a two-week vacation and minimum wage.

DEMOCRATIC STATES: UNITED STATES

New President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected after the collapse of the U.S. stock market.

Had a plan to fix the U.S. economy called the “New Deal.”

The New Deal prevented socialism/communism from spreading to the U.S.

By 1933, there were more than 12 million

U.S. citizens unemployed.

HOW DID THE GERMAN PEOPLE RESPOND TO THE

GREAT DEPRESSION?

THE RISE OF DICTATORIAL

REGIMES24-2

Big Idea: By 1939, many European countries had adopted dictatorial regimes that aimed

to control every aspect of their citizen’s lives

UNIT REVIEW #1 Describe and explain the rise of fascism

and spread o communism in Europe & Asia #12Totalitarian state #13 fascism #14 Mussolini #15 Lenin #16 Stalin #18 New Economic Policy #19 Politburo #20 Five Year Plan #21 Collectivization

RISE OF DICTATORS Totalitarian State: the government aims

to control the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens.

Wanted to conquer the minds & hearts of the people.

(Example: Hitler/Germany Stalin/Soviet Union, Mussolini/Italy, Mae Dong/China.Fascism: political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by the need of a strong central government.

Mussolini Stalin Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Started Europe’s first fascist movement in Italy during the 1920’s

Forced the king to make him prime minister (with force)

Created a dictatorship 1922

Used a police force to monitor citizens/political party (OVRA) 1926

Joseph Stalin

pp.800

Adolf Hitler

pp. 805

A NEW ERA IN THE USSR In the Soviet Union, Stalin maintained

power by murdering his political opponents.

Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)

Industrialization:Politburo

THE RISE OF JOSEPH STALIN Joseph Stalin:

Rise of Stalin: 5 year plan:Collectivization:

HOW STALIN

CHANGED THE

SOVIET UNION

Rapid Industrialization

Collectivization of agriculture

Greater control of political bureaucracy

Got rid of Bolsheviks and opposition

Undid early 1920’s social laws (made it harder to

divorce, took away equal women’s rights)

EASTERN EUROPE: AUTHORITARIAN Eastern Europe:

Francisco Franco:

HITLER & THE NAZI REGIME

24-3

Hitler’s totalitarian state was widely accepted, but German Jews & minorities

were perscuted

UNIT REVIEW #2 Nazi Ideology/policies #17 Hitler #23 Nazi’s #24 Reichstag #25 Enabling Act #26 Aryan #29 Nuremburg Laws #30 Kristallnacht

WEBSITE http://youtu.be/q2O9WB8MRMc

Why did millions of Germans vote from the Nazi Party in free elections and how did the party eventually acquire an extensive European empire

After lecture, assemble students into five groups.� In groups students should brainstorm the following questions:

Is this clip an example of propaganda? Why or why not?

How does the director use light, shadowing, camera cuts, and music to portray Hitler, the Hitler Youth, and Germany as a whole?

How would Hitler use Triumph of the Will to motivate Germans?

How would he use the film to discourage actions of force from other European Nations?

How would the popularity of the film affect Germans?� How would the popularity of the film affect Aryans, Jews, Gypsies, ect