M.A.I.N. Causes of World War IM.A.I.N. Causes of World War I

As the Industrial RevAs the Industrial Rev

spread, it caused morespread, it caused more

And more And more competitioncompetition

Between countries forBetween countries for

Colonies and markets.Colonies and markets.

After the CongressAfter the Congress

Of Vienna In 1815 Of Vienna In 1815

Europe did not have aEurope did not have a

Major war until World Major war until World

War I broke out inWar I broke out in

______________________________

As the Industrial RevAs the Industrial Rev

spread, it caused morespread, it caused more

And more And more competitioncompetition

Between countries forBetween countries for

Colonies and markets.Colonies and markets.

After the CongressAfter the Congress

Of Vienna In 1815 Of Vienna In 1815

Europe did not have aEurope did not have a

Major war until World Major war until World

War I broke out inWar I broke out in

__August 1914August 1914

Africa in 1830Africa in 1830Africa in 1899Africa in 1899

By 1900 only two countries were notBy 1900 only two countries were not

Colonies –Colonies –

a. Liberiaa. Liberia

b. Ethiopiab. Ethiopia

Another change thatAnother change that

had occurred was thehad occurred was the

ITALY and GERMANYITALY and GERMANY

Had become UNITEDHad become UNITED

COUNTRIES.COUNTRIES.

Both felt cheated inBoth felt cheated in

Getting their fair shareGetting their fair share

Of COLONIES as theyOf COLONIES as they

Were late to the gameWere late to the game

In 1884-85 Europe’sIn 1884-85 Europe’s

Powers had aPowers had a

Conference inConference in

Berlin to “work outBerlin to “work out

Problems for theProblems for the

Future well being of Future well being of

Africa.” They Africa.” They

Invited ________Invited ________

AfricansAfricans

In 1884-85 Europe’sIn 1884-85 Europe’s

Powers had aPowers had a

Conference inConference in

Berlin to “work outBerlin to “work out

Problems for theProblems for the

Future well being of Future well being of

Africa.” They Africa.” They

Invited _Invited _ZEROZERO__

Africans. althoughAfricans. although

Their stated purposeTheir stated purpose

Was HELPING Was HELPING AFRICANS.AFRICANS.

Better title for thisBetter title for this

Conference Conference

would have beenwould have been

______________________________

Better title for thisBetter title for this

Conference Conference

would have beenwould have been

Let’s all grab asLet’s all grab as

Much of AfricaMuch of Africa

As possible asAs possible as

Quick Quick

as possibleas possible

Europeans liked to tell themselvesEuropeans liked to tell themselves

That they were That they were “Taking up the White“Taking up the White

Man’s Burden,” (as a poem by BritishMan’s Burden,” (as a poem by British

Poet Rudyard Kipling said) Poet Rudyard Kipling said) in regardin regard

To Africans. To Africans.

This manThis man King King Leopold of Leopold of BelgiumBelgium

Ran an especiallyRan an especially

Brutal occupationBrutal occupation

Of the BELGIUMOf the BELGIUM

CONGO in theCONGO in the

Name of helpingName of helping

AfricansAfricans

Belgium soldiersBelgium soldiers

Virtually enslavedVirtually enslaved

African people.African people.

They went menThey went men

Out to gather Out to gather

Rubber sap whileRubber sap while

Holding theirHolding their

Families inFamilies in

Concentration Concentration camps. camps.

If the men did notIf the men did not

Bring back Bring back

Enough rubberEnough rubber

Sap, their familySap, their family

Members wouldMembers would

Be mutilated. Be mutilated.

Eventually aEventually a

Belgium Belgium

Accountant told aAccountant told a

British reporter who British reporter who broke the story.broke the story.

Photography and a FREE Photography and a FREE PRESS eventually turned PRESS eventually turned public opinion against King public opinion against King Leopold and he had to reform Leopold and he had to reform his rule in Belgium. his rule in Belgium.

Nevertheless, Belgium Nevertheless, Belgium continued to rule to Congo continued to rule to Congo until after World War II.until after World War II.

Between 1815 & 1914Between 1815 & 1914The INDUSTRIAL REVThe INDUSTRIAL REVHad transformed theHad transformed theWorld AND WARFARE.World AND WARFARE.

The American CivilThe American Civil(1861-1865)(1861-1865)War gave a preview ofWar gave a preview ofWhat modern warfareWhat modern warfareWould be like – Would be like –

especially impact ofespecially impact ofGATLING GUN.GATLING GUN.

Civil War battles suchCivil War battles such

As Fredericksburg andAs Fredericksburg and

Cold Harbor showedCold Harbor showed

What happened whenWhat happened when

Forces attacked anForces attacked an

ENTRENCHED ENEMYENTRENCHED ENEMY

WITH GATLING GUNS-WITH GATLING GUNS-

Causalities of 90 toCausalities of 90 to

100 % were suffered.100 % were suffered.

NO ONE SEEMED TONO ONE SEEMED TOLEARN FROM THISLEARN FROM THIS

The GatlingThe GatlingGun evolvedGun evolvedinto the into the MaximMaximGunGun which whichgavegaveEuropeans aEuropeans agreatgreatadvantageadvantageover nativeover nativepopulationspopulations

The Modern TravellerThe Modern TravellerBlood thought he knew the Blood thought he knew the

native mind;native mind;He said you must be firm, but He said you must be firm, but

kind.kind.A mutiny resulted.A mutiny resulted.I shall never forget the wayI shall never forget the wayThat Blood stood upon this awful That Blood stood upon this awful

daydayPreserved us all from death.Preserved us all from death.He stood upon a little moundHe stood upon a little moundCast his lethargic eyes around,Cast his lethargic eyes around,And said beneath his breath:And said beneath his breath:'Whatever happens, we have got'Whatever happens, we have gotThe Maxim Gun, and they have The Maxim Gun, and they have

not.'not.'

Starting with the Starting with the

Ironclads of theIronclads of the

American Civil American Civil War,War,

Naval warfare Naval warfare

Developed quicklyDeveloped quickly

In modern BattleIn modern Battle

Ships with hugeShips with huge

Guns.Guns.

Most of Europe – especially Britain andMost of Europe – especially Britain and

Germany- embarked upon an Germany- embarked upon an ARMS RACE-ARMS RACE-

Building bigger and bigger navies andBuilding bigger and bigger navies and

Especially BATTLESHIPS.Especially BATTLESHIPS.

In a great contradiction, as weaponsIn a great contradiction, as weapons

got larger and larger, countries feltgot larger and larger, countries felt

more and more more and more vulnerable.vulnerable.

Everyone tried to feel more Everyone tried to feel more secure bysecure by

building bigger and bigger militarybuilding bigger and bigger military

forces– MILITARISM .forces– MILITARISM .

Countries alsoCountries also

tried to make tried to make

themselves feelthemselves feel

secure bysecure by

entering intoentering into

ALLIANCES –ALLIANCES –

friendship withfriendship with

Other countriesOther countries

for help in war.for help in war.

As if all of thisAs if all of this

were not enough,were not enough,

the last half of thethe last half of the

1800’s saw a huge1800’s saw a huge

Rise in Rise in NATIONALISM-NATIONALISM-

Love of countryLove of country

And/or ethnicAnd/or ethnic

Group.Group.

All Europeans All Europeans started feelingstarted feelinggreat love & pridegreat love & pridein their country.in their country.

Gilbert & SullivanGilbert & SullivanWere famousWere famousComposers ofComposers ofOperettas in lateOperettas in late1800’s London1800’s London

Famous parodyFamous parodyOf British Of British

nationalism innationalism in

H M S PinaforeH M S PinaforeSong “For he isSong “For he isAn Englishman.”An Englishman.”

The OttomanThe Ottoman

Empire was Empire was calledcalled

““The Sick Man The Sick Man of Europe” as of Europe” as it grew it grew weaker and weaker and weaker.weaker.

As Ottoman As Ottoman EmpireEmpire

got weaker, manygot weaker, manyethnic groups inethnic groups inthe Balkans formedthe Balkans formedtheir own newtheir own newcountries. This putcountries. This putPressure on thePressure on theOther MULTI-Other MULTI-NATIONAL countryNATIONAL countryIn EuropeIn Europe

Austria-Hungary was an old multinationalAustria-Hungary was an old multinationalempire which contained many differentempire which contained many differentethnic groups.ethnic groups.

Austrians were ethnically German &Austrians were ethnically German &had dominated the country. All governmenthad dominated the country. All governmentbusiness was conducted in German as were allbusiness was conducted in German as were alllegal proceedings and college level education.legal proceedings and college level education.

New countries such as SERBIA New countries such as SERBIA wanted to be united with their wanted to be united with their fellow SERBIANS within Austria-fellow SERBIANS within Austria-Hungary.Hungary.

A-H had been ruledA-H had been ruledFor centuries byFor centuries byThe HAPSBURGThe HAPSBURGDYNASTY. TheDYNASTY. TheEmperor in 1914 wasEmperor in 1914 was

FRANZ JOSEF FRANZ JOSEF whowhowas in his 80’s. was in his 80’s. HisHis

only son had died in aonly son had died in ascandalous murder-scandalous murder-Suicide many years Suicide many years Before after not beingBefore after not beingAllowed to marry theAllowed to marry theNon noble woman he Non noble woman he

loved.loved.

The heir to the throne ofThe heir to the throne ofA-H was A-H was ARCHDUKEARCHDUKEFRANZ FERDINAND,FRANZ FERDINAND,Nephew of the emperor.Nephew of the emperor.In June of 1914 FF andIn June of 1914 FF andhis wife decided to go tohis wife decided to go tothe city of the city of SARAJEVOSARAJEVOwhich was near borderwhich was near borderwith with SERBIA. SERBIA. SerbianSerbiannationalists wanted thatnationalists wanted thatCity to be part of theirCity to be part of theirCountry. A terroristCountry. A terroristgroup group The BLACK HANDThe BLACK HANDDecided to act.Decided to act.

A terrorist namedA terrorist named

GavirloGavirloPrincipPrincip

shot theshot thearchduke archduke and his wifeand his wifewho both who both died soondied soonthereafter.thereafter.

Of course, Austria-Hungary Of course, Austria-Hungary

wished to declare war on Serbia.wished to declare war on Serbia.

But SIX WEEKS LATER But SIX WEEKS LATER ALLALL OF OF

EUROPE WAS AT WAR.EUROPE WAS AT WAR.

How did that come about???How did that come about???