mailula ma and gumbo jr department of hydrology and water resources, university of venda, p/bag...
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Mailula MA and Gumbo JR Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, P/Bag x5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL SAFETY OF SURFACE WATER SOURCES OF LUVUVHU RIVER CATCHMENT IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE
Water Safety Conference 2010
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Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Outline
• Background
• Research objective
• Brief Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
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Background
• South Africa is a water stressed country • Water stress results from an imbalance between water use
and water availability. • The water borne pathogens caused by these sources is of
concern, because they are many rural communities in South Africa who utilize the unprotected sources for drinking water and other uses (Foss-Kankeu et al., 2008).
• Lack of safe drinking water can lead to a number of diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and gastro-enteritis. These diseases cause high death rates per year in the World, especially with children under the age of five (Zamxaka et al., 2004a).
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Sources of surface water
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Water pollution activities
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Water users in rural communities
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Study Area
Location of study area- Nandoni Dam (Griscom, 2007)
UNIVERSITY OF
VENDA
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Research objectives
• The major objective of the study was to assess the microbial safety of surface water sources of Luvuvhu River Catchment.
• The specific objectives were – to identify the pathogens that may be present in the
surface water sources; – to determine the levels of pathogens that may be
present in the same surface water sources and – to assess the waterborne diseases in the study area.
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Sampling points
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Brief Methods• Sampling points
• Microbiological analysis,
– APHA (1998) procedure
– E. coli, faecal Streptococci, total coliform and faecal coliform
• Physico analysis
– pH and temperature
– Turbidity
• Mulenzhe community clinic
– Data on waterborne infections
• Data analysis
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Sampling points
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Results and Discussion
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The effect of physical parameters on the microbial growth of organisms
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Similar research findings
• Zamxaka et al. (2004a) high turbidity values promote bacterial growth.
• Fatoki et al. (2001) and Zamxaka et al.( 2004a) also high water temperatures in surface water.
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Microbiological water quality of surface water
sources in the Mvudi River
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Thohoyandou sewage plant
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Microbiological water quality of Nandoni reservoir
water and hand dug wells
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Mulenzhe community clinic
• Water borne infections- 12 months data– 162 children above 5 years.
– 193 children below 5 years.
• South Africa progress on MDG goals – Child mortality rates?
– Access to microbial safe water
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Waterborne disease in nearby Mulenzhe community
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Conclusion
• Physical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity)• High microbial counts- microbial poor water
quality• Improvement in Municipal water supply
– Commissioning of Nandoni water works
• Household water treatment options – eg ceramic water filters
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Acknowledgement
• The authors wish to acknowledge financial support (SEN/08/HWR/001) for the study came from Department of Research and Innovation, University of Venda and
• Prof. Natasha Potgieter, Ms Ivy Susan Thomas and Mr TB Mpofu of the Department of Microbiology, University of Venda for technical assistance.
• The waterborne statistics were obtained from Mulenzhe medical centre.
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Thank you